•^ 


S. 


PRINCETON,     3Sr.     J. 


SAe/f. 


jEmoR  J^^STOR  or 


'rlAIE    CHUnCH. 


A    MANUAL 


OP  THE 


ll^^rmd  dfltujtlt  In  gim^rita. 


BY 


/ 
Er)^\^AIlD    TANJORE  ^CORWIN, 


PASTOB  AT  MILLSTONE,  N.  J. 


^ECOND    -^DITION,     J^EVISED    AND    ENLARGED. 


NEW- YORK : 

Board  of  Publication  of  the  Reforiied  Church  in  America, 

103  Fulton  Street. 

1869. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1803,  by 

Eev.  JOHN  A.  LANSING, 

On  bclialf  of  the  Board  of  Publication  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,  in  the  Clerk's 

Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the 

Southern  District  of  New- York. 


S.  W.  Gbeen,  Peinter, 
16  and  18  Jacob  Street,  New-York. 


PREFACE. 


A  DECADE  of  years  lins  passed  since  the  first  edition  of  this  Manual  was 
published.  In  the  mean  time,  frequent  requests  have  been  made  fcr  a 
new  and  revised  edition.  It  now  appears,  however,  under  an  entirely  new 
arrangement,  with  much  additional  material.  If  it  were  interesting  before  to 
have  a  book  of  reference,  which  showed  the  general  changes  of  the  ministry, 
which  gave  a  slight  view  of  the  churches,  and  a  very  succinct  account  of  the 
origin  and  development  of  the  benevolent  Boards ;  it  is  believed  it  will  not 
be  less  interesting,  in  this  volume,  to  find  brief  characterizations  of  many 
of  the  worthy  dead;  a  fuller  view  of  the  churches  with  their  pas- 
torates ;  and  a  much  more  detailed  account,  not  only  of  the  origin  and 
prfigress  of  the  Boards,  but  also  of  our  Literary  and  Theological  Insti- 
tutions. To  all  this  a  General  Historical  Introduction  has  been  prefixed,  and 
steel  plates  of  several  of  our  ministers  have  been  added.  Scattered  tlirough 
the  work  will  be  found  the  names  of  about  one  hundred  ministers  of  the 
last  century,  who  are  generally  recognized  as  belonging  to  the  German 
branch  of  the  Eeformed  Church.  They  were,  however,  under  the  same 
European  judicatories  as  ourselves,  until  1792,  though  biTt  little  intercourse 
existed  between  us.  This  was  owing  chiefly  to  distance,  and  difference 
cf  language  and  origin.  Brief  sketches  of  Ursinus,  Olevianus,  and  Guido 
de  Bres  have  also  been  added,  on  account  of  their  relation  to  the  symbols  of 
the  Church. 

In  collecting  the  material,  not  only  have  the  general  histories  and  memo- 
rial sermons  been  consulted,  but  circulars  were  sent  to  all  the  churches  and 
pastors,  where  printed  matter  did  not  already  avail.  These  received  very 
general  and  kind  responses.  In  the  delineations  of  character,  the  ini- 
Tials  of  the  writers  are  frequently  given.  Not  a  few  of  the  sketches,  how- 
ever, are  condensations  of  articles  which  have  appeared  in  the  Magazine  of 
the  Church,  in  Reviews,  or  in  the  Christian  Intelligencer.  The  language  of 
these  articles,  or  of  memorial  sermons  or  church  histories,  has  been  freely 
used,  abridged,  or  amplified,  as  was  found  expedient.  For  the  knowledge  of 
the  German  ministers,  the  writer  is  chiefly  indebted  to  HarUvgh's  Fathers 
(if  the  Reformed  Church. 

He  would  also  take  this  opportunity  of  returning  his  thanks  to  the  many 
brethren  who  have  kindly  assisted  him  in  the  work.  He  is  particularly  in- 
debted to  the  many  articles  which  have  from  time  to  time  appeared  from  the 
pen  of  Eev.  Dr.  Thomas  De  Witt ;  also  to  Rev.  Charles  Scott,  for  the  loan  of 
the  material  he  had  collected  concerning  the  alumni  of  the  New-Brunswick 
Seminary.     He  would  return  his  thanks  to  the  Collegiate  Church  of  New- 


IV  PREFACE. 


York,  and  to  the  several  individuals  who  have  allowed  him  the  use  of  the 
steel  plates  belonging  to  them,  and  for  other  assistance ;  and  especially  to 
the  sons  of  Dr.  John  Ludlow,  to  the  daughters  of  Dr.  Gosman,  and  to  Cap- 
tain J.  M.  WyckofF,  of  Millstone,  for  the  new  plates  which  they  have  kindly 
had  engraved  expressly  for  this  work.  The  writer  regrets  that  Dr.  Sprague's 
interesting  volume,  which  should  be  in  the  hands  of  all  our  ministry,  did  not 
sooner  appear.  He  was  only  able  to  condense  a  few  lines  from  it  concerning 
Kevs.  Moses  Froeligh  and  Jeremiah  Romeyn,  as  this  work  was  going 
through  the  press.  He  had  failed  to  obtain  any  sketches  of  these  men.  No 
doubt  some  errors  will  be  noticed,  but  these  are  altogether  inseparable  from' 
a  book  of  this  character.  It  is  believed,  however,  that  they  will  be  compar- 
atively few.  The  work  is  given  to  the  public,  hoping  that  it  may  subserve 
the  interests  of  religion,  by  increasing  our  knowledge  of  the  progress  and 
development  of  the  denomination,  and  leading  to  new  and  enlarged  plans 
of  usefulness  and  liberality. 

P.  S.— We  have  learned  while  the  book  was  in  press  that  the  efforts  for 
the  increased  endowment  of  the  Seminary  have  already  resulted  in  a  gift 
of  $40,000  from  James  Suydam,  Esq.,  of  New- York. 

MiLLSTONB,  May,  1869. 


TABLE  OF  CONTE.NTS. 


PAGB 

Historical  Introduction, 1 

Thb  Ministry, [19 

The  Churches, 381 

The  Classes, 338 

The  Synods, 330 

The  Institutions  : 

Rutgers  College,  at  New-Brunswick,  N.  J., 331 

Hope  College,  at  Holland,  Mich., 848 

Theological  Seminary,  at  New-Brunswick, 350 

Theological  Seminary,  at  Holland,  Mich.,         ....  304 
The  Boards: 

Domestic  Missions 809 

Education, 375 

Publication, 379 

Foreign  Missions, 379 

The  Widows'  Fund, ...  393 


ABBREVIATIONS 


COLLEGES. 

^  Q  Amherst  College. 

p'y Columbia  College. 

^^  J ..."'.'.. College  of  New-Jersey. 

jj*^^ '    Dickinson  College. 

Ham  C. . . . . . . . . . . .  ■ .  •  ■ Hamilton  College. 

Hob.  C. 


.Hobart  College. 

^'q  "  Hope  College. 

J  p Jefferson  College 


Mid.  C. 


Middlebury  College. 

N-^^-  I    University  of  City  of  N.Y. 

U.N.Y.  i 

Q.C.  I        Rutger3  CoUege,  (Queen's.) 

jjQ  Union  College. 

^'  Pj^ "  "    • University  of  Pennsylvania. 

■^f, Williams  College. 

W  R  C  ... Western  Reserve  College. 

y  Q      " Yale  College. 

THEOLOGICAL   SEMINARIES. 

.  g  Andover  Seminary. 

2' jj  g '.'. Associate  Reformed  Seminary,  (Mason's. ) 

Anb  8      .     Auburn  Seminary. 

„Q Holland  Seminary. 

j,'g  g Ne-w-Brunswick  Seminary. 

p  g Princeton  Seminary. 

yj'  g Union  Seminary. 

OTHER  ABBREVIATIONS. 

B.orb Bo™- 

Core Come. 

Q,  Classis. 

.  Died. 

aep.' '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'."  V'^^ Deposed. 

L.  or  1.  or  lie Licensed. 

jjjgg    Missionary. 

jj-g New-Brunswick. 

pj.gg^ ..!!....... Presbytery,  or  Presbyterian. 

B.  or  8.' .'.'.".'.'.' .'.'.'.'.'. Son. 

.Suspended. 

.Without  pastoral  charge. 

S*  Th,  initials  to  many  of  the  article,  refer  to  ministers  whose  names  an  found  in 
the  work. 


Busp. 
w.  c. 


r 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH 


IN 


AMERICA. 


HiSTORic^r^    iN"a?Ror>xjCTio]sr. 

GENERAL. 

TnE  Protestants  on  the  Continent  of  Europe  were  divided,  in  less  tlian 
a  quarter  of  a  century  after  the  Reformation  began,  into  two  great  divisions, 
known  by  the  names  of  the  Lutherans  and  the  Reformed.  Each  existed  by 
the  side  of  the  other,  in  the  various  nations  where  the  Reformation  extended, 
and  each  represented  a  particular  aspect  of  doctrine.  The  Reformed  Church 
had  its  origin  in  Switzerland,  under  Zwingle,  and  was  more  fully  developed 
by  Calvin.  It  extended  into  the  Palatinate,  France,  (where  it  soon  reached 
the  number  of  two  thousand  congregations,)  Holland,  various  parts  of  Ger- 
man)^, Poland,  Bohemia,  and  even  appeared  in  Spain  and  Italy.  Persecu- 
tions soon  extirpated  it  in  France,  its  adherents  being  either  killed  or  driven 
into  exile.  The  dissenting  elements  in  England  which  had  abolished  the 
Episcopate,  and  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Scotland,  corresponded  entire- 
ly to  the  Reformed  Church  of  the  continent.  The  reformed  theology  has 
been  prolific  in  systems  of  varied  type,  and  in  a  rich  symbolical  literature. 
In  the  freest  and  most  advancing  nations,  it  has  ever  had  the  strongest 
hold — those  nations  which  are  leading  the  van  in  the  general  progress  of 
mankind.  Most  of  the  sects  of  modern  times  have  sprung  into  being  from 
its  impulse,  or  in  opposition  to  it.  The  system  has  a  practical  and  reforma- 
tory vigor,  springing  partly  from  its  polity,  and  partly  from  its  general 
spirit.  The  Lutheran  division  of  the  Evangelical  Catholic  Church  has  been 
comparatively  stationary,  while  the  Reformed  division  has  been  noted  for 
its  practical  energy.  Its  Presbyterian  and  Synodal  constitution,  or  the 
pure  Congregationalism  of  certain  portions,  has  given  it  much  of  its  vitality. 


THE    EEFOEMBD    CIHIECH    IN   AMERICA. 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH   IN  AMERICA. 

Many  adherents  of  this  faith,  led  by  various  causes,  emigrated  to  Ameri- 
ca. Those  from  Great  Britain  have  been  generally  distinguished  by  names 
derived  from  their  forms  of  church  government;  while  those  from  the  con- 
tinent, maintaining  the  general  epithet  of  Reformed,  have,  on  account  of 
the  different  nationalities  from  which  they  sprung,  and  out  of  love  to  their 
fatherlands,  retained  patrial  adjectives  to  designate  their  origins.  But 
these  various  national  distinctions  have  become  comparatively  meaningless 
in  the  general  Americanization,  and,  to  a  great  extent,  intermixture  of  the 
Reformed  Churches  from  the  continent.  The  French  Reformed — the  noble 
Huguenots — have  been  absorbed  by  other  branches  which  flourished  around 
them.  Scores  of  their  family  names  now  appear  connected  with  the  Reformed 
branch  from  Holland;  while  the  Hollandish,  the  Swiss,  the  German,  and 
other  emigrants,  from  the  earliest  times  to  the  present,  have  attached  them- 
selves to  the  German  or  Dutch  branch  of  the  Reformed  Church,  or  to  some 
of  the  Presbyterian  bodies,  as  location  and  circumstances  determined.  Up 
to  the  revolution,  or  even  later,  the  German  churches,  mostly  from  the  Pa- 
latinate on  the  Upper  Rhine,  placed  themselves  under  the  care  of  the  Sy- 
nods of  Holland,  because  the  churches  from  which  they  sprung  were  "  un- 
der the  cross."  Indeed,  it  may  be  truly  said  that  all  the  elements  of  the 
Reformed  Church  from  the  continent,  were  under  the  ecclesiastical  care  of 
the  church  in  Holland.  French,  and  German,  and  Swiss,  as  well  as  Dutch, 
from  all  parts  of  the  New  World,  turned  to  Amsterdam  for  men  and  money. 
The  Westminster  and  the  Heidelberg  Catechisms  are  respectively  the  sym- 
bols of  faith  of  the  British  and  the  Continental  branches.  These  mutual- 
ly supplement  each  other,  being  composed,  the  one  from  a  philosophical, 
and  the  other  from  an  experimental  stand-point.*  In  doctrine  they  are  sub- 
stantially identical. 

THE  NETHERLANDS   BRANCH. 

Since  Holland  herself  was  the  as3dum  for  the  oppressed  of  all  nations, 
there  was  no  necessity  that  her  citizens  should  leave  her  shores  for  the  en- 
joyment of  religious  freedom.  The  first  emigrants,  therefore,  from  Holland 
to  America  were  those  engaged  in  trade.  Tliey  were  under  the  immediate 
patronage  of  the  Dutch  West-India  Company ;  and  when  their  numbers 
had  sufficiently  increased,  they  organized  a  church  at  New-Amsterdam. 
This  may  have  been  as  early  as  lG19,t  though  they  are  not  known  to  have 

*  Dr.  Livingston  expressed  the  desire,  in  1783,  in  a  lengthy  letter  to  Dr.  Westerlo,  that  some 
genius,  equal  to  the  task,  would  arise  to  draw  up  a  plan  for  uniting  all  the  Reformed  churches 
in  America  into  one  national  church.  Notwithstanding  the  seeming  diificultics  in  the  way, 
"I  humbly  apprehend,"  says  he,  "this  will  be  practicable;  and  I  yet  hope  to  see  it  accom- 
plished." Let  them  begin  the  work  by  indorsing  each  other's  sjiahols.— Livingston's  Life, 
p.  159,  ed.  1856. 

+  Gunn's  Memoir  of  Livingston,  p.  44,  ed.  1856. 


THE    KEFOUAIED    CHURCH    IX    AMERICA.  '  3 

had  a  pastor  till  1028.  (Miciiaeuus.)  The  West-India  Company  acted  as 
their  medium  in  procurin<;  ministers,  putting  their  requests  in  the  hands 
of  the  clorg;)'  of  Amsterdam.  The  Hollanders  were,  therefore,  the  first  who 
planted  the  Reformed  Church,  as  it  had  been  distinctively  known  on  the 
continent,  in  America. 

The  first  period  of  their  history  extends  over  nearly  half  a  century,  down 
to  their  surrender  to  the  English.  Their  numbers  were  constantly  aug- 
mented, during  this  time,  by  immigration  and  natural  increase,  until  they 
reached  10,000.  They  were  confined,  in  their  location,  to  what  is  now 
New-York,  Brooklyn,  and  Bergen,  and  had  also  settlements  at  Kingston 
and  Albany.  At  the  surrender,  there  weie  nine  Reformed  churches,  be- 
sides one  at  New-Amstel,  in  Delaware,  which  maintained  a  doubtful  exist- 
ence. Five  of  the  remaining  churches  were  on  Long  Island.*  Possibly 
another  also  existed  at  Harlem.  Twelve  ministers  had  been  employed  up 
to  this  time,  seven  of  whom  were  in  the  country  at  the  surrender.  A  few 
of  other  religious  tenets  were  reluctantly  tolerated.  For  minuter  details, 
sec  the  names  of  the  individual  ministers.! 


QUIET   GROWTH,  1664-1737. 

The  Second  Period  extends  over  three  quarters  of  a  century,  or  from  tlie 
surrender  to  the  English  to  the  first  eftbrts  to  secure  some  sort  of  inde- 
pendent ecclesiastical  power.  Holland  immigrants  ceased  to  arrive.  It 
was  in  general  a  period  of  quiet  prosperity  and  peace,  though  collisions 
with  their  English  governors  sometimes  occui-red.  Governor  Andros  at- 
tempted to  foist  an  Episcopalian  minister  on  the  Dutch  Church  of  Albany, 
(Van  Renslaer,  Van  Niewenhuysen,)  and  Governor  Fletcher,  having  en- 
deavored to  impose  the  English  language  on  the  Dutch  colonists,  as  had 
been  tried  before,  and  failing,  procured  the  passage  of  a  hill  for  the  settling 
of  a  ministry. X     This  substantially,  though  not  literally,  established  the 

*  Flatlands,  Flatbush,  Bushwick,  Gravescnd,  and  Brooklyn. 

t  Michaelius,  Bo^ardus,  E.,  Bickerus,  Megapolensis,  J.,  Grasmere,  Drisias,  Polhemus, 
J.  T.,  Scliaats,  Blom,  Megapolensis,  S.,  Selyns,  and  Welius. 

X  Some  dissenters,  wisliing  to  build  a  church  at  Jamaica,  and  not  having  the  means,  ap- 
plied to  Governor  Fletcher  for  assistance.  lie,  perceiving  that  the  Assembly  were  in  favor 
of  granting  their  request  and  settling  a  maintenance  for  minist^ers,  thought  it  a  fit  opportu- 
nity to  do  something  surreptitiously  for  the  English  Church.  James  Graham,  the  Speaker 
of  the  Assembly,  was  accordingly  directed  to  draw  up  a  bill  prescribing  the  method  of  in- 
duction, so  wording  it  that,  though  it  might  apply  to  dissenters,  it  could,  with  the  help  ol 
the  Governor,  be  made  especially  to  subserve  the  Church  of  England.  ( Col.  Hint.  N.  Y. 
V.  321.)  Bellomont  writes,  in  1098,  that  Fletcher  took  advantage  of  circumstances  "to  di- 
vide the  people,  by  supposing  a  Dutch  and  English  interest  to  be  different  here,  and  there- 
fore, under  notion  of  a  Church  of  England,  to  be  put  in  opposition  to  the  Dutch  and  French 
churches  established  here,  he  supported  a  few  rascally  English,  who  are  a  scandal  to  their 
nation  and  the  Protestant  religion,  and  here  great  opposers  to  the  Protestant  religion,  and 
who  joyned  with  him  in  theworst  methods  of  gaine  and  severely  used  the  Dutch,  except 
some  few  merchants  whose  trade  is  favored,  who  ought  to  have  an  equal  benefit  of  the  Eng- 
lish Government,  who  are  most  hearty  for  his  present  majesty,  and  who  are  a  sober,  indus- 
trious people,  and  obedient  to  the  Government."    {Col.  Hid.  N.  Y.  iii.  325.) 


4  THE    REFOEMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

Episcopal  Church  in  the  counties  of  New- York,  Kings,  Eichmond,  and 
Westchester,  (Selyns.)  The  Church  of  New-York,  however,  procured  a 
charter  from  Fletcher,  giving  them  the  privilege  of  calling  their  own  minis- 
ters, and  none  of  the  Dutch  churches  seem  to  have  been  prevented  in  doing 
this.  In  the  counties  above  mentioned,  however,  they  were  obliged  to  pay 
church  rates  for  the  support  of  the  English  Church. 

The  Dutch  were  now  a  distinct  element  in  a  growing  British  province. 
It  became  a  necessity  for  their  leading  men  to  speak  the  English  language. 
A  few  French  Huguenots  came  over,  settling  on  Staten  Island,  at  New-Ro- 
chelle,  in  the  city,  and  at  New-Paltz,  who  cordially  fraternized  and  in  time 
coalesced  with  the  Dutch.  (Daille,  Bonkepos,  Peuret.)  The  Dutch  in- 
habitants, on  account  of  English  oppression,  began  also  about  the  close  of 
the  century  to  emigrate  into  the  interior.  Thus  Middlesex  and  Somerset 
counties,  in  New-Jersey,  and  also,  partly  for  the  same  reasons,  Monmouth 
and  Bergen  counties,  M^ere  settled,  although  the  former  had  some  original 
colonists,  and  the  latter  also  had  received  directly  many  employees  of  the 
West-India  Company,  in  reward  for  services.  The  mild  and  republican 
form  of  government  in  New-Jersey,  in  contrast  with  the  more  oppressive 
government  of  New-York,  was  very  attractive  to  the  older  colonists  both 
on  the  Hudson  and  in  New-England.  By  colonization  and  natural  increase, 
therefore,  during  this  second  period,  about  fifty  new  churches  were  organ- 
ized. Fourteen  of  these  were  in  New-Jersey,  about  twenty  on  the  slopes 
of  the  Hudson,  and  half  as  many  in  the  valleys  of  Schoharie,  Ulster,  and 
Orange,  and  a  half-dozen  on  Long  and  Staten  Islands.  Forty-two  minis- 
ters also  during  this  time  had  begun  their  ministrations  in  these  churches, 
some  of  them  continuing,  however,  only  a  short  time.  At  the  close  of  this 
period  there  were  sixty  churches  and  seventeen  ministers  of  Ilollandish 
extraction  in  America. 

THE  GERMAN  AND  SWISS  BRANCH. 

But  while  these  events  were  transpiring  on  the  Hudson,  another  branch 
of  the  Reformed  Church  was  locating  on  the  Delaware  and  Susquehannah. 
As  early  as  1684,  the  Frankfort  Land  Company  began  to  send  German  set- 
tlers to  Pennsylvania.  The  Romish  religion  had  obtained  the  upper  hand 
again  in  the  Palatinate,  after  the  palmy  days  of  Frederick  III.,  and  the  op- 
pressed inhabitants  sought  freedom  of  conscience  in  the  new  world.  Thus 
began  the  Reformed  Church  of  German  extraction  in  Pennsylvania.  The 
full  tide  of  emigration  did  not  fairly  begin  till  about  1709.  In  this  year, 
four  thousand  Palatines  embarked  for  New-York,  but  seventeen  hundred 
died  on  the  passage.  They  were  invited  to  settle  on  the  Livingston  Manor, 
and  many  of  them  did  so.  Others  settled  in  Schoharie  and  in  the  valley 
of  the  Mohawk.*  The  following  year  large  numbers  of  the  same  class  fled 
to  North-Carolina,  (where  some  French  Protestants  had  already  settled  on 

*  Col.  Uist.  N.  Y.  V.  553. 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  5 

the  banks  of  the  Ncusc,)  and^  founded  Ncw-Bcrne.  They  had  preachers 
among  them,  but  in  1713  the  settlement  was  broken  up  by  the  Indians. 
The  remnant  fled  to  South-Carolina.  Many  Germans  of  Pennsylvania  sub- 
sequently emigrated  to  the  Carolinas.  Many  Swiss  were  also  mingled  with 
the  various  bands  of  emigrants,  who  were  absorbed  by  tlie  Germans  and  the 
Dutch.  (GoETsciiKY,  BoEUM,  "WiMss,  DousTius.)  But  tliesc  Germans  could 
obtain  no  help  from  their  native  country,  on  account  of  its  interior  position 
and  the  persecutions  which  the  mother  Church  was  then  enduring.  But 
living  often  side  by  side  with  the  Dutch,  and  observing  the  care  bestowed 
on  them  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  they  naturally  craved  assistance  and 
oversight  from  the  same.  The  Church  of  the  Palatinate  also  kindly  asked 
this  Classis,  as  they  were  on  the  sea-coast  and  had  constant  intercourse 
with  America,  to  lend  the  emigrants  such  help  as  they  could.  As  early  as 
1730,  a  correspondence  began  between  the  German  churches  and  the 
Classis,  which  continued  more  than  fifty  years.  Weiss  had  gone  back  to 
Holland  in  1729  and  secured  help.  (Weiss.)  There  were  at  this  time  about 
fifteen  thousand  Germans  in  Pennsylvania.  The  Classis  agreed  to  help 
them  on  condition  that  they  would  adhere  to  the  Heidelberg  Catechism, 
the  Palatinate  Confession  of  Faith,  the  Canons  of  the  Synod  of  Dort,  and 
the  Rules  of  Church  Government  of  Dort.  This  was  agreed  to.*  In  1731, 
while  the  Synod  of  Holland  was  in  session  at  Dordrecht,  eight  hundred 
exiled  Palatinates  passed  through  the  place,  to  take  ships  at  Rotterdam  for 
America.  The  Synod  visited  them  in  a  body  ;  religious  exercises  were  ob- 
served, help  was  given  them  for  their  immediate  necessities,  with  the  pledge 
that  the  Church  of  Holland  would  not  forget  them  in  their  new  abode.  But 
circumstances  intervened,  and  nothing  effectual  was  done  for  them  for  fif- 
teen years. 

In  America,  the  German  and  Hollandish  divisions  of  the  Reformed 
Church  had  comparatively  little  intercourse,  as  both  were  dependent,  widely 
separated  at  that  day,  and  could  be  of  little  benefit  to  each  other.  Yet 
they  were  not  altogether  strangers.  On  the  Raritan,  the  Germans  and  the 
Dutch  touched  each  other.  As  early  as  1705,  German  Valley,  and  soon 
after  Lebanon  and  Amwell,t  were  settled  by  the  Germans.  Frelinghuy- 
sen  and  Dorstius  were  intimate  friends,  and  correspondence  and  visitations 
were  not  altogether  wanting  between  the  ministers  of  New-York  and  Phila- 
delphia. In  Schoharie  and  Columbia  counties,  and  on  the  Mohawk,  the 
Germans  and  Dutch  were  intermingled,  and  have  to  a  great  extent 
coalesced. 

QUASI-AMERICAN  JUDICATORIES,  1737-92. 

The  Third  Period  extends  over  a  little  more  than  half  a  century,  and  is 
a  period  of  aspirations,  of  difficulties,  and  finally  of  independent  organi- 
zation. 

*  From  a  pamphlet  published  by  Weiss,  in  1731,  concerning  his  arrangements  with  the 
Classis,  a  copy  of  which  was  sent  by  Prof.  Buddingh  to  Dr.  T.  De  Witt  in  1850. 

+  The  original  German  church  of  Amwell  is  now  the  Presbyterian  church  of  Kingoes, 
where  Dr.  Kirkpatrick  so  long  ministered. 


6  THE   EEFOEMED    CHURCH    IN   AMERICA. 

The  churches  in  America  had  procured  their  ministers  hitherto,  with  a 
half-dozen  exceptions,  from  Europe.*  But  the  tie  which  bound  them  to 
Holland  was  continually  becoming  weakened.  Many  of  the  Dutch  w-ere 
beginning  to  use  the  English  tongue.  For  more  than  two  generations  they 
had  been  subject  to  English  rule.  A  new  American  life  was  developing. 
The  churches  were  sufTering  for  ministers.  Great  practical  difficulties  ex- 
isted in  obtaining  a  supply  from  Holland,  and  when  obtained,  they  were 
often  not  adapted  to  American  society.  A  few  young  men  had  been  sent 
across  the  ocean  to  study  and  receive  ordination,  but  the  delay,  expense, 
and  danger  were  great.  (Theological  Seminaky.)  There  was  only  one 
third  as  many  pastors  as  churches.  Presbyterians  and  Independents  had 
the  power  of  ordination  in  their  own  hands.  Ought  not  the  seventeen  Hol- 
landish  ministers,  representing  sixty  churches  of  the  Reformed  faith,  to 
have  some  sort  of  power  ?  be  associated  in  some  way  to  look  after  the  in- 
terests of  the  starving  churches,  and  not  depend  wholly  on  others,  not  well 
acquainted  with  the  circumstances,  three  thousand  miles  away  ? 

For  these  American  Reformed  churches,  while  they  first  naturally 
sought  help  and  advice  from  their  native  land  and  from  the  Classis  of  Am- 
sterdam, as  most  convenient,  found  themselves  gradually  brought  into  com- 
plete subordination  to  that  Classis.  The  right  of  ordination  and  of  ecclesi- 
astical decisions,  at  first  casually  vested  in  them,  the  Classis  at  length  tena- 
ciously claimed.  The  ministers  sent  out  by  them  were  naturally  attached  to 
the  Classis,  both  by  a  sense  of  interest  and  protection.  Hence  some  of  these 
sided  with  the  Classis.  But  the  privilege  was  granted  at  length  to  Messrs. 
Erickzon  and  Haeghoort  to  ordain  John  Schuyler  to  the  ministry  in  1736. 
(SciiilYLER.)t  This  privilege  was  suggestive.  There  were  also  noble  spirits 
who  felt  that  the  proclamation  of  the  Gospel  to  the  perishing  was  of  in- 
finitely more  importance  than  ecclesiastical  restrictions.  And  while,  for 
the  sake  of  peace  and  harmony,  they  proceeded  cautiously  and  calmly ; 
yet  on  one  occasion  two  ministers,  one  from  the  German  and  the  other 
from  the  Dutch  communion,  ordained  a  man  on  their  own  responsibility  to 
the  ministry.  (Goetsciiius.)  In  1737,  therefore,  five  ministers  (namely, 
Du  Bois,  Haeghoort,  Freeman,  Van  Santvoord,  and  Curtenius)  met  in  New- 
York  and  drew  up  a  plan  for  the  establishment  of  a  coetus  or  association, 
and  submitted  the  plan  to  the  churches.  The  plan  adopted  provided  for 
delegates  fi-om  every  church,  lay  and  clerical,  the  transaction  of  only  eccle- 
siastical business,  while  acknowledging  subordination  to  the  Classis  of  Am- 
sterdam ;  yet  for  the  greater  advantage  of  the  congregations,  circles  were 
to  be  established,  to  which  the  questions  of  congregations  were  first  to  be 
taken,  and  ultimately,  if  necessary,  to  the  Coetus.  It  was  also  stipulated 
that  all  ministers  hereafter  arriving  should  belong  to  the  Coetus.  In  April, 
1738,1  nine  ministers,  a  bare  majority,  met  in  New-York,  (Frelinghuysen, 

*  Megapolensis,  S.,  Bertholf,  Van  Driessen,  J.,  Schuyler,  Goetchius,  J.  H.,  and  Morgan. 

t  Boehm,  of  the  German  Church,  had  also  been  ordained,  by  Boel  and  Du  Bois  of  New- 
York,  in  1729. 

X  It  is  worthy  of  note  that  in  this  same  year,  (1738,)  Elias  Van  Bunscliooten  and  Jacob  R. 
Hardenbergh  were  born,  the  former  destined  first  to  endow  the  educational  department  of 


THE   REFORMED   CUURCII    IN   AMERICA.  7 

Erickzon,  Boehtn,  and  Schujicr,  in  addition  to  those  before  mentioned,) 
and  sent  this  phm  for  a  yearly  Coetus  to  Holland  for  approval.  Nine 
years  elapsed  before  permission  was  granted.  In  the  mean  time,  the 
Chassis,  anxious  to  secure  the  welfare  of  the  Church,  sought  to  effect  a 
union  of  both  the  Dutch  and  German  branches  with  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  but  without  success."*"  (Dohstils.)  The  Classis  was  therefore  loath 
to  grant  tlicir  request,  not  only  lest  it  should  ultimately  destroy  their 
authority  over  them,  but  also  lest  these  churches  should  be  left  without 
any  adequate  care  and  attention.  It  was  at  length,  however,  obliged  to 
yield. 

For  in  the  meau  time  the  sad  condition  of  the  scattered  and  wasted  Ger- 
man Reformed  churches,  had  become  better  known  in  Holland.  AVciss  in 
1729  had  obtained  the  promise  of  protection  and  oversight  from  the  Classis, 
(Weiss,)  and  in  17-iG,  Schlatter,  in  tender  pity  for  these  churches,  half  in- 
dependent, and  at  the  mercy  of  every  errorist  wandering  over  the  land, 
had  procured  the  appointment  for  himself  of  General  Agent,  to  visit,  organ- 
ize, and  consolidate  them  into  some  sort  of  an  ecclesiastical  body.  (Schlat- 
ter.) This  became  the  German  Coetus  or  Synod.  The  sad  representa- 
tions made  of  the  condition  of  these  churches  compelled  the  Classis  to 
grant  their  prayers,  and  hence  the  mission  of  Schlatter.  But  after  doing 
this,  they  could  not  well  longer  delay  an  aflflrmative  response  to  the  re- 
quest of  the  Dutch.  In  May,  1747,  their  answer  was  made  known  to  them, 
the  letter  having  been  brought  by  Domine  Van  Sinderin.  Arrangements 
were  made  for  holding  their  first  meeting  on  the  second  Tuesday  of  Sep- 
tember.     The  first  German  Coetus  was  held  in  the  same  month. 


THE   PERIOD   OF   THE   COETUS. 

But  this  Dutch  Coetus  proved  to  be,  after  all,  an  inefficient  body.  Their 
powers  were  too  circumscribed.  It  could  not  ordain  without  special  per- 
mission in  each  case,  and  their  requests  were  sometimes  refused ;  neither 
could  it  finally  decide  in  any  matter.  Its  inability  to  promote  the  true  in- 
terests of  the  American  churches  was  deeply  felt.  Some  were  also  bitter 
opponents,  and  refused  to  recognize  its  authority.  In  the  mean  time  Coetus 
ordained  several  young  men.  These  American-made  ministers  generally 
spoke  with  warmth  of  an  independent  establishment.  They  were  also 
found  to  be  quite  as  acceptable  as  others.  They  argued  that  in  case  of  a 
protracted  war,  all  intercourse  would  be  cut  ofiF  with  Europe,  and  the 
churches  would  be  deprived  of  all  service.  As  it  was,  years  often  passed 
before  calls  sent  to  Holland  were  filled.  The  friends  of  independence  there- 
fore charged  the  mother  church  with  inconsistency  and  tyranny  in  refusing 


the  Church,  and  the  latter  to  be  the  first  president  of  the  college  established  by  the  Coetus 
party. 
*  ScMaiter''s  Life,  p.  43. 


8  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  AMERICA. 

to  grant  privileges,  which  were  claimed  on  admitted  principles  to  be  neces- 
sary to  her  own  government.  Rev.  John  Leydt  was  sent  as  a  delegate  to 
the  Coetus  of  Pennsylvania,  to  ask  them  to  unite  with  the  Dutch  Coetus, 
at  least  as  to  the  founding  of  a  Seminary.  But  the  Germans  declined  on 
account  of  their  recent  obligations  to  the  Church  in  Holland,  which  had  so 
carefully  cherished  and  liberally  aided  them.  But  a  moiety  if  not  more 
of  the  Hollanders  were  in  favor  of  independence,  and  some  of  the  Euro- 
pean ministers  indorsed  them.  A  strong  party  was  thus  formed,  and  the 
proposition  was  boldly  advocated  of  withdrawing  from  the  authority  of  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam,  and  organizing  an  American  Classis.  This  was 
officially  recommended  in  1753.* 


THE  AMERICAN   CLASSIS    VERSUS   THE   CONFERENTIE. 

The  next  year  a  plan  for  this  purpose  was  drafted,  adopted,  and  trans- 
mitted to  the  several  churches  for  ratification.  A  Classis  was  actually  or- 
ganized in  1755,  but  its  minutes  are  supposed  to  be  lost.  The  more  con- 
servative members  of  Coetus  now  indignantly  withdrew,  carrying  the 
minutes  of  Coetus  with  them,  (and  in  whose  book  they  henceforth  recorded 
their  own  acts,)  and  were  joined  by  those  who  had  never  adhered  to  the 
Coetus,  and  these  styled  themselves  the  Conferentie,  the  Dutch  word 
for  the  Latin  Coetus.  It  must,  however,  be  said  to  the  credit  of  the  Con- 
ferentie  that,  having  been  educated  in  the  universities  of  Europe,  they 
feared  it  would  be  impossible  to  prepare  a  suitable  ministry  here,  espe- 
cially for  the  Dutch,  surrounded  as  they  were  by  the  English  language 
and  laws.  Yet,  in  1765,  they  formally  adopted,  as  their  own,  the  original 
constitution  of  the  Coetus,  written  a  generation  before. 

Their  letters  are  very  bitter  against  the  Coetus,  charging  its  members 
with  many  ecclesiastical  irregularities.  Their  real  offense,  however,  was, 
that  they  were  determined  to  have  an  independent  American  Church,  and 
American  institutions  of  learning.  The  animosity  became  very  bitter; 
churches  were  often  divided,  and  neighboring  ministers  at  variance.  The 
Conferentie  were  also  guilty  of  gross  ecclesiastical  irregularities.  (Meyer, 
H.) 

The  civil  government,  also,  for  some  time  had  been  growing  uneasy  in 
view  of  the  increasing  number  and  influence  of  the  non-conforming  churches. 
The  provincial  government  made  it  a  matter  of  official  communication  to 
the  home  government.  Ministers  were  required  to  take  the  oath  of  fidel- 
ity to  the  king  of  Great  Britain,  abjuring  all  allegiance,  civil  or  ecclesias- 
tical, to  any  other  power.  And  although  this  had  been  the  case  for  a  long 
time,  the  American  party  noAV  took  advantage  of  it  to  help  their  cause. 

*  To  defeat  these  radical  plans,  Domines  Ritzema  and  De  Ronde,  the  leading  spirits  in  the 
opposition,  procured  the  insertion  of  a  clause  in  the  charter  of  Kings  (now  Columbia)  College, 
in  1754,  giving  the  Consistory  of  the  Church  in  New- York  the  right  to  appoint  a  Theological 
Professor  in  that  Institution.    (Theological  Seminary.) 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA,  9 

They  declared  lliat  the  required  oath  to  Great  Britain  was  inconsistent 
with  their  allegiance  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  Prudent  members  of 
both  parties  were  sadly  grieved  at  this  state  of  things.  The  very  existence 
of  the  church  was  threatened.  The  evil  seemed  to  be,  without  remedy,  as 
both  parties  were  tenacious.  Many  who  hated  discord  joined  other  de- 
nominations. 

The  call  of  Doniine  Laidlie  to  preach  in  English,  was  considered  as  an- 
other dreadful  innovation,  although  the  younger  generation  in  New-York  and 
vicinit)"-  could  not  understand  Dutch  preaching.  Yet  Dr.  Livingston  sub- 
sequently declared  that  this  step  should  have  been  taken  a  century  before. 
And  then  the  procurement  of  a  charter,  by  the  Coetus  party,  for  Queen's 
College,  from  Governor  Franklin  of  New-Jersey,  for  the  express  purpose  of 
preparing  young  men  for  the  ministry — this  last  act  seemed  to  preclude  all 
possible  overtures  between  the  opposite  parties. 

PROVIDENCE. 

But  in  the  mean  time  God  was  preparing  the  way  for  a  reconciliation. 
The  best  judges  felt  that  the  basis  of  any  reconciliation  must  be  laid  in 
Holland.  A  happy  train  of  circumstances  secured  the  desired  result.  In 
17G6,  John  II.  Livingston  had  gone  to  Holland  to  pursue  his  studies  for  the 
ministry.  He  was  grieved  with  the  dissensions  at  home.  The  true  state  of 
the  case,  the  conditions  of  American  society,  and  the  necessity  for  ecclesi- 
astic d  power  were  not  accurately  understood  in  Holland.  He  took  special 
pains  to  acquaint  the  members  of  the  Classis,  privately,  with  the  state  of 
the  fiicts.  The  Conferentie  would  yield  to  the  recommendation  of  the 
Classis,  and  the  Coetus  of  course  would  be  satisfied  with  what  should 
accord  substantially  with  their  own  principles.  He  prevailed  upon  the 
Synod  of  North-Holland  to  delegate  full  powers  to  the  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam to  settle  the  whole  matter.  This  simplified  the  business.  He  then 
prepared  a  plan  of  union,  which  the  Classis  approved.  The  members  of 
Classis  also  promised,  by  private  correspondence  with  the  leaders  of  the 
Conferentie  party,  to  smooth  the  way.  Mr.  Livingston  was  called  to  the 
church  in  New-York,  and  in  1770  returned  with  the  plan  of  union.  He 
judged  it  prudent  to  unfold  at  first  only  the  outlines  of  the  plan.  It  met 
with  a  favorable  reception,  and  he  was  encouraged  to  proceed.  He  pro- 
posed to  the  Consistory  of  New-York,  which  had  been  comparativelj'^  neutral 
in  the  strife,  to  invitf^  all  the  churches  to  send  delegates  to  a  convention,  to 
be  held  in  the  city  for  the  express  purpose  of  healing  the  divisions,  and 
forming  a  plan  of  union  and  general  peace. 

UNITY   RESTORED. 

In  October,  1771,  twenty-two  ministers  and  twenty-five  elders,  repre- 
senting thirty-four  churches,  met  in  kindly  spirit,  with  a  real  desire  for 
peace.     There  Avere  at  this  time  about  ninety  churches,  and  thirty-four 


10  TUE    EEFOEMED    CHUKCH    IN   AMERICA. 

ministers.  A  committee  of  twelve  was  appointed,  of  equal  numbers  from 
both  parties  and  from  the  neutrals,  when  the  plan  brought  from  Holland, 
and  already  indorsed  provisionally,  was  presented  and  adopted  as  a  basis 
of  union.  This  plan  related  to  the  internal  arrangement  and  government 
of  the  churches,  the  healing  of  the  differences,  and  the  restoration  of  peace 
and  union,  as  well  as  the  conducting  of  a  correspondence  with  the  mother 
church  in  Holland.  It  made  arrangements  for  the  organization  of  one 
General  and  five  Particular  bodies ;  or,  in  other  words,  a  Synod  and  five 
Classes.  The  licensing  and  ordaining  poioer  was  at  length  given  to  this  as- 
sembly, with  the  understanding  that  the  names  of  all  ministers  were  to  be 
transmitted  to  Holland  for  registration,  with  a  yearly  copy  of  the  acts  of 
the  Synod ;  and  appeals  could  yet  be  carried  to  Holland.  This  was,  how- 
ever, never  done.  One  or  more  professors  were  to  be  chosen  from  the 
Netherlands,  upon  the  advice  of  Classis,  (Theological  Seminary,)  who 
were  to  have  no  connection  with  any  English  academies.  These  Articles 
of  Unioti  were  to  be  binding  only  after  their  ratification  by  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam. 

This  plan  was  transmitted  to  Holland,  and  an  answer  was  received  in 
October,  1772,  entirely  approving  it. 

THE  LETTER  OF  THE  CLASSIS  OF  AMSTERDAM. 

To  the  Gonvenlion  of  United  Brethren,  Ministers,  and  Elders  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 

Churches  in  New-  York  and  Hew- Jersey. 

Reverend  and  Much  respected  Brethren  :  We  received  your  friendly  letter, 
with  the  accompanying  documents,  dated  October  18th,  just  previous  to  the  close 
of  the  year,  and  in  season  to  present  them  at  the  first  Classical  meeting  in  the  new 
year,  that  they  might  take  them  into  consideration,  and  communicate  the  result  of 
their  deliberations  as  speedily  as  practicable.  We  have  learned  from  the  docu- 
ments you  have  sent  to  us,  with  great  joy,  that  the  God  of  peace  has  inclined  the 
hearts  of  the  brethren,  long  divided  by  unhappy  contention,  to  seek  delightful  peace 
and  i-eunion  iu  brotherly  love;  so  that,  by  the  friendly  invitation  of  the  Consistory 
of  the  Church  in  New-York,  most  of  them  assembled  in  that  city,  and,  after  a  ses- 
sion of  four  days,  were  reconciled  and  united  to  each  other.  We  also  learn  that 
the  absent  brethren,  mostly  prevented  by  circumstances  of  a  domestic  nature,  have 
given  the  assured  hope  that  they  will  be  satisfied  with  the  plan  of  union.  We  have 
not  in  a  long  time  been  so  much  rejoiced  by  gratifying  intelligence  from  our 
churches  in  foreign  lands  as  by  that  now  received  from  you,  which  is  "good  tidings 
from  a  far  country,"  like  water,  refreshing  to  our  souls,  weary  and  thirsty  by  rea- 
son of  our  former  correspondence  in  relation  to  existing  difficulties.  Well  may  we, 
in  the  congregation  of  God's  people,  offer  up  our  joyful  songs  of  praise  to  the  God 
of  peace.  We  desire,  with  our  whole  hearts,  and  in  pure,  disinterested  love  to  the 
brethren  and  the  church,  that  this  peace  and  union  may  be  universal,  and  prove 
perpetual.  The  pious  zeal  of  the  Consistory  of  New-York ;  the  willingness  and 
readiness  of  the  bretliren  to  respond  to  their  invitation  to  assemble  in  convention ; 
the  pious  and  edifying  character  of  their  deliberations  during  their  session  of  four 
days ;  and  the  declared  assent  of  most  of  their  absent  brethren,  conspire  to  warrant 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IX   AMKRICA.  11 

the  well-grounded  hope  that  such  will  he  the  result.  In  order  speedily  to  confirm 
and  bring  to  conclusion  this  sucred  work  of  peace,  and  to  allow  no  languor  or  delay, 
we  have  in  our  Classical  meeting  attentively  read  and  maturely  considered  the  pro- 
posed articles,  adopted  by  the  brethren  present  as  a  basis  of  union.  These  articles 
essentially  correspond  with  the  plan  heretofore  proposed  by  us,  and  appear  to  be 
wisely  adapted  to  the  peculiar  circumstances  and  condition  of  the  churches  of  New- 
York  and  New-Jersey.  The  Classis,  cordially  desirous  to  see  peace  and  harmony 
restored  and  cstablif^hed  among  their  brethren  in  the  common  faith  in  America, 
wish  it  to  be  extensively  jniblished,  that  they  have  heartily  and  unanimously  ap- 
proved the  plan  of  union,  without  proposing  any  alteration  or  addition ;  and  they 
express  their  ardent  hope  that  the  brethren  not  present  at  the  convention  lately 
held  in  New-York,  may  be  animated  with  the  same  zeal  for  the  attainment  of  peace 
and  harmony,  and  adopt  the  plan  of  union  Mithout  suggesting  any  material  altera- 
tion. 

We  trust  that  our  full  approbation  will  tend  to  promote  this  most  desirable  end 
in  your  entire  unanimity.  Still,  the  general  convention  of  the  united  brethren  and 
churches  not  only  claims  the  freedom,  but  (according  to  the  import  of  the  articles 
now  approved  by  us)  feels  itself  bound  further  to  make  such  stipulations  and  addi- 
tions as  the  interests  and  welfare  of  the  churches  may  require.  We,  therefore,  re- 
quest the  brethren  who  have  signed  the  articles  of  the  plan  of  union  (having  entire 
confidence  in  their  love  of  and  devotion  to  the  cause  of  peace)  to  employ  all  their 
efforts  for  the  accomplishment  of  the  proposed  object,  and  especially  to  seek  the  re- 
conciliation of  the  church  at  Kingston  with  their  minister,  Rev.  H.  Meyer.  Wc  are 
rejoiced  to  hear  that  he  yielded,  with  the  other  brethren,  his  full  approbation  to  the 
articles  of  union,  and  hope  that  the  reconciliation  between  him  and  the  church  may 
soon  be  effected,  through  the  kind  mediation  of  the  brethren,  unto  mutual  satisfac- 
tion and  rejoicing.  We  cheer  ourselves  with  the  hope  which  you  have  expressed  to 
us,  that  when  our  ready  and  full  approbation  of  the  articles  of  union  shall  be  sent 
to  those  particular  churches  which  have  not  signed  them,  it  will  exert  such  a  strong 
influence  as  to  lead  to  their  acquiescence  and  approbation.  Thus,  a  speedy  adop- 
tion of  the  articles  as  conditions  of  peace,  will,  before  long,  bring  to  an  end  all  divi- 
sions and  dissentions,  cause  them  to  be  ever  forgotten,  and  unite  the  hearts  of  the 
brethren  so  closely  that  they  shall  continually  remain  a  well-cemented  body,  abid- 
ing in  one  spirit,  and  with  one  accord  striving  for  the  faith  of  the  Gospel.  Thus 
shall  the  mother  church  of  the  Netherlands  remain  in  close  connection  with  her 
daughter  dwelling  in  a  distant  country,  in  the  unity  of  faith  and  love,  and  built  on 
one  common  constitution.  Thus,  also,  the  churches  of  New-York  and  New-Jersey 
may  successfully  appeal  to  the  civil  authorities,  with  good  hope  of  success,  for  the 
maintenance  of  their  ecclesiastical  freedom  and  privilege?,  preserving  fully  the  cha- 
racter of  Reformed  Dutch  Churches,  as  originally  organized.  Thus  may  our  Re- 
formed Church  in  your  land,  in  the  midst  of  so  many  denominations  as  surround 
her,  exhibit  the  beautiful  and  attractive  appearance  of  the  Lamb's  bridal  church, 
"Fair  as  the  moon,  clear  as  the  sun,  and  terrible  as  an  army  with  banners."  Over 
your  peaceful  church,  animated  by  truth  and  love,  inseparable,  united,  God  will 
command  his  "  blessing,  even  life  for  evermore,"  even  as  "  on  a  habitation  of  righte- 
ousness and  a  mountain  of  holiness,"  the  fragrance  of  which  shall  spread  all  around, 
and  attract  many  to  her  communion,  as  members  of  the  "  one  body  in  Christ." 
Nothing  can  prove  more  delightful  to  us  who  have,  with  a  disinterested  spirit, 
strongly  exhorted  the  brethren  to  a  reconciliation  and  union,  and,  at  the  same  time, 


12  THE   EEFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA. 

to  a  close  correspondence  with  the  Reformed  Church  of  Holland,  and  continued  at- 
tachment to  her  faith  and  order,  than  henceforth  to  see  tlie  churches  of  New-York 
and  New-Jersey  a  true  Philadelphia,  where  the  Lord  loves  to  dwell.  For  this  end 
we  entreat,  in  behalf  of  the  brethren  and  churches,  the  direction  of  the  "  wisdom 
•which  is  from  above,  which  is  first  pure,  then  peaceable,  gentle,  easy  to  be  entreat- 
ed, full  of  good  fruits,  without  partiality,  and  without  hypocrisy."  May  the  hearts 
of  all  flow  together  into  one,  and  be  bound  together  in  love,  which  is  the  bond  of 
perfcclness.  Thus,  "  the  fruit  of  righteousness  shall  be  sown  in  peace  of  them 
that  make  peace;"  yea,  the  God  of  peace  shall  impart  the  earnest  of  salvation  to 
those  on  whom  he  pronounces  the  blessedness  of  the  peacemaker,  and  furnish 
therein  the  evidence  of  their  heavenly  sonship.  Commending  you  to  God's  manifold 
and  best  blessing  for  this  and  continued  years,  yourselves,  your  families,  your 
cliurches,  and  ecclesiastical  assemblies, 

We  remain,  reverend  and  respected  brethren,  with  true  brotherly  love  and  re- 
gard, your  fellow-servants  and  bretliren  in  Christ, 

N.  Tetterode, 
V.D.M.  Amst.  et  Deputatorum  Classis  ad  res  exteras,  Praeses. 

JOHANNIS  ArN.  EcK, 

V.D.M.  Amst.  ct  Dep.  Classis  ad  res  exteras,  Scriba. 
Amsterdam:   Done  in  Classical  Session,  Jan.  14,  1'772. 

A  few  minister.s  and  churches,  however,  continued  to  stand  aloof  from 
this  union  for  several  years.  But  in  the  main,  harmony  was  restored  and 
the  parties  cordially  cooperated.  Students  began  to  increase  and  churches 
were  multiplied.  The  Revolution  delayed  the  consummation  of  the  Pro- 
fessorship, but  hardly  affected  tlie  steady  increase  of  ministers  and  churches. 
During  this  third  period  this  increase  was  especially  marked.  For  four 
decades  before  any  attempts  to  secure  self-government  had  been  made,  the 
new  church  organizations  averaged  only  seven  a  decade.  But  with  the 
six  decades  beginning  with  1730,  the  average  is  double,  though  this  includes 
the  period  of  bitter  party  strife  and  of  the  Revolution.  And  in  the  minis- 
try the  increase  is  still  more  striking.  For  forty  years  before  1730,  the 
additions  averaged  only  seven  per  decade ;  but  for  the  next  six  decades, 
the  average  rises  to  seventeen.  IIow  suicidal  was  the  policy  of  the  Oon- 
fcrcntic,  which  would  have  left  the  Church  dependent  and  un-Ameri- 
canized  ! 

The  duties  of  the  Assembly  or  Synod,  which  had  been  formed  by  the 
articles  of  union  in  1771,  were  necessarily  somewhat  indefinite.  It  was  a 
transition  period.  The  articles  themselves  betray  the  extreme  delicacy 
with  which  every  thing  had  to  be  treated.  Moreover,  our  own  Revolution, 
and  tiie  French  Revolution  so  soon  succeeding  it,  effectually  broke  off  the 
correspondence  with  Holland,  no  official  letters  being  received  for  thirty 
years,  excepting  in  the  brief  interval,  1784-7,  in  which  three  were  received. 
Hence  it  appears  that  the  American  churches  did  not  become  independent 
any  too  soon,  as  circumstances  rendered  any  effectual  oversight  entirely 
impracticable  for  the  whole  of  the  next  generation. 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA.  13 


FURTHER  DEVELOPMENT. 

This  circumstance,  partly,  together  with  the  changed  aspect  of  all  their 
relations  after  the  Revolution,  compelled  them  now  to  organize  tlie  Cliurch 
more  completely.  With  the  constant  growth,  and  opening  prospects,  and 
call  for  laborers,  as  well  as  their  new  relations  to  the  new  civil  government 
of  the  country,  they  felt  that  their  true  status  must  bo  known.  The  Arti- 
cles of  Union,  in  1V71,  were  only  intended  to  subserve  a  temporary  pur- 
pose, as  was  now  asserted.  Most  of  the  denominations  had  already  pub- 
lished their  symbols  and  forms  of  government.  A  committee  was  accord- 
ingly appointed,  in  1788,  to  translate  the  Symbols  of  the  Church  and  the 
Articles  of  Church  Government  as  used  in  the  Reformed  Church  in  Hol- 
land. In  reference  to  the  latter,  some  modifications  were  found  to  be  ne- 
cessary, and  explanatory  articles  were  accordingly  attached,  which  articles 
became  the  basis  of  the  government  of  the  Church  in  tb.is  countr}'.  The 
Synod  reviewed  the  whole  work  seriatim  in  1792,  and  adopted  it.  This 
constitution  provided  for  a  General  Synod,  entirely  independent,  which 
was  duly  organized  on  June  3d,  1794,  to  meet  triennially.  It  was  a  con- 
ventional body,  consisting  of  all  the  ministers,  with  each  an  elder,  and  an 
elder  from  every  vacant  church,  while  the  old  original  Sj'nod  took  now  the 
name  of  a  Particular  Synod,*  and  consisted  of  two  ministers  and  two  elders 
from  each  Classis.  For  a  decade  before  this  time  the  terms  General  and 
Particular  had  been  indiscriminately  applied  to  the  old  Synod. 

During  this  third  period  of  strife  and  organization  no  less  than  ninety 
new  churches  were  organized,  and  eighty-eight  ministers  began  their  labors 
among  them.  Some  few  of  these  organizations  were  party  affairs,  which 
in  time  reunited  with  the  churches  from  which  they  sprang.  Manj'  of 
these  ministers  also  only  continued  for  a  short  time.  At  the  adoption  of 
the  constitution,  there  existed  about  one  hundred  and  thirty  churches  and 
fifty  ministers. 

THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   AMONG   THE   GERMANS. 

During  this  same  period  (1737-92)  the  Reformed  Church  among  the 
Germans  was  consolidated  and  organized  into  a  Coetus  by  Schlatter. 
(SciiLATTEK.)  He  found  forty-six  churches,  but  only  four  regularly  or- 
dained ministers.  (Dorstius,  Boehm,  Weiss,  Reigek.)  The  people  were 
sadly  destitute.  Their  settlements  extended  from  the  Delaware  beyond 
the  Potomac.  He  laboriously  itinerated  among  these  churches,  and  brought 
order  out  of  chaos.  The  regular  supervision  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam 
over  the  German  churches  here  properly  begins,  although  it  was  greatly 
interrupted  by  the  French  and  Indian  ^-ars.  During  the  first  four  years 
after  Schlatter's  arrival,  only  four  new  ministers  arrived.     (Steinek,  Bau- 

*  Originally  the  Particular  Synods  consisted  of  all  the  ministers,  with  an  elder  from  each 
church,  of  four  neighboring  classes.— .47-<.  Dart.  47. 


14  THE    KEFORJIKD    CIIUKCII    IN   AMEEICA. 

THOLOMADS,  Leidicii,  IIociikeutinek.)  But  in  1751  a  new  life  was  given  to 
the  German  churches  by  Schlatter's  visit  to  Europe.  His  report  on  these 
churches  and  the  appeal  which  he  made,  which  was  printed,  secured 
£12,000  for  the  benefit  oC  tliese  poor  churches,  besides  seven  hundred 
Bibles.  Says  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  in  this  year,  "  The  impulse  of  zeal 
and  love  in  our  Christian  Synods  and  lower  judicatories,  and  private  mem- 
bers, seemed  to  be  wrought  up  even  to  emulation  in  the  good  work  of  re- 
lieving these  necessities."  Twenty  thousand  pounds  additional  were  sub- 
scribed by  George  II.  and  the  nobility  of  Great  Britain.  These  moneys 
constituted  a  fund  for  the  support  of  ministers  and  schools.  Six  ministers 
returned  with  Mr.  S.  to  America.  (Otteriiein,  Stoy,  Waldschmid,  Fkank- 
ENFELD,  RuBEL,  "WissLER.)  He  held  his  position  as  General  Superintendent 
of  these  churches  for  eleven  years. 

But  it  was  said  that  the  wonderfully  liberal  contributions  in  Great  Britain 
were  made  from  political  reasons,  lest  the  Germans,  increasing  so  rapidly, 
should  become  restive  under  English  rule.  Their  power  was  alread}^  felt 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  gave  a  distinct  shade  to  legislation.  They  solidly 
voted  to  continue  the  Quakers  in  the  Assembly  of  the  State,  and  thus  pre- 
vent a  declaration  of  war  against  the  French.  They  were  also  accused 
(1750-60)  of  Romanizing  tendencies.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  had  their 
fears  excited,  but  Rev.  William  Stoy,  in  behalf  of  Coetus,  wrote  to  them, 
allaying  their  anxieties.  Great  attempts  were  made  at  this  time  to  Angli- 
cize these  Germans,  on  account  of  political  fears.  The  free-school  scheme, 
therefore,  founded  largely  on  British  benevolence,  began  to  be  looked  upon 
as  a  political  movement.  Mr.  Saurs,  editor  of  a  German  paper  at  German- 
town,  gave  the  alarm,  and  many  agreed  with  him.  The  school  plan  was 
thus  crippled,  and  even  Mr.  Schlatter  did  not  escape  suspicion.  The  Ger- 
mans were  made  indignant  that  they  had  been  represented  (as  they  were 
told)  as  so  ignorant  and  rebellious  that  they  needed  a  foreign  charitable 
fund.  At  first  the  German  Coetus  vindicated  this  British  school-fund  as 
necessary,  but  afterward  had  reason  to  suspect  political  designs;  for  teachers 
not  in  accordance  with  the  Reformed  or  Lutlieran  faith  were  appointed,  and 
they  seemed  intent  on  forcing  the  English  language  on  the  children,  which 
their  fathers  did  not  approve.  It  is  said  that  a  part  of  these  funds  after- 
ward went  into  the  hands  of  the  trustees  of  the  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia. (See  Schlatter's  Life,  p.  303.)  Yet  eight  German  schools  and  one 
Presbyterian  are  found  in  17G0  receiving  help  from  this  British  fund.  The 
help  ceased  after  17G2. 

About  one  hundred  ministers  were  or  had  been  in  connection  with  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  who  labored  in  the  German  churches.  In  1792, 
they  declared  themselves  ecclesiastically  independent  —  a  movement,  no 
doubt,  having  some  connection  with  the  coincident  independence  of  the 
Dutch  churches.  Their  old  Coetus  continued  down  to  the  year  1816, 
when  they  organized  their  Synod. 


THE    TwEFOIiMED   CIIUKCU    IN   AMEKICA.  15 


THE   AMERICAN   REFORMED   CHURCH— 1792. 

The  Constitution  now  adopted  in  the  shape  of  explanatory  articles,  and 
printed  as  an  appendix  to  the  original  Articles  of  the  Synod  of  Dort,  re- 
mained in  this  form  for  forty  years.  A  connnittee  of  revision  was  then 
appointed,  and  their  work,  with  the  addition  of  a  few  amendments,  is  our 
present  Constitution.  The  Symbols  of  the  Church  arc  also  included  as  a 
part  of  the  Constitution.  But,  strange  to  say,  the  exact  name  of  the  Church 
was  not  originally  accurately  fixed  in  this  instnunent.  The  Church  had 
been  planted  in  this  country  as  a  colonj^  of  tlie  Reformed  Church  of  the 
Netherlands,  and  as  such  she  was  known  for  about  a  century  and  a  half. 
In  the  mean  time,  with  the  surrender  to  the  English,  by  English  usage,  the 
word  Dutch  became  attached  to  her  name.  In  1818,  the  General  Synod 
was  incorporated  under  the  title  of  "The  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch 
Church.''  In  her  ecclesiastical  records,  however,  the  word  Protestant  was 
not  used  till  1840,  when  it  was  adopted  by  resolution.  After  much  confu- 
sion of  ecclesiastical  and  civil  legislation,  as  well  as  of  popular  and  ecclesi- 
astical usage,  and  when  fully  convinced  of  the  undesirableness  of  a  foreign 
patrial  adjective,  in  1867,  she  returned  to  her  original  name  which  she  had 
brought  to  this  continent  nearly  a  century  in  advance  of  any  other  denomi- 
nation, and  called  herself  "The  Reforjied  Church  in  Ameuica."  This 
constitutional  amendment  was  adopted  by  a  well-nigh  unanimous  vote.* 


THE   PROFESSORSHIP. 

A  Professor  of  Theology  was  chosen  in  1784,  and  assistants  were  ap- 
pointed from  time  to  time,  who  delivered  lectures  in  their  own  localities. 
After  various  ineffectual  efforts  to  secure  a  proper  endowment,  the  Profes- 
sorship was  merged  in  Queen's  College,  bj'-  a  covenant  between  the  Synod 
and  the  trustees  of  that  institution.  In  the  year  1825,  for  the  first,  the 
Church  possessed  three  Theological  Professors,  and  the  institution  was 
considered  as  fully  organized.  Additional  articles  of  agreement  were  now 
entered  into  with  the  Trustees,  by  which  a  Theological  College  was  organ- 
ized, and  the  name  changed  from  Queen's  to  Rutgers.  Three  years  later, 
a  Board  of  Education  was  established,  to  care  for' beneficiaries.  In  18G5, 
another  Theological  Professorship  was  added,  and  the  covenant  between 
the  Synod  and  the  Trustees  of  Rutgers  College  formally  annulled.  The 
following  year,  Hope  College  was  organized  in  Holland,  Michigan,  and  in  a 
twelvemonth  more,  a  Theological  Seminary  in  the  same  place.  (Theologi- 
cal Seminakies,  Colleges.) 

• 

*  See  the  able  article  on  the  history  of  the  name  in  the  Appendix  to  Minutes  of  General 
Synod,  1S07. 


16  THE   REFORMED  CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

CHURCH  EXTENSION. 

One  of  the  first  acts  of  the  newly  organized  and  now  completely  inde- 
pendent General  Synod  was  to  appoint  a  committee  to  seek  a  union  with 
the  other  branch  of  the  Reformed  Church,  the  German.  But  no  report 
from  this  committee  appears.  Soon  after  the  Revolution,  the  work  of 
church  extension  was  inaugurated,  but  the  impoverished  condition  of  the 
country  greatly  embarrassed  operations.  The  first  voluntary  collections 
now  began  to  be  taken.  Applications  for  preachers  came  from  Central 
New-York,  Canada,  the  Delaware  and  Susquehanna  regions,  Virginia,  and 
even  Kentucky.  The  first  church  organized  through  these  efforts  was  at 
Chenango,  (near  Binghamton,)  New-York,  in  1794. 

These  operations  of  the  Church  passed  through  several  systems  of  expe- 
riment until  our  present  Board  of  Domestic  Missions  vi^as  organized,  in 
1832.  In  the  mean  time,  however,  by  the  preceding  efforts  chiefly,  about 
one  hundred  and  seventy-five  churches  had  been  organized,  mostly  in  the 
outskirts  of  the  old  settlements  and  in  Central  New-York.  A  number  of 
these,  however,  did  not  long  survive,  from  lack  of  ministers  to  supply  them 
and  members  to  sustain  them.  Yet  in  this  same  period  (1786-1832)  no 
less  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  ministers  had  begun  to  labor  in  the  de- 
nomination. Since  1832,  more  than  three  hundred  churches  have  been 
organized.  About  half  of  these  were  organized  in  the  single  decade  1850- 
60.  Ten  thousand  Hollanders  in  the  last  quarter  of  a  century,  (a  number 
equal  to  the  original  colonists  at  the  time  of  the  surrender  to  the  English, 
in  16G4,)  have  settled  in  Michigan  and  adjoining  States,  and  are  largely  in 
our  denomination.  Since  1832,  about  eight  hundred  ministers  have  begun 
to  labor  in  our  churches,  of  whom  nearly  five  hundred  novi'  remain.  (Do- 
mestic Missions.) 

FOREIGN   MISSIONS. 

In  the  work  of  Foreign  Missions  also  there  has  been  constant  progress. 
In  1817,  the  General  Synod  united  with  the  Associate  Reformed  and  Pres- 
byterian Churches  in  organizing  "  The  United  Foreign  Missionary  Society," 
which,  in  182G,  merged  in  the  American  Board.  Dr.  John  Scudder  was 
the  pioneer  missionary  of  the  denomination,  going  to  Ceylon.  Rev.  David 
Abeel  was  our  pioneei  missionary  to  the  East-Indies  and  China.  In  1832, 
the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  was  established,  in  union  with  the  American 
Board.  Borneo,  India,  China,  and  Japan  have  been  the  fields  of  missionary 
operations.  The  three  latter  only  are  now  under  the  care  of  the  Reformed 
Church.  In  1857,  an  amicable  separation  was  effected  from  the  American 
Board.  Since  then  the  receipts  have  been  largely  increased.  Twenty-five 
or  more  churches  have  been  organized  on  the  foreign  field,  and  about  as 
many  stations  occupied,  and  about  forty  missionaries  have  been  employed, 
besides  female  teachers  and  native  helpers.     (Foreign  Missions.) 


THE   REFORMED    CUURCII    IN    AMERICA.  17 


THE   GERMAN  BRANCH— 1792. 

Since  their  independence  in  this  year,  they  have  steadily  increased,  espe- 
cially by  large  numbers  of  immigrants.  They  have  also  dropped  the  term 
"  German,"  and  now  call  themselves  "  The  Reformed  Church  in  the 
United  States."  Their  General  Synod  meets  triennially.  They  have 
three  District  Synods,  twenty-nine  Classes,  five  hundred  ministers,  and 
about  twelve  hundred  congregations.  They  labor  for  church  extension  at 
home,  but  have,  as  yet,  done  nothing  for  foreign  missions,  at  least  in  an 
organized  capacity.  They  have  six  colleges — namely,  at  Lancaster,  Mount 
Pleasant,  Meyerstown,  and  Mercersburg,  Pennsylvania  ;  TiflSn,  Ohio ; 
and  Newton,  North-Carolina ;  one  collegiate  institute  at  Reimersburg, 
Pennsylvania ;  and  two  theological  seminaries — namel}'',  at  Mercersburg 
and  Tiffin.  Their  contributions  for  benevolent  purposes  in  18G7  amounted 
to  $65,000. 


THE  MINISTRY. 


Abeel,  David,  (nephew  of  J.  N.  Abeel,)  b.  at  New-Brunswick,  1804 
N.B.S.  182G,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1826;  Athens,  N.Y.  182G-8,  Miss,  to  West- 
Indies,  Oct.  1828-Jul3S  '29,  supplied  Orchard  St.,  N.Y.C.  July-Oct., 
1829,  voyage  to  China,  Oct.  1829-Feb.  '30,  Chaplain  of  Seamen's 
Friends'  Soc.  Oct.  1829-Dec.  '30,  Miss,  of  A.B.C.F.M.  in  Java,  Dec.  1830 
-June,  '31,  Siam,  June,  1831-May,  '33,  voyage  to  London,  May-Oct. 
1833,  visits  France,  Holland,  Germany,  Prussia,  and  Switzerland,  in  the 
interests  of  Missions,  Oct.  1833-Sept.  '34,  visits  America,  Oct.  1884- 
Dec.  '36,  West-Indies,  Dec.  183G-May,  '37,  America,  May-Oct.  183T, 
voyage  to  China,  Oct.  1837-reb.  '38,  Macao,  Feb.  1838-May,  '41,  Siam, 
May-Oct.  1841,  Borneo,  Oct.  1841-Jan.  '42,  Kolongsoo,  (near  Amoy,) 
Jan.  1842-July,  '44,  Amoy,  July,  1844-Jan.  '45,  voyage  to  America, 
Jan.- April,  1845,  died  at  Albany,  Sept.  4,  1846. 

This  excellent  missionary  was  the  grandson  of  James  Abeel,  of  the  city  of 
New-York,  who  was  a  deputy  quai-terniaster  in  the  continental  army. 
David  sought  entrance,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  into  the  military  academy  at 
West-Point,  but  too  many  applicants  had  preceded  him.  He  then  studied 
medicine,  but,  as  the  light  of  grace  beamed  upon  his  mind,  he  benevolently 
turned  his  thoughts  to  the  duty  of  seeking  to  save  the  perishing.  Ills  spi- 
ritual exercises  were  very  powerful,  and  are  preserved  partially  in  a  diary. 
II«  entered  on  his  ministerial  duties  with  a  deep  sense  of  his  responsibility. 
He  struggled  in  prayer,  and  hoped  for  great  things,  and  was  not  disappoint- 
ed. A  general  revival  in  his  first  charge  gladdened  his  heart.  Failing 
health,  however,  soon  compelled  him  to  give  up  his  duties,  and  sail  to  the 
West-Indies.  But,  for  a  long  time,  he  had  reflected  on  the  wants  of  the 
heathen  world.  It  then,  also,  required  f\u-  more  courage  than  now  to  em- 
bark in  a  missionary  undertaking.  He  collected  intelligence,  and  prayer- 
fully pondered  the  subject.  At  length  the  way  opened,  and  he  sailed  as 
Chaplain  of  the  Seamen's  Friends'  Society ;  and,  after  reaching  China,  was 
transferred  to  the  American  Board.  He  traveled  in  various  parts  of  the 
East-Indies,  surveying  the  field,  acquiring  some  knowledge  of  the  dialects, 
and  assisting  the  missionaries  whom  he  found  there.  His  instructions  were 
to  ascertain  the  true  condition  of  affiiirs  in  Eastern  Asia,  and  to  report  to 
the  Board.  Hence  the  itinerant  character  of  the  record  of  his  labors.  And 
when  his  ill  health  compelled  him  to  visit  Europe  and  America,  he  excited 


20  THE     MINISTRY. 

much  interest  wherever  he  went,  by  the  reports  which  he  made.  His  second 
visit  and  residence  in  China  was  during  the  opium  war,  to  which  he  makes 
many  allusions. 

Mr.  Abeel  was  not  a  man  of  remarkable  power  of  intellect,  or  of  peculiar 
genius  ;  yet  his  mental  formation  was  characterized  by  solidity  and  strength. 
He  was  a  clear  and  close  thinker,  and  could  express  himself  with  discrimi- 
nation and  force.  He  sought  to  improve  his  talents  to  their  utmost,  that 
he  might  use  them  to  the  glory  of  God.  He  M'as  an  indefatigable  student, 
although  his  feeble  health  often  seriously  interfered  with  his  studies. 
While  a  master  of  his  mother  tongue,  he  was  also  critically  acquainted 
with  several  different  languages.  On  account  of  an  exquisitely  musical  ear, 
he  was  endowed  with  great  natural  capabilities  for  the  acquisition  of  the 
Chinese.     He  was  also  acquainted  with  the  Siamese  and  Malay  languages. 

As  a  preacher  his  discourses  were  clear  and  forcible.  He  was  not  given 
to  abstract  discussions  of  truth,  but  was  plain  and  practical.  While  in  the 
different  localities  abroad,  he  was  generally  chaplain  to  the  foreign  residents ; 
and  when  at  Kolongsoo,  of  the  British  army.  His  manner  in  the  pulpit 
was  unaffected,  but,  at  the  same  time,  winning  and  effective ;  and  the  musi- 
cal and  pleasing  intonations  of  his  voice  added  force  to  his  language. 

He  contributed  to  the  cause  of  missions  by  writing  an  account  of  his  re- 
sidence in  China  and  the  East,  (1835.)  He  also  published  The  Claims  of 
tlie  World  to  the  Go&pel^  (1839.)  His  Residence  in  China  discovers  a  quick 
apprehension,  and  a  just  perception  of  the  beautiful  and  repulsive,  in  nature 
and  in  morals.  The  other  bespeaks  close  discrimination,  accurate  represen- 
tation, with  candid  and  powerful  argumentation.  His  many  letters  from 
abroad,  published  in  the  Christian  Intelligencer,  are  full  of  interest.  He 
had  great  prudence,  energy,  and  correctness  of  judgment.  He  rose  above 
the  contracting  influence  of  prejudice,  and  always  embraced  expanded 
views  of  duty. 

While  delighted  in  the  pursuit  of  science  and  literature,  he  was  eminent- 
ly religious.  He  had  the  most  exalted  conceptions  of  the  work  of  sanctifi- 
cation  in  the  soul.  He  set  the  highest  standard  before  him — that  of  the 
Saviour  Himself.  He  set  high  value  on  the  private  duties  of  religion.  He 
was  an  ardent  student  of  the  Bible.  For  days  he  would  pore  over  some 
passage  or  chapter,  till  he  had  thoroughly  caught  its  spirit.  He  loved  to 
read  it  in  the  different  versions  as  well  as  in  the  original,  that  he  might 
find  new  beauties  and  thoughts.  He  was  also  a  man  of  prayer.  While  a 
student,  he  had  a  bower  to  which  he  retired  for  this  exercise.  It  was  in 
such  a  place  he  first  became  impressed  with  the  claims  of  the  heathen.  He 
drew  his  strength  directly  from  God,  and  owed  his  attainments  in  piety  to 
secret  prayer.  He  had  also  remarkable  habits  of  meditation  ;  not  that  he 
thereby  neglected  active  duties,  but  he  meditated  while  engaged  in  such 
duties. 

But  humility  was  the  crowning  beauty  of  his  character.  While  in  great 
danger  of  spiritual  pride,  on  account  of  his  acknowledged  piety,  yet  he 
only  valued  his  growth  in  grace,  as  God  enabled  him  to  exercise  childlike 


THE    JriNISTKY.  21 

humility.  And  all  these  attainments,  as  his  diary  abundantly  shows,  wore 
made  in  opposition  to  a  heart  of  wickedness.  His  spiritual  conflicts  were 
many  and  severe. 

He  also  had  most  exalted  views  of  Christian  duty  and  responsibility.  His 
piety  was  not  selfish.  Complete  self-consecration  to  the  service  of  the  Mas- 
ter, in  promoting  the  welfare  of  men,  was  his  high  and  holy  aim.  And  he 
sought  to  recommend  religion  by  his  life.  lie  cultivated  a  meek  temper  of 
mind,  abhorring  all  resentment  or  narrow-minded  feeling.  The  command- 
ing points  of  his  character  were  ennobled  and  strengthened,  while  the  selfish 
dispositions  were  corrected  and  restrained.  He  was  also  of  a  truly  Catholic 
spirit.  lie  could  hardly  recognize  the  dividing  lines  of  denominations.  He 
lamented  over  the  struggles  of  sectarianism  as  a  waste  of  precious  time 
and  a  perversion  of  talents,  while  thousands  were  perishing.  He  also  pos- 
sessed refinement  of  feeling  and  manner.  This  gave  him  much  influence  as 
a  missionary.  He  was  greeted  by  the  most  refined,  and  received  into  cir- 
cles of  powerful  influence.  He  himself,  it  is  said,  exerted  an  influence 
among  the  foreign  residents  of  the  East,  almost  as  much  as  one  of  official 
rank. 

It  is  believed  that  he  exerted  more  spiritual  good  in  his  private  inter- 
course with  men,  and  by  the  power  of  his  holy  life,  than  as  a  preacher.  All 
felt  that  it  was  a  privilege  to  entertain  him,  for  he  left  a  blessing  behind 
him.     He  was  the  founder  of  the  Amoy  Mission. — See  Williamson'' s  Memoir. 

Abeel,  Gcstayus,  (s.  of  J.  N.  Abeel.)  U.C.  1823,  N.B.S.  1824,  1.  CI. 
N.B.  1824 ;  English  Neighborhood,  182^8,  (also  Miss,  at  Hoboken,) 
Belleville,  1828-34,  Geneva,  1834-49,  Newark,  2d,  1849-64,  resigned, 
w.  c. 

Abeel,  John  N.,  b.  at  New- York,  1770,   C.N.J.   1787,   stud,  theol.  with 

Livingston  and  Witherspoon,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1794 ;  (Philadelphia,  Arch  st. 

Presb.,  1794-6,)  New- York,  1795-1812,  d. 

He  began  the  study  of  law,  but  in  about  a  year,  his  heart  having  been 
touched  by  Divine  grace,  he  forsook  his  first  choice  for  the  ministry.  He 
possessed  a  sound  understanding,  greatly  improved  by  diligent  application. 
His  manners  were  unusually  mild,  unassuming,  amiable,  and  winning. 
In  society  he  was  affable  and  communicative,  his  colloquial  talents  being 
extraordinary.  As  a  minister,  he  was  truly  eminent  He  had  industrious- 
ly cultivated  his  fine  natural  talents,  and  laid  up  large  stores  of  valuable 
information.  Few  have  possessed  so  nice  and  accurate  discernment.  His 
style  was  plain  and  simple,  the  strain  of  his  discourse  was  didactic,  and  he 
usually  preached  extemporaneously.  He  delighted  to  dwell  on  Christian 
experience,  in  which  he  was  always  animated  and  interesting,  rising  often 
to  uncommon  elegance  of  diction  and  to  true  eloquence. 

He  was  a  faithful  pastor,  and  the  inquiring,  the  tempted,  and  the  per- 
plexed confidently  sought  his  advice  and  instruction.  He  was  also  of  a 
truly  Catholic  spirit  toward  all  evangelical  Christians.  Yet  in  his  own  de- 
nomination, with  a  discrimination  which  few  have  possessed,  he  discerned 


22  THE     MINISTRY. 

the  path  of  her  true  interests,  and  employed  in  her  behalf  the  energy  of  his 
talents,  the  charms  of  his  eloquence,  the  weight  of  his  influence,  and  the 
efficacy  of  his  prayers.  It  was  principally  by  his  efforts  that  a  large  fund 
was  raised  for  the  fuller  endowment  of  the  Theological  Professorship  now 
about  to  be  located  at  New-Brunswick,  (1809.)  Indeed,  while  laboring  for 
this  end  that  disease  was  induced  which  terminated  his  life.  But  thereby 
the  institution  was  founded  on  a  permanent  basis. 

He  deserved  to  be  loved,  and  he  was  loved  of  all.  His  people  furnished 
him  ample  means  to  undertake  voyages  for  the  recovery  of  his  health.  He 
was  a  principal  agent  in  promoting  a  revival  of  religion  in  New- York, 
greater  than  had  been  known  since  the  days  of  Laidlie.  He  refused  offers 
and  invitations  to  Boston  and  Philadelphia,  and  to  the  Presidency  of  Union 
College.  His  health  began  to  fail  in  1809.  He  spent  one  winter  in  South- 
Carolina  and  made  a  voyage  to  Rio  Janeiro,  but  all  liis  efforts  and  the  best 
medical  skill  proved  unavailing. 

Abell,  Jas.     Chittenango,  1840-54,  Waterloo,  1856-7,  emeritus,  d.  1867.  , 

AcKEKMAN,  Edward  G.     R.O.  1866,  theolog.  student  in  N.B.S. 

Ackerson,  John  H.      N.B.S.  1839,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1839;  Columbia,  1841-2, 
Schaghticoke,  1842-4,  w.  c.  1844-6,  susp.  1847,  dep.  1848. 

Alburtis,  (or  Burtis,)  John,  b.  179. .,  N.B.S.  1817,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1817. 

Allen,  John  K.,  (s.  of  P.  Allen.)     B.C.  1865,  N.B.S.  1868,  1.  CI.  N.B. 
1868  ;   Iloboken,  1868— 

Allen,  Peter,  b.  in  Columbia  Co.  N.Y.  1808,  N.B.S.  1837,  1.  CI.  Pough- 

keepsie,    1837 ;    West  New-Hempstead   and   Ramapo,'  1837-53,    West 

New-IIempstead,  1853-62,  d. 

At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  made  a  public  profession  of  his  faith.  He  soon 
after  had  a  strong  desire  to  enter  the  ministry,  but  his  early  education  be- 
ing quite  imperfect,  and  his  means  of  improving  it  limited,  he  tried  long  to 
dismiss  the  idea.  But  it  was  of  the  Lord,  who  providentially  opened  the 
way  for  his  subsequent  instruction  in  the  classics,  under  the  care  of  Rev. 
I.  N.  Wyckoff,  then  of  Catskill. 

"  He  was  a  good  man,  and  full  of  the  Holy  Ghost  and  of  faith."  He  pos- 
sessed that  "meek  and  quiet  spirit  which  in  the  sight  of  God  is  of  great 
price."  "  In  his  tongue  was  the  law  of  kindness,"  and  he  had  imbibed 
nuich  of  his  Master's  meek  and  lowly  spirit.  Like  Nathanael,  it  might  be 
said  of  him,  "  Behold  an  Israelite  indeed  in  whom  is  no  guile."  He  was 
a  man  of  prayer,  and  in  this  was  the  secret  of  his  patient  toil  and  un- 
wearied perseverance  amid  the  many  trials  and  discouragements  of  his 
ministry. 

For  si.vteen  years  he  performed  the  arduous  duties  of  a  double  charge. 
In  many  respects  his  field  of  labor  was  discouraging,  but  he  learned  to 
toil  on,  relying  on  the  faithful  promise  of  his  Lord.     Convinced  that  duty 


THE     MINISTRY.  23 

was  his,  he  had  no  ilifliculty  in  leaving  results  with  his  ^^aster.  He  coiiM 
sow  weeping,  and  wait  with  unmurmuring  patience  for  the  harvest.  He 
was  always  at  his  post,  engrossed  heart  and  hands  in  the  work  of  saving 
souls,  comfprting  the  afflicted,  and  edifying  the  body  of  Christ. 

For  months  before  his  death  he  felt  his  work  was  near  its  close,  but  was 
able  to  preach  almost  to  the  last.  His  end  was  just  such  as  we  would  ex- 
pect to  follow  so  humble  and  godly  a  life.  Patiently  and  peacefully  he 
waited  his  Lord's  coming,  and  died  in  joyous  hope  of  a  blessed  immor- 
tality.—/. //.  D. 

Alliger,  John  B.     R.C.  1835,,  N.B.S.  1840,  I.  CI.  Ulster,  1840;  Clove, 
N.Y.  1840-3,  Shawangunk,  1843-50,  Jamaica,  1851— 

[Alsentz,  John  George,  c.  to  America,  1757,  Germantown,  Pa.  1757-G2, 

also  supplying  Amwell,  N.J.  17C0,  AVentz's  Ch.,  Pa.   17G2-9,  d.   See 

HarliaugKs  Llvc8.'\ 
Ambler,  Jas.  B.,  b.  in  England,  1797;  1.  1816;  (Bradford,  Eng.  1816-8,) 

c.  to  America,  1818,  (Prcsbyt.  1818-33,)  in  Ref.  Ch.  1833-48,  d. 

His  ministry  was  extended  through  the  northern  and  central  portions  of 
New- York  till  about  1833,  when  he  connected  himself  with  the  Reformed 
Church.  He  commanded  the  utmost  esteem  for  the  sincerity  of  his  piety  and 
his  untiring  zeal.  His  ministrations  were  effective  and  successful.  He  was 
eloquent  and  dignified  in  his  delivery,  attentive  as  a  pastor,  and  changeless 
as  a  friend.  His  labors  in  New-York  State  and  City  and  in  St.  John's 
(N.B.)  were  very  successful. 

Amerman,  Jas.  L.  N.Y.U.  1865,  N.B.S.  1868,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1868,  Addis- 
ville,  1868— 

Ames,  John  "\Y.     Studied  under  Livingston  ?  Miss,  on  Delaware,  1814. 

Amerman,  Albert,' C.C.  1812,  Assoc.  Ref.  Sem.  1816,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1816; 
Johnstown  and  May  field,  1817-20,  susp.  restored,  Johnstown  and  May- 
field,  1820-1,  Johnstown  and  Mmjfield,  indep.  1821^3,  HackensacJc 
and  Paterson,  indep.  1843-55,  Haclcensach^  indep.  1855 — 

Amerman,  Thos.  A.  A.C.  1827,  N.B.S.  1830,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie,  1830; 
Beckman,  N.Y.  (S.S.)  1830-1,  Coeymans,  1832,  (Presb.  1832-5,)  Sho- 
kan,  1835-8,  Jamesville,  1838^0. 

Anderson,  Wm.  N.B.S.  1849,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1849  ;  Peapack,  1849-56,  Fair- 
view,  1856-9,  Newtown,  1859-66,  Greenbush,  1866— 

Anderson,  Wm.  H.  R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  1865,  1.  S.  CI.  L.L  1865  ;  Cort- 
landtown,  1865-6,  w.  c. 

[Antes,  Henry,  c.  to  America,  1726,  Oly,  Pa.  1730-48,  a  Moravian,  1748- 

50,  indep.  1750-5,  d.] 

His  name  is  often  referred  to  as  "  the  pious  and  active  German  Reformed 
layman  of  Frederick  township,"  (now  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.)  He  first  ap- 
pears prominently  on  the  stage  about  1736,  though  he  had  then  been  in  Ame- 


24  THE     MINISTRY. 

rica  more  than  ten  years.    He  was  a  man  of  deep  and  earnest  piety,  and  there- 
fore could  not  fail  of  feeling  a  lively  concern  in  the  religious  interests  of  the 
early  German  immigrants.     He  was  endowed  with  good  talents,  which 
were  cultivated  by  reading  and  study,  so  that  he  was  well  reported  of 
abroad  as  well  as  at  home.     The  destitute  spiritual  condition  of  the  people 
compelled  him,  as  a  Christian,  though  unlicensed  by  the  Church,  to  call 
the  people  together  for  exhortation  and  prayer.     He  mourned  over  the 
divisions  existing  among  Christians,  and  heartily  joined  in  the  movement 
of  the  time  to  unite  all  religious  souls  in  what  was  called  "  The  congrega- 
tion of  God  in  the  Spirit."     He  was  rejoiced  when,  in  1736,  John  Adam 
Gruber  invited  all  awakened  souls  to  a  new  organization  of  union,  which 
resulted  in  the  above-mentioned  effort.     He  himself  issued  a  call  to  all 
Christians  in  1741,  to  meet  at  Germantown,  and  which  was  followed  by 
six  successive  meetings,  in  the  first  half  of  1742,  of  a  similar  character, 
(called  Synods,)  and  it  was  through  these  that  "The  congregation  of  God 
in  the  Spirit"  received  formal  organization.     It  received  all  evangelical 
Christians,  without  interfering  with  their  creeds  ;  yet  they  came  together 
in  a  common  synod  for  the  advancement  of  Christ's  kingdom.     Mr.  Antes 
was  himself  licensed  by  this  Synod,  1742,  to  go  forth  and  preach,  and  he 
is  universally  spoken  of  by  all  in  terms  of  highest  praise.     But  this  effort 
for  union,  while  showing  the  longings  of  the  Christian  world,  was  prema- 
ture, and  by  1748  had  exhausted  itself.     In  1747  a  Lutheran,  and  in  1748 
a  Reformed  Synod  were  organized,  and  the  Moravians  also  organized  about 
the  same  time,  and  each  drew  its  own  material  to  itself.     Antes  joined  the 
Moravians,  but  in  1750  separated  from  them  on  account  of  certain  vestments 
which  were  introduced  in  their  communion  service.     Yet  he  frequently 
afterward  assisted  them,  showing  that  he  cherished  no  ill-will. 

Antonides,  Yincentius,  b.  1G70,  c.  to  America  1705  ;  Bushwick,  Flatbush, 
Flatlands,  Brooklyn,  New-Utrecht,  Gravesend,  1705-44,  also  Jamaica 
1705-'41,  d.  1744. 

A  paper  of  the  day  says :  "  He  was  a  gentleman  of  extensive  learning,  of 
an  easy,  condescending  behavior  and  conversation,  and  of  a  regular,  exem- 
plary piety,  endeavoring  to  practice  himself  what  he  preached  to  others 
was  kind,  benevolent,  and  charitable  to  all,  according  to  his  ability ;  meek, 
humble,  patriotic,  and  resigned  under  all  his  afflictions,  losses,  calamities, 
and  misfortunes,  which  befell  him  in  his  own  person  and  family. — See  also 
Doc.  Hist.  K  Y.,  iii.  89-115,  qt.  ed. 

Arcularius,  And.  M.  R.C.  1863,  N.B.S.  18G6,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1866;  North- 
Esopus,  1866— 

Arondeus,  Johannes,  c.  from  Holland,  1742,  Bushwick,  Flatlands,  Brook- 
lyn, New-Utrecht,  and  Gravesend,  1742-7,  Raritan,  Readington,  Harlin- 
gen,  Six  Mile  Run,  and  Three  Mile  Run,  1747-54,  d. 
He  was  a  very  troublesome  and  contrary  man.    The  civil  and  ecclesiastical 

records  constantly  refer  to  him,  but  only  to  present  him  in  an  unenviable 


THE    MINISTRY.  25 

character.  He  was  a  violent  opponent  of  the  Coctus.  lie  actually  had 
himself  installed  pastor  of  the  churches  in  Somerset  Co.,  by  Fryenmoet,  and 
ministered  to  the  enemies  of  Frelinghuysen.  The  Ilai'lingen  records  were 
taken  possession  of  by  his  partj',  and  his  ecclesiastical  acts  recorded  in 
them,  for  all  the  surrounding  churches.  lie  ordained  new  consistories  for 
Three  Mile  Run,  Six  Mile  Run,  Ilarlingen,  Readington,  and  Raritan,  and 
his  baptisms  of  the  children  of  the  disailected,  in  this  region,  are  recorded 
for  seven  years,  from  1747.  The  Ilarlingen  consistory  started  new  records 
(both  books  are  still  preserved)  in  1749,  and  left  the  site  of  the  old  church, 
selecting  a  new  site  for  a  new  building. 

Various  petty  and  contemptible  troubles  are  recorded  of  him  on  Long  Is- 
land, which  are  not  worth  the  recital.  He  brought  religion  into  contempt. 
His  people  on  Long  Island  called  Van  Sindcrin,  in  1747,  with  whom  he  had 
constant  difficulties.  He  was  charged  with  drunkenness  and  other  crimes, 
and  finally  Coetus  secured  his  suspension  from  the  ministry.  His  name 
last  appears  in  1754,  when  it  is  supposed  he  died. — See  Millstone  Centen- 
nial, and  Neic- Brunswick  Hist.  Discourse,  by  Steele. 

Atwater,  Elnathan  R.  U.C.  1834;  1.  Presbyt.  Albany,  1848;  (Tribe's 
Hill,  Presbyt.)  1848-51,  (Ref.  Ch.  1853,)  Assist.  Ed.  Ch.  Int.  1853- 
68  ;  Ed.  CJi.  Int.  18G8— 

Aurand,  Henry,  P.S.  1825,  Columbia,  1860-3. 

Ayres,  Sam.  B.  C.N.J.  1884,  P.S.,  1837,  1.  Presbyt.  Newton,  1837,  Mini'- 
sink,  1838-41,  Ellenville,  1841-54,  Vanderveer,  1854-66. 

Baay,  Jac.     N.B.S.  1860 ;  1.  CI.  N.B.,  1860,  Keokuk,  1860-5. 

Babbitt,  Amzi,  C.N.J.  1810,  P.S.  1821,  (Pequea,  Pa.  18..-..,  Presbyt.) 
Philadelphia,  2d,  1834-5,  (Salisbury,  Pa.,  Presb.,  18. .-. .,)  d.  1846. 

Backerus,  Johannes,  New-Amsterdam,  1647-9,  returned  to  Holland. 

He  had,  at  a  former  period,  been  a  minister  in  Curaooa,  W.  I.,  but  had 
returned  to  Holland;  and  now,  on  May  11th,  1647,  arrived  with  Governor 
Stuyvesant,  at  New-Amsterdam.  lie  had  a  salary  of  1400  guilders.  His 
stay  was  short.  He  and  the  governor  did  not  altogether  agree.  He  read 
papers  from  his  pulpit  referring  to  the  provincial  government,  animadvert- 
ing on  it ;  and  though  forbidden,  yet,  as  a  popular  representative,  he  could 
not  be  repressed.  He  sailed  for  Holland  on  August  15th,  1649,  and  there 
took  sides  with  the  complainants  against  Stuyvesant's  administration.  He 
is,  perhaps,  to  be  considered  as  a  mere  supply  during  the  twenty-seven 
months  of  his  stay. 

Bahler,  Louis  Henri,  (s.  of  P.  B.  Biihler.)  R.C.  1864,  N.B.S.  1867,  1. 
CI 1867;   Coe)^mans,  1867— 

Baiiler,  Peter  B.,  c.  from  Holland,  1865,  Albany,  (Hoi.,)  1865-6,  Pa- 
terson,  (Hoi.,)  1866-8,  Rochester,  N.Y.  (Hoi.,)  1868— 


26  THE    MINISTRY. 

Bahler,  p.  G.  M.  (s.  of  p.  B.  Bahler,)  R.O.  1868,  Student  in  N.B.S. 

Bailey,  "Wm.  E.G.  1842;  N.B.S.  1845;  1.  CI.  Albany,  1845;  Helder- 
bergh,  1845-7,  Schodack,  1847-55,  Constantine,  1855-6.3,  also  Mott- 
Tille,  1856-63,  also  Porter,  1859-63,  Albany,  3d,  1863-68,  White- 
house,  1868— 

Baird,  Chs.  W.     From  Presbyt.  Ch.,  1S60. 

Baldwin',  Eli,  b.  at  Ilackensack,  1794,  University  Col.  of  Med.,  1817, 
N.B.S.  1820,  ordained  as  a  Miss,  to  Georgetown,  D.C.  1822-4,  Miss, 
agent  in  N.J.  and  Pa.,  1824^5,  Houston  St.,  N.Y.C.,  1825-89,  d. 

Baldwin,  John  Abeel,  Y.C.  1829,  A.S.  and  P.S.  1835, 
Flatlands  and  New-Utrecht,  1836-52,  (Lancaster,  Pa.,  Ger.  Ref.  1853-6, 
New-Providence,  N.J.  Presbyt.,  1856 — ) 

Baldwin,  John  C.     1.  CI.  N.B.  1832. 

Ballagh,  Jas.  II.  R.C.  1857;  N.B.S.  1860,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1860;  voyage 
to  Japan,  May-Aug.,  1861,  Kanagawa,  1861-3,  Yokohama,  1863 — 8. 

Ballagh,  Wm.  II.  R.C.  1860;  N.B.S.  1863;  1.  CI.  N.B.  1863;  Union, 
1865-8,  East-Berne  and  Knox,  1868— 

Barcolo lie.  by  Coetus,  1758. 

Barcolo,  Geo.,  b.  at  New-Utrecht,  17. .,  C.C,  1795  (?),  stud,  theol.  under 
Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1798;  Hopewell  and  New-Hackensack,  1805- 
10,  d.  1832. 

Bartholf,  B.  a.  R.C.  1861,  N.B.S.  1864,  1.  CI.  Passaic,  1864;  Fair- 
Haven,  1864-8,  Pascack,  1868— 

[Bartholomaus,  Dorainicus,  c.  to  America,  1748,  Tulpehocken,  1748-59, 
d.] 

Bassett,  John,  b.  at  Bushwick,  1764,  C.C.  1786,  stud,  under  Living- 
ston, 1.  by  Syn.  R.D.  Chs.  1787;  Albany,  1787-1804,  Boght,  (CI. 
Schoharie,)  1805-11,  Gravesend  and  Bushwick,  1811-24,  d. ;  also  Prof, 
of  Heb.  Lang.  1804-12. 

He  was  a  man  of  extraordinary  erudition,  and  an  excellent  Hebrew  and 
classical  scholar.  He  trained  a  number  of  young  men  for  the  ministry. 
He  was  an  edifying  preacher,  though  not  gifted  with  great  vividness  of  imag- 
ination, or  with  eloquence.  He  translated  from  the  Dutch,  and  published, 
in  1801,  The  Pious  Communicant,  a  work  of  Rev.  Peter  Immens,  pastor  at 
Middleburg,  Holland.  It  consists  of  two  volumes,  and  nearly  600  pages, 
octavo. 

Basslcr,  Benj.  S.,  b.  at  Berne,  N.Y.  1808,  U.C.  1830,  N.B.S.  1833,  New- 
Rhinebeck  and  Sharon,  1833-8,  Farmerville,  1838-66,  d. 
His  grandparents  emigrated  to  this  country  from  Switzerland  in  order  to 

escape  religious  persecution,  and  to  enjoy  the  unrestricted  exercise  of  their 


THE    MINISTRY.  2  7 

religious  faith.  He  was  born  and  nurtured  in  the  very  atmosphere  of  reli- 
gion, having  been  consecrated  to  God  by  his  mother,  from  the  very  incep- 
tion of  his  being,  and  trained  from  his  earliest  years  to  the  associations 
and  duties  of  piety.  From  the  time  of  his  conversion,  at  sixteen,  he  felt 
called  to  engage  in  the  sacred  work  of  the  Christian  ministry.  After  a 
course  of  preparatory  study  in  the  Albany  Academy,  he  entered  Rutgers 
College;  but,  in  consequence  of  sickness  at  home  rendering  a  nearer  resi- 
dence necessary,  he  completed  his  course  at  Union,  lie  was  possessed  of 
a  thoroughly  genial  nature.  The  cordiality  and  warmth  of  his  natural  dis- 
position was,  perhaps,  the  most  striking  trait  in  his  character.  He  drew 
to  himself  a  large  circle  of  acquaintance,  and  won  general  regard  by  the 
kindliness  of  his  nature,  and  the  easy  fiimiliarity  of  his  intercourse.  No 
one  was  ever  repelled  from  his  presence  by  any  appearance  of  reserve,  or 
by  the  coldness  of  an  unsocial  spirit.  He  was  always  cheerful  and  always 
attractive.  He  became,  therefore,  an  endeared  member  of  the  domestic 
and  social  circle,  a  most  agreeable  companion  during  the  intervals  of  eccle- 
siastical meetings,  and  a  welcome  visitor  in  discharging  the  duties  of  the 
pastoral  relation.  Indeed,  his  spontaneous  frankness  of  manner  and  friend- 
liness of  heart,  by  making  him  easy  of  access  to  all,  and  bringing  him  into 
ready  sympathy  with  all,  laid  the  foundation,  under  Divine  grace,  for  a  vast 
amount  of  usefulness.  But  he  was  also  a  man  of  most  serious  and  earnest 
piety.  His  faith  was  ardent;  his  convictions  settled  and  unwavering;  and 
he  was  capable  at  all  times  of  being  stirred  with  religious  emotion.  Al- 
though of  an  uncommonly  lively  and  happy  spirit,  he  never  allowed  him- 
self to  jest  with  sacred  subjects,  and  his  whole  demeanor  unconsciously  be 
trayed  the  powerful  hold  which  Divine  truth  had  upon  his  judgment  and 
affections.  None  that  ever  heard  him  could  forget  his  tremulous  tones  and 
devout  spirit  in  prayer,  or  the  earnestness  and  pathos  of  his  appeals  to  im- 
penitent sinners. 

Thus  he  was  qualified,  both  by  nature  and  by  grace,  to  render  eminent 
services  in  winning  souls  to  Christ.  Through  a  long  and  unbroken  series  of 
years,  he  performed  the  functions  of  a  useful  and  fruitfid  pastorate.  Ilis 
carefully  prepared  sermons  were  logical  in  order  and  pointed  in  application. 
They  abounded  in  evangelical  sentiment  and  practical  expositions  of  Chris- 
tian doctrine.  And  the  best  evidence  of  their  power  remains  in  the  strong 
and  united  church  of  Farmerville,  in  which  tlie~most  delightful  harmony 
and  peace  have  ever  dwelt,  and  from  which  he  departed  univeisall}^  beloved 
and  lamented. — T.  S.  D. 

Bates,  Elisha  W.     Stuyvesant  Falls,  1S57-G5,  susp. 

Beardsley,  J.  W.  N.B.S.  18G3;  1.  CI.  N.B.  18G3 ;  Rosendalc,  1863, 
Constantine  and  Mottville,  1863-4,  Constantino  and  S.S.  at  Porter, 
1864^ 

Beatt}-,  Jas.  U.C.  1834,  from  Presb.  Louisiana,  1854;  Fordham,  1854- 
6,  Presbyt. 


28  THE     MINISTRY. 

Beattie,  John,  b.  1784,  U.C.  1806,  studied  under  Proudfit,  1.  CI.  N.Y. 
1808;  Miss,  in  West.  N.Y.  and  Canada,  1809-10,  New-Utrecht,  1809- 
34,  Buffalo,  (S.S.,)  1838-42,  pastor,  1842-4,  d.  1864. 

Beck,  T.  Romeyn,  R.C.  1849,  N.B.S.  1862,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1862  ;  Chap.  13th 
Reg.  N.J.V.  1862-3,  Prof,  of  Latin  and  Greek,  Holland  Acad.  .1863-5, 
Prof,  in  Hope  College,  1865— 

Becker,  Chs.  North-Bergen  and  Hackensack,  3d,  1857-60,  Naumberg 
and  New-Bremen,  1860 — 

[Becker,  Christian  Ludwig,  Baltimore,  Md.,  17. .,  Tercent.  529.] 

[Bechtel,  John,  b.  1690,  in  Palatinate,  c.  to  America,  1720,  unlicensed; 
Gerraantown,  Pa.,  1728-44,  a  Moravian,  d.  1777.  In  1733  he  reed,  a 
regular  call,  and  in  1742  was  ordained,  by  a  Moravian  bishop,  as  a  Ger. 
Ref.  minister.     He  signed  the  Bern  Articles.] 

Bechthold,  a.  H.  From  Suffolk  Assoc,  Mass. ;  Holland,  2d,  at  Paterson, 
1866— 

Beekman,  Jacob  B.  T.  U.C.  1822,  N.B.S.  1825,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia, 
1825  ;    Middletown,  N.J.  1825-36,  w.  c.  1836-47,  Presb. 

Beidler,  F.  P.  South-Bend,  1853-54,  Prin.  of  Holland  School,  1854-5, 
Miss,  at  Holland,  Wis.  1855,  Ridgeway,  1855-56,  Macon,  1856-57, 
1867,  Ger.  Ref. 

Bellenger,    Henry,    Secession    GhurcTi,    1827-9,    Independent,    at   Sharon., 
'i^^iWynanVs,  and  Poostefs  Kill,  1829-18. .. 

Benedict,  Wm.  A.     From  Presbyt.  Catskill,  1856 ;  Gilboa,  1856-7,  w.  c. 

Bennett,  Asa,  N.B.S.  1824,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1824;  Schodack,  1825-7,  Ovid, 
1829-38,  Constantine,  184-3^5,  d.  18... 

Bentley,  E.  W.  Y.O.  1850,  East-Windsor  Theolog.  Inst.  1854,  lie.  by 
Hartford  4th  Assoc,  1854;  EUenville,  1854— 

Berdan,  John,  lie.  ly  Seceders,  1830,  AquaclcanoncTc,  sec.  1830. 

Berg,  Herman  C.     R.C,  1866,  student  in  N.B.S. 

Berg,  Jos.  F.  Philadelphia  1st,  (G.R.C.)  1837-52,  when  both  pastor  and 
people  united  with  Ref.  Dutch ;  as  such  Philadelphia  2d,  1852-61,  Prof 
of  Didactic  Theology  at  New-Brunswick,  1861 — 

Berger,  Martin  Luther,  W.  C,  1859,  U.S.  1862,  1.  8d  Presb.  N.Y., 
1862;  Miss,  at  Dry  Dock,  Presbyt.  N.Y.C.  18G2-3,  East-Millstone, 
1863-6,  Fishkill,  on  the  Hudson,  1866,  Jan.— 

Bernakt,  Jas.  E.  R.C.  1848,  N.B.S.  1851,  1.  CI.  Phil.  1851 ;  S.S.  Up- 
per Neversink,  and  Brown  Settlement,  1851-4,  Upper  Neversink,  1854- 
0,  Miss,  at  Boardville,  1856— 

Berry,  J.   Romeyn,  (grandson  of  J.  V.   C.  Romeyn,)  R.C.  1847,  N.B.S. 


Till-:    MINISTRY.  29 

1850,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1850;  Pierinont,  1850-1,  Syracuse,  1851-7,  Kin- 
derhook,  1857-63,  Jersey  City,  3d,  18G3-8,  (St.  Paul's,  ]\Iin.  Presbyt. 
1868— 

Beruy,  Philip,  (grandson  of  J.  V.  C.  Romcyn,)  R.C.  1857,  N.B.S.  1860, 
1.  CI.  Bergen,  1860;  Grand  Rapids,  1860-61,  Glenville,  2d,  1802-3,  Bei- 
rut, Syria,  Am.  Board,  1863-5,  Athens,  Pa.,  18G6-8. 

Bcrtholf,  Guilliam,  1.  by  CI.  ^liddlcburgh,  Holland,  1693,  Aquackanonck 

and  Hackcnsack,  1694-1724,  d. 

He  had  come  to  Hackensack  with  the  early  emigrants  in  the  capacity  of 
catechiser,  voorleser,  and  schoolmaster.  "With  such  acceptance  and  useful- 
ness did  he  discharge  his  trust,  that  the  people  sent  him  to  Holland,  in 
1693,  to  be  licensed  and  ordained  as  their  minister,  although  Selyns,  in 
New-York,  and  Van  Varick,  on  Long  Island,  and  Dcllius,  at  Albany,  were 
fully  ordained  ministers  in  this  country.  This  was  the  second  instance  of 
that  troublesome  and  expensive  system,  pursued  more  or  less  for  the  next 
seventy-five  years,  of  sending  men  all  the  way  to  Holland  for  the  imposi- 
tion of  hands,  until  some  noble  spirits  rebelled  against  the  dallying  formali- 
ty. It  is  said  of  him,  "  He  was  in  possession  of  a  mild  and  placid  elo- 
quence, which  persuaded  by  its  gentleness,  and  attracted  by  the  sweetness 
which  it  distilled  and  the  holy  savor  of  piety  which  it  diffused  around." 

He  was  for  the  first  fifteen  years  of  his  ministry  the  only  Dutch  preacher 
in  New-Jersey.  In  1709,  Morgan  was  added  to  him  in  Monmouth  Co.,  and 
in  1720,  Frelinghuysen  on  the  Raritan.  He  had,  in  fact,  the  spiritual 
charge  of  all  the  Dutch  inhabitants  of  New-Jersey.  He  oflSciated  regu- 
larly through  his  whole  ministry  at  all  the  surrounding  churches,  even  at 
Tarrytown,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Hudson.  The  records  of  Tappan,  Tar- 
rytown,  Staten  Island,  and  Raritan  show  many  services  by  him,  and  they 
regarded  him  as  their  pastor.  It  is  also  known  that  he  officiated  at  Ponds, 
Pompton,  Belleville,  and  many  other  places.  He  was  in  his  day  the  itine- 
rant apostle  of  New-Jersey. — Sec  Taylor''s  Annals. 

Bertholf,  Jas.  H.  R.C.  1864,  N.B.S.  1867,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1867; 
Unionville  and  Greenburgh,  1867 — 

Bethune,   Geo.  W.,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1805,  D.C.  1823,   P.S.  1826,   Miss,   to 
colored  people  and  sailors.  Savannah,   Ga.   1826,   Rhinebeck,  1827-30, 
Utica,   1831-4,   Philadelphia,   1st,   1834-6,   Philadelphia,    3d,   1837-49, 
Brooklyn  Heights,  1850-9,  New-York,  21st  St.  1859-62,  d. 
He  stood  in  the  front  rank  of  ministers  of  the  Gospel.     Originally  en- 
dowed with  a  fine  mind,  and  furnished  with  every  possible  facility  for  cul- 
tivating and  furnishing  it,  he  achieved  a  very  high  degree  of  success  in  the 
pulpit  and  elsewhere.     A  thorough  master  of  English,  of  finished  taste, 
fertile  in  thought,  rich  in  illustration,  skilled  in  dialectics,  familiar  with  the 
stores  of  the  past,  yet  with  a  quick  eye  to  the  present,  a  proficient  in 
lelles-httres,  he  had  almost  every  literary  requisite  for  the  composition  of 
sermons.     "When  to  this  it  is  added  that  he  was  sound  in  the  faith  and  had 


30  THE     MINISTRY. 

his  heart  in  the  work,  that  he  had  a  most  musical  voice  of  rare  compass 
and  modulation,  it  is  not  wonderful  that  his  reputation  stood  so  high.  He 
was  a  close  and  diligent  student,  and  never  was  ashamed  to  confess  it. 
His  platform  efforts  were  always  hnpromptu,  but  for  the  pulpit  he  felt  con- 
scientiously bound  to  make  careful  and  thorough  preparation. 

In  occasional  addresses,  he  gave  free  play  to  his  genial  humor  and  ready 
wit,  (which  he  never  did  in  the  pulpit,)  and  thus  became  a  great  favorite  in 
all  popular  assemblies.  He  was  unusually  favored  in  the  variety  of  his 
accomplishments.  He  had  a  nice  ear  for  music,  and  sometimes  composed 
sacred  harmonies  ;  he  had  a  fine  taste  in  painting  and  sculpture  ;  he  was  an 
accomplished  Latinist  and  Grecian ;  he  was  familiar  with  a  number  of 
modern  languages,  some  of  which  he  spoke  fluently  ;  he  was  well  read  in 
the  history  of  philosophy,  and  his  general  information  was  both  extensive 
and  accurate. 

At  an  early  age  he  betrayed  a  poetical  genius,  to  which,  however,  he 
never  gave  full  scope.  His  poetry  is  characterized  more  by  delicacy  of 
feeling  and  chasteness  of  diction  than  by  power  or  poetic  fancy,  and  nearly 
all  the  subjects  chosen  for  his  poems  were  of  a  religious  character. 

He  was  a  man  of  very  genial  nature,  sympathetic  and  companionable, 
destitute  of  formality  and  reserve,  with  a  rich  fund  of  anecdote  and  a 
sparkling  wit,  which  gave  a  pungent  zest  to  his  conversation.  He  was  the 
life  of  the  social  circle.  Nor  was  this  mere  good-fellowship,  for  he  had 
real  kindness  of  heart,  which  was  manifest  in  various  effective  ways  to  all 
who  were  near  him. 

The  pulpit  was  the  place  where  he  loved  to  labor,  and  where  he  espe- 
cially excelled  and  wielded  his  greatest  power.  His  fame  in  his  beloved 
work  of  preaching  Christ  is  almost  world-wide.  For  orator}''  he  had  a 
natural  adaptation,  which  was  very  early  shown.  But  he  also  studied  the 
best  authorities,  and  by  wise  culture  and  careful  direction  properly  de- 
veloped those  qualities  which  God  had  given  him,  and  the  result  was  a 
natural,  individual  manner  peculiarly  his  own.  He  was  not  cast  in  any 
body's  mould.  He  swayed  large  audiences  at  his  will,  sending  an  inde- 
scribable thrill  through  every  chord  of  the  heart  as  he  pictured  his  various 
scenes  ;  in  his  religious  services  he  melted  to  tears,  and  in  his  popular  ad- 
dresses he  convulsed  multitudes  with  merriment. 

He  realized  very  deeply  that  his  pulpit  was  a  consecrated  place,  and  that 
his  work  there,  whether  as  the  mouth  of  God  to  the  people  or  as  the  mouth 
of  the  people  to  God,  was  of  the  most  responsible  character.  Hence  it  was 
with  him  a  matter  of  special  concern  that  the  highest  possible  interest 
should  be  given  to  every  part  of  the  service.  The  selection  of  his  hymns 
or  psalms  was  very  carefully  made,  and  these  were  read  in  a  manner  to 
give  them  the  fullest  effect  on  the  hearer  ;  and  no  man  understood  better 
than  he  how  to  accomplish  this. 

His  devotional  exercises  were  what  they  claimed  to  be — the  outpouring 
of  a  full  heart  at  the  mercy-seat,  tenderly  alive  to  all  the  interests  with 
whicli  he  was  charged,  and  especially  making  himself  one  with  his  people. 


THE     MINISTRY.  31 

whom  he  loved  most  tenderly.  All  was  solemn,  liumblc,  simple,  earnest, 
with  no  rambling  into  the  field  of  fancy,  no  proclamation  of  his  views  on 
the  conflicting  theories  of  theology,  no  attempt  to  show  how  much  he 
knew  and  how  well  he  could  exhibit  it,  but  all  was  trul}'  devotional.  One 
felt,  as  he  joined  with  him  in  prayer,  that  he  was  really  holding  converse 
with  an  inthiitely  holy  Being,  and  occupied  a  place  ver}'^  near  the  throne, 
and  was  bowed  down  by  its  overpowering  holiness. 

So  when  he  preached,  it  was  as  a  legate  of  the  skies — as  one  appointed 
of  God  to  minister  in  his  name — as  having  a  message  from  (iod  to  dying 
man,  a  word  of  consolation  to  the  sorrowing,  as  well  as  of  instruction  to 
the  ignorant.  His  preaching  was  eminently  evangelical  and  bililical,  and 
no  hearer  could  avoid  the  impression  tliat  the  treasures  of  the  (jospel  were 
inexhaustible. 

Christ  and  Him  crucified  was  the  theme  in  which  he  delighted  and  on 
which  he  expended  all  his  strength.  And  learned  as  he  was,  having  great 
literary  treasures  at  command,  yet  his  sermons  M'ere  marked  with  tlie 
utmost  simplicity.  He  was  also  courageous  and  faithful  as  a  preacher. 
The  fear  of  men  did  not  influence  him.  Hence  he  was  ever  ready  to  proclaim 
the  most  humbling  and  unpalatable  doctrines  of  the  word  of  life,  as  cir- 
cumstances required.  He  did  not  hesitate  to  assume  whatever  responsi- 
bility fairl}''  belonged  to  a  servant  of  the  living  God.  His  theology  was  that 
of  the  Reformation.  Yet  he  was  no  stranger  to  the  metaphysics  or  the  phi- 
losophy of  modern  theologians  and  those  of  the  German  schools. 

In  his  pulpit  exercises  a  special  importance  was  given  to  Scripture  read 
ing.  He  felt  bound  to  honor,  on  all  occasions,  the  Bible,  and  his  care  was 
so  to  read  that  men  should  feel  that  it  was  God's  word  they  heard,  and  so 
to  hear  as  to  understand.  His  selections  were  most  judiciously  made  with 
reference  to  the  subject  of  his  discourse,  as  was  the  case  with  the  hymns 
chosen  for  praise,  so  that  a  perfect  harmony  reigned  in  the  services  of  the 
sanctuary.  Nothing  was  carelessly  done  or  allowed  to  pass  oft'  in  a  slovenly 
manner. — From  Memorial  Sermon  ly  I.  F.     See  Memoir  hy  Van  Nest. 

Betten,  Antonie  J.     1862. 

Betts,  Wm.  R.  S.  U.C.  1826,  P.S.  1830,  (Phelps,  N.Y,  Upper  Freehold, 
N.J.  Mt.  Holly,  N.J.,)  Spottswood,  1842-5,  Leeds,  1845-50,  Athens, 
(S.S.,)  1851-4,  Grahamville,  1854-6,  Shokan  and  Shandaken,  1850-61. 

Beviek,  John  H.,  b.  1805,  studied  under  AVestbrook,  and  N.B.S.  1831,  1. 
CI.  N.B.  1831 ;  Shawangunk,  1831-43,  Ed.  Christian  Intelligencer,  1843- 
52  ;  Fordham,  1851-3,  Glenham,  1853-00,  Rensselaer,  1800-3,  Rosen- 
dale,  186^7,  S.S.  New-Concord,  1867— 

Beys,  Henricus,  Kingston,  1706-8  or  10.  Harlem,  1710.  Col.  Hist.  v.  326, 
354,  Doc.  Uist.  iii.  ;  became,  perhaps.  Episcopalian  at  Harlem,  1712. 

Bielfield,  H.     From  G.  R.  Ch.  1855,  Ger.  Ref.  Harlem,  1855. 

Bingham,  Lewis  G.     L.  by  Presbyt.  18. .,  1865 — 


32  THE    MINISTRY. 

Birkby,  John,  b.  at  Yorkshire,  Eng.  1792,  Rotherham  Coll.  Eng.  18..  ; 

ordained  by  the  Congregationalists,  (Earl  Shelton,  Leicester,  Eng.  18.  .  ; 

Tockholes,  Lancaster,  Eng.  18.. -35;  Hanover,  N.H.  1835-40;)  Ganse- 

voort,  1840^5,  d.  1861. 

He  was  rather  shrinking  and  reserved  than  covetous  of  prominence  and 
notoriety;  prone  ever  to  think  more  highly  of  others  than  himself,  and 
timid  in  the  exercise  of  gifts  which  he  was  known  to  possess  and  to  be 
capable  of  wielding  with  effect.  He  was  a  man  of  singular  simplicity  and 
modesty,  choosing  the  lowest  seats,  seldom  taking  part  in  discussion.  But 
when  his  heart  became  deeply  enlisted,  and  he  was  fairly  drawn  out  by 
the  strength  of  his  convictions,  he  would  speak  with  propriety,  point,  and 
power,  revealing  a  clear  head,  logical  intellect  and  hoarded  resources  of  a 
vio"orous  and  independent  mind.  He  was  well  read,  thoroughly  familiar 
with  the  Word,  and  able  at  will  to  draw  from  the  sacred  armory  the  wea- 
pon needed.  His  faith  w^as  that  of  a  little  child.  He  loved  to  sit  at  the 
feet  of  Jesus.  He  was  impatient  of  all  refinements  designed  to  rob  the 
atoning  blood  of  a  particle  of  its  efficacy. 

Birkey,  Ab.,  b.   1806,   (Detroit,  Ger.  Ref.    1849-52,)   2d   G.    D.    R.  Ch. 
N.Y.C.  1852-65,  d.  1867. 

Bishop,  Alex.  H.,  b.  at  New-Haven,  1810,  Y.C.  1830,  1.  by  Connecticut 

Assoc.  18. .  ;  Astoria,  1840-53,  d.  1854. 

He  was  a  remarkable  man.  To  natural  powers  of  a  high  order  he  added 
years  of  unceasing  culture.  He  had  explored  the  varied  fields  of  literature, 
and  his  views  on  most  subjects  were  in  advance  of  those  of  his  age.  Few 
knew  the  elevated  standard  which  he  had  attained,  for  to  all  his  intellec- 
tual cultivation  there  was  joined  a  shrinking  delicacy  and  an  unusual  re- 
serve which  did  not  reveal  his  true  character.  Independent  of  men  and  of 
their  sentiments,  he  was  frequently  misunderstood.  He  was  evidently  ma- 
turing for  high  purposes,  (for  all  the  results  of  his  study  and  research  were 
devoted  to  the  glory  of  God  and  the  good  of  man  ;)  but  God  took  him  in 
the  midst  of  his  usefulness  and  promise.  His  last  words  were,  "  I  trust  in 
the  Gospel  as  I  preached  it." — M.  S.  H. 

[Bithahn, .     Western  North-Carolina,  178..] 

Blair,  Robert  J.,  b.  in  N.J.  1800,  N.B.S.  1823,  1.  CI. ,  1823;  Miss. 

to  Princetown  and  Guilderland,  (Helderbergh,)    1824,  Miss,  to  Salem, 

1825,    Princetown    and    Helderbergh,    1825-7,    Helderbergh,    1827-30, 

w.  c.  1867,  d. 

He  is  remembered  for  his  eminently  consistent  life  as  a  Christian  and  as 
a  minister  of  Christ,  for  the  evangelical  character  of  his  preaching  and  his 
zeal.  Meek  and  inoifensive  as  he  w'as,  few  men  have  been  more  faithful  in 
the  discharge  of  pastoral  duty,  preaching  the  Gospel  by  the  wayside  and 
from  house  to  house.  Few  men  have  been  more  willing  to  speak  to  their 
fellow-men  for  their  good  and  for  the  honor  of  the  Master.     It  pleased  God 


THE   MINISTRY.  83 

that  he  should  glorify  him  by  patient  endurance  of  suflering,  often  intense, 
for  many  years.  But  few  of  his  friends  at  the  time  of  his  death  could  re- 
member him  as  a  well  man.  He  was  for  weeks  together  the  welcome 
guest  of  many  families  in  different  parts  of  New-York  and  New-Jersey, 
which  still  retain  the  sweet  savor  of  his  godly  example  and  pious  converse. 
His  latter  years  were  spent  in  Bedminstcr,  where  he  finally  fell  asleep. 

Ii\  I).  V.  K. 

Blauvelt,  Augustus,  B.C.  1858,  N.B.S.  1801,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,   18G1  ; 
assistant  in  Madison  St.  Chapel,  N.Y.C.  1861-3,  voyage  to  China,  Oct. 
1862-Feb.    '63,  Amoy,  China,  18C3-4,  voyage  to  America,  Sept. -Dec.  « 
1864,  Bloomingdale,  N.Y.  1866— 

Blauvelt.,  Cor.  J.  Lie.  by  Seceders,  1828  ;  ScJiraalenlnirffh,  1828-52,  Jlaek- 
ensaeJc  and  English  Keighlorhood,  1852-9,  d.  18G1. 

Blauvelt,  Cor.  J.  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1842,  Schraalenburgb, 
1842-58,  Blue  Mountain,  1859-62,  Woodstock,  (S.S.)  1864-5,  Closter 
City,  (S.S.)  1866— 

Blauvelt,  Cor.  R.     East  New- York,  1868 — 

Blauvelt,  Geo.  M.  S.  (s.  of  Rev. Blauvelt,  of  Lamington,  Presbyt.) 

N.Y.U.  1850,  P.S.  1853,  1.  Presbyt.  1853  ;  (Chester,  N.J.  1853-6,  Ra- 
cine, Wis.  1856-9,  Lyon's  Farm,  1859-64,  Presbyt.)  Tappan,  1864— 

Blauvelt,  Isaac,  b.  about  1750,  Q.C.  1783,  stud,  theol.  under  J.  R. 
Hardenbergh,  1.  CI.  Hackensack,  1780  ;  Fishkill  and  Hopewell,  1783-90, 
Paramus  and  Saddle  River,  1790-Nov.  '91,  susp.  :  restored  to  church 
membership,  1824,  d.  about  1840. 

Blauvelt,  Timothy,  Q.C.  1782,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  1.  by  Gen. 
Meeting  of  Mins.  and  Elds.  1784. 

Blaw,  Cornelius,  Pompton  Plains,  Fairfield,  Totowa,  and  Boonton,  1762-8, 

Hackensack,  (2d,)  and  Schraalenburgb,  (2d,)  1768-71. 

He  appears  to  have  been  a  troublesome  man  of  the  Conferentie  party,  in- 
vading the  congregations  of  others,  accepting  calls  from  the  disaffected,  and 
illegally  administering  the  ordinances  to  them. 

Blom,  Hermanus,  Esopus,  Sept.  12th,  lGG0-March-5th,  1667,  returned  to 

Holland. 

Letters  from  Domines  Megapolensis  and  Drisius  had  excited  deep  in- 
terest in  Holland  concerning  the  destitution  of  the  American  churches, 
(1659,)  but  no  settled  pastor  could  be  induced  to  leave  his  field.  The 
Chassis  then  urged  Hermanus  Blom,  a  candidate  for  the  ministry,  to  come 
to  the  New  World.  He  arrived  in  April,  1659,  and  as  Esopus  seemed 
most  in  need,  he  was  sent  thither.  Before,  they  had  in  that  place  only 
comforters  of  the  sick,  who  read  to  them  on  the  Sabbath  days.  He  ac- 
cordingly visited  Esopus  and  preached  two  sermons.  A  church  was  at 
once  organized,  and  he  was  called  to  become  their  pastor.  He  accepted 
8 


34  THE   MINISTRY. 

the  call,  and  sailed  for  Holland  in  September,  1G59,  to  submit  to  the  final 
examination  and  receive  ordination.  On  February  16th,  16G0,  he  returned, 
"  ordained  to  preach  on  water  and  on  the  land,  and  in  all  the  neighbor- 
hood, but  specially  at  Esopus."  In  three  years  his  church  had  grown  from 
sixteen  to  sixty  members.  At  the  Indian  massacre  at  Wiltwyck,  in  16G3, 
he  acted  most  bravely,  helping  to  drive  away  the  savages. — I)oc.  Hist.  iii. 
581  ;   Col.  Hist.  ii.  223. 

[Blumer,  Abraham,  (s.  of  Rev.  John  J.  Blumer,  of  Graps,)  b.  1736,  in 
Switzerland,  studied  at  Basle,  ordained,  1756  ;  chap,  in  a  Swiss  reg. 
1756-66 ;  c.  to  America,  1771,  Allentown,  Jordan,  Schlosser's  Ch.,  and 
Egypt,  all  in  Lehigh  Co.  Pa.  1771-1801,  resigned,  d.  1822.] 

BoDiNE,  Geo.  D.  W.  R.C.  1861,  N.B.S.  1864,  1.  CI.  Geneva,  1864;  Ad- 
disville.  Pa.  1864-8,  Germantown,  N.Y.  1868— 

Boehm,  J.  Lie.  by  R.  D.  ministers  in  New-York  City,  1729  ;  Whitpain, 
Germantown,  and  Philadelphia,  1729-47,  Whitpain,  1747-9,  d.  Sup- 
plied also  occasionally,  Magunchy,  Tulpehocken,  and  Egypt,  Pa. 
He  was  the  first  German  Reformed  minister  in  America.  He  had  been 
a  schoolmaster  in  the  Palatinate.  He  arrived  about  1726.  His  home  was 
about  sixteen  miles  west  of  Philadelphia.  He  began  to  preach  before 
he  had  a  regular  license,  that  the  people  might  not  suffer  for  lack  of  in- 
struction. He  obtained  a  license  as  soon  as  circumstances  rendered  it  pos- 
sible. The  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  in  1729,  directed  him  to  be  ordained  by 
the  ministers  in  New-York,  (Boel  and  Gualterus  Du  Bois,)  and  ratified  all 
the  ecclesiastical  acts  he  had  previously  done.  He  visited  various  settle- 
ments at  a  distance  from  his  home,  and  preached  in  Philadelphia  and  Ger- 
mantown once  a  month.  Difficulties  arose  in  1743  with  the  Lutherans, 
through  the  preaching  of  Count  Zinzendorf,  and  which  were  not  quieted 
for  many  years.  The  difficulties  began  through  the  Lutherans  and  Re- 
formed using  one  edifice.  He  also  got  in  controversy  with  the  Moravians 
living  on  the  forks  of  the  Delaware,  publishing  a  pamphlet  against  their 
tenets.  He  himself  was  chai'ged  by  his  opponents  with  teaching  an  abso- 
lute reprobation.  His  pamphlet  was  answered  by  George  Neisser,  a  school- 
master, in  Bethlehem.  He  and  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  with  which  he 
was  connected,  were  ridiculed  by  his  opponents  for  the  severitj"-  of  their 
doctrine.  He  died  suddenly.  His  descendants  are  numerous.  "Boehm's 
Church"  yet  marks  the  place  of  his  residence  and  labors  in  the  district 
west  of  Philadelphia. 

[Boehme,  Chas.  Lewis,  c.  to  America,  1770  ;  Lancaster,  Pa.  1771-5, 
M'Allister's,  (or  Hanover,)  1775-81,  Baltimore,  1781-2.] 

BoEHRER,  John,  studied  under  Guldin ;  1.  N.  CI.  L.I.  1855  ;  West-Ley- 
den,  1856-62,  JefFersonville,  Thumansville,  and  Milesville,  1862-5, 
w.  c. 


THE  MINISTRY.  35 

Bocl,  Ilcnricup,  New-York,  1713-54,  d.     Officiated  also  frequently  in  all 

the  surrounding  churches. 

His  brother,  a  lawyer,  drew  up  the  charges  against  Frelinghuyscn  for 
demanding  the  necessity  of  regeneration  before  communion,  in  a  pamphlet 
of  150  pages.  He  ordained  a  new  consistory,  in  J.  II.  (ioetschius'  charge, 
on  Long  Island,  among  those  disaffected,  and  re-bapti/,ed  their  children. 
He  was  an  enemy  of  the  Coetus.  His  correspondence  with  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam  shows  his  ultraism.  "With  JIancius,  at  Kingston,  and  Mutze- 
lius,  at  Tappan,  he  bitterly  opposed  tho  efforts  for  ecclesiastical  inde- 
pendence. While  his  colleague,  Du  Bois,  was  frequently  sought  after  as  a 
peacemaker,  Boel  was  seldom,  if  ever.  His  portrait  in  the  Consistory-room 
in  New- York  is  an  evidence  of  his  character.  Yet  such  was  the  judicious 
course  and  amiable  spirit  of  his  colleague,  that  they  seem  never  to  have 
come  in  collision. 

Boelen,  Hermanus  Lancelot,  Jamaica,  Newtown,  Oyster  Baj',  and  Suc- 
cess, 17GG-72,  Oyster  Bay  and  Newtown,  1772-80. 
He  was  a  Tory  in  the  Revolution,  and  in  1780  returned  to  Holland.  His 
warm  prayers  for  the  king  exasperated  the  Whigs.  He  was  a  widower, 
accompanied  by  his  daughter,  and  his  language  is  said  to  have  been  too 
pure  and  high-flown  for  the  people.  He  was  of  small  stature,  but  had  a 
stentorian  voice. — //.  Ondcrdonlc. 

Bogardus,  Cornelius,  studied  thcol.  under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1808; 
Schenectady,  1808-11  ;  d. 

Bogardus,  Cornelius,  b.  at  Fishkill,  1785,  N.B.S.  1818,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1818; 
Miss,  to  Madison  and  Warren  Cos.  N.Y.  1818-20,  Beaverdam,  1821-5, 
Wynantskill,  182G-32,  Boght,  1834-8,  Gilboa  and  Conesville,  1838^2, 
supplied  Blenheim  for  a  time,  a  teacher,  1843-54,  d. 

Bogardus,  Everardus,  New-Amsterdam,  1G33-47. 

For  a  long  time  he  ■was  thought  to  have  been  the  first  minister  in  New- 
Netherlands,  but  see  Michaelius.  He  arrived  with  Governor  Yan  Twiller, 
in  April,  1G33,  accompanied  by  Adam  Roelandsen,  a  schoolmaster.  The 
people  of  New-Amsterdam  had  worshiped  in  a  loft  .since  1G26  ;  but  this  was 
now  replaced  by  a  plain  wooden  building  like  a  barn,  situated  near  the 
East-River,  in  what  is  now  Broad  street,  between  Pearl  and  Bridge.  Near 
by  a  parsonage  was  also  provided.  Yan  Twiller's  government  was  not 
what  it  ought  to  have  been,  and  he  received  a  severe  reprimand  from  Bo- 
'  gardus,  who  styled  him  "  a  cliild  of  the  devil,"  and  threatened  him  with 
such  a  shake  from  the  pulpit  on  the  following  Sabbath  as  would  make  him 
shudder.  This  coarse  and  unbecoming  conduct  was  afterward  charged 
ag.ainst  him. 

He  was  a  widower  when  he  arrived,  but  in  1C38  he  married  Anneke 
Jans,  widow  of  Roeloff  Jans.  She  was  of  Rensellaerwyck.  Her  first  hus- 
band had  received  a  valuable  grant  of  land  near  Red  Hook.  He  had  also 
secured  from  Van  Twiller  a  grant  of  sixty-two  acres  on  Manhattan  Island, 


3G  THE    MINISTRY. 

a  little  north-west  of  Fort  Amsterdam.  This  was  the  original  conveying 
of  the  valuable  estate  north  of  Warren  street,  in  New-York,  now  in  posses- 
sion of  the  corporation  of  Trinity  Church.  Anneke  Jans  had  four  children 
when  she  married  Bogardus — namely,  Sarah,  who  married  John  Kierstead 
and  afterward  Cornelius  Van  Bussum  ;  Catharine,  who  married  John  Van 
Brou'^h  •  Fytie,  who  married  Peter  Hartgers  ;  and  Jan,  who  married  An- 
netje  Peters,  in  1082.  Four  more  were  added  by  her  second  marriage — 
namely,  William,  who  married  Wyntje  Sybrends;  Cornelius,  born  1640, 
who  married  Rachel  De  Witt ;  Jonas,  born  1643,  unmarried  ;  and  Petrus. 
From  these  have  descended  the  innumerable  heirs  of  Anneke  Jans,  em- 
bracing, by  various  intermarriages,  almost  all  the  names  of  the  original 
Dutch  families,  and  who  have  frequently  attempted  litigation  with  the  cor- 
poration of  Trinity  Church  concerning  the  above-mentioned  property. 

As  early  as  1638,  Bogardus  wished  to  go  to  Holland  to  answer  Van 
Dincklagen's  charges  against  him,  but  he  could  not  be  spared.  He  had  a 
daughter  married  in  1G42,  M'hich  event,  after  several  rounds  of  drink,  was 
seized  by  the  Governor  as  a  fit  opportunity  to  secitre  subscriptions  for  a 
new  church  building.  Many  of  the  subscriptions  were  bitterly  repented  of 
afterward,  but  without  avail.  The  Domine  jDrotested  against  Kiefts's  mur- 
derous slaughter  of  the  neighboring  Indians  in  1643  ;  and  two  years  later, 
when  Kieft  refused  the  right  of  appeal  to  the  fatherland,  the  Domine  boldly 
denounced  him  from  the  pulpit,  standing  as  he  did  on  the  side  of  the  peo- 
ple's rights.  Kieft  had  before  this  charged  the  Domine  with  drunkenness 
and  siding  with  the  malcontents.  The  Governor  and  many  of  the  ofBcers 
now  remained  away  from  church  services,  and  excited  parties  to  drum  and 
shout  during  service.  At  last  Kieft  cited  Bogardus  for  trial,  and  matters 
grew  worse  and  worse  till  mutual  friends  interfered.  After  the  arrival  of 
Governor  Stuyvesant  to  supersede  Kieft,  in  July,  1647,  both  Kieft,  with  a 
large  fortune,  and  Bogardus  sailed  in  the  same  vessel  to  Europe  to  give  an 
account  to  their  superiors,  (August  16th,  1047.)  But  by  mistake  they  got 
into  Bristol  Channel  and  were  wrecked  off  the  coast  of  Wales,  and  both 
were  lost.  Out  of  one  hundred  lives,  only  twenty  were  saved.  His  widow 
returned  to  Beverwyck,  (Albany,)  where  she  died  in  1663. 

Bogardus,  Francis  M.  (s.  of  Cor.  Bogardus,  (2.)  )  B.C.  1860,  N.B.S.  1803, 
1.  N.  CI.  L.I.  1863  ;  Greenbush,  1804— 

Bogardus,  Nannixg,  Ilelderbergh,  1830-3,  Fort  Plain,  1834-5,  Wood- 
stock, 1838-42,  Sharon,  1840-8,  Westerlo,  1849-50,  Gallupville,  1852-0, 

S.S.   Canastota,  1858-9,  S.S.  Spraker's  Basin,  1861-0,  w.  c.  ;  d. 

1808. 

Bogardus,  Wm.  E.  B.C.  1800,  N.B.S.  1803,  1.  N.  CI.  L.I.  1803  ;  Middle- 
burgh,  (S.S.)  1863-4,  Unionville  and  Greenburgh,  1865,  Jan.-67,  sup- 
plied Stuyvesant  Falls,  1867-8,  Miss,  to  Norris,  111.  1808— 

Bogardus,  Wm.  R.     U.C.  1813,    N.B.S.  1816,    1.  CI.  N.B.   1810  ;    New- 


TIIK    MINISTRY.  37 

Paltz  and  New-Hurley,  1817-28,  Ncw-Paltz,  1828-31,  Aquackanonck, 

1831-5G,  resigned,  d.  18G2. 

Few  servants  of  Christ  in  the  American  Church  have  been  more  abun- 
dant in  labors  and  in  substantial  spiritual  results.  Unaffectedly  modest 
and  retiring,  ho  was  best  known  and  best  beloved  in  the  two  charges  in 
which  he  had  labored.  lie  always  spoke  of  Nevv-Paltz  and  Hurley,  where 
he  first  settled,  as  his  Jirst  love.  Two  liundred  and  eiglity  were  received 
into  the  church  during  the  fifteen  years  of  his  ministry  among  them.  He 
was  a  fearless,  faithful,  sound  expositor  of  the  word  of  God.  There  was 
an  unction,  too,  in  his  delivery,  a  silvery  clearness  in  his  tones  of  utterance, 
that  caught  the  ear  of  the  listless  hearer,  and  went  thrilling  home  to  the 
awakened  conscience  and  the  believing  heart.  Besides  this,  he  was  instant 
in  season  and  out  of  season.  He  was  faithful  and  earnest  in  his  every 
duty.  In  his  intercourse  with  his  flock,  there  was  a  suavity  combined 
with  native  dignity  which  attracted  all  classes  and  ages.  He  was  every 
whit  a  Christian  gentleman.  In  his  appointments  he  was  scrupulously 
punctual.  In  pastoral  labors  he  was  abundant  and  indeHitigable.  He  was 
peculiarly  happy  in  his  offices  to  the  sick  and  bereaved.  There  was  a 
spiritual  power  in  his  pastoral  ministrations  which,  in  connection  with  his 
labors  in  the  pulpit,  must  account  for  the  unusuallj^  large  number  of  souls 
brought  into  the  kingdom  by  his  ministry.  Sweet  and  melting,  and  often 
overpowering,  were  his  addresses  at  the  communion-table.  He  was  always 
prominent,  too,  in  every  good  work.  He  was  the  pioneer  of  the  tempe- 
rance reform  in  Ulster  County.  When  the  parsonage  barn  was  raised,  he 
dared  to  introduce  the  innovation  of  dispensing  with  the  use  of  liquors  on 
such  occasions.  On  an  inverted  hogshead  were  placed,  instead  of  the 
death-dealing  poison,  a  pitcher  of  cold  water  and  a  bundle  of  temperance 
tracts.     As  his  end  drew  near,  not  a  shadow  or  fear  disturbed  him. 

Bogart,  David  Schuyler,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1770,  C.C.  1790,  studied  Theol.  under 
Livingston,  1.  by  Synod  of  R.D.  Churches,  1792;  Miss,  along  the  Hudson, 
and  to  the  North,  as  far  as  St.  Croi.x,  1792,  Albany,  as  an  assistant,  1792 
-6,  (South-Hampton,  L.  I.,  Presbyt.)  1796-180G,  Bloomingdalc,  180G-7, 
(South-Hampton  again,)  1807-13,  Success  and  Oyster  Baj',  1813-26,  d. 
1839. 

As  a  student  he  was  zealous  and  indefatigable.  '  His  researches  extended 
to  many  departments  of  science  and  literature.  He  sought  in  them  all, 
truth,  rather  than  mere  knowledge.  He,  therefore,  ever  stood  forth  as  the 
fearless  and  uncompromising  advocate  of  truth.  He  habituated  himself  to 
read  the  Greek  Testament,  so  as  to  feel  the  idiomatic  force  of  the  original. 
He  was  conspicuous  for  uncommon  quickness  of  perception,  great  clearness 
in  the  presentation  of  his  views,  facility  of  diction,  and  a  graceful  and  im- 
pressive oratory.  His  frequent  contributions  to  literary  journals  of  the 
city,  his  extensive  private  correspondence,  and  his  public  ministrations, 
were  all  characterized  by  this  abiding  and  unconquerable  love  of  truth.  In 
temperament  he  was  cheerful,  kind,  and  generous,  and  in  deportment  uni- 


38  THE    MINISTKT. 

formly  bland  and  affable.  To  these  qualities  of  heart  and  intellect  was 
united  a  memory  of  surprising  vigor  and  tenacity,  from  whose  rich  stores 
his  friends  might  derive  instruction  and  gratification,  ever  new  and  ever 
interesting. 

BoGEBT,  Nic.  J.  M.     E.G.  1864,  N.B.S.  1867,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1867;  Metuchen, 

18G7— 
Bogert,  Samuel,  studied  under  Froeligh,  1.  1804,  d.  1868. 

BoiCE,  Ika  CON0ICT,  Carhsle  Col.  Pa.  1823,  N.B.S.  1826,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1826; 
Salem  and  Union,  1826-9,  Bergen  Neck,  1829-44,  Claverack,  1844-59, 
North-Hempstead,  1859 — 

BoLKS,  S.  From  Holland;  Overyssel,  1851-3,  Grand  Haven,  1858-5,  Mil- 
waukee, 1855-61,  Chicago,  1st,  1861-2,  High  and  Low  Prairie,  1862-5, 
Zeeland,  1865— 

Bolton,  Jas.  U.C.  1851,  U.S.  1853,  1.  Presbyt.  Brooklyn,  1853;  Ford- 
ham,  1856-65,  Colt's  Neck,  1865— 

[Bondet, 'Daniel,  French  Ref.  Boston  and  "Worcester,  1685-96,  New-Ro- 
chelle,  1697.] 

[Bonner, a  student  under  Stoy,  1757.] 

Bonney,  Peres  B.     R.C.  1857,  N.B.S.  1861 ;  became  Presbyterian. 

[Bonrepos,  David,  French  Ref.  New-Rochelle,  16.. -97,  supplied  New- 
Paltz  occasionally,  1696-1700,  Fresh-Kill,  Staten  Island,  1697-1717. 
(See  Van  Pelfs  Hist.  Sermon.) 

Bookstaver,  A.  Augustus,  R.C.  1866;  student  in  N.B.S. 

Bookstaver,  Jacob,  b.  at  Montgomery,  N.Y.  1817,  R.C.  1837,  N.B.S.  1840, 
1.  C!.  Orange,  1840  ;  Minisink,  1841-7,  Teacher  at  Belleville,  1847-8, 
d.  Dec.  11th. 

His  great-grandf\ither,  Jacob  Bookstaver,  was  one  of  the  first  German 
settlers  on  the  Walkill,  and,  in  1732,  was  chosen  as  the  first  deacon  of  the 
Church  of  Montgomery,  then  German  Reformed. 

Left  an  orphan  in  infancy,  he  was^piously  i-eared  by  an  aunt.  He  was 
not  a  man  of  shining  talents,  but  he  had  an  amiable  and  generous  temper. 
His  health  was  not  excellent,  which  prevented  him  from  that  extensive 
usefulness  which  he  would  have  desired.     He  was  called  suddenly  away. 

[Boos,  ,    Reading,  Pa.,  1771-82 ;  in  1775,  CI.  Amsterdam  urged  his 

removal.] 

Bork,  Christian,  b.  in  Berlin,  Prussia,  1758,  stud,  under  Bassett,  1.  CI. 
Albany,  1798  ;  Schodack  and  Bethlehem,  1798-1803,  Union,  Union  Vil- 
lage, and  Schodack,  1803-8,  Franklin  St.  N.Y.C.  1808-23,  d. 
His  baptismal  name  was  George  Christian  Frederick.     His  father,  an  offi- 
cer in  the  Prussian  army,  died  of  a  wound  received  before  his  son  Chris- 


THE    MINISTRY.  39 

tian  was  born,  lie  was  religiously  educated  by  his  mother,  and  at  the  age 
of  fourteen  was  confirmed  in  the  Lutheran  Church.  Nothing  is  known  of 
him  further,  until  about  his  eighteenth  year,  when  an  event  occurred  which 
intluenced  the  whole  of  his  subsqucnt  life.  Attending  to  some  business  for 
his  mother,  when  about  thirty  miles  from  home,  he  was  seized  by  the 
agents  of  government,  and  pressed  into  the  military  service,  and  was  sent 
with  others  to  this  country  to  aid  the  British  in  subduing  the  United 
States,  which  had  just  declared  themselves  free  and  independent.  Under 
these  circumstances,  he  left  his  fond  and  excellent  mother,  and  the  land  ol 
his  birth,  and  embarked,  never  again  to  revisit  the  scenes  of  his  childhood 
and  youth.  The  next  year,  1777,  the  troops  to  which  he  belonged  joined  a 
part  of  Gen.  Burgojme's  army.  After  Burgoyne  and  his  army  surrendered 
at  Saratoga,  he,  with  many  of  the  German  troops,  chose  to  remain  in  this 
country.  He  left  the  British  army  shortly  after  they  departed  from  Al- 
bany ;  and,  having  been  educated  at  Berlin,  he  took  charge  of  a  school,  a 
few  miles  from  the  city,  on"  the  road  to  Kinderhook.  He  joined  a  regiment 
of  New-York  State  Levies,  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Marinus  Willett, 
in  the  spring  of  1781,  having  the  post  of  an  orderly-sergeant;  and  was 
honorably  discharged  from  this  service  on  the  29th  of  December,  in  the 
same  year. 

About  this  period,  and  probably  while  yet  in  the  arm}',  it  pleased  the 
Lord  to  call  him  effectually  under  a  sermon,  preached  in  a  barn  in  the 
Manor  of  Livingston,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Livingston,  who  had  left  the  city  ot 
New-York  on  account  of  the  war. 

And  Mr.  Bork  has  stated  that,  while  in  the  army,  he  often  collected  a 
number  of  soldiers  around  him  on  the  Lord's  day,  to  whom  he  read  consid- 
erable portions  of  the  Bible. 

After  his  discharge  from  the  regiment  of  Col.  AYillett,  he  continued  to 
teach  school  for  about  twelve  years. 

It  is  said  that  his  sermons  were  remarkable  for  the  rich  abundance  of 
scriptural  quotations  which  he  introduced.  And,  while  he  was  truly  bold 
and  zealous  in  his  Master's  service,  not  shunning  to  declare  the  whole 
counsel  of  God,  he  nevertheless  delighted  to  speak  of  the  power,  the  grace, 
and  the  love  of  the  Saviour,  concerning  which  he  had  large  experience.  In 
short,  he  seemed  to  have  much  of  the  spirit  of  the  ancient  martyr  whose 
dying  exclamation  was,  "None  but  Christ!  none  but  Christ!" — 0.  V.  C. 

Borst,  John  W.     R.C.  1801,  N.B.S.,  d.  1864. 

Bourne,  Geo.     B.  1780,  at  Westbury,  Eng.,  Ilomerton  Sem.,  London,  1804, 

lie.  1804 ;     (settled  in  Virginia  and  Maryland,  1804-..,  Germantown, 

Pa.  Presbyt.  18..-..,  Princii)al  of  Academy  at  Sing  Sing,  and  Pastor 

of  Presbyt.   Ch.   18..-..,  Quebec,  Canada,  Cong.  Ch.  18.. -33,  (S.S.) 

•^West-Farms,  1839-42,  d.  1845. 

He  possessed  an  athletic  frame  and  robust  constitution,  and  always  en- 
joyed vigorous  health.  Coming  in  contact  with  the  institution  of  slavery  in 
the  South,  he  bore  his  testimony  against  it  with  directness,  intrepidity,  and 


40  THE   MINISTKT. 

boldness,  both  orally  and  b)'  the  press.  He  was  subjected  to  great  opposi- 
tion and  severe  trials.  He  also  became,  in  Canada,  an  earnest  opponent  to 
Romanism  beino-  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  discussions  of  the  day.  After 
1833  he  lived  in  New-York  City;  and,  while  supplying  the  Houston  St. 
chapel  and  vacant  churches,  he  edited,  for  some  years.  The  Protestq,nt  Vin- 
dicator. He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  periodicals  and  to  the  press  ; 
was  an  author ;  and  also  secured  the  republication  of  many  valuable  works, 
editin"-  them  himself.  His  knowledge  of  books  and  of  general  literature 
was  extensive. 

His  prominent  trait  of  character  was  his  intrepidity  in  what  he  believed 
to  be  right.  Many  of  his  friends  thought  that  a  little  more  of  the  suaviter 
in  modo,  combined  with  the  fortiter  in  re,  would  have  increased  his  useful- 
ness and  efficiency.  But  no  one  doubted  his  sincerity  and  whole-souled 
devotion  in  his  course.  He  was  also  kind  and  frank.  He  died  suddenly, 
in  the  office  of  The  Cltristian  Intelligencer,  from  heart  disease. 

Boyd,  Hugh  M.  U.C.  1813,  N.B.S.  1830,  Saratoga,  1830-3,  Schaghticoke, 
1835-41,  d.  184G. 

Boyd,  John  C.     Caughnawaga,  1864 — 

Boyd,  Joshua,  lie.  Presbyt.  Elizabeth,  1826  ;  Miss,  to  Roxbury  and  Mid- 
dletown,  N.Y.  1826-7,  to  Herkimer  and  Fallsburgh,  1827-8,  Rotter- 
dam, 1st  and  2d,  1828-36,  Rotterdam,  2d,  1836-40  Middleburgh, 
1840-2,  Germantown,  N.Y.  1842-50,  w.  c. 

Boyse,  Wm.  Miss,  to  Woodstock  and  Ashoken,  1826-9,  AYoodstock, 
1829-37,  d.  1853. 

Brace,  Frederick  R.     L.  CI.  N.B.  1860,  1861,  Presbyt. 

Bradford,  John  M.  b.  1781  at  Bradford,  Ct.,  («.  of  Rev.  Ebenezer  Bradford, 
of  Danbury  ;)  studied  under  Dr.  Green,  of  Philadelphia  ;  Albany,  1805- 
20,  susp.  1822  ;  restored,  d.  1827. 

He  was  a  man  of  fine  appearance,  dignified  manners,  and  was  an  eloquent 
and  impressive  preacher.  Few  men  have  been  better  fitted  by  natural  en- 
dowments for  the  position  of  a  public  speaker.  His  voice  was  uncommon- 
ly melodious,  and  his  gesticulation  dignified  and  graceful.  His  style  was 
rich  and  yet  chaste  ;  and  his  sermons  were  compositions  of  a  high  order. 
For  years  he  commanded  large  audiences,  and  was  reckoned  among  the 
distinguished  pulpit  orators  of  the  day. 

Bradford,  \Y.  J.     Lysander,  1849-55,  w.  c. — 

[Brandmiller,  John,  b.  1704,  at  Basel,  Switz.,  came  to  America,  1741 ; 
ordained,  1745;  Allemoengel  and  Donegal,  1745-59,  Teacher  at  Naza- 
reth, Pa.  1759-67,  died  1777.] — Harhauglt^s  Lives. 

Brandt,  Henry  W.  N.B.S.  1862,  1.  CI.  Holland,  1862 ;  Miss,  to  Belgium, 
1862-65,  Miss,  in  South-Africa,  1865— 


THE   MINISTRY.  41 

(Bres,  Guido  de,  [or,  Guy  de  Bray,]  b.  in  Province  of  Ilainault,  Belgium, 
about   1525,  Ruyssel,  1550  (?)-62,   Ghent,    15G2,   studying   Latin   and 
Theology  more  fully  at  Lausanne  and  Geneva,  1562-5,  Valenciennes, 
15G5  ;   Esdam,  1500,  Antwerp,  1506-8,  Valenciennes,  1508-9,  d.) 
In  early  life  he  ■uas  enthusiastic  in  his  attachment  to  tlic  rites  and  cere- 
monies of  the  Papal  Church,  but,  becoming  accpiaintcd  with  the  Scriptures, 
they  enlightened  his  mind  and  converted  his  heart.     lie  soon  began  to  ex- 
plain them  to  small  companies  in  private  houses. 

AVhen  it  was  attempted  to  introduce  the  inquisition  in  Holland,  he  fled 
to  Engh^nd.  This  was  about  1548,  under  the  reign  of  P^dward  VL,  when 
religious  toleration  existed  there.  lie  resided  in  London,  and  earned  his 
living  by  portrait-painting,  worshiping  in  the  Reformed  Church,  which  still 
exists  there. 

As  soon  as  possible  he  returned  to  the  continent,  and  began  the  work  of 
a  Reformer  in  an  earnest  and  devoted  spirit.  At  Ruyssel,  in  West-Flan- 
ders, a  considerable  body  of  true  believers  already  existed,  who  were  pre- 
pared to  risk  cverj'  thing  for  the  truth.  AVhile  here,  he  opposed  and  wrote 
against  the  Anabaptists.  He  continued  his  labors  in  this  place  till  1052, 
when  the  martyrdom  of  the  Ogier  family  dispersed  his  flock,  and  left  him 
without  a  people.  About  this  time  he  wrote  the  Belgic  Confession  of  Faith. 
He  now  went  to  Ghent  to  labor,  being  less  exposed  to  persecution  there. 
While  here,  he  wrote  The  Staff  of  Faith,  consisting  mostly  of  extracts  from 
the  old  Reformers. 

Feeling  the  need  of  more  extensive  acquaintance  with  theological  lore,  and 
knowing  that  the  Latin  tongue  was  the  key  to  these  treasures,  he  repaired 
to  Lausanne,  and  afterward  to  Geneva,  to  perfect  himself  in  that  language, 
and  to  study  divinity.  From  Geneva  he  was  sent  to  the  Church  of  Valen- 
ciennes, (1565,)  where  he  labored,  also  meantime,  reestablishing  the  church 
at  Ruyssel,  and  another  at  Doorwick.  He  remained  safe  amid  all  the  rag- 
ing persecutions  of  Philip.  lie  preached  the  Gospel  in  many  places.  For 
a  time  he  again  fled  from  his  native  land.  When  the  city  of  Valenciennes 
was  taken,  in  1509,  he  was  among  the  prisoners,  as  well  as  his  associate- 
pastor,  Peregrine  le  Grange.  They  almost  succeeded  in  escaping;  but, 
when  outside  the  city  walls,  they  fell  captive  into  the  hands  of  the  Mayor 
of  Great  St.  Armand.  Thence  they  were  sent  back  to  Valenciennes,  and, 
in  a  few  days,  both  these  excellent  men  were  hanged. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  zealous  and  gifted  among  those  popular  preachers 
who  carried  the  word  of  God  with  such  irresistible  force  through  the  Low 
Countries,  in  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century.  Thousands  flocked  to 
hear  the  Gospel  in  the  gardens,  along  the  dykes,  and  in  the  open  fields. 

Brett,  Cornelius,  (s.  of  P.M.  Brett,)  N.Y.U.  1862,  N.B.S.  1865, 1.  S.  CI.  L.L 
1865  ;  Flatlands,  1805— 

Brett,  Philip  Mileldoler,  (son-in-law  of  Dr.  Milledoler,)  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1818, 
R.C.  1834,  N.B.S.  1838,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1838;  Nyack  1838-42,  St.  Thomas, 
W.  L  1842-46,  Mt.  Pleasant,  N.Y.  1846-51,  Tompkinsville,  1851-60,  d. 


42  THE   MINISTRY. 

In  his  char"-e  on  Staten  Island,  he  entered  with  zeal  on  the  work  of  build- 
ing up  the  church,  after  the  new  organization  at  Stapleton  had  been  formed. 
His  earnest  piety,  tireless  energy,  warm  sympathy,  genial  friendship,  and 
manly  frankness,  soon  won  all  hearts,  and  gathered  many  friends  around 
him.  Few  pastors  have  succeeded  so  fully  in  obtaining  and  retaining  the 
affection  and  confidence  of  their  people.  In  a  ministry  of  eight  years,  there 
were  added  157  persons  to  this  church,  114  being  on  profession  of  their 
faith. 

Dr.  Brett  was  of  a  dignified  and  noble  presence;  his  features  ever  wore 
an  expression  of  attractive  gentleness,  which  drew  the  heart  even  of  child- 
hood to  him.  The  little  ones  of  the  flock  had  multiplied  assurances  that 
they  were  cherished  in  his  heart  as  objects  of  his  tenderest  interest,  for 
whose  pleasure  he  was  ever  devising  plans,  and  for  whose  souls  he  watched 
with  untiring  devotion. 

He  was  suddenly  stricken  down,  after  having  preached  a  sermon  prepa- 
ratory to  communion.  For  four  months  he  suffered  before  he  died.  His 
people  testified  of  him  that  he  was  all  that  they  could  have  wished  him  to 
be — affectionate,  zealous,  faithful,  and  self-sacrificing. 

Says  Dr.  Mathews,  "He  was  a  very  successful  and  able  minister,  of  an 
elevated  tone  of  piety,  of  great  consistency  of  character,  universally  be- 
loved and  respected  both  in  his  own  congregation  and  out  of  it.  He  dis- 
covered a  peculiar  fondness  to  the  great  leading  doctrines  of  grace,  which 
formed  a  prominent  staple  of  his  discourses.  Toward  the  close  of  his  days, 
there  was  a  peculiar  maturity  and  heavenly-mindedness  about  him  which 
seemed  to  betoken  his  early  departure.  He  had  a  clear,  lucid  mind,  and 
his  ministrations  were  greatly  blessed.  His  affectionate  manner  gave  spe- 
cial power  to  his  ministrations." 

Brinkerhoff,  Geo.  G.,  b.  at  Closter,  N.J.  1761,  studied  under  Mej^er,  Ro- 
meyn,  and  Froeligh,  1.  by  the  Synod  of  D.  R.  chs.  1788 ;  Miss,  to  the 
north,  1789,  Conewago,  Pa.  1789-93,  Kakeat  and  Ramapo,  1793-180G, 
Sempronius,  near  Owasco,  1808-13,  d.  Also  Miss,  to  Genesee  Country, 
1796. 

His  congregation  at  Conewago  was  broken  up  about  the  time  of  his  de- 
parture thence  by  the  almost  total  emigration  of  his  people  further  west. 
He  was  a  godly  man  and  a  faithful  Christian  minister.  Mild  and  gentle  in 
temper,  he  was  firm  and  resolute  in  his  opinions  and  purposes.  He  expe- 
rienced a  change  of  heart  so  early  in  life  that  he  could  not  remember  the 
time  ;  and  his  spiritual  exercises,  as  revealed  in  his  religious  conversation, 
are  said  to  have  been  very  deep  and  earnest,  while  his  daily  conduct  was 
marked  by  simplicity  and  godly  sincerity.  His  death  was  remarkably 
calm,  and  even  triumphant.  On  Saturday  morning  he  remarked  to  his 
family,  "  I  think  I  may  live  until  Tuesday  ;"  but  in  a  few  moments  he 
looked  around  and  said,  "  I  was  wrong  ;  a  little  after  midnight,  this  very 
night,  my  Lord  and  Master  will  call  for  me."  He  then  called  his  relatives, 
friends,  and  neighbors  who  were  in  the  house,  to  his  bedside,  and  gave 


THE   AriNISTUY.  48 

them  his  parting  counsels  at  considerable  length,  after  which  he  said, 
"  Now  I  have  done  with  this  world.  Why  tarry  thy  chariot  wheels  so 
long,  0  Lord  ?"  On  being  asked  wlicther  he  had  any  doubts  of  his  sal- 
vation, he  replied,  "  No  ;  if  I  were  to  doubt  now,  I  would  sin."  IJctwcen 
tlie  hours  of  one  and  two  on  Sabbath  morning,  as  he  had  predicted,  his 
Master  called  him  home'. — P.  D.   V.  C. 

Brinkerhoff,  Jas.  G.  Studied  under  Froeligh,  1819  ;  Montville,  1821-4, 
seceded,  suspended ;  [Montville,  1824,  English  XcifjhhorJiood,  1824, 
Montville,  1825-8,  Montville  and  Parmnus,  1828-30,  Paramiis  and 
Clarkstown,  1830-40,  Paramus,  1840-44,  Mt.  Morris,  1844-. ..] 

Bkock,  John  R.  R.C.  1859,  N.B.S.  18G2,  1.  CI.  Passaic,  1802;  West 
New-Hempstead,  1862-6,  Spring  Valley,  18GG— 

Brodhead,    Jacob,   b.   at  Marbletown,    N.Y.    1782,    U.C.    1801,   tutor   in 
U.C.    1802,    studied  theology  under   Froeligh   and   D.  Romeyn,  1.  CI. 
Alban}',  1804;    Rhinebeck  Flats,   1804-9,  New-York,   1809-13,   Phila- 
delphia,  Crown    St.   1813-26,    New-York,    Broome   St.    1826-37,    Flat- 
bush,  Ulster  Co.  1837-41,  Brooklyn,  Central,  1841-6,  d.  1855. 
Having  dedicated  himself  to  God  in  his  youth,  he  kept  his  vow  steadily 
until  the  end.     So  far  from  losing  the  waraith  of  his  love,  it  grew  witli  his 
experience  and  knowledge  of  his  Saviour.      No  one  could  look  on  his 
marked,  pleasing  features,  expressive  of  thought  and  feeling,  his  tall,  manlj^ 
frame,  and  his  easy,  prompt  movement,  without  recognizing  a  sound  mind 
in  a  sound  body.     Frank,  generous,  and  kind,  ho  appeared  what  he  was. 
Keenly  sensitive,  he  could  not  disguise  his  feeling  of  wrong  ;  and  courteous 
himself,  he  expected  courtesy.     With  less  quickness  of  nerve  and  emotion, 
he  would  have  lacked  that  appreciation  of  others  which  was  his  chief 
charm,  and  that  perception  of  fitness  which  was  his  chief  talent.     Vanity 
was  too  mean  a  vice  to  reach  him  ;  but  with  less  grace  in  his  heart,  he 
Avould  have  been  proud.     When  he  gave  you  his  hand,  you  knew  that  his 
heart  came  with  it,  and  his  smiles  or  his  tears  were  as  natural  as  a  child's. 
He  was  firm,  yet  not  impassible  ;' consistent,  yet  never  pragmatical; 
steadfast  in  faith  and  virtue,   but  free  from  exacting  bigotry  and  petty 
scrupulosities  ;  fearless  in  censure  of  vice  and  error,  yet  tolerant  of  human 
weakness  ;  covetous  of  converse  with  the  gravely  wise  and  wisely  good,  j'et 
aifcctionately  considerate  of  the  young,  and  delighting  to  take  little  children 
up  in  his  arras ;  open  to  approach  and  winning  in  his  advances  ;  so,  min- 
j:ling  freely  with  all  classes,  but  ever  mindful  of  his  allegiance  to  the  king- 
dom which  is  not  of  this  world,  he  proved  not  less  in  the  common  duties 
of  daily  life  than  in  the  fellowships  of  Christian  solemnity,  that  his  piety 
was  a  dominant  principle,  maintained  by  habitual  communion  with  God, 
study  of  the  Scriptures,  and  contemplation  of  eternal  things. 

To  say  he  never  had  an  enemy  were  poor  praise,  for  he  followed  the  Cru- 
cified ;  yet  no  scandal  ever  clung  to  his  name,  no  blot  rests  on  his  memo- 
ry, nor  even  an  eccentric  folly  impairs  the  pleasantness  of  the  image  he 


44  THE   MIlSriSTET. 

has  left  on  our  minds.  In  his  personal  friendships  he  was  true  and  con- 
stant. He  shrank  from  no  responsibility  which  Providence  laid  on  him. 
He  preached  the  Gospel  in  its  simplicity.  His  style  was  an  unusual  com- 
pound of  didactic  statement,  glowing  illustration,  and  pathetic  ardor.  In 
Philadelphia  lie  had  control  over  crowds  of  hearers,  unparalleled  in  the 
history  of  that  city  and  rare  in  modern  times.  Thousands  hung  weeping 
on  his  utterances,  and  hearts  long  obdurate  broke  in  penitence,  as  he 
pleaded  with  demonstration  of  the  Spirit.  Yet  he  never  truckled  to  vul- 
garity of  taste,  or  prejudice,  or  passion  ;  never  pleased  the  gross  ear  by  in- 
vective or  caricature  ;  never  scoffed  at  the  recorded  wisdom  of  pious  expe- 
rience, nor  acted  the  pantomime  of  droll  or  clown.  He  was  ever  solemn, 
earnest,  reverent  of  God,  and  respectful  to  man.  Tenderness  was  espe- 
cially his  characteristic.  Having  that  almost  instinctive  skill  to  reach  the 
more  sensitive  chords  of  the  human  heart,  he  could  not  restrain  his  emo- 
tion while  he  probed  the  torpid  conscience  or  applied  the  balm  of  Gilead  to 
the  bleeding  spirit.  He  delighted  to  preach  on  scriptural  narratives,  ex- 
hibiting the  humanity  common  to  us  all,  and  making  his  hearers  feel  the  ap- 
plicability of  the  moral.  But  a  man  of  such  strong  feelings  lives  fast ;  and 
though  he  was  clear,  interesting,  impressive  to  the  end,  it  could  not  be  ex- 
pected that  he  would  retain  all  the  enthusiasm  of  his  palmy  prime ;  but  the 
age  that  sobered  mellowed  him,  and  his  older  hearers  liked  him  not  the 
less;  and  his  last  charge,  relinquished  in  his  sixty-fifth  year,  was  more 
fruitful  than  the  first. 

His  ministry  was  more  successful,  it  is  thought,  than  that  of  any  other 
minister  in  the  annals  of  our  Church.  During  thirty-four  years  he  re- 
ceived the  average  number  of  twenty-four  persons  annually  into  the  Church 
on  profession  of  faith.  Some  of  his  churches  were  also  new  or  feeble  when 
he  took  charge  of  them. — From  Memoi'ial  hy  0.   W.  B. 

Bkoek,  D.  R.C.  18G1,  N.B.S.  1864,  1.  CI.  Holland,  18G4;  Graafschap, 
1865— 

[Broeffle,  J.  L.  (or  Preffie,)  Canajoharie,  1784-8,  Schoharie,  1788-98  ?] 

Brokaw,  Abram,  Q.C.  1793,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  Owasco, 
1796-1808,  Ovid,  1808-22,  susp.  ;  seceded,  d.  1846. 

Brokaw,  Isaac  P.     R.C.  1866,  student  in  N.B.S. 

Bronk,  Robert,  b.  at  Coxsackie,  1789,  C.N.J.  1810,  N.B.S.  1813,  1.  CI. 
N.B.  1813 ;  Washington  and  Boght,  1813-23,  Washington,  (or  West- 
Troy,)  1823-34,  d.  1837. 

His  father  was  a  revolutionary  patriot  and  statesman.  He  gave  his  son 
a  thorough  education.  The  intellectual  traits  of  the  son  were  clear,  strong 
sense,  logical  accuracy,  and  a  vigorous  memory.  He  never  cultivated  his 
imagination,  although,  in  the  boldness  of  his  appeals  and  his  occasional 
flights  of  fancy,  he  gave  evidence  that  he  was  not  deficient  in  that  faculty. 
He  had  the  elements  of  a  powerful  preacher,  though  without  the  finished 


THE   MINISTRY.  45 

graces  of  oratoiy.  lie  was  exceedingly  honest  and  conscientious.  He  be- 
lieved that  true  religion  had  its  seat  in  the  heart,  inseparably  connected 
with  purity  of  sentiment  and  strictness  of  practice.  lie  valued  correct 
doctrine  chiellj'^  because  it  was  the  only  true  basis  of  sound  moralit}'.  lie 
had  deeply  studied  the  old  writers,  and  his  preaching  was  uncommonly 
logical  and  strong.  lie  was  also  discriminating  in  his  views  and  definite  in 
their  application.  Those  who  heard  him  oftcnest  liked  him  most.  lie  was 
firm  yet  jirudcnt.  He  shrunk  from  no  proper  responsibility,  because  he 
expected  to  give  account  to  God.  His  course  was  a  mean  between  a  tem- 
porizing policy  and  an  obstinate  attachment  to  traditionary  forms.  He  was 
liberal  in  his  views  of  doctrine  and  in  his  treatment  of  men.  He  was  also 
a  laborious  and  successful  pastor,  and  instrumental  in  turning  many  to 
righteousness.  He  was  liberal  with  the  means  with  which  God  had  blessed 
him,  and  a  warm  friend  of  the  great  religious  enterprises  of  the  da}'. 

Bronson,  Asahel,  Wynantskill,  1833-G,  Fairfield,  183G-8,  Easton,  N.Y. 
1838-9,  Amity,  18-i0-2. 

Bronson,  Oliver,  U.C.  1845,  Kinderhook,  1854-7,  Presbyt.  d.  1860. 

Brower,  Thomas,  Schenectady,  1715-28,  (or  1712-23.) 

Brower,  Cornelius,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1770,  C.C.  1792,  studied  under  Living- 
ston, 1.  CI.  N.Y.  1793  ;  Poughkeepsie  and  Stoutenburgh,  1794-1812, 
supplied  Hyde  Park,  1812-15,  Prof,  in  High  School  at  Utica,  and  S.S. 
at  Frankfort,  1815-33,  supplied  frequently  Arcadia,  Gorham,  and  Tyre, 
1833-45,  d. 

During  all  the  latter  part  of  his  life  he  did  the  work  of  an  evangelist,  and 
from  his  home  in  Geneva  supplied  many  churches  around.  He  allowed  no 
inclemency  to  prevent  his  fulfilling  his  appointments.  Courteous  to  all, 
showing  no  private  resentments,  never  obtrusive,  his  gravity  was  without 
moroseness  and  his  cheerfulness  without  levity.  He  was  a  thorough 
classical  scholar  and  mathematician.  lie  possessed  an  extensive  biblical 
knowledge  and  was  well  read  in  the  standard  religious  works  of  the  last 
centur3\  His  mental  qualities  were  mild  and  steady,  rather  than  brilliant 
or  dazzling.  He  was  more  desirous  of  being  useful  than  popular.  He  had 
his  severe  conflicts  with  temptation,  but  triumphed  over  them. 

Brower,  Stephen  II,  Studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  1.  180G  ;  Green- 
wich, N.Y.C.  (S.S.  ?)  1806-7. 

Brown,  C.     1840. 

Brown,  Henry  J.  L.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1857,  Miss,  to  Battle  Creek,  1858- 
62  ;  Episcopalian. 

Browx,  Samuel  R.  Y.C.  1832,  Columbia  Sem.  S.C.  and  U.S.  1838, 1.  by  3d 
Presbyt.  N.Y.  1838;  (also  teacher  in  N.Y.  Inst,  for  Deaf  and  Dumb, 
183-1^8,)  Manager  of  the  Morrison  Chinese  School,  for  boys,  at  Canton, 
China,   1838-47,  returned  to  America ;   Owasco  Outlet,  1851-9,  voyage 


4G  THE   MINISTRY. 

to  Japan,  May-Nov.  1859,  Kanagawa,  1859-63,  Yokohama,  18G3-7,  (act- 
ing pastor  of  First  Rcf.  cli.  in  Japan,  1862-7,)  voyage  to  America,  April- 
July,  1867,  supplying  Owasco  Outlet,  1868— 

Previous  to  his  ordination  he  was  an  accepted  missionary  of  the  Ameri- 
can Board  •  but  as  that  Board  had  then  some  fifty  accepted  missionaries 
and  not  the  means  to  send  them,  he  returned  to  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Insti- 
tution to  resume  his  labors  there,  while  waiting  an  opportunity  to  go 
abroad.  In  about  a  month  he  was  waited  on  by  a  committee  of  three 
members  of  the  Faculty  of  Yale  College  to  go  to  China,  in  the  service  of 
the  Morrison  Education  Society,  organized  in  honor  of  that  pioneer  mis- 
sionary. The  American  Board  at  once  released  him  from  his  obligations  to 
them,  to  take  charge  of  this  work.  This  was  the  first  Christian  school  in 
China.  Rev.  E.  C.  Bridgeman  and  others  were  fellow-laborers  in  this 
work.  Dr.  Brown  sailed  in  October,  1838,  in  company  with  Rev.  David 
Abeel,  on  his  second  voyage. 

He  was  at  length  obliged  to  leave  this  position  by  the  failure  of  his  wife's 
health,  and,  returning  to  America,  he  remained  till  the  mission  to  Japan 
4^  was  started  by  the  Reformed  Church,  when  he  again  offered  his  services, 

and  was  accepted.  After  eight  years'  services,  his  house  and  all  his  effects, 
including  books  and  papers,  having  been  burned  at  Yokohama,  leaving  him 
without  shelter,  he  returned  again  to  America,  partly  also  with  the  design 
of  making  provision  for  the  education  of  a  daughter.  He  now  awaits  the 
action  of  the  Reformed  Church  to  provide  him  a  house  and  send  him  back 
to  Japan. 

Brown,  Walter  Scott,  C.N.J.  1860,  P.S.  1863,  1.  Presbyt.  Hudson,  1862; 
Bethel,  N.Y.  1864-7,  Fallsburgh,  1867— 

Brownlee,  Jas.,  (nephew  of  W.  C.  Brownlee,)  Glasgow  University,  1826, 
studied  theol.  under  Dr.  John  Dick,  1.  Presbyt.  Kilmarnock,  Scotland, 
1832  ;  (Dom.  Miss,  in  Scotland,  1832-4,)  Port  Richmond,  S.I.  1835— 

Brownlee,  Wm.  C,  b.  in  Scotland,  1783,  University  of  Glasgow,  1806? 
1.  by  Presbyt.  Stirling,  Scotland,  1808  ?  (Mt.  Pleasant  and  Burgettstown, 
Pa.,  Assoc.  Ref.  1808-13,  Philadelphia,  AValnut  St.  Assoc.  Scotch, 
1813-15,  rector  of  Academy  at  New-Brunswick,  1815-17,  Baskenridge, 
N.J.  Presbyt.  1817-25,)  Prof,  of  Langs,  in  R.C.  1825-6,  New- York, 
1826-48,  emeritus,  d.  18G0. 

At  the  noon  of  his  life  and  influence  he  was  smitten  with  paralysis,  from 
the  enfeebling  influence  of  which  he  never  recovered.  He  went  out,  the 
strong  man  armed,  to  perform  a  public  duty  at  Newburgh  ;  he  was  brought 
home  weak  as  a  child.  'With  that  stroke,  as  sudden  and  unexpected  as  a 
flash  of  lightning  in  a  clear  sky,  closed  his  public  life.  Never  afterward 
was  his  voice  heard  in  the  sanctuary  of  God  or  in  the  assemblages  of  men. 
Cherished  and  soothed  by  his  family  and  friends  in  private,  he  was  dead 
to  the  public. 
The  first  sight  of  him  impressed  the  beholder.     His  peculiarly  adjusted 


1^ 


f 


^^.^  .#^7^^.*^-^r 


THE    MINISTRY.  *  47 

hair  ;  his  penetrating  eye,  peering  at  ever}'  thing  through  a  pair  of  licavy 
gold  spectacles  ;  his  oj)en,  fresh,  massive  countenance  ;  his  short  neck— if 
neck  it  could  be  called— bound  round  with  a  cravat  of  many  folds  ;  his 
short,  compact,  Jirm  frame,  made  never  to  bend ;  his  firm  step,  indicative 
of  a  firm  purpose— all  these  made  a  lasting  impression.  Ho  was  a  man  of 
unusual  strength  of  mind.  Ilis  imagination,  wit,  irony  were  noticeable  in 
his  conversation,  and  discourses,  and  controversies ;  but  they  were  to  his 
mind  what  the  ripples  on  its  bosom  are  to  tiie  river.  His  thoughts  were 
strong  and  laid  hold  of  great  principles.  And  if  he  seemed  to  deal  severely 
at  times  with  those  who  dilFered  from  him,  it  was  because  he  saw  the  effect 
of  their  false  principles  in  their  remote  consequences.  His  mind  seemed  at 
a  glance  to  distinguish  the  true  from  the  false  ;  and  it  was  a  part  of  his  very 
nature  to  deal  with  the  false  in  morals  and  theology  with  an  unsparing 
hand.     He  regarded  all  error  as  the  enemy  of  all  righteousness. 

His  learning  was  extensive  and  accurate.  Enjoying  all  the  advantages 
of  education  which  his  own  Scotland  could  afford,  he  diligently  improved 
them.  His  connection  for  so  many  years  with  classical  institutions  here 
served  to  give  depth  and  accuracy  to  his  learning.  Besides,  he  was  a  most 
diligent  student.  In  patristic  learning  he  had  but  few  equals,  and  he  had 
fully  mastered  all  the  controversies  of  the  Papal  and  Protestant  Churches. 
With  the  very  shadings  of  thought  which  separate  truth  and  error  he  had 
a  most  familiar  acquaintance.  His  library  was  his  home,  where  he  made 
himself  familiar  with  almost  every  department  of  learning. 

He  was  truly  independent.  He  thought  for  himself,  and  was  made  to 
lead  rather  than  to  follow.  When  he  formed  his  opinions,  they  were  never 
yielded  nor  conceded.  AVhen  he  resolved  on  a  certain  course,  there  was  no 
turning  back,  though  bonds  and  imprisonments  awaited  him.  He  had  no 
armor  or  covering  for  his  back.  In  the  line  of  duty,  he  felt  like  the  eagle 
rising  from  the  rock,  that  above  and  beyond  the  storm  there  was  eternal 
sunshine.  This  characteristic  was  wonderfully  displayed  in  the  contro- 
versy with  the  Ilomish  priests  — Power,  Levins,  and  Varela— in  1833. 
Protestants  were  lukewarm  as  to  the  spread  of  Poper}^  and  politicians 
patronized  it  because  of  the  votes  of  its  adherents  ;  but  Dr.  Brownlee  saw 
in  it  a  lurking  enemy  conspiring  against  religion  and  all  the  great  interests 
of  humanitj',  and  he  resolved  to  drag  it  into  thejight.  And  this  he  did 
with  a  power  and  boldness  that  vows,  threats,  anathemas,  and  the  most 
ribald  abuse  seemed  only  to  strengthen.  And  when  his  friends  feared  his 
appearance  even  in  his  own  church,  he  went  to  work  as  calmly  to  batter 
down  the  walls  of  Romanism  as  he  did  to  visit  the  sick  or  preach  the  sim- 
ple Gospel  to  sinners !  To  his  mind  the  interests  of  true  religion,  the  ex- 
istence of  our  liberties,  and  the  perpetuity  of  the  Republic  were  involved 
in  the  questions  under  dispute ;  and  he  was  heedless  of  danger,  and  re- 
garded the  threats  of  personal  violence  as  an  evidence  of  his  victory  over 
his  assailants. 

But  mingled  with  his  bravery  was  a  most  kind  and  gentle  heart.  These 
are  traits  of  character  generally  united.     While  a  lion  in  public,  he  was 


48  THE    MINISTRY. 

gentle  as  a  lamb  in  private.  Amiable  in  his  temper,  soft  in  his  manners, 
gentle  in  his  tones  of  voice  and  intercourse,  conciliating  in  his  conduct,  he 
soon  dissipated  the  awe  which  his  appearance  and  name  inspired  ;  and  he 
proved  himself  as  genial  and  courteous  in  private  as  he  was  terrific  and 
fearless  when  combating  error  in  public.  He  died  without  a  single  enemy, 
save  the  enemies  of  truth  and  righteousness. 

He  was  an  able  minister  of  the  New  Testament.  Brought  up  amid  the 
early  religious  training  for  which  Scotch  Presbyterians  are  so  famous,  he 
devoted  himself  in  the  morning  of  his  life  to  the  Lord.  The  strong,  mascu- 
line theology  of  Paul,  Calvin,  Knox,  which  made  Scotland  what  it  was  and 
is  became  intertwined  with  his  earliest  thoughts  and  affections.  In  the 
pages  of  the  Bible  and  in  the  volumes  of  the  Covenanters  and  Puritans  he 
found  the  principles  of  all  science  and  the  foundation  of  all  true  wisdom. 
He  conned  them  over  and  over,  early  and  late,  until  their  principles  be- 
came the  law  of  his  life.  This  fact  is  the  key  to  all  that  was  peculiar  in 
his  character  ;  and  whatever  estimate  may  be  formed  of  his  character,  it  is 
certain  that  in  this  way  it  received  its  distinctive  impress.  In  all  his  prin- 
ciples, doctrines,  and  feelings,  he  was  a  Covenanter  of  the  strongest  mould, 
and  his  earnest  and  honest  soul  clung  to  his  principles  as  the  shipwrecked 
sailor  clings  to  the  cliff.  His  preaching  was  strongly  doctrinal  and  argu- 
mentative, and  often  exhaustive  of  the  subject.  His  manner  in  the  pulpit 
was  earnest,  dignified,  and  impressive.  He  never  lowered  its  dignity  by 
unworthy  themes.  He  fed  the  people  with  knowledge  and  understanding, 
and  crowds  attended  his  ministrations.  From  a  full  soul,  that  had  a  rich 
experience  of  its  power,  he  poured  forth  the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus  ;  and, 
although  utterly  averse  to  the  histrionic  and  tinsel  of  the  pulpit,  he  was 
one  of  the  most  popular  preachers  of  his  day. 

It  is  one  of  the  raj^steries  of  Providence  that  we  may  not  comprehend 
why  a  man  of  such  varied  gifts,  of  such  power  for  doing  good,  should  have 
been  so  suddenly  prostrated  in  the  midst  of  his  usefulness,  and  so  long 
continued  without  the  power  of  doing  the  things  that  he  would.  But 
what  we  know  not  now,  we  shall  know  by  and  by.  He  is  dead,  but  he 
will  live  for  ages  in  his  works. — Kincan,  in  N.  Y.  Observer. 

lie  possessed  a  fine  natural  disposition.  Amiable  to  a  remarkable  de- 
gree, unsuspicious,  he  might  be  imposed  upon  by  the  cunning,  but  he  was 
fitted  by  native  kindness  to  be  a  true  and  trusty  friend.  His  endow- 
ments of  mind  had  been  cultivated  M'ith  unremitting  industry.  In  the 
Greek  and  Roman  classics  and  in  belles-lettres  his  acquirements  were  accu- 
rate and  elegant ;  in  general  history  and  literature,  very  extensive  ;  and  in 
theology  he  added  to  the  careful  study  of  the  original  Scriptures,  and  of 
standard  authors,  much  independent  thought ;  so  that  he  was  no  novice, 
but  might  fairly  have  been  called  a  learned  man.  In  his  profession,  parti- 
cularly, he  was  well  qualified  both  to  expound  and  maintain  the  system  oi 
divine  truth  as  set  forth  in  our  Reformed  confessions,  and  also  to  confute 
or  convince  the  gainsayer  by  appropriate  arguments  from  reason  or 
Scripture. 


THE  MINISTRY.  40 

For  several  years  preceding  his  illness  he  had  given  his  thouglits  very 
much  to  the  Papal  controversy.  His  conviction  of  the  destructive  influence 
of  that  religion,  and  of  its  antagonism  to  our  civil  institutions  as  a  policy, 
was  so  controlling,  that,  in  frequent  ministrations  to  his  own  people  and 
by  lectures,  he  exerted  his  best  powers  to  direct  the  popular  attention  to 
the  falsehoods  and  evils  of  the  system.  lie  was  among  the  first  in  this 
country  who  gave  it  special  prominence,  nor  were  his  labors  without  effect 
in  awakening  attention  to  that  subject. 

As  a  preacher,  he  was  graceful,  deliberate,  yet  engaging  in  manner;  al- 
wa3's  perspicuous,  often  argumentative,  and  sometimes  beautifully  imagi- 
native and  finished  in  style;  scriptural,  doctrinal,  and  thoughtful  in  mat- 
ter. He  excelled  in  the  statement  of  doctrines  and  in  expounding  the 
sacred  text.  So  that,  notwithstanding  tlie  method  of  extemporaneous 
speaking  which  he  generally  followed,  he  brought  forth  from  his  richly 
furnished  mind  things  new  and  old,  and  Avas  an  interesting,  able,  and  in- 
structive minister. 

He  was  well  read  in  polemical  theology,  and  was  more  of  a  controvert  id 
than  many  of  his  brethren,  and  much  better.  In  the  Trinitarian,  the  Uni- 
versalist,  as  well  as  the  Catholic  controversies  he  delivered  full  courses  to 
his  people,  and  in  this  capacity  he  was  laborious  in  preparation,  ardent  and 
even  unsparing,  bearing  down  upon  falsehood  and  heresy  with  a  sort  of 
holy  violence,  yet,  in  obedience  to  the  dictates  of  his  generous  heart,  he 
seemed  free  from  bitterness  and  malignity  toward  the  persons  of  his  oppo- 
nents, and  could  still  meet  them  on  kindly  terms. 

He  was  also  known  as  an  author  of  tracts  and  volumes,  both  literary  and 
theological,  of  acknowledged  merit.  His  active  mind  even  ventured  into 
the  field  of  fictitious  writing,  where,  too,  his  taste  and  his  fancy  secured 
the  meed  of  high  praise.  His  volumes  on  Qualcerism^  the  Lights  and  Sha- 
dows of  Christian  Life^  the  Young  Communicant's  Text-Book,  several  pre- 
mium tracts,  The  Iteformed  Dutch  Church  Magazine,  which  he  edited 
through  four  volumes,  and  his  Essays  on  Didactic  and  Controversial  The- 
ology, remain-to  his  friends  and  the  public  as  honorable  memorials  of  the 
mind  from  which  the}'  emanated. — From  Memorial  Sermon  hy  T.  E.  V. 

Bruen,  Jas.  M.     University  of  Pa.  1839,  U.S.  1812,  1.  3d  Presbyt.  N.Y. 
1842  ;  (New- Windsor,  Presbyt.)  1845-8,  Irvington,  1850-2,  w.  c— 

Bruen,  Matthias,  b.  1793,  C.C.  1813,  Assoc.  Ref.  Sem.  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1816  ; 
traveled  in  Europe  with  Dr.  Mason,  1816-18,  ordained  in  London,  1818, 
in  order  to  preach   in   Paris ;    Paris,    six  months,   1818-19,   Miss,    to 
Bleecker  St.  N.Y.C.  Presbyt.  1822-5,  pastor,  1825-9,  d. 
He  was  highly  accomplished  in  manners,  in  literature,  and  in  the  know- 
ledge of  men.     He  was  an  elegant  scholar,  and  often  extremely  happy  in 
bringing  his  learning  to  assist  his  forcible  illustrations  of  practical  subjects. 
The  operations  of  his  mind  were  rapid.     He  had  a  most  retentive  memory 
and  a  sound  judgment.     He  possessed  a  nice  sense  of  what  was  honorable 
and  becoming  the  place  and  time,  as  well  as  lawful,  and  a  characteristic 
4 


50  TUE   MINISTKY. 

abhorrence  of  whatever  is  trickish  and  mean.  With  high  and  honorable 
feelin"-s  he  united  great  ingenuousness  and  humble  views  of  his  own 
powers 'and  acquisitions,  but  especially  of  the  measure  of  his  religion.  No 
person  who  knew  him  could  fail  of  marking  him  for  a  man  of  truth  and 
moral  intrepidity.  There  was  a  beautiful  correspondence  of  his  kindly, 
dignified,  and  discreet  demeanor  to  the  actual  characteristics  of  his  mind. 

Brush,  Alfred  II.  R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  1865,  1.  01.  Raritan,  1865 ;  Shokan 
and  Shandaken,  1865-67,  Nassau,  1867— 

Brush,  John  0.,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  1.  01.  N.Y.  1793 ;  N.  and 
S.  Hampton,  1794-96,  (Dutch  Oreek,  O.-oss  Roads,  and  Dover,  Del. 
Presbyt.)  1796-18. ..     Mints.  G.  S.  I.  p.  463. 

Brush,  Wm.  R.O.  1830,  N.B.S.  1834,  1.  01.  N.Y.  1883;  Guilford,  1834-51, 
Bedminster,  1852-66,  w.  c— 

Brush,  Wm.  W.  R.O.  1862,  N.B.S.  1866,  1.  01.  Raritan,  1866;  Farmer, 
1866-68,  Marbletown,  1868— 

[Bucher,  John  Conrad,  b.  1730,  in  Switzerland  ;  came  to  America  in  1755, 
as  a  military  officer,  the  British,  from  policy,  choosing  German  officers 
for  German  troops;  ordained,  1762;  Carlisle,  1763-8,  also  at  Middle- 
town,  Pa.,  1765-8,  Hummelstown,  1765-7,  Falling  Spring,  1765-8,  Leba- 
non, etc.,  1768-80,  d. 

"  He  was  remarkable  for  having  acquired  a  rich  flow  of  language  and  un- 
precedented copiousness  and  energy  of  thought,  which  rendered  him  useful, 
and  attracted  the  attention  of  all  who  heard  him." — Ilarlaugh's  Lives.] 

Buck,  0ns.  D.  W.O.  1845,  U.S.  1850,  1.  Presbyt.  of  Columbia  (now  in  Al- 
bany Presbyt.)  1850;   Peekskill,  1851— 

BucKELEW,  Wm.  D.  R.C.  1848,  N.B.S.  1851,  1.  01.  N.B.  1851;  Ourrytown 
and  Mapletown,  1852-55,  Athens,  1855-59,  Moresville  and  Soulh-Gilboa, 
1859-64,  Blue  Mountain,  1864— 

Buckham,  Jas.,  1841. 

Bulkley,  0.  H.  A.,  from  Presbyt.  of  Ontario,  1851,  Ithaca,  1851-52. 

BuMSTEAD,  Sam.  A.  Mid.  0.  1823,  P.S.  1826,  lie.  by  Franklin  Assoc.  Mass. ; 
Manayunk,  1831-5,  Manayunk  and  Roxborough,  1835-49,  Roxborough, 
1849-53,  Spring  Lake,  111.  1856-61,  Raritan,  1861— 

Bunnell,  Seth,  U.C.  1835,  Glenville  1st,  1835-38,  d. 

Burghardt,  Peter  H.  U.O.  1840,  West-Farms,  1852-55,  Glenville  1st,  1855 
-61,  Chaplain  First  Chasseurs,  N.Y.V.  1864-65. 

Burl,  P.,  from  Rcf.  Oh.  of  Switzerland,  1858. 

Burr,  Marcus,  N.B.S.  1862,  1863  Presbyt. 

Burroughs,  Geo.  W.  1854. 


THE    MINISTRY.  51 


Burtis,  sec  Alburtis. 


Burtiss,  Arthur,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1807,  U.C.  1827,  P.S.  and  Aub.  S.  1833,  1. 
Prcsb.  Geneva,  1833 ;  (Bufralo,  1833-5,)  Fort  Plain,  1835,  (Oxford  Prcsby  t.) 
1835-40  (?)     Teaching  in  Bufiiilo;  Sec.  Am.  and  For.  Ch.  Union,  1859- 
63,  Prof,  of  Greek  Lang,  in  Miami  University,  18G4-7,  d. 
He  was  the  son  of  Arthur  Burtiss,  long  one  of  the  city  aldermen,  when 
the  office  was  one  of  honor  rather  than  profit.     The  father  was  for  many 
years  connected  with  the  charitable  and  reformatory  institutions  of  the 
city,  and  was  a  man  of  great  moral  worth  and  intcgrit}-.     Dr.  B.  was  edu- 
cated in  the  best  classical  schools  of  New-York,  and  was  one  of  the  most 
accomplished  classical  scholars  in  the  State.      lie  spent  the  first  two  years 
of  his  collegiate  life  at  Columbia  College,  and  the  last  two  at  Union.     Soon 
after  graduating,  he  commenced  the  study  of  the  law,  with  Jas.  0.  Moore, 
of  Cherry  Valley,  N.Y.,  and  whose  step-daughter  he  subsequently  married. 
Afterward  he  pursued  his  legal  studies  in  the  city  of  New-York,  in  the 
office  of  Chancellor  Kent.     Before  his  admission  as  an  attorney,  he  con- 
cluded to  change  his  profession,  feeling  himself  called,  under  his  strong 
sense  of  duty,  to  preach  the  Gospel.     He  accordingly  entered  Princeton 
Seminary  in  1830,  where  he  spent  two  years,  and  thence  went  to  Auburn 
Theological  Seminar}',  where  he  spent  one  j^ear. 

Dr.  Burti.^s  was  not  celebrated  as  a  public  speaker,  for  he  was  naturally 
timid,  and  had  a  slight  hesitancy  at  times  in  his  speech.  But  he  was  a  man 
of  great  and  varied  learning,  and  was  especially  a  most  accomplished  Latin 
and  Greek  scholar.  His  true  place  was  that  of  a  college  professor.  This 
came  to  him  late  in  life,  when  he  was  chosen  Greek  Professor  of  the  Miami 
University,  Ohio.  Though  his  career  as  a  professor  was  short,  he  had  im- 
pressed all,  both  students  and  faculty,  with  his  great  capacity  and  qualifi- 
cations for  his  new  office,  both  as  a  scholar  and  devoted  Christian ;  and  his 
death  among  them  was  the  cause  of  profoundest  sorrow.  He  died  while  his 
robes  of  office  were  j'^et  new  upon  him. — Hon.  Wm.  W.  Cam^iiell,  Cherry  Val- 
ley, X.  Y. 

Buursma,  Ale,     H.C.  180G,  Student  in  Hope  Seminary. 

Cahoone,  Wm.  Jr.,  b.  17/6,  D.C.  18^,  P.S.  1827  j   Miss,  to  Berne,  1828, 
Hyde  Park,  1829-33,  Ooxsackie,  1834-47,  Fordham,  1847-8,  d.  1857  (?). 

(Campbell,  A.  D.   Miss,  in  Brooklyn,  1827.) 

Campbell,  Alan  D.  (s.  of  W.  H.  Campbell,)  B.C.  18G5,  N.B.S.  1868,  1.  CI. 
N.B.  18G8  ;  Athens  1st,  1868— 

Campbell,  Jas.  B.   Student  in  N.B.S.  18G7— 

Campbell,  Jas.  K.,  from  Ref.  Presb.  Ch. ;  ordained  as  a  Miss,  to  Northern 
India,  1834;  North  Branch,  1838-54. 

Campbell,  William  II.,  D.C.  1828,  P.S.  1831,  1.  2d  Presb.  N.Y.  1831  ; 
Chittenango,  1831-3,  Prin.  Erasmus  Hall,  L.I.,  1833-9,  East-New- York, 


52  TUE    MINISTKY. 

1839-41,  Albany  3d,  1841-8,  Prin.  Albany  Academy,  1848-51,  Prof.  Ori- 
ental Lit.  in  New-Brunswick  Sem.  1851-63,  also  Prof.  Bel.  Let.  Rutgers 
Col.  1851-6,  President  Rutgers  College,  1863— 

Campfield,  Robt.  B.  C.N.J.  1824,  from  S.  Assoc.  Litchfield,  1858,  Sec.  Sab. 
School  Board,  1858-62,  1865  Presbyt. 

Cannon,  Jas.  Spencer,  b.  1V66  in  the  Island  of  Cura?oa,  studied  under 
Froeli"-h  and  Livingston,  1.  CI.  Hackensack,  1796;  Six  Mile  Run  and 
Millstone,  1797-1807,  Six  Mile  Run,  1807-26,  Prof.  Ecc.  Hist.  1818-19, 
attain  1826-52 ;  also  Prof  Metaphysics  and  Philosophy  in  Rutgers  Col., 
1826-52,  d. 

lie  was  a  man  peculiar  in  many  respects,  and  calculated  to  attract  atten- 
tion wherever  he  might  be,  even  among  a  crowd  of  people.  His  bodily 
frame  was  tall,  erect — not  corpulent,  but  well  developed  in  every  part, 
making  the  impression  on  you  of  one  that  possessed  considerable  muscular 
strength,  power  of  endurance,  and  high  health.  His  garb  was,  for  the  most 
part,  of  the  antiquated  sort,  from  his  broad-brimmed  hat  down  to  his  feet, 
with  the  exception  of  the  large  silver,  well-polished  shoe-buckles.  His  gait 
was  slow,  measured,  firm,  dignified,  straightforward ;  the  gait  of  one  who 
seemed  to  regard  walking  as  something  that  was  to  be  done  with  care  and 
according  to  rule,  and  not  in  a  light  and  trifling  manner.  His  utterance 
was  distinct  and  deliberate,  like  his  gait — emphatic,  impressive,  with  con- 
siderable of  the  guttural,  and  the  broad  pronunciation  of  the  letter  A  about 
it.  He  was  fond  of  throwing  out  short,  pithy,  pointed,  striking,  practical 
remarks  in  his  talk,  and  was  successful  generally  in  doing  it,  for  he  had  a 
well-stored  and  a  well-disciplined  mind,  and  a  memory  very  capacious,  re- 
tentive, and  ready.  Perhaps  he  was  a  little  too  measured,  formal,  stilted, 
artificial,  and  oracular  in  what  he  said  and  did.  This  is  not  written  in  the 
way  of  disparagement,  but  to  furnish  as  accurate  a  likeness  as  possible. 
He  was  a  very  studious,  diligent  man,  even  to  the  end  of  his  protracted  life 
— one  of  seventy-six  years.  He  read  much,  and,  to  prove  that  he  read  with 
discrimination  and  care,  and  pondered  what  he  read,  he  used  to  say  that  it 
was  his  habit  to  read  with  the  pen  in  his  hand,  and  to  mark  in  the  margin 
of  the  page  any  sentiment,  or  argument,  or  fact,  that  struck  him  as  valuable 
and  interesting,  referring,  in  the  blank  leaves  at  the  end  of  the  book,  to  the 
pages  he  had  thus  marked.  Thus  he  could,  in  a  short  time  and  with  great 
ease,  gather  the  cream  of  every  volume  he  had  read,  and  ponder  it  again,  and 
use  it  for  any  specific  purpose  which  he  had  in  view.  He  laid  great  stress  on 
careful,  thoughtful  sermonizing,  and  insisted  that  it  should  be  a  life-long 
exercise  of  every  minister.  He  had  gathered  together  a  large  amount  of 
valuable  knowledge.  We  see  one  proof  of  this  in  his  treatise  on  Pastoral 
llieology.  Though  it  may  have  its  defects,  it  is  a  treasure-house  to  every 
minister  of  the  Gospel.  And  he  managed  to  perform  this  vast  amount  of 
intellectual  labor  without  any  apparent  injury  to  his  health;  and  this,  no 
doubt,  was  mainly  owing  to  the  manner  in  which  he  pursued  his  studies. 
He  was  systematic,  regular,  seasonable,  steady,  calm,  moderate— remarka- 


/ij. 


d/i  iy^thi^ 


TOE    MINISTRY,  Oo 

bly  SO.  _  lie  was,  therefore,  alwaj's  beforehand  with  his  work ;  never  hurri- 
ed, or  driven,  or  cornered;  never  urged  or  goaded  beyond  his  strengtli. 
Ills  example  may  be  turned  to  a  good  account  by  men  of  all  occupations, 
but  especially  by  students,  and  still  more  especially  by  theological  students 
and  ministers  of  the  Gospel. —  G.  L. 

Carle,  John  II.,  Q.C.  1811,  partly  in  N.B.S.  18U,  1.  Presbyt.  Geneva,  1814; 
Marbletown,  Hurley,  and  Shokan,  181-^20,  (Presbyt.  1825^8,)  Maple- 
town  and  Currytown,  1848-51. 

Carroll,  J.  Ilalstead,  (s.  of  Rev.  D.  L.  Carroll,)  U.  Pa.  1851,  P.S.  1854,  1. 
Presbyt.  Philadelphia;  (Jamesburg,  N.J.  1855-7,  Aiken,  S.C.  1858-60, 
S.S.  South  Cong.  Ch.  New-IIaven,  18G2-8,)  New-IIavcn,  1808— 

Carroll,  Vernon  B.  R.C.  18G8,  student  in  N.B.S. 

Gary,  J.  A.  West  R.D.C.,  N.Y.C.  1851. 

Case,  Calvin,  R.C.  1848,  N.B.S.  1851,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1851;  Grahamville, 
1852-3,  Day,  1855-7,  Kiskatom,  1857-60,  West-IIurley,  1860-5. 

Center,  Samuel,  b.  1794  at  Hoosick,  N.Y.,  Mid.  C.  1819,  N.B.S.  1823,  1.  CI. 
N.B.  1823;  Miss,  to  Johnsborough  and  Chester,  1823,  Herkimer  and 
German  Flats,  1824-6,  (Morian  and  Northumberland  Presbyt.)  1827-30, 
teaching  in  Class.  School,  Albany,  1830-7,  in  Michigan  University,  1837 
-40,  pastor  also  at  Monroe,  Mich.,  1837-40,  Agent  of  For.  Evang.  Soc. 
1840-1,  Prof,  in  Albany  Academy,  1841-. .,  in  Angelica  Academy,  and 
Pastor  at  Angelica  and  Macedon  Center,  18.  .-1859,  d. 
He  was  of  Welsh  extraction.     His  ancestors  settled  in  Boston  before  the 
Revolution,  and  his  parents  were  Baptists.     He  was  called  to  Herkimer  in 
1825,  (a  new  enterprise,  which  he  had  begun  the  year  before,)  but  the  op- 
position of  the  old  church  and  pastor  prevented  success,  and  he  and  his 
church  joined  the  Presbytery  of  Albany.     While  laboring  in  this  field,  he 
was  blessed  with  a  powerful  revival.     He  was  not  ordained  till  1828.     He 
was  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  height,  of  a  well-developed  and  remarka- 
bly symmetrical  form,  pleasant  features,  and  agreeable  address.     He  was 
naturally  sensitive.      He  aimed  at  excellence  in  all  that  he  undertook. 
Ilis  mind  was  of  a  metaphysical  cast,  and  he  loved  to  grapple  with  great 
problems.     His  sermons  were  therefore  not  unfrequently  above  the  mental 
range  of  his  hearers.     He  was  better  adapted  to  the  Professor's  chair  than 
to  parochial  duties.     As  a  teacher,  he  was  successful,  gaining  a  high  repu- 
tation.    He  was  regarded  by  Governor  Marcy  and  others  as  possessing  al- 
most unequaled  qualifications  for  imparting  instruction  and  disciplining 
the  minds  of  young  men.     He  was  eminentl}' social,  genial,  pure,  and  true. 
He  was  also  spiritually  minded,  and  everywhere  exerted  his  influence  in 
favor  of  vital  godliness.     He  was  much  sought  after  and  was  peculiarly 
happy  as  a  spiritual  counselor.     He  was  an  earnest  laborer  in  the  tempe- 
rance movements  of  the  day. — G,  S. 

Chalker,  Isaac.     New-Paltz,  176.  .-176. . 


54  THE    MINISTRY. 

Chamberlain,  Jacob  P.  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1859  ;  voyage  to  India, 
Dec.  1859-Apr.  '60,  Palamanair,  1860-3,  Mudnapilly,  (S.S.)  1863-5,  Mud- 
napilly  and  Palamanair,  1866—.     Also  supplying  Arunodayah,  1867— 

Chambers,  Talbot  W.  E.C.  1834,  N.B.S.  and  P.S.  1839,  1.  Presbyt.  Clin- 
ton, Miss.  1838  ;  Somerville,  2d,  1840-9,  New- York,  1849— 

Chapman,  John  L.  Irvington,  1842-9,  Prin.  Home  Institute  at  Irvington, 
1849-61,  1865,  Presbyt. 

Chapman,  Nathan  F.  R.C.  1844,  N.B.S.  1846,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1846  ;  Miss,  to 
Keyport,  1848-9,  Canajoharie,  1849-53,  Plattekill,  1853-64,  Caatsban, 
1864— 

Chester,  C.  II.     Saratoga,  1844-9. 

[Chitara,  Ludwig,  once  an  Augustine  monk,  c.  to  America,  1785,  studied 
under  Hendel  and  Weyberg,  1.  about  1787 ;  Knowlton  and  Hardwick, 
N.J.  1787-92,  d.]—HarbaugK's  Lives,  ii.  404. 

Chittenden,  Alanson  B.,  b.  at  Durham,  N.Y.  1797,  U.  C.  1824,  Aub.  Sem. 
1828  ?  Miss,  to  Montgomery  Co.  N.Y.  1827-8,  Glen  and  Miss,  at  Charles- 
town,  1831-4,  Amit}-,  1834-9,  Westerlo,  1839-40,  Sharon,  1841-5,  d- 
1853. 

Christie,  James,  studied  under  Mason,  1815,  1.  1815  ;  Union  Village,  1816- 
18,  Assoc.  Ilef. 

Christie,  John  I.,  b.  at  Schraalenberg,  1781,  C.C.  1799,  studied  under 
Froeligh,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1802  ;  (Amsterdam  and  Galway.  Presbyt.  1802- 
12,)  Warwick,  1812-35,  d.  1845. 

His  honesty  and  punctuality  in  business  became  proverbial.  He  was 
liberal  to  the  poor  and  in  Christian  benevolence.  He  was  devoted  to  his 
calling  and  a  well-read  theologian.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  clear,  instruc- 
tive, practical ;  while  as  a  pastor,  he  was  kind,  honest,  affectionate,  and 
sincere.  He  had  strikingly  those  qualities  of  a  good  bishop — "  A  lover  of 
hospitality  and  a  lover  of  good  men."  He  took  a  plain,  common-sense 
view  of  all  subjects  which  came  before  him,  testing  all  by  the  Word  of  God. 
Seeing  much  in  himself  which  he  deeply  deplored,  he  was  ready  to  cast  the 
mantle  of  charity  over  others.  In  experience,  he  did  not  always  enjoy  the 
pleasure  of  sensible  communion  with  God.  There  was  a  prevailing  senti- 
ment in  his  thoughts  of  God's  holiness  and  justness  and  his  own  guilt  and 
depravity,  yet  it  was  his  great  desire  to  please  God.  No  man  was  more 
particular  in  the  observance  of  ordinances,  yet  no  man  placed  less  con- 
fidence in  his  own  works.  The  burden  of  his  heart  was  the  imperfection 
which  accompanied  every  performance. 

Church,  John  B.     R.C.  1867,  student  in  N.B.S. 
Clancy,  John,  Florida,  1835-60,  Presbyt. 

(Clark,  Jas.  Brooklyn,  Flatlands,  Bushwick,  Flatbush,  New-Utrecht,  and 
Gravesend,  1680  or  1685-95.) 


TUE   MINISTRY,  56 

The  existence  of  such  a  luinistcr  is  denied  by  many,  sonic  supposing 
that  his  name  by  mistake  got  in  the  histories  of  Long  Island.  lUit  lie  is 
said  to  be  mentioned  iu  a  MSS.  left  by  Rev.  Peter  Lowe,  before  the  histories 
referred  to  were  written.    Perhaps  identical  with  Varick. — Prime's  L.  1. 326. 

Clark,  Rob.  C.  N.R.S.  1838,  1.  (^1.  of  Philadelphia,  1838;  liccn.sc  after- 
ward withdrawn,  at  his  own  request,  1844. 

Clahk,  Rufus  W.  Y.C.  1838,  New-Haven  and  And.  Sems.,  1.  Prcsbyt. 
Ncwburyport,  1840;  (Portsmouth,  N.II.  Cong.  1842-51,  East-Boston, 
18ol-7,  Brooklyn,  1857-G2,)  Albany,  1st,  18G2— 

Clark,  AVm.     S.S.  at  Buel,  1843-4. 

Clauk,  Wm.  H.  Western  Reserve  Coll.  Hudson,  Ohio,  U.S.  1863,  1. 
Presbyt.  of  Brooklyn,  1803  ;  [Spencertown,  Presbyt.  1864-5,]  Miss,  pas- 
tor, 39th  St.  N.Y.  1867— 

CLEcnoRN,  E.  B.,  from  Presbyt.  of  New-Orleans,  18G8,  w.  c. 

Close,  John,  b.  at  Greenwich,  Ct.  1737,  C.N.J.  1763,  1.  Presbyt.  of  Dutch- 
ess Co.  1765  ;  [in  Presbyt.  Huntington,  1766-73,  New-Windsor  and 
Newburgh,  l773-96,j  Waterford  and  Middletown,  1796-1804,  d.  1815. 

Cludius,  Theodore,  studied  in  Europe,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1865  ;  New-Brunswick, 
od,  1865-G;  Ger.  Rcf. 

Cobb,  Hexry  N.  Y.C.  1855,  U.S.  1.  3d  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1859  ;  Miss,  to  tli'^ 
Nestorians  in  Persia  and  Koordistan,  (Am.  Bd.)  18G0-2,  MiUbrook, 
1866— 

Cobb,  Oliver  E.  Y.C.  1853,  U.S.  1857,  L  3d  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1857;  Hope- 
well, 1857— 

CoBB,  Sandfokd  H.  Y.C.  1858,  P.S.  1862,  I.  3d  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1862 ; 
Schoharie,  1864— 

CocnRANE,  A.  G.  Mid.  Col.  1847,  P.S.  1850;  Fort  Miller,  1852-63,  Eas- 
ton,  N.Y.  1863— 

Cock,  Gerhard  Daniel,  Rhinebeck  and  Camp,  (or  Germantown,  N.Y.) 
1763-84,  also  supplied  New-Paltz,  2d,  1768-70. 

Coens,    Henricus,  Aquackanonck,   Second   River,    Pompton,   and   Ponds, 

1725-30,  d.  1735. 

He  wrote  to  Holland  a  detailed  account  of  the  troubles  between  the 
churches  of  Second  River  and  Aquackanonck. 

Cole,  David,  (s.  of  L  D.  Cole,)  R.C.  1842,  1.  Presbyt.  N.B.  1858  ;  East- 
Millstone,  1858-63,  Prof,  of  Greek,  R.C.  1863-5,  Yonkers,  1865— 

Cole,  Isaac  D.     N.B.S.  1829,  Tappan  and  Schraalenburgh,  1829-32,  Toto- 

wa,  2d,  1833,  Tappan,  1833-64,  w.  c. 
Cole,  Solomon  T.     N.B.S.  1864,  1.  CI.  Ulster,  1864,  Plattekill,   1804-8, 

Preakness,  1808 — 


66  THE    MINISTRY. 

Collier,  Edward  A.     N.Y.U.  1857,  P.S.  1860,  1.  Presbyt.  of  Nassau,  1859, 
(Saugertics,  Cong.  1860-4,)  Kinderhook,  1864— 

Collier,  Ezra  W.    R.O.  1848,  N.B.S.  1854,  ].  S.  CI.  N.Y.  1854  ;  Manhattan 
Ch.  N.Y.C.  1854-G,  Freehold,  2d,  1856-66,  Coxsackie,  2d,  1866-67,  w.  c. 

Collier,  Isaac,  R.C.  1857,  N.B.S.  1860,  1.  CI.  Greene,  1860  ;  Coeymans, 
1860-66,  Battle  Creek,  1866— 

Collier,  Isaac  H.     Pt.O.  1859,  N.B.S.  1862,  1.  CI.  Greene,  1862  ;  Caatsban, 
1862-4,  Nassau,  1864-6,  Lodi,  N.Y.  1867— 

Collier,  Joseph  A.,  b.  at  Plymouth,  Mass.,  1828,  B.C.  1849,  N.B.S.  1852, 

1.  S.  CI.  N.Y.  1852 ;  Greenville  and  Bronxville,  1852-5,  Geneva,  1855-9, 

Kingston,  2d,  1859-64,  d. 

Few  young  men  among  our  ministers  ever  rose  more  rapidly  by  the  sim- 
ple force  of  unostentatious  merit.  His  name  was  mentioned  everywhere 
with  respect  and  affection.  His  personal  qualities  and  professional  labors 
excited  admiration  and  elicited  praise.  His  brethren  in  the  ministry  loved 
him,  and  the  Christian  public  gladly  honored  him.  He  was  a  diligent  stu- 
dent. He  loved  to  commune  with  the  great  thinkers  and  writers,  and  thus 
feed  his  own  mind.  He  was  a  clear  and  impressive  preacher.  His  sermons 
were  never  slovenly.  What  he  did,  he  did  well.  They  had  solid  sub- 
stance. They  were  eminently  thoughtful  and  suggestive,  his  reasoning 
cogent,  and  his  style  as  lucid  as  his  argument.  His  illustrations  were 
never  florid  nor  redundant,  but  always  simple,  apt,  and  chaste ;  while  his 
pleading  with  the  sinner  was  as  that  of  one  by  whom  Christ  himself  was 
beseeching,  "Be  ye  reconciled  to  God." 

His  manner  was  animated,  forcible,  tender,  persuasive  ;  his  glowing  eye 
and  radiant  countenance  attesting  to  all  his  thorough  earnestness  and  his 
deep  sympathy  with  his  sacred  themes.  He  possessed  unusual  qualifica- 
tions for  the  work  of  the  ministry,  and  his  brief  labors  were  crowned  with 
large  success.  He  ever  felt  the  deepest  interest  in  the  spiritual  welfare  of 
the  young.  He  preached  at  Kingston  a  series  of  Sabbath  evening  dis- 
courses to  the  youth  of  his  flock,  which  were  afterward  published  under 
the  title  of  The  Young  Men  of  the  Bible.  But  especially  did  his  heart  turn 
toward  the  children.  Into  this  field  he  threw  himself  with  peculiar  ardor 
and  delight,  and  with  great  success.  He  loved  to  lead  the  lambs  into  green 
pastures.  One  regular  Sabbath  service  in  each  alternate  month  he  devoted 
entirely  to  the  children.  At  such  times  he  delivered  discourses  adapted  to 
the  comprehension  of  the  youngest,  though  instructive  to  all.  Two  series 
of  these  discourses  have  been  published  under  the  titles  of  Little  Crowns 
and  How  to  Win  Them  and  Pleasant  Paths  for  Little  Feet.  The  Christian 
Home  and  The  Dawn  of  Heaven  are  also  productions  of  his  pen,  the  latter 
published  after  his  death.  He  was  a  sympathizing  pastor.  While  he 
loved  books,  he  loved  his  people.  His  ministry  was  a  model  of  pastoral 
fidelity.  He  walked  habitually  with  God.  See  The  Dawn  of  Heaven,  in 
which  is  found  a  biographical  sketch. 


TUE   MINISTKY.  57 

Collins,  Bahnahas  V.  Easton  Coll.  Pa.  N.li.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1842; 
West-Farms,  1842-5,  Ponds,  1845-07,  w.  c. 

Collins,  Chas.  Philadelphia  Classical  Institute,  theolofry  in  private,  1.  CI. 
Philadclpliia,  1858;  [S.S.  Norristown,  Pa.  Prcsbyt.  1801-2,J  S.S.  Mana- 
yunk,  1803-4,  [S.S.  Jcffcrsonvillc,  Presbyt.  1800—] 

CoMFOKT,  Lawkence  L.  U.C.  1848,  N.B.S.  1851,  1.  CI.  Orange,  1851  ; 
Rockaway,  1852-4,  New-IIurley,  1854 — 

[Comingoe,  Bruin  Ronicas,  ordained  by  Scotch  ministers,  in  Nova  Scotia, 

1770;  Luneberg,  Nova  Scotia,  1770-1819.] 

He  was  chosen  by  his  neighbors,  and  recommended  for  ordination  for  his 
piety  and  gifts,  as  that  community  in  Nova  Scotia  had  failed,  after  repeated 
efforts,  to  procure  a  minister  from  Holland,  or  from  Pennsylvania.  He  had 
been  a  fisherman,  (like  the  apostles,)  but  was  well  versed  in  Scripture;  and 
the  Scotch  ministers,  acting  on  the  proverb  that  one  who  knows  the  Scrip- 
tures must  be  a  good  theologian,  ordained  him.  He  proved  to  be  a  most 
faithful  and  worthy  minister,  and  served  that  people  for  forty-nine  years, 
lie  then  only  resigned  through  the  infirmities  of  age. — UarhauglCs  Lives. 

CoMPTON,  Jas.  M.  R.C.  1843,  N.B.S.  1846,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1846;  Tyre,  1847- 
50,  Piffardinia,  1850-51,  Kiskatom,  1851-54,  Union  and  Jerusalem,  1854 
-60,  Gallupville  and  Knox,  1860-63,  S.S.  at  Currytown  and  Mapletown, 
1804-8,  Stone  Arabia,  and  Ephratah,  1808 — 

Condict,  Ira,  b.  at  Orange,  N.J.  17G4,  C.N.J.  1784,  studied  under  Dr. 
"Woodhull,  of  Monmouth,  1.  Presbyt.  N.B.  1786 ;  (Ilardwick,  Newtown, 
and  Shappenock,  Presbyt.,  1787-93,)  New-Brunswick,  1793-1811,  also 
Prof.  Moral  Phil,  in  Queen's  Col.  and  Vice-President  of  the  same,  1809- 
11,  d. 

He  became  a  subject  of  grace  while  in  college,  and  immediately  devoted 
himself  to  the  ministry.  He  took  a  high  stand  in  his  class,  and  was  par- 
ticularly distinguished  for  his  accuracy  in  the  classics.  In  his  first  charge 
he  found  a  wide  and  destitute  field,  demanding  great  energies  of  character 
and  powers  of  endurance.  "Within  the  limits  of  this  charge  are  now  found 
numerous  flourishing  churches.  In  New-Brunswick  he  labored  with  a  zeal 
and  perseverance  seldom  equaled.  This  church  at  that  time  embraced  a 
large  country  population,  in  addition  to  a  city  charge  of  about  two  hundred 
families.     He  was  an  efficient  pastor  and  an  earnest  worker. 

In  catechising,  pastoral  visitations,  and  labors  among  the  poor,  he  was 
indefatigable.  He  had  for  every  department  of  labor  a  definite  plan,  and 
pursued  it  vigorously.  No  man  could  have  accomplished  more  than  he 
did ;  and  the  secret  of  his  efficiency  lay  in  the  wisdom  of  his  plans.  He 
gained  a  just  popularity  for  his  learning;  for,  while  he  was  laborious  as  a 
pastor,  he  did  not  neglect  his  study.  Public  institutions  honored  themselves 
by  placing  his  name  on  their  catalogues,  and  places  of  responsibility  in  the 
church  were  pressed   upon  him.      The  corporation  of  Princeton  College 


58  THE    MINISTRY. 

elected  him  a  member  of  their  board,  having  previously  conferred  upon  him 
the  title  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  The  General  Synod  elected  him  their  Pre- 
sident, in  1800 ;  and,  as  a  member  of  church  judicatories,  he  was  active 
and  influential  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  their  deliberations. 

Two  important  events  occurred  in  connection  with  his  ministry  in  New- 
Brunswick,  both  of  which  he  earnestly  and  successfully  advocated.  The 
first  was  the  partial  revival  of  Queen's  College  in  the  year  1807.  For  seve- 
ral years  this  institution  had  been  closed ;  its  funds  were  exhausted,  and 
its  buildings  occupied  for  other  purposes.  With  great  personal  eifort  and 
persistent  application,  as  a  trustee  of  the  College,  he  secured  quite  a  liberal 
endowment,  drew  around  bira  an  encouraging  number  of  students,  and 
awakened,  on  behalf  of  this  institution,  considerable  interest  throughout 
the  bounds  of  the  denomination.  For  several  years,  in  addition  to  his  la- 
bors as  the  pastor  of  the  church,  he  was  acting  president  of  the  institution  ; 
and  at  one  time,  with  the  aid  received  from  only  one  tutor,  the  whole  work  of 
instruction  devolved  upon  him.  The  history  of  our  College  reveals  the  fact 
that  to  Dr.  Condict,  more  than  to  any  other  person,  is  she  indebted  for  the 
noble  building,  standing  in  its  beautiful  location  as  an  ornament  to  the 
city.  He  was  mainly  instrumental  in  securing  from  Mr.  James  Parker,  by 
gift,  the  lot  on  which  it  stands.  The  first  subscription-paper  for  the  edi- 
fice was  drawn  up  by  his  hands ;  and  some  time  before  his  death,  he  had 
the  satisfaction  of  seeing  his  eftbrts  crowned  with  success. 

The  second  important  event  in  his  ministry  was  the  removal  of  our  Theo- 
logical Seminary  to  New-Brunswick,  and  its  vigorous  grovi'th  under  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  venerable  senior  Professor,  Dr.  John  11.  Livingston.  It 
was  not  until  the  year  1810  that  the  Seminary,  on  its  permanent  establish- 
ment in  New-Brunswick,  started  on  its  career  of  prosperity,  which  has 
made  it  a  fountain  of  life  for  the  church  and  the  world. 

Thus,  year  after  year.  Dr.  Condict  toiled  on  in  the  work  of  the  ministry, 
a  man  eminently  useful,  and  of  distinguished  position  in  the  church.  He 
died  in  the  midst  of  his  years,  his  strong  constitution  giving  way  under  the 
pressure  of  accumulating  burdens.  Some  closing  incidents  in  his  life  were 
remarkable.  The  church,  to  M^hich  he  had  ministered  for  about  seventeen 
years,  had  resolved  to  erect  a  new  and  more  commodious  edifice  for  worship. 
The  plans  were  all  perfected  and  the  work  commenced.  In  the  providence 
of  God,  the  last  sermon  preached  in  the  old  building  was  the  last  sermon 
which  Dr.  Condict  preached.  And,  as  if  in  anticipation  of  the  event  before 
him,  he  took  for  his  text  this  striking  passage  of  Scripture:  "But  I  must 
die  in  this  land,  I  must  not  go  over  Jordan ;  but  ye  shall  go  over  and  pos- 
sess the  land.  Take  heed  unto  yourselves,  lest  ye  forget  the  covenant  of 
the  Lord  your  God,  which  he  made  with  you,  and  make  you  a  graven  image, 
or  the  likeness  of  any  thing  which  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  forbidden  thee." 
After  a  sickness  of  only  eight  days,  with  precious  exercises  of  grace,  and  in 
the  triumph  of  faith,  he  fell  asleep  in  Jesus,  in  the  forty-eighth  year  of  his 
age,  and  the  twenty -fifth  of  his  ministr3^ 

He  is  represented  to  have  been  a  tall,  muscular  man,  with  black  hair,  of 


TIIK    MINISTKY.  59 

prominent  features,  very  grave  in  his  deportment,  and  a  man  of  undoubted 
piety.  Many  still  remember  his  sedatencss  of  appearance  ;  and  not  one  who 
ever  heard  him  in  prayer  could  forget  the  unction  and  spirituality  of  his 
devotions,  lie  was  subject  to  frequent  moods  of  despondency,  yet  he  vras 
gifted  with  fine  conver.sational  powers ;  and  frequentlj'-,  in  social  intercourse 
with  his  people,  he  would  throw  off  all  reserve,  and  exhibit  a  mind  full  of 
vivacity  and  affection.  He  wore  in  the  pulpit  the  gown  and  cassock,  and 
his  very  appearance  was  dignified  and  solemn  ;  not  a  solemnity  that  repelled, 
but  drew  toward  him  the  esteem  of  the  people  as  a  consistent  and  devoted 
minister.  His  strength  lay  in  his  powerful  conviction  of  the  truth,  in  his 
intense  earnestness  of  soul,  in  his  deep  sympathy  with  his  hearers,  and  in 
a  singleness  of  aim  that  held  him  in  close  contact  with  the  class.  He  had 
a  great  aversion  to  appear  in  print,  and,  although  repeatedl}'-  urged  to  give 
his  sermons  for  publication,  he  uniformly  declined  so  doing.  The  only 
production  of  his  pen  that  has  fallen  under  the  writer's  notice,  is  a  sermon 
occasioned  by  the  death  of  George  Washington,  delivered  by  invitation  of 
the  Mayor  and  Common  Council  of  the  city,  and  published  under  their  di- 
rection. As  a  preacher  he  was  clear  in  his  analysis,  close  in  his  discussion 
of  the  topic,  and  pungent  in  the  application.  He  distrusted  verj"-  much  his 
own  abilities,  and  was  occasionally  depressed  in  mind  to  such  a  degree  that 
he  felt  scarcely  fitted  to  enter  the  pulpit.  But  while  he  was  known  among 
his  own  people  and  friends  as  the  "beloved  Condict,"  with  all  classes  he 
was  held  in  high  esteem,  not  only  for  his  personal  worth,  but  for  his  ster- 
ling pulpit  abilities. — K.  II.  S. 

CoNKLiN,  Nathaniel,  E.C.  1844,  N.B.S.  1847,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1847;  Miss,  to 
Long  Branch,  1847-51,  Montville,  1851— 

CoNNiTT,  G.  W.  W.C.  1849,  Theolog.  Institute  Conn.  1853,  1.  North  Assoc, 
of  Hartford,  1852;  (Deep  River,  Conn.  Cong.  1854-G,  Deep  River,  Conn. 
Presbyt.  185G-G2,)  Fallsburgh,  18G2-5,  New-Prospect,  18G0-- 

CoNSAUL,  Gansevoort,  D.W.  Am.  Col.  1859,  P.S.  1861,  S.S.  Mohawk, 
18G7— 

Cordell,  John  G.  (in  CI.  of  Albany.) 

Cooper,  John  i?.,  lie.  h>/  Seceders,  18G4;    Clarlstoion  and  Uempstead,  18G5 — 

Cornelison,  John,  b.  at  Nyack,  1769,  studied  under  H.  Meyer  and  Living- 
ston, lie.  by  the  Synod  of  R.D.  Ch.  1791 ;  Miss,  in  Northern  and  Western 
States,  1791-93,  Bergen  and  English  Neighborhood,  1793-1806,  visited 
the  Settlements  on  the  Delaware  and  Susquehanna,  (Hanover,)  1794, 
Bergen,  1806-28,  d. 

He  commenced  his  ministerial  course  full  of  the  ardor  of  youth,  a  noble 
zeal  for  the  glory  of  God,  and  an  anxiety  for  the  souls  of  men.  He  was  a 
man  of  meekness,  of  simplicity  in  manner,  of  godly  deportment,  and  fervent 
in  prayer.  Pie  was  much  beloved,  not  only  by  his  own  people,  but  by  all 
the  fatliers  and  brethren  in  the  ministry.     There  was  something  in  his 


60  THE    MINISTKY. 

speech  and  manner  which  won  the  reverence,  regard,  and  affection  of  all. 
His  ministry  was  marked  by  the  gradual  progress  of  the  Spirit's  work 
among  his  people,  though  in  1818  he  had  a  special  revival.  He  took  a 
warm  interest  in  all  the  just  then  budding  enterprises  of  the  day.  He  was 
also  a  warm  friend  of  the  Theological  School  at  New-Brunswick.  His  re- 
proofs'were  spoken  with  kindness  and  tempered  with  affection.  He  took 
much  interest  in  the  colored  people,  many  of  whom  were  slaves,  opening  a 
special  service  for  them  in  his  own  house.  He  formed  them  into  classes, 
teaching  some  of  them  to  read,  and  also  filling  their  minds  with  Gospel 
truths.  For  some  time  before  his  death,  he  lost  the  use  of  his  faculties, 
and  was  cut  off  from  all  intercourse  with  his  family  and  friends.  A  brain 
fever  deprived  him  of  his  senses.  But  it  pleased  God,  a  few  hours  before 
his  decease,  to  resuscitate  his  powers,  and  to  enable  him  to  utter,  in  a  short 
but  impressive  manner,  his  clear  prospects  and  joyful  hopes.  He  blessed 
all  his  children  and  his  wife,  and  addressed  a  short  exhortation  to  each. 
He  then  said,  in  a  low  voice:  "Lord  Jesus,  receive  my  departing  soul  into 
thine  arms.  I  bless  and  than  kthee,  0  Lord !  for  thy  faithfulness  and  good- 
ness to  me.  Thou  hast  never  left  me,  nor  forsaken  me.  Thou  hast  guided 
me  gentlj'  and  safely  over  the  journey  of  life.  Thou  hast  not  permitted  me 
to  wander  from  thee.  And,  0  my  Saviour !  thou  wilt  not  leave  me  in  the 
last  conflict — in  these  my  last  moments !  .  .  .  Into  thy  hands  I  com- 
mend my  departing  soul."     And  then  he  gently  fell  asleep. 

Cornell,  Frederick  F.  (s.  of  John  Cornell,)  C.N.J.  1825,  N.B.S.  1.  Presbyt. 
Newtown,  1829;  Professor  of  Languages  in  College  of  Mississippi,  Nat- 
chez, 1828-9,  Miss,  at  Stuyvesant,  three  months,  1829,  at  Columbiaville, 
1829-31,  Montville,  1833-6,  N.Y.O.  Manhattan  Ch.  1836-56,  (Pluckemin 
Presbyt.  1856-64,  w.  c.) 

Cornell,  James  A.  H.  (s.  of  John  Cornell,)  R.C.  1838,  N.B.S.  1841,  1.  CI. 
N.B.  1841 ;  Westerlo,  1841-43,  New-Baltimor6,  1843-45,  New-Baltimore 
and  Coeymans,  1845-48,  Syracuse,  1848-51,  Raritan  3d,  1851-56,  Sec. 
Bd.  Education,  1856-61,  w.  c. 

Cornell,  John,   b.  at  Northampton,  Pa.  1774,  studied  under  Livingston,  1. 
CI.  N.Y.  1798,  [Allentown  and  Nottingham,  Presbyt.  1800-21,]  Principal 
of  Academies  at  Somerville,  1821-8,  and  at  Millstone,  1828-35,  d. 
He  pursued  his  classical  studies  at  the  Log  College,  Pa.,  completing  them 
with  Dr.  "Wilson,  in  New-York  City.     During  his  pastoral  charge  at  Allen- 
town,  he  was  highly  respected  as  an  amiable  and  faithful  teacher  of  the 
Gospel.     During  his  latter  years,  an  impaired  state  of  health  having  com- 
pelled him  to  withdraw  from  stated  public  duties,  he  removed  to  Somerville, 
and  subsequently  to  Millstone,  where  he  finally  died.     In  both  of  these 
places  he  devoted  himself  sedulously  to  the  instruction  of  youth,  numbering 
among  his  pupils  several  M'ho  became  prominently  useful  in  the  ministry 
and  the  other  learned  professions.     Though  born  and  educated  in  the  Re- 
formed Church,  his  active  ministry  was  spent  wholly  in  the  Presbyterian. 


THE   MINISTRY.  61 

lie  was  again  connected  with  tlic  Reformed  while  conducting  his  classical 
academy.  As  an  instructor  he  was  marked  by  great  thoroughness  and 
ability,  President  Lindslcy  testifying  that,  of  all  the  students  who  came  to 
Princeton,  none  were  better  prepared  than  those  who  came  from  under 
his  care. 

lie  was  also  a  man  well  read  in  divinity.  lie  possessed  a  clear  and  dis- 
criminating mind  and  a  sound  judgment,  and  was  firml}''  attached  to  the 
great  doctrines  of  grace.  In  the  pulpit  he  appeared  with  great  respectabili- 
ty, and  his  sermons  were  instructive,  methodical,  and  impressive.  He  was 
very  brief  and  accurate  in  his  style,  calm  but  impressive  in  his  delivery, 
with  a  voice  soft  but  far-reaching.  On  the  bed  of  sickness  he  found  effec- 
tual consolation  in  the  truths  which  he  had  preached,  expressing  his  entire 
reliance  in  Christ,  as  the  rock  of  his  salvation.* 

Cornell,  Wm.,  R.C.  1859,  N.B.S.  18G2,  1.  CL  Geneva,  18G2;  Minisink, 
1862-3,  [Presbyt.  18C3-G7,]  teaching  at  Somerville,  18G7— 

Cornell,  Wm.  A.,  R.C.  1841,  N.B.S.  1844,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1844;  Athens,  1844 
-48,  Blooming  Grove,  1848-51,  w.  c. — 

CoRWiN,  Edward  Tanjore,  Coll.  of  City  of  New-York,  1853,  N.B.S.  185G, 
1.  CI.  Bergen,  185G;  Resident  Graduate  at  N.B.S.  185G-57,  Paramus, 
1857-63,  Hillsborough,  (Millstone,)  18G3— 

Cough, Camp,  177.. -178..,  died. 

Cozine,  Cornelius,  Conewago,  Pa.  1784-88. 

Craven,  Elijah  R.,  C.N.J.  1842,  P.S.  1847,  1.  Presb.  Baltimore,  1847;  Som- 
erville 2d,  1850-54,  (Newark  3d  Presbyt.)  1854— 

Crawford,  John  B.  b.  at  Hopewell,  N.Y.  1814,  R.C.  183G,  N.B.S.  1830,  1. 
.    CI.  Orange,  1839 ;  Middletown  Village,  Nov.  1839-Oct.  '40,  d. 

He  was  a  man  of  commanding  presence,  a  fine  scholar,  a  good  theologian, 
and  of  great  promise ;  but  was  soon  called  away. 

*  He  married  Miss  Maria  Frelinghuj'sen,  daughter  of  Gen.  Frederick  FrelLnghuysen,  a 
lady  of  great  amiability  and  eminent  piety.  Her  bright  example  was  invaluable,  and  her 
presence  always  inspired  pleasure  and  comfort.  In  her  the  poor  and  suffering  lost  a  friend, 
and  the  church  of  Christ  a  burning  light.  Her  mind  was  naturally  vigorous  and  strong.  She 
was  characterized  by  unwearied  faithfulness,  by  kindness  of  manner,  by  a  patience  and  se- 
renity of  disposition  that  were  peculiarly  her  ov.Ti.  She  was  accurate  in  her  perceptions  and 
judgment,  and  at  all  times  a  wise  and  discreet  counselor.  She,  moreover,  deeply  realized 
the  obligations  which  her  position  in  life  imposed  upon  her.  Before  her  family,  she  beauti- 
fully exemplified  the  excellence  of  the  principles  of  the  Gospel.  The  path  of  duty  under  her 
government  was  strewed  with  flowers,  and  virtue  and  religion  were  made  attractive.  But 
her  charity  was  too  large  to  be  restricted  within  such  narrow  limits.  It  made  the  whole 
world  of  mankind  her  brethren  and  sisters.  The  hut  of  poverty  was  often  cheered  by  her 
presence.  She  loved  to  commune  with  the  children  of  affliction  and  sorrow,  and  lead  them 
to  the  great  source  of  consolation  and  peace.  In  the  house  of  mourning  she  was  always  at 
home.  She  had  clear  conceptions  of  the  plan  of  salvation,  yet  ever  had  a  pungent  sense  of 
her  condition  as  a  sinner,  sometimes  almost  feeling  ready  to  conclude  that  all  past  experience 
was  delusive.  Yet  she  neglected  no  opportunity  of  advancing  the  kingdom  of  Christ,  and 
was  rewarded,  at  length,  with  perfect  assurance  of  faith. 


62  THE    MINISTRY. 

Crispell,  Cor.  Eltinge,  E.G.  1839,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  KB.  1842;  Pier- 
mont,  1842-47,  Linlithgo,  1847-57,  Schoharie,  1857-63,  Rector  of  Gram- 
mar School,  New-Brunswick,  1863-06,  also  Prof,  of  History  in  Rutgers 
College  1864-66,  Prof,  of  Nat.  Philosophy,  Mathematics,  and  Astrono- 
my in  Hope  College,  1860-07,  Prof,  of  Didactic  Theology  in  Holland 
Seminary,  1867 — 

Crocker,  Asahel  B.  b.  at  Cambridge,  N.Y.  1813,  U.C.  1839,  P.S.  1842, 
1.  Presbyt.  Troy,  1842 ;  Glenville  2d,  1842-8,  (Eastern,  N.Y.  Congreg.) 
1848-50,  d. 

Crosby,  Howard,  N.Y.U.  1844,  lie.  by  North-Berkshire  Assoc.  Mass.  18. ., 
Prof,  of  Greek  in  N.Y.U.  1852-9,  Prof,  of  Greek  in  Rutgers  Col.  1860-2, 
(N.Y.C.  Presbyt.) 

Cruikshank,  John  C.  b.  1798,  U.C.  1834,  N.B.S.  1837,  Hyde  Park,  1837- 
43,  Hurley,  1843-50,  Little  Falls,  1850-08,  w.  c. 

Cruikshank,  Wm.    b.  at  Salem,  N.Y.  1798,  U.C.  1821,  N.B.S.  1824,  1.  CI. 

N.B.  1824 ;  Flatlands  and  New-Lotts,  1825-34,  Newburgh,  1885-8,  S.S. 

Mamakating,  1849-54,  d. 

He  collected  and  organized  the  church  of  Newburgh  in  1835,  but  failing 
health  soon  obliged  him  to  resign,  and  prevented  his  assuming  the  pastoral 
relation  again  except  as  a  supply.  His  mind  was  clear  and  logical,  and  his 
sermons  partook  of  the  same  characteristics,  being  clearly  arranged,  and 
were  also  forcibly  presented.  He  did  not  write  out  his  discourses  in  full, 
but  filled  up  and  illustrated  his  subject  from  the  inspiration  of  the  moment. 
His  delivery  was  warm  and  glowing,  and  its  effect  was  heightened  by  a 
voice  of  great  compass  and  of  unusutl  flexibility  of  intonation.  To  these 
were  added  a  graceful  person  and  manner,  and  a  countenance  that  ex- 
pressed the  emotions  of  his  soul.  In  ministerial  labor  he  was  active  and 
devoted,  while  as  a  companion  he  was  genial.  He  possessed  a  sympathiz- 
ing nature  and  a  varied  and  extensive  store  of  knowledge.  He  was  spoken 
of  by  those  who  knew  him  as  one  of  the  most  gifted  ministers  in  the  de- 
nomination. He  published  a  tract  entitled  "  David  Baldwin  ;  or,  the  Mil- 
ler's Son,"  and  a  sermon  on  "  The  Intermediate  State."  When  without  a 
charge,  he  published  a  series  of  papers  on  "Washington's  Body-Guard." 

Currie,  Robt.  0.  b.  1806,  R.C.  1829,  N.B.S.  1834,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1834;  New- 
Utrecht,  1835-60,  d. 

He  was  a  clear  and  accurate  thinker ;  his  mind  did  not  tolerate  any  con- 
fusion of  words  or  seek  for  a  display  of  language.  His  words  were  care- 
fully selected  for  an  accurate  expression  of  those  ideas  of  M'hich  he  had  a 
clear  conception  in  his  own  mind.  But  while  this  was  so,  his  style  was 
not  dry  or  harsh  ;  with  nothing  to  attract  attention,  his  language  was  like 
polished  glass,  a  pure  medium  through  which  the  truth  was  presented  in 
the  truest,  clearest  manner. 

He  was  a  careful  and  constant  student  of  the  word  of  God.     He  had 


THE   MINISTRY.  63 

mental  traits  which  rendered  him  competent  to  distinguish  himself  in  any 
of  the  departments  of  learning,  but  this  was  his  chosen  work.  lie  studied 
the  Bible  profoundly  and  brought  forth  its  rich  treasures  in  well-prepared 
discourse  for  the  pulpit.  lie  was  not  a  dry,  didactic  instructor  nor  an  im- 
passioned orator.  His  heart  glowed  with  the  truth,  and  that  glow  was 
shed  over  all  his  discourses.  His  sermons  were  clear  in  their  statements, 
convincing  the  moral  judgment  of  his  hearers.  They  were  direct ;  he  did 
not  wander  from  tlie  point  he  intended  to  reach  for  embellishments  to  please 
the  fanc}',  the  thing  intended  was  brought  distinctly  before  the  mind. 
There  was  a  full  statement  of  all  the  doctrines  that  refer  to  man's  redemp- 
tion and  a  faithful  inculcation  of  all  the  duties  of  a  Christian  life. 

As  a  minister  of  God  he  desired  the  salvation  of  men,  and  was  not  satis- 
fied without  reaching  this  end  as  the  object  of  his  ministr3^  He  sought 
also  to  instruct  and  edify  the  members  of  the  church.  It  was  this  last 
work  for  which  he  was  so  fully  qualified  and  in  which  he  succeeded  so 
well.  He  gave  to  the  members  of  his  church  a  solid  Christian  education  ; 
they  were  educated  in  doctrine  and  in  duty.  It  was  his  purpose  to  bring 
each  one  up  to  the  measure  of  their  responsibility  as  a  steward  and  a 
servant  of  Christ.  A  long  ministry  to  one  people,  extending  through  more 
than  thirty  years,  gave  an  oj^portunity  to  test  successfully  this  method  of 
rearing  up  Cln-istians  to  the  "measure  of  the  stature  of  the  fullness  of 
Christ."  The  results  of  this  process  of  religious  education  and  spiritual 
development  have  remained  as  a  monument  of  praise  to  commemorate  his 
work ;  especially  do  we  see  it  in  the  large,  steady,  perennial  flow  of  Chris- 
tian benevolence.  Warmly  interested  himself  in  every  good  work  and 
steadfast  in  it,  he  brought  his  church  to  realize  the  true  principle  of  Chris- 
tian action. 

lie  felt  much  anxiety  for  the  conversion  of  sinners  ;  this  troubled  his 
mind  for  .come  years  before  his  death.  It  pleased  the  Lord  not  to  send  the 
promised  blessing  until  he  had  taken  him  home  into  the  heavenly  man- 
sions. While  his  people  were  yet  without  a  pastor,  a  most  wonderful 
work  of  grace  occurred,  by  which  a  large  number,  especially  of  youth,  were 
added  to  the  church.  The  gathering  of  the  harvest  from  the  seed  which 
he  had  sown  was  done  by  other  hands. 

As  a  pastor,  he  was  kind,  faithful,  and  affecti"Dnate.  It  was  his  fixed 
principle  to  give  immediate  attention  to  ever)''  duty.  In  social  intercourse 
he  was  the  Christian  gentleman,  with  no  taint  of  arrogance  or  self-impor- 
tance. His  opinions  and  principles  were  well  ascertained  and  faithfully  ad- 
hered to.  He  was  careful,  candid,  and  wise  in  counsel,  a  good  and  reliable 
adviser  in  ecclesiastical  matters.  An  example  of  punctuality  in  attend- 
ance, and  of  courtesy  and  propriety  in  conference  and  public  debate  with 
his  ministerial  brethren  ;  and  as  such  he  is  held  in  memory  esteemed  and 
respected. — J.  M.  V.  B. 

Curteniu.s,  Antonius,  b.  1698,  c.  from  Holland,  1730,  llackensack,  1730-7, 
Hackensack  and  Schraalenburgh,  1737-55,  Brooklyn,  Flatlands,  Bush- 
wick,  Flatbush,  New-Utrecht,  and  Gravesend,  1755-G,  d. 


64  THE   MINISTRY. 

He  was  pastor  at  Ilackensack  when  those  difficulties  began  which  have 
now  for  nearly  a  century  and  a  quarter,  distracted  the  religious  communi- 
ties of  Bergen  County,  N.  J.  The  origin  of  these  difficulties  is  somewhat 
obscure,  yet  their  general  nature  can  be  understood.  (Ctoetschius,  J.  H.,  Ju.) 
Another  minister  was  called,  as  a  colleague,  after  Mr.  Curtenius  had 
preached  in  his  charges  for  eighteen  years.  This  may  have  been  partly  on 
account  of  the  excessive  labor,  and  partly  on  account  of  the  disaffection  of 
some  toward  Domine  Curtenius,  who,  perhaps,  was  not  very  popular. 
Yet  the  latter  installed  Mr.  Goetschius  as  his  colleague.  They  were, 
moreover,  both  members  of  the  Coetus,  although  when  Coetus  proposed 
turning  itself  into  a  Chassis,  in  1753,  Curtenius,  with  several  others,  be- 
came the  bitter  opponent  of  the  Coetus.  The  elders  and  deacons  of  his 
charge  seem  to  have  been,  without  exception,  inimical  to  Curtenius.  He 
was  not  treated  by  them  with  the  deference  which  was  his  due,  they  not 
even  consulting  him  in  important  business  matters.  He  often  preached 
without  a  single  one  of  them  in  their  places. 

Yet  he  had  his  friends,  and  the  year  after  he  left  Hackensack,  (1756,)  having 
been  called  by  the  party  of  Arondeus  on  Long  Island  to  succeed  that  trou- 
blesome man,  his  party  at  Hackensack  and  Schraalenburgh  had  themselves 
organized  into  new  and  independent  consistories.  This  service  was  done 
by  Domine  Haeghoort,  of  Second  River,  (1756.)  The  new  organizations 
now  called  John  Schuyler,  of  Schoharie,  to  succeed  Curtenius.  Mr.  S.  had 
been  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  this  country,  indeed,  (but  by  express  di- 
rection of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,)  in  1736,  by  Homines  Erickson  and 
Haeghoort.  He  had  been  a  member  of  Coetus  from  its  origin,  but  now 
against  their  wishes  took  charge  of  these  new  organizations,  and  was  cen- 
sured bj^  them  for  it.  Coetus  seems  to  have  hoped  that  the  separation 
would  not  continue.  But  the  committee  of  Coetus  who  imposed  the  cen- 
sure, namely,  T.  Frelinghuysen,  Verbryck,  Fryenmoet,  and  J.  Leydt,  were 
prosecuted  for  it.  But  the  division  was  made,  and  continues  with  all  its 
unhappy  influences  and  sins  to  this  day.  Yet  Curtenius  seems  to  have 
been  a  mild  and  prudent  man.  Says  his  obituary,  "  He  was  remarkable 
for  his  indefatigable  diligence  in  the  ministrations  of  his  office.  His  actions 
in  all  the  affairs  of  life  have  ever  been  accompanied  with  the  strictest  rules 
of  justice,  so  that  none  could  with  more  propriety  claim  the  title  of 
a  preacher  and  sincere  Christian,  which  not  only  his  morals  manifested, 
but  his  happy  death."  A  funeral  eulogj^  on  him  was  printed  in  New-Yoi'k 
by  H.  Goelet. 

Gushing,  David,  b.  1801,  N.B.S,  1831,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1831  ;  Kinder- 
hook,  2d,  1834-5,  (Lockport,  N.Y.  and  Portsmouth,  0.  1835-49.) 

Cuyler,  Cornelius  C,  b.  in  Albany,  1783,  U.C.  1786,  studied  under  Bassett 
and   Livingston,    1.    CI.    Schenectady,    1808  ;    Poughkeepsie,    1809-33, 
(Philadelphia,  Presbyt.  1833-May,  '50,)  d.  Aug.  31st,  1850. 
His  strength  and  agility  of  body  in  early  life  were  great.     The  necessity 

of  self-reliance  early  developed  his  faculties.     The  result  was,  that  at  twen- 


THE   MINISTRY.  65 

tj'-five  years  of  age  lie  liad  the  niaturih'-  wliich  many  no  less  gifted  by  na- 
ture, do  not  attain  till  a  much  later  period.  As  a  man,  he  was  confiding, 
friendly,  and  social  to  an  unusual  degree.  AVith  all  his  delightful  tender- 
ness were  united  great  boldness  and  manliness  of  natural  intellect,  and 
patience  and  heroism  of  heart. 

His  Christian  character  was  adjusted  in  fine  proportions.  The  ascetic, 
the  superstitious,  the  fitnatical,  or  the  liarsh  had  in  him  no  place.  Humble 
before  (.iod,  he  was  courteous  but  not  servile  before  man.  A  lover  of 
peace,  he  made  no  man  an  olFender  for  a  word.  His  faith  bordered  not  on 
presumption,  and  yet  it  was  firm.  His  love  to  God's  people  was  strong 
and  self-sacrificing. 

As  a  public  servant  of  the  Lord  Jesus  he  was  entitled  to  great  venera- 
tion. He  ever  held  fast  the  form  of  sound  words,  but  he  did  not  rest  in  a 
heartless  orthodoxy.  He  held  that  it  was  good  to  be  zetdousl}'-  allected  in 
a  good  cause.  He  was  greatly  successful  in  winning  souls  and  in  edifying 
believers.  During  the  first  two  years  of  his  ministry,  two  hundred  were 
united  to  his  church,  and  he  was  favored  with  three  other  large  revivals  in 
his  first  charge.  While  there,  he  refused  calls  to  some  of  the  most  impor- 
tant positions  iu  the  country,  rejoicing  in  the  affectionate  confidence  of  a 
pious  and  devoted  people.  He  received  at  three  different  communion  sea- 
sons respectively  sixty-nine,  eighty,  and  eighty-eight  indiviiluals,  at  one 
time  baptizing  twenty-nine  adults  on  a  single  occasion.  When  he  took 
charge  at  Poughkeepsie,  there  were  only  about  fifty  communicants,  and 
there  were  added  during  his  ministry  nearly  a  thousand.  In  Philadelphia, 
he  received  about  three  hundred.  His  ministerial  and  pastoral  duties  were 
ever  pursued  with  unwearied,  assiduous,  and  punctual  devotedness. — Fu- 
neral Address  ly  JRev.   W.  S.  Flumer. 

Cuyler,  Theodore  Ledyard,  C.N.J.  1841,  P.S.  1^46  ;  (Kingston,  Pa.,  Bur- 
lington, N.J.,  Trenton,  3d  ;)  N.Y.C.  Market  St.  1854-9,  (Brooklyn,  Park 
St.  1859—) 

Dahlmann,  John  J.  W.  from  Presbyt.  ofKassau;  (Melrose,  18G1-3,  Phila- 
delphia, G.Pv.  1863-5,)  w.  c.  1805— 

Daille,  Pierre,  b.  1G49;  (French  Ref.)  New-York,  1G83-92,  supplied  also 
,    New-Paltz  occasionally,  1088-92,  itinerated  among  the  French  churches, 

1692-0,  Boston,  (French  Ref.)  1096-1715,  d. 

In  October,  1083,  Dominc  Selyns  writes  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam, 
"Doinine  Peter  Daille,  late  professor  at  Salmurs,  has  become  my  colleague. 
He  is  full  of  fire,  godliness,  and  learning.  Banished  on  account  of  his  reli- 
gion, he  maintains  the  cause  of  Jesus  Christ  with  untiring  zeal."  He  offi- 
ciated in  New-York  in  the  Reformed  French  church,  organizing  and  sup- 
plying the  neighboring  Huguenot  congregations  as  opportunity  permitted. 
He  fell  under  the  displeasure  of  Governor  Leisler,  in  1090,  for  refusing  to 
recognize  his  usurpations.  For  four  years  after  1092  he  seems  to  have 
tinerated  most  of  the  time.  He  was  the  Apostle  to  the  Huguenots  in 
5 


66  THE   MINISTEY. 

America.  He  was  a  person  of  great  piety  and  charity,  of  affable  and  cour- 
teous behavior,  and  of  an  exemplary  life  and  conversation.  He  was  much 
lamented  by  his  Qock.— Col.  Hist.  iii.  651,  Mass.  Col.  Hist.  ii.  52. 

[Dallicker,  (De  la  Cour,)  Fred.  b.  1738,  1.  1757;  Amwell,  N.J.  17.. -70, 
Rockaway,  Valley,  Alexandria,  and  Foxenburgh,  N.J.  1770-82,  Gosen- 
hoppen,  Pa.  1782-4,  d.  1799.] 

Dangremond,  Gerrit,  H.C.  1866,  student  of  theology  at  Holland,  Mich. 
1869. 

Dater,  Henry,  R.C.  1847,  N.B.S.  1850,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1850  ;  Branchville, 
1850-3,  Hyde  Park,  1853— 

Davenport,  Jerome  A.  N.B.S.  1847,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1847 ;  Miss,  to  Thousand 
Isles,  1847-50,  Miss,  to  Wisconsin,  1854,  Episcopalian. 

Davie,  J.  T.  M.  From  Presbyt.  North-River,  1853  ;  Flatlands,  1853-61,  d. 
1862. 

Davis,  John  A.     R.C.  1865,  N.B.S.  1868, 1.  CI 1868  ;  sailed  for  China, 

Jan.  9th,  1869. 

Davis,  Wm.  E.     R.C.  1868,  student  in  N.B.S.  • 

Davis,  Wm.  P.  Princetown,  N.Y.  1843-7,  Helderbergh,  1847-51,  Coey- 
mans  and  New-Baltimore,  1852-5,  Helderbergh,  1857  — 

(Dean,  Artemus,  supplied  Schenectady,  2d,  1858-61,  pending  the  property 
suit.) 

De  Baun,  John  A.  R.C.  1852,  N.B.S.  1855,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1855  ;  Oyster 
Bay,  1855-8,  Lisha's  Kill  and  Niskayuna,  1858— 

De  Baun,  Isaac  Y.,  I.  ly  Seceders,  1860 ;  Montville,  1861-5,  Paramus, 
1868— 

De  Baiin,  John  T.,  I.  iy  the  Seceders,  1856  ;  Ramaiw  and  Hempstead,  1856- 
60,  Hackensack  and  English  Neighborhood,  1860 — 

De  Beer,  J.  B.     Forreston,  1867— 

Decker,  Henry  E.  W.C.  1854,  N.B.S.  1857,  1.  CI.  Rensselaer,  1857  ;  New- 
Concord,  1857-60,  Piermont,  1860-5,  Grand  Rapids,  1865-7,  Havana, 
1867— 

De  Fraest,  David  R.  b.  in  Greenbush,  Rensselaer  Co.  N.Y.  1785,  N.B.S. 
1818,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1818  ;  Cato,  1821-5,  Cato  and  Stirling,  1825,  indepen- 
dent, 1825-8,  1828  suspended;  Assoc.  Presbyt.  d.  1851. 

De  Hart,  Wm.  H.  R.C.  1865,  N.B.S.  1868,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1868  ;  N.  and  S. 
Hampton,  1868 — 

Dellius,  Godfreidus,  c.  to  America,  1683  ;  Albany,  also  supplying  Schenec- 
tady, 1083-99  ,  Miss,  at  same  time  to  the  Mohawk  Indians. 
He  was  called  to  Albany  as  an  assistant  to  Schaats  in  his  declining  days. 


THE   MINISTRY.  67 

For  the  first  half-dozen  years  he  seems  quietly  to  have  performed  his 
duties,  but  for  the  last  ten  years  of  his  ministry  he  is  much  mixed  up  in 
civil  affairs,  lie  refused,  in  common  with  all  the  Reformed  clergy,  to  re- 
cognize Leisler's  usurpation  in  1689.  He  was  commanded  to  appear  in 
New- York  to  answer  this  charge,  but  he  secreted  himself  in  New-Jersey 
and  on  Long  Island.  lie  also  was  at  Selyns'  house  in  the  city  clandes- 
tinely, while  in  the  neighborhood.  lie  afterward  fled  to  Boston.  Leislcr 
charged  him  with  being  a  principal  actor  in  the  French  and  English  diffi- 
culties and  an  enemy  to  the  Prince  of  Orange,  refusing  to  recognize  the 
English  Revolution  by  which  the  Protestant  William  succeeded  the  Papal 
James.  He  styled  him  a  Coclcaran,  minister,  and  states  that  he  refused  to 
celebrate  thanksgiving  day  for  the  happy  revolution,  and  also  a  subsequent 
day  of  humiliation,  and  that  he  shut  his  doors  when  William  and  Mary 
were  proclaimed  King  and  Queen  of  the  province.  Dellius  was  the  princi- 
pal of  Major  Winthrop's  council,  helping  the  disafiected  and  corresponding 
with  the  Jesuits  in  Canada.  Dellius,  however,  wrote  to  England,  repre- 
senting Leisler's  character  in  its  true  light.  It  would  seem  that  it  was  not 
hostility  to  the  Prince  of  Orange  which  influenced  the  Dutch  clergy  gene- 
rall}',  but  rather  an  unwillingness  in  any  way  to  recognize  Leisler's  procla- 
mations as  official. 

Immediatel}^  after  Leisler's  execution,  in  May,  1691,  Governor  Sloughter 
recalled  Dellius,  who  was  on  the  point  of  embarking  for  Europe  from  Bos- 
ton. He  returned  to  New-York,  and  thence  proceeded  to  Albany.  He 
said  that  he  returned  especially  for  the  sake  of  teaching  the  poor  Indians, 
and  they  expressed  great  gratitude  to  the  new  Governor  for  recalling  him. 
lie  was  allowed  by  the  Government  £60  a  year  for  teaching  them.  He, 
like  Megapolensis  before  him,  greatly  restrained  their  ferocities  toward 
their  French  prisoners.  Father  Milet,  when  a  prisoner  among  the  Oneidas, 
was  saved  much  suffering  through  Dellius'  influence.  Milet,  while  a  cap- 
tive, wrote  him  several  letters,  and  Father  Dablon,  another  Jesuit  mis- 
sionary in  Canada,  warmly  thanked  Dellius  in  a  letter,  and  oflfercd  to  secure 
him  pecuniary  compensation  for  his  kindness  from  any  port  of  France 
which  he  might  name.  Dellius  also  corresponded  with  Governor  Fletcher 
about  the  French  and  Indian  difficulties,  the  French  and  English  both 
seeking  to  monopolize  the  fur  trade  with  the  Five  Nations.  He  was  also 
often  employed  as  a  civil  agent  to  the  Indians,  and  had  a  most  remarkable 
power  over  them. 

With  the  conclusion  of  peace  between  the  English  and  French  in  Europe, 
Dellius  and  Peter  Schuyler  were  sent  as  agents  to  Canada,  to  Count  de 
Frontenac,  (April,  1698,)  to  announce  the  peace  and  bring  to  an  end  the 
provincial  hostilities.  They  took  with  them  nineteen  French  prisoners  and 
secured  the  delivery  of  those  held  by  the  French.  This  was  done  under 
the  authority  of  Bellomont. 

But  the  Domine  now  became  involved  in  a  charge  of  fraud.  Two  Chris- 
tian Indians  made  affidavit  that  he,  in  connection  with  Peter  Schuyler, 
Evert  Banker,  and  Dirck  Wessels,  had  fraudulently,  in  1696,  obtained  an 


68  THE   MINISTEY. 

Indian  deed  for  a  large  tract  of  land.  They  stated  that  he  had  represented 
to  them  that  there  was  great  danger  of  their  lands  being  taken  from  them 
by  patents  from  the  crown,  and  that,  in  order  to  secure  them,  they  must 
transfer  them  to  him  and  his  partners,  in  trust.  This  land,  the  deed  for 
which  was  confirmed  by  Governor  Fletcher,  was  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Hudson,  above  Albany,  extending  seventy  miles  in  length,  to  Vergennes, 
Vermont,  and  twelve  in  breadth.  He  also  obtained  a  strip  in  the  valley  of 
the  Mohawk,  fifty  miles  by  four.  Governor  Fletcher  was  notorious  for  his 
great  corruption  in  ceding  large  grants  to  individuals.  When  the  Indians 
ascertained  the  true  state  of  the  case,  they  were  indignant.  At  an  ap- 
pointed meeting  with  Bellomont,  at  Albany,  in  May,  1698,  they  showed 
great  reserve  and  sullenness,  {Col.  Hist.  iv.  346,  362-7;)  but  when  they 
discovered  they  could  trust  Bellomont,  they  told  him  all  the  circumstances. 
These  Indians  were  converts  of  Dellius.  Yet  a  large  number  of  the  people 
vindicated  Dellius  in  the  whole  transaction,  and  when  the  vacating  act 
was  about  to  be  passed,  a  memorial,  signed  hy  several  hundreds,  was  pre- 
sented against  it.  Many  of  the  people,  however,  were  opposed  to  any 
large  grants.  They  styled  the  grantees  landgraves.  The  land  was  espe- 
cially valuable  for  masts,  which  were  floated  down  to  New-York.  There 
was  no  rent  reserved  for  the  king  excepting  a  few  skins.  Bellomont  sa)'3 : 
"  This  is  a  prodigious  tract  of  country  to  grant  away  to  a  stranger  that  has 
not  a  child,  that  is  not  a  denizen,  and,  in  a  word,  a  man  that  has  not  any 
sort  of  virtue  or  merit."  Indeed,  Bellomont  spares  no  opportunity  to 
blacken  Dellius'  character,  and  almost  seems  to  overshoot  the  mark.  He 
charges  him  with  all  sorts  of  crimes,  {Col.  Hist.  iv.  488,  581  ;)  yet  the  In- 
dian converts  who  had  sworn  against  him  afterward  took  a  counter  oath, 
and  asked  Dellius  to  forgive  them,  just  before  he  left  the  country.  Proba- 
bly the  Indians  did  not  understand  fully  either  of  the  oaths.  Bellomont 
secured  a  bill  to  vacate  the  lands  (in  the  spring  of  1699)  and  a  doubtful 
vote  to  suspend  Dellius  from  ministerial  duty  in  Albany  County.  As  one 
of  the  Council,  he  gave  the  casting  vote  against  him  and  also  signed  the 
bill  as  Governor.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  complained  to  the  Bishop  of 
London  of  Bellomont's  conduct,  and  Albany  raised  £200  and  New-York 
£500,  with  which  Dellius  might  hasten  to  England  to  try  and  defeat  the 
vacating  bill  before  it  received  the  king's  signature.  The  enemies  of  Del- 
lius said  he  fled  the  country. 

The  whole  case  is  reviewed  by  the  agent  of  the  Government  in  its  de- 
fense in  Col.  Hist.  v.  7-11.  Dellius  carried  with  him  to  England  nume- 
rous certificates  vindicating  his  character  in  the  whole  transaction,  the  two 
French  Reformed  clergymen  and  Rev.  Mr,  Vese)"-,  rector  of  Trinity  Church, 
New-York,  giving  theirs  among  the  rest.  His  enemies  sent  many  other 
certificates  after  him  of  an  opposite  character.  Mr.  Vesey  prayed  for  him 
by  name  in  his  public  services,  asking  that  God  would  deliver  him  from 
the  hands  of  his  enemies,  give  him  a  prosperous  voyage,  and  send  him 
back  to  his  flock.  But  Bellomont,  on  the  other  hand,  entreated  that  Mr, 
Vesey  might  be  superseded,  and  Dellius  not  allowed  to  return.     Yet  Bello- 


THE   MINISTRY.  69 

mont  himself  must  have  been  a  man  of  strange  character.  lie  not  only 
vindicated  the  usurpations  and  acts  of  Leisler,  but,  nine  years  after  Leislcr's 
execution  as  a  traitor,  he  had  his  remains  exhumed,  and,  after  lying  in 
state  for  several  weeks,  buried  under  the  Dutch  church,  notwithstanding 
the  protests  of  the  consistory.  (Col.  Hist.  iv.  523,  G21.)  Many  charges 
may  be  seen  against  him  also  in  the  last  reference.  The  Bishop  of  London 
regretted  that  so  useful  a  man  as  Dellius  had  been  suspended.  He  after- 
ward (1705,  1710)  seems  to  have  been  a  missionary  to  the  Indians  in  the 
Episcopal  Church,  although  this  is  not,  perhaps,  certain.  He  was  not  a 
married  man  when  he  went  to  Albany,  and,  so  f\ir  as  appears,  never  mar- 
ried. In  1705,  he  is  represented  as  advancnig  toward  age.  The  circum- 
stances in  which  ho  was  placed  rendered  it  difficult  for  him  to  avoid  the 
political  complications  in  which  he  became  involved,  though  they  must 
have  most  seriousl}-  interfered  with  his  ministry.  The  extensive  grants 
which  he  received  from  the  corrupt  Fletcher  have  certainly  a  bad  look,  yet, 
from  the  counter  affidavits  afterward  made,  he  may  have  been  innocent  of 
intentional  fraud.  Nucella  became  his  colleague  the  year  before  his  de- 
parture. See  his  name  in  index  of  Col.  Hist.  iV^.  F.,  which  is  very  full ; 
also  index  of  Doc.  Mist.  JV!  Y. 

Demarest,  Cor.  T.  C.C.  1804,  studied  under  Froeligh,  1.  CI.  Paramus, 
1807 ;  White  House,  1808-13,  English  Neighborhood,  1813-24,  seceded, 
suspended.  [English  Neigliborliood,  1824-39,  Jlackensack  and  English 
NeighUrhood,  1839-51,  New-Yorl\  King  St.  1851-G2,  d.] 
In  the  early  part  of  his  labors  at  English  Neighborhood  he  seems  to  have 
been  much  blessed.  For  five  years  all  was  amicable.  But  lie  then  be- 
came entangled  in  the  unhappy  difiQculties  of  the  Hackensack  church,  by 
taking  part  too  warm.ly  with  Domine  Froeligh.  (Froeligh.)  He  was 
charged  with  having  tampered  with  the  Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Bergen 
in  reference  to  the  matters  in  dispute,  and  thus  he  was  led  on  into  the 
secession,  in  1824.  The  Classis  then  suspended  him  (he  refusing  to  ap- 
pear) for  falsifying  their  Minutes,  for  prevarication,  and  private  and  public 
abuse  of  Classi.s,  and  for  public  schism.  (See  Minutes  of  Classis.)  His 
consistory  unanimously  went  with  him  into  the  secession  and  attempted  to 
carry  the  property  with  them,  which  resulted  in  a  lawsuit,  sixty-two  mem- 
bers of  the  congregation  protesting  against  their  secession.  Judge  E  wing  de- 
cided against  the  seceders  and  gave  the  property  to  those  who  had  remained 
in  the  old  connection.  Mr.  Demarest  continued  to  officiate  in  the  church 
of  the  secession  till  his  death,  in  18G3.  He  seems  to  have  taken  the  place 
of  Solomon  Froeligh  when  he  died,  in  1827,  as  the  chief  leader  of  the 
secession.  He  preached  a  sermon,  which  was  printed,  styled  "  A  Lamenta- 
tion over  Rev.  Solomon  Froeleigh,"  witli  copious  historical  notes  pertaining 
to  the  men  who  had  had  any  connection  with  these  affairs.  It  betraj's 
much  of  a  bitter  spirit. 

Demarest,  David  D.  R.C.  1837,  N.B.S.  1840,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1840;  Flatbush, 
(Ulster  Co.  N.Y.)  1841-43,  New-Brunswick  2d,  1843-52,  Hudson,  1852- 
65,  Prof,  of  Pastoral  Theology  at  New-Brunswick,  18G5 — 


70  THE   MINISTRY. 

Demarest,  Jas.  (son  of  John  Demarest,)  Col.  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
N.Y.  182.,  N.B.S.  1829,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1829;  Miss,  to  Williamsburgh,  1829 
-30  WiUiamsburgh,  1830-39,  Wawarsing,  1842-48,  Miss,  at  Lansing,  111. 
1848  Sup.  of  Leake  and  Watts  Orphan  House,  1849-53,  North-Hemp- 
stead,  1853-59,  w.  c— 

Demakest,  Jas.  (son  of  Jas.  Demarest,)  U.C.  1852,  N.B.S.  1856,  1.  CI.  N.Y. 
1856  ;  Hackensack  2d,  1856-63,  Newark  4th,  1863-66,  Chicago,  1866— 

Demarest,  Jas.  D.  studied  Theol.  under  Livingston,  \.  CI.  Paramus,  1803 ; 
Caatsban,  1807-8,  Kakiat  and  Ramapo,  1808-24,  seceded,  [Hamapo  and 
Kahiat,  {Hempstead,)  1824-58,  w.  c] 

Demarest,  John,  (b.  at  New-Bridge,  N.J.  1763,  studied  under  Froeligh,  1.  by 
Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1789 ;  Niskayuna  and  Boght,  1790-1803,  Minisink 
and  Mahakemack,  1803-1806,  Ponds  and  WyckofF,  1812-20,  seceded, 
1822 ;  su^ended,  1824,  d.  1837. 

Demarest,  John  T.  R.C.  1834,  N.B.S.  1837,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1837;  New-Pros- 
pect, 1837-49,  Minisink,  1850-53,  Prin.  Harrisburgh  Academy,  1852-54, 
Pascack,  1854-67,  w.  c. 

Demarest,  Wm.  C.C.  1834,  N.B.S.  1837,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1837;  Clover  Hill, 
1838-40,  New-Hurley,  1840-45,  Berne  1st  and  Beaverdam,  1845-50, 
Westerlo,  1850-54,  Bound  Brook,  1854-57,  Ramapo,  1858-68,  w.  c. 

Demarest,  Wm.  in  secession,  licensed  1837,  w.  c. 

De  Mund,  Isaac  S.  C.N.J.  1823,  Walpeck,  1827-9,  teaching  at  Natchez, 
Miss.  1829-30,  Pompton,  1830-39,  Houston  St.  N.Y.  1839-48,  Yonkers, 
1848-50,  Belleville,  1850-56,  [2d  Lancaster,  Ger.  Ref.  1856-64,]  Paramus, 
1864— 

Denham,  Alex,  from  Assoc.  Ref.  Presb.  of  Washington,  1827,  w.  c.  1827- 
30. 

Denniston,  J.  Otis,  U.S.  18.  .,  Chapel  at  Fishkill  on  the  Hudson,  1866 — 

De  Pree,  Jas.   H.C.  1867,  Student  of  Theology  in  Holland  Sem.  1870. 

De  Pree,  Peter,  R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  1865,  1.  CI.  Holland,  1865 ;  Bethel, 
1867— 

De  Puy,  Ephraim,  R.C.  1835,  N.B.S.  1840,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1840;  Prattsville, 
1841-46,  Clove,  1846-53,  Mott  Haven,  1853-54,  Middleport,  1856-57, 
w.  c.  1857-61,  Episcopahan. 

De  Ronde,  Lambertus,  New-York  and  Harlem,  1751-84,  Schaghticoke, 

1784-95,  d. 

He  supplied  Schaghticoke  during  most  of  the  revolution,  as  he  was  driven 
from  New-York ;  but  in  1780  he  represented  the  churches  of  Red  Hook  and 
Saugerties  in  the  Classis  of  Kingston.     He  was  successor  to  the  eminent 


THE   MINISTRY.  71 

Du  Bois,  in  New-York.  At  his  first  coming,  he  attended  one  meeting  of 
the  Coetus,  but  never  afterward.  lie  became  a  decided  member  of  the  Con- 
ferentie  party  after  the  disruption  in  1755,  and  was  never  absent  from  their 
meetings,  llis  Consistory,  however,  remained  neutral.  Though  he  did  not 
possess  as  high  a  standard  of  character  and  usefulness  as  his  colleague,  Rit- 
zema,  yet,  in  many  points,  he  was  respectable.  Though  he  was  one  of  the 
committee  which  procured  Dr.  Laidlie  to  preach  in  English,  he  afterward 
turned  against  him,  and  was  the  leading  spirit  in  the  "Dutch  party"  in  the 
famous  law-suit  which  grew  out  of  this  matter.  Many  were  bitterly  deter- 
mined not  to  submit  to  the  innovation  of  English  preaching.  The  Consis- 
tory, however,  gained  the  suit,  which  was  upon  a  side  issue,  while  the 
"Dutch  party"  had  £300  costs  to  pay. 

De  Voe,  David,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston  (?)  Beaverdam  and  Middle- 
burgh,  1808-16,  also  Oppenheim,  1811-16,  St.  Johnsville,  1816-30,  Co- 
lumbia and  Warren,  1886-9,  d.  1843.  Was  an  active  pioneer  in  Central 
New-York,  and  organized  many  churches. — See  reports  of  Miss.  Soc. 
R.D.C.  1822-32. 

Dewing,  Jared,  N.B.S.  1820,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1820 ;  Miss,  at  Princetown,  1822 ; 
Presbyt. 

(De  Wint,  Peter,  in  1749,  called  to  Bergen  and  Staten  Island;  an  impostor  ; 
suspended,  1751,  deposed,  1752,  went  to  AYest-Indies.) 

De  Witt,  John,  b.  at  Catskill,  1789,  U.C.  and  C.N.J.  1809,  studied  under 
Dr.  Porter,  of  Catskill,  lie.  1811;  (Lanesboro,  Mass.  1811-13,)  Albany, 
1813-15,  Albany  2d,  1815-23,  Prof.  Ecc.  Hist,  in  New-Brunswick  Sem. 
1823-31,  also  of  Oriental  Literature,  1825-31,  Prof.  o(  Bel.  Let.  Criticism 
and  Logic  in  Rutgers  Col.  1825-31,  d. 

He  had  traits  different  from  most  men.  Indeed,  he  was  a  sui  generis  man. 
His  temperament  was  warm  and  impulsive,  with  a  vivacity  and  sprightli- 
ness  that  sometimes  ran  into  excessive  levity.  His  faculties  were  very 
vigorous,  and  he  had  a  versatility  that  was  indulged  to  a  fault.  While  he 
was  a  pastor,  he  sought  to  know  every  thing.  He  was  distinguished  by  a 
marked  individuality  if  not  originality  of  mind.-  He  did  and  said  things 
in  his  own  way,  and  as  no  one  else  was  likely  to  do  or  say  them ;  yet  he 
always,  or,  at  least,  generally,  did  and  said  them  well.  He  excelled  almost 
any  man  in  solving  knotty  problems  in  theology,  and  in  elucidating  difficult 
and  complicated  texts  and  subjects.  His  induction  into  the  professorial 
chair  was  of  great  and  evident  advantage  to  him,  inasmuch  as  it  served  to 
concentrate  his  mind,  and  restrain  its  tendencies  to  an  excessive  excursive- 
ness,  while  it  gave  him  au  opportunity  to  bring  his  multifarious  acquire- 
ments to  bear  upon  his  special  department  of  labor.  He  was  somewhat 
abrupt  in  speech  and  manner,  yet  a  man  of  much  kindness  and  hospitality. 
—  G.  L. 

He  commenced  the  study  of  law  in  Kinderhook ;  but,  his  mind  having 


72  THE   MINISTRY. 

been  brought  under  deep  religious  convictions,  he  felt  called  to  devote  him- 
self to  the  ministry.  In  Albany  he  was  the  colleague  of  Dr.  Bradford.  The 
church  of  Albany  had  two  buildings  in  different  parts  of  the  city,  and  in 
1815,  when  the  collegiate  connection  was  dissolved,  the  two  pastors  drew 
lots  to  decide  to  which  churches  they  should  respectively  go. 

He  was  a  man  of  frank,  joyous,  and  genial  nature,  yet  of  acute  and  ten- 
der sensibilities.  His  piety  was  ardent.  His  preaching  eminently  plain, 
evangelical,  and  earnest.  His  manner  in  the  pulpit  was  unaffected,  digni- 
fied, and  serious,  his  voice  clear  and  strong,  and  his  enunciation  distinct 
and  deliberate.  No  man  could  listen  to  him  without  pleasure  and  instruc- 
tion. As  a  pastor,  he  enjoyed  in  a  high  degree  the  confidence  and  affec- 
tion of  his  people,  and  his  separation  from  them  was  an  event  deeply  re- 
gretted by  them  all. 

De  Witt,  John,  (son  of  John  De  Witt,)  E.G.  1838,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  N.B. 
1842;  Ridgeway,  1842-4,  Ghent  1st,  1845-8,  Canajoharie,  1848-9,  Mill- 
s{one,  1850-G3,  Prof.  Oriental  Lit.  New-Brunswick,  1863— 

De  Witt,  Peter,  b.  at  Flatbush,  1739;  C.N.J.  1769,  studied  theol.  under 
Livingston,  lie.  by  General  Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,  1778  ;  Pihine- 
beck,  Rhinebeck  Flats,  and  Upper  Red  Hook,  1787-98,  Ponds  and  Wyc- 
koff;  1798-1809,  d. 

De  Witt,  Richard,  R.C.  1860,  N.B.S.  1863,  1.  CI.  Kingston,  1863;  Guil- 
ford, 1864— 

De  Witt,  Thomas,  b.  at  Kingston,  1791,  U.C.  1808,  N.B.S.  1812,  1.  CI.  N.B. 
1812  ;  Hopewell  and  New-Hackensack,  1812-26,  Hopewell,  1826-7,  New- 
York,  1827— 

Dey,  Richard  Varick,  (grandson  of  Archibald  Laidlie,)  C.C.  1818,  N.B.S. 
1822,  lie.  by  Congregationalists ;  (Greenfield  Hill,  Ct.  1822-30,)  Vaned- 
water  St.  N.Y.  1830-31,  w.  c.  d.  184.. 

Deyo,  Paul  T.   Samsonville,  1868— 

Dickhaut,  Conrad,  3d  Ger.  Ref.  D.  Ch.  N.Y.  1854,  Ger.  New-Brooklyn, 
1854-56,  Ger.  New-Brooklyn  and  Newtown  2d,  1856-61,  New-Brooklyn, 
1861-60. 

Dickson,  Alex.   Waterford,  1849-52,  Albany  3d,  1853-60,  w.  c— 

[Dillenbcrger,  John  Jacob,  from  Switzerland ;  Egypt,  Pa.  1752-5.] 

Doe,  Walter  P.  U.C.  1846,  S.S.  Gansevoort,  1852-53. 

Doeppenschmidt,  Chs.  from  Ger.  Evang.  Assoc.  Ohio,  1856 ;  Jersey  City 
4tb,  Ger.  1856-64,  Hudson  City,  Ger.  1864— 

Doolittle,  Horace,  U.C.  1826,  P.S.  1829,  1.  Presbyt.  N.B.  1828;  (Spring- 
field, N.J.  1830-3,  South-Orange,  1833-40,)  Pompton,  1840-52,  Stanton, 
1852— 


THE   MINISTRY.  73 

DooLiTTLK,  PniLiP  M.  (son  of  Horace  Doolittle,)  U.C.  1852,  N.B.S.  1850,  1. 
CI.  of  Philadelphm,  1850;  North-Branch,  1850— 

DooLiTTLK,  T.  Sandford,  R.C.  1859,  N.B.S.  18G2,  1.  CI.  of  N.Y.  1862;  Flat- 
lands,  1862-4,  Prof,  of  Rhet.  Logic,  &  Mental  Phil,  in  Rutgers  Coll.  1864— 

Doll,  Geo.  J.  L.  b.  1739,  Alban.y,  Gcr.  1772-75,  Kingston,  1775-1808,  died 
1811. 

Donald,  James,  Mariaville,  1844-50,  w.  c.  1853. 
Doremiis,  J.  II.    R.C.  1802,  N.B.S.  1865. 

[Dorstiu?,  G.  II.  North  and  South-IIampton,  and  Bucks  Co.  generally,  Pa. 

1731-48,  probably  went  to  Holland.] 

He  was  a  contemporary  and  intimate  friend  of  Domine  Frelinghuysen. 
Like  him,  he  had  his  troubles,  probably  from  similar  causes.  A  number 
of  young  men  studied  with  him  for  the  ministry.  He  at  once  fell  in  with 
Schlatter's  efforts  to  organize  and  consolidate  the  Pennsylvania  churches. 
The  Synod  of  N.  and  S.  Holland  addressed  a  letter,  through  him,  to  the 
Presbyterian  Synod  of  Philadelphia,  (1743,)  asking  that  Synod  to  write 
them  the  condition  of  the  Reformed  Churches,  (whether  German  or  Dutch,) 
in  that  province,  and  also  the  condition  of  their  own  churches ;  and  to  state 
whether  it  were  practicable  for  them  to  unite  in  one  body.  Their  reply, 
after  giving  the  information  asked,  declared  their  willingness  to  unite  with 
them  in  all  efforts  to  promote  the  common  interests  of  religion.  Dorstius 
united  with  Frelinghu3'sen  in  ordaining  Goetschius,  on  their  own  responsi- 
bility, to  furnish  preachers  of  the  Gospel  to  the  people. — IlarlaitgJis  Lives. 

Doty,  Elihu,  b.  in  18..,  R.C.  1835,  N.B.S.  1836,  1.  CI.  Schoharie,  1836; 
voyage  to  Java,  June-Sept.  1830,  Batavia,  1830-9,  Sambas,  Borneo, 
June,  1839-40,  in  Borneo,  lS40-April,  '44,  Amoy,  June,  1844-5,  voyage 
to  America,  Nov.  1845-March,  '46,  in  America,  1840-7,  voyage  to  China, 
May-Aug.  1847,  Amoy,  1847-59,  voyage  to  America,  Nov.  1859-Feb.  '60, 
in  America,  1860-1,  voyage  to  China,  May-July,  1861,  Amoj',  1801-4, 
sailed  for  America,  Nov.  30th,  1864,  d.  on  passage. 

His  first  aspirations  after  missionary  life  were  formed  in  the  Sabbath- 
school.  In  his  studies  he  was  known  for  his  faithful  application  and  ex- 
cellent scholarship — not  showy,  but  solid — developing  excellent  judgment 
and  great  balance  of  mind,  and  winning  respect  and  confidence  by  his 
earnest  and  decided  piety.  He  was  somewhat  advanced  in  age  when  he 
began  his  preparation  for  the  ministr}',  and,  by  the  advice  of  others,  over- 
leaped two  years  of  the  collegiate  course.  He  was  a  man  of  massive  solidity 
of  character,  and  his  religious  convictions  of  great  strength.  He  was  not  bril- 
liant or  profound,  his  reading  was  not  extensive,  nor  did  he  sacrifice  much  to 
the  graces.  Yet  what  he  undertook  he  performed.  His  integrity,  intellec- 
tual and  moral,  was  complete,  and  no  one  ever  dreamed  of  questioning  his 
conscientiousness.  His  missionary  ardor  was  increa.sed  by  the  magnetic 
presence  and  contagious  enthusiasm  of  the  genial  and  winning  David  Abeel. 


74  THE   MINISTRY. 

In  Borneo  his  labor  appeared  fruitless,  but  in  Amoy  he  was  abundantly  re- 
warded. In  his  later  years  in  China,  he  gave  himself  more  especially  to 
the  literary  work  of  the  mission,  preparing  for  the  press  such  works  as 
were  deemed  suitable.  He  was  admirably  fitted  for  this  department  by  his 
habits  of  accuracy,  his  candor,  judgment,  and  freedom  from  caprice  and 
prejudice.  He  was  a  laborious  man.  There  was  no  romance  in  his  charac- 
ter. A  stern,  determined  worker,  he  sturdily  pressed  on.  He  met  diflfl- 
culties  with  a  quiet  heroism,  but  turned  not  aside.  He  never  spared  him- 
self till  friends  compelled  him.  He  met  with  many  discouragements  in  the 
deaths  of  his  fellow-missionaries,  Abeel,  Pohlman,  Thompson,  in  the  loss 
of  two  wives  successively,  and  in  asthmatic  difficulties.  At  last  he  felt 
compelled  to  leave  China  finally  to  die  among  his  brethren,  but  four  days 
before  reaching  his  native  land  he  expired.  His  disability  and  subsequent 
decease  were  due  to  overwork. 

Drake,  Francis  T.     R.C.  1838,  N.B.S.  1841,  1.  CI.  Orange,  1841  ;  Wurts- 
boro,  1842-4,  Canastota,  1845-53. 

Dreyer,  John  H.  b,  1768,  New- York,  Ger.  1812-14,  went  to  Europe,  w.  c. 
1814-24,  name  stricken  from  roll,  d.  1840. 

Drisius,  Samuel,  from  Leyden ;  Holland  Ch.  in  London,  16.. -52,  New- 
Amsterdam,  1652-82,  d.  He  preached  also  every  two  months  to  the 
Waldenses  on  Staten  Island. — Boc.  Hist.  iii.  69,  Col.  Hist.  i.  496,  iii.  646. 
(In  this  latter  ref.  his  death  is  erroneously  stated  to  have  been  in  1672.) 
He  was  an  accomplished  scholar  and  linguist.  Domine  Grasmeer  had 
returned  to  Holland  with  warm  testimonials  from  the  people  of  New-Am- 
sterdam, asking  for  his  appointment  to  minister  to  them,  but  it  was  refused. 
The  directors  of  the  West-India  Company  then  requested  the  appointment 
of  Drisius,  which  was  granted.  He  had  been  pastor  of  the  Dutch  church 
in  London,  and  could  preach  in  Dutch,  French,  or  English.  He  sailed  on 
April  4th,  1652,  and  for  twelve  years  was  the  colleague  of  the  elder  Mega- 
polensis.  On  account  of  his  knowledge  of  English,  he  was  employed  as 
envoy  to  the  Governor  of  Virginia,  to  negotiate  a  treaty  for  trading  pur- 
poses. He,  like  his  colleague,  was  intolerant  toward  those  differing  from 
him  in  religion.  They  even  induced  Governor  Stuyvesant  to  issue  a  pro- 
clamation breaking  up  the  conventicles  of  others,  as  they  styled  them. 
Fines  and  imprisonment  were  suffered  by  some,  for  violation  of  the  order. 
But  complaints  were  made  to  the  West-India  Company,  who  administered 
to  all  the  parties  a  just  rebuke.  Drisius  proposed  to  the  Company  the 
establishment  of  a  Latin  school  in  New-Amsterdam,  that  the  youth  might 
not  be  necessitated  to  go  to  Boston  for  a  classical  education. 

Drury,  John  B.  R.C.  1858,  N.B.S.  1861,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsic,  1861 ;  Miss, 
to  Davenport,  Iowa,  1861-2,  Ghent  1st,  1864— 

[Dubbendorf,  Samuel,  c.  to  America  as  chaplain  of  Hessian  troops  about 
1776,  Germantown,  1777-80,  Lykens  Valley,  1780-90,  CarHsle,  1790-5, 
Lykens  Valley,  1795- . .] 


THE   MINISTRY.  76 

[Du  Bois,  Ab.     Grossen  Schwanip,  Pa.  Ger.  1742.] 

Dv  Bois,  Anson,  R.C.  1847,  N.B.S.  1850,  1.  CI.  Greene,  1850;  Miss,  to 
Thousand  Isles,  1850-4,  Kingston  2d,  1854-9,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  Dom.  Mis- 
sions, 1859-G2,  Schenectady  2d,  1802— 

Du  Bois,  Benj.  b.  on  Staten  Island,  1739,  studied  under  J.  II.  Goetschius, 
1.  by  the  American  CI.  1764;  Freehold  and  Middlctown,  1764-1827,  d. 
lie  was  the  son  of  Lewis  Du  Bois,  of  French  extraction.  He  was  a  man 
of  great  prudence  and  moderation,  whose  sentiments  were  not  put  forth  in 
an  offensive  manner.  He  was,  however,  firm  and  decided  in  his  opinions, 
and  delivered  a  sermon  on  the  subject  of  the  Coetus  and  Confercntic  diffi- 
culties soon  after  his  settlement,  which  was  displeasing  to  Do.  Erickzon, 
who  yet  lived  in  the  congregation  and  who  now  consorted  Avith  the  latter 
party.  He  married  Femmetje  Denise,  a  member  of  his  congregation,  and 
had  ten  children,  several  of  whom  settled  in  Ohio.  He  lived  in  troublous 
times.  The  subjects  of  independent  jurisdiction  and  of  language  were  both 
under  discussion  in  the  early  part  of  his  ministry.  It  required  no  ordinary 
share  of  meekness  to  maintain  a  proper  spirit  in  such  times.  Yet  he  main- 
tained his  position  among  this  people  as  their  pastor  during  the  space  of 
sixt3'-three  years.  During  the  Revolution,  so  ardent  was  he  in  the  cause 
of  human  liberty,  that  he  frequently  shouldered  his  gun  and  his  knapsack 
and  went  out  in  his  turn  on  patrol — "like  a  pack-horse,"  as  his  enemies 
said.  He  was  perfectly  fearless.  At  one  time,  when  he  was  out  in  a  skir- 
mish, such  was  his  eagerness  to  press  on  the  enemy  that  he  could  not  be 
kept  in  line,  and  Colonel  Holmes  was  obliged  to  make  a  different  disposi- 
tion of  his  troops  and  bring  him  further  back,  lest  he  should  be  singled 
out  and  shot  down  by  the  enemy.  He  frequently  preached  to  his  people 
on  the  subject  of  the  war,  exhorting  them  to  do  their  duty  faithfully  to 
their  country,  and  invariably  he  made  their  struggle  for  liberty  the  subject 
of  his  public  prayers.  His  bodily  infirmities  toward  the  latter  part  of  his 
ministry  greatly  increased,  so  that  he  sometimes  fainted  in  the  pulpit,  and 
in  1817  the  consistory  gave  him  a  colleague  in  Rev.  S.  A.  Van  Vranken. — 
Jlist.  Dis.  hy  MarccUus. 

Du  Bois,  Geo.  b.  1800,  at  New-Paltz,  studied  under  Froeligh,  1819,  1.  CI. 

Paramus,  1819  ;  Bloomingburgh  and  Mamakatmg,  1820-3,  Franklin  St. 

New-York,  1824-37,  Tarrytown,  1838-44,  d. 

He  was  remarkable  for  the  amiability  of  his  spirit  and  the  propriety  of 
his  conduct.  The  dew  of  heavenly  grace  rested  on  him  in  the  morning  of 
his  life.  He  ever  commanded  the  increasing  respect  and  attachment  of  the 
charges  to  which  he  ministered  by  the  uniformly  edifying  character  of  his 
preaching,  the  consistency  of  his  character,  and  the  practical  wisdom  and 
diligence  displayed  in  prosecuting  all  the  details  of  his  ministerial  and  pasto- 
ral works.  When  called,  as  a  young  man,  to  succeed  the  venerable  Bork  ia 
New- York,  whose  preaching  was  distinguished  by  rich,  evangelical  sentiment 
and  holy  unction,  he  sustained  the  position  well,  and  won  the  strong  confi- 


76  THE    MINISTRY, 

dence  and  cordial  affection  of  the  people.  Symptoms  of  a  pulmonary  disease 
led  him  to  leave  the  city.  In  each  of  his  charges  his  ministry  was  successful. 
He  was  favored  with  several  revivals.  These  excited  his  zeal,  and,  uncon- 
scious of  the  pressure  of  these  labors  upon  him,  his  constitution  was  break- 
ing. When  laid  aside  from  his  duties,  he  displayed  the  same  beautiful 
spirit  in  sickness  as  he  had  in  health.  His  mind  was  uniformly  calm  and 
placid,  while  his  soul  rested  in  quiet  confidence  on  his  Redeemer.  His 
character  was  one  of  beautiful  symmetry.  In  his  mental  constitution  there 
was  nothing  brilliant  or  acute  ;  but  with  a  well-balanced  and  sound  mind, 
and  by  uniform  industry,  his  efforts  were  alwaj'^s  highly  respectable.  His 
preparation  was  always  made  with  care,  his  sermons  being  well  digested, 
rich  in  evangelical  matter,  discriminating  in  the  delineation  of  Christian 
experience,  and  always  edifying.  He  was  modest  and  unobtrusive  in  man- 
ner, cautious  and  discriminating  in  practical  matters,  ever  following  the 
convictions  of  duty  with  calm  decision.  He  commended  himself  to  all  by 
his  evident  sincerity  and  singleness  of  purpose,  and  his  blameless  and  use- 
ful life. 

Du  Bois,  Gideon,  Aquackanonck,  1724-6. 

Du  Bois,  Gualterus,  b.  at  Streefkerk,  Holland,  1666,  University  of  Leyden, 

IGOr,  1.  1697;  New-York,  1699-1751,  d. 

He  was  called  as  the  colleague  of  Selyns  in  his  declining  years.  He  was 
the  son  of  Rev.  Peter  Du  Bois,  a  distinguished  minister  in  Amsterdam,  the 
one  hundredth  in  succession  since  the  Reformation.  The  son  was  a  man 
of  high  character  and  greatly  beloved.  The  records  of  his  church,  his  cor- 
respondence, and  tradition  all  unite  in  representing  him  as  a  man  of  a 
quiet  and  peaceful  spirit.  In  seasons  of  difficulty  arising  from  contentions, 
such  as  existed  on  Long  Island  and  elsewhere,  he  exerted  an  influence  to 
conciliate  and  heal.  Respectable  in  his  pulpit  exercises,  prudent,  judicious, 
and  consistent  in  his  practical  course,  and  kind  in  his  spirit,  he  won  the 
affection  of  the  church  and  the  respect  of  the  community.  He  welcomed 
Schlatter  on  his  arrival,  in  1746.  He  preached  for  the  last  time  on  Septem- 
ber 25th,  1751.  He  designed  to  proceed  to  Bergen  the  next  day  (Monday) 
and  administer  the  Lord's  Supper.  But  he  was  seized  that  Sabbath  even- 
ing with  illness  which  in  ten  days  terminated  his  life.  He  had  passed  his 
eightieth  year.  The  newspapers  of  the  city  noticed  his  death  with  high 
praise  of  him.  He  left  a  large  amount  of  mss.,  which  testify  to  his  indus- 
try and  devotedness.  In  these  he  expounds  in  order  whole  books  of  the 
Bible.  His  wife,  who  accompanied  him  from  Holland,  was  Helena  Van 
Boelen.  Some  of  his  children  became  connected  with  the  leading  families 
of  the  day,  and  his  descendants  are  numerous.  He  was  a  warm  friend  to 
the  original  Coetus  at  its  institution,  in  1737,  as  well  as  ten  yeai'S  later, 
when  it  was  brought  into  practical  operation  ;  but  he  died  before  the  dis- 
ruption of  the  Church  into  Coetus  and  Conferentie  and  the  said  contentions 
which  followed.  Had  his  life  been  spared,  he  would  doubtless  have  exert- 
ed a  most  salutary  influence.     His  correspondence  (which  remains  in  the 


THE   MINISTRY.  77 

archives  of  the  Church)  with  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  denotes  ability  and 
a  spirit  of  moderation  and  kindness.  Ilis  handwriting  is  exceedingly  neat 
and  distinct,  and  his  autographic  signature  peculiarly  fine  and  imposing. 
In  the  consistory-room  of  the  Collegiate  Church  there  is  a  large  and  well- 
executed  portrait  of  him,  which  strikes  the  beholder  as  characteristic  of 
the  qualities  ascribed  to  him.  The  portraits  of  all  his  successors  are  also 
there  to  be  seen.  While  such  were  the  traits  of  his  character,  he  was  so 
universally  honored  that  by  virtue  of  accorded  merit  he  was,  says  Smith 
in  his  History  of  New- York,  more  like  a  bishop  among  the  Dutch  churches 
than  the  pastor  of  a  single  organization.  Barclay,  in  his  correspondence 
with  the  Church  in  England,  throws  out  an  unkind  fling  at  him  for  resist- 
ing their  encroachments. — T.  D.  IF. 

Du  Bois,  II.vsBHOUCK,  N.B.S.  1859,  Newark  4th,  1859-Gl,  Bloomingburgh, 
18G3-GG,  Mott  Haven,  186G— 

Du  Bois,  John,  U.C.  1839,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  AVashington,  1842;  Man- 
heim,  1843-5,  Gansevoort,  1845-50,  Cicero,  1850-4,  Boght,  1854-9,  Ma- 
makating,  1859-GG,  Middlcport,  18G6— 

[Du  Bois,  Jonathan,  1.  by  Ger.  Coetus,  (?)  1750;  N.  and  S.  Hampton, 
1751-72,  d.] 

Dumont,  A.  Henry,  N.B.S.  182G,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1826;  Miss,  at  Union  and  Sa- 
lem, 1826,  Greenbush  and  Blooming  Grove,  182G-8,  Pottsville,  Pa.  and 
Miss,  at  Tuscarora  and  Fort  Carbon,  1829-30,  Gen.  Agent  of  Miss.  Soc. 
1832-33,  Congregationalist,  Newport,  R.I.  1833-.,,  d.  18G5. 

(Dunlap,  John,  Miss,  to  Sand  Beach,  1828-29,  d.) 

DuNNEwoLD,  John  W.  Clymer,  1853-60,  Clymer  and  Mina  Corners,  18G0-8, 
Gibbsville,  18G8— 

Dunning,  E.  0.   from  Oneida  Assoc.  Canajoharie,  1842-4,  w.  c.  1844-9. 

[Dupert,  (or  De  Pert,) ,  Western  North-Carolina,  1764.] 

Du  Puy,  E.   w.  c.  1859-61. 

Dl-k.^nd,  Cvrus  B.  R.C.  1858,  N.B.S.  1861,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1861 ;  Preakness, 
1862-68,  Boonton,  1868— 

Duryea,  John  H.  R.C.  1834,  N.B.S.  1837,  1.  CI.  Orange,  1837;  Wawar- 
sing,  1837-9,  Totowa  2d,  1839— 

Duryea,  Jos.  T.  C.N.J.  1856,  P.S.  1859;  (Troy  2d,  1859-G2,)  New-York, 
1862-7,  (Brooklyn,  Presbyt.)  1867— 

Duryee,  Isaac  G.  b.  in  Schenectady,  1810,  U.C.  1838,  A.S.  1841,  1.  South 
Assoc.  Litchfield,  Ct.  1842;  Fallsburgh,  1842-51,  Gleuham,  1851-52, 
Schenectady  2d,  1852-58,  S.S.  Port  Jackson,  1859-62,  Chaplain  31st 
Reg.  N.Y.V.  at  Hilton  Head,  S.C.  1862-66,  d. 

He  overcame  great  obstacles  in  his  youth,  and  secured  for  himself  an 


^8  THE   MINISTET. 

education.  He  commenced  with  English  grammar  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
two.  He  was  preeminently  a  man  of  warm  heart,  and  of  great  purity  of 
purpose.  He  was  a  great  friend  of  the  colored  race,  succeeding,  by  his 
personal  efforts  during  his  college  course,  in  securing  for  them  the  erection 
of  a  comfortable  chapel  in  Schenectady.  He  was  an  abolitionist,  and  not 
afraid  to  speak  when  it  was  yet  unpopular  to  advocate  the  rights  of  a  com- 
mon humanity  for  all.  He  pleaded  most  eloquently  in  the  Synod  of  1855, 
against  the  admission  of  the  North-Carolina  Classis,  (from  the  German 
Church,)  because  the  members  of  its  churches  were  slaveholders.  His  la- 
bors in  the  ministry  were  richly  blessed.  When  the  rebellion  broke  out, 
he  offered  his  services,  but  his  devotion  to  duty  proved  too  great  for  his  phy- 
sical constitution.  While  on  a  furlough,  visiting  his  home,  he  died.  Of 
his  spirited,  sympathetic,  and  most  Christian  labors  in  the  camp,  in  the 
hospital,  and  among  the  wounded  and  dying,  all  who  knew  them,  spoke  in 
high  praise. 

Duryee,  John,  b.  1760,  (?)  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Gen. 
Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,  1784;  Raritan,  1785-99,  Bedminster 
and  Pottersdam,  1800-1,  Fairfield,  1801-17,  d.  1836.  (?) 

Duryee,  Philip  H.  b.  at  New-Utrecht,  1774,  C.C.  1795,  studied  theol.  un- 
der Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1798;  Miss,  in  the  West,  1798-1802,  Saratoga 
and  Easton,  1802-28,  English  Neighborhood,  1829-48,  d.  1850. 
In  his  first  settlement  he  had  taken  great  pleasure  and  labored  diligently 
in  rearing  new  churches,   while  fostering  the  interests  of  his  principal 
charge.     He  was  possessed  of  a  kind  spirit  and  gentleness  of  manner,  and 
sought  and  followed  the  things  which  make  for  peace.     He  was  well  adapt- 
ed to  labor  at  English  Neighborhood  after  the  troubles  occasioned  by  the 
secession  there,  gaining  many  friends. — See  Taylor'' s  Annals. 

Duryee,  Wm.  R.  R.C.  1856,  N.B.S.  18G1,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1861 ;  East-Wil- 
liamsburgh,  1863-64,  La  Fayette,  1864— 

DusiNBEiiKE,  Tnos.  S.  R.C.  1861,  N.B.S.  1864, 1.  CI.  Paramus,  1864;  Pratts- 
ville,  1866— 

DuTCHEK,  Jacob  C.  R.C.  1843,  N.B.S.  1846,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1846;  Owasco, 
1846-50,  Bergen  Neck,  1850-54,  Bergen  Point,  1854-57,  Coxsackie 
1st,  1857-58,  Seventh  Av.  N.Y.C.  1858-59,  Sixth  Av.  N.Y.  Union  Ch. 
1859-63,  Market  St.  N.Y.  1863-66,  Bound  Brook,  1869— 

Dwight,  Maurice  W.  b.  at  Kempville,  Vt.  1796,  C.C.  1816,  N.B.S.  1821,  1. 
CI.  N.B.  1821 ;  Waterford,  1822-26,  also  Miss,  at  Clifton  Park,  1823, 
New-Hackensack,  1826-33,  Brooklyn,  1833-55,  d.  1859. 

Dyer,  David,  Fultonville,  1841-43. 

Dyer,  Francis,  from  Cong.  Assoc.  Maine,  1857,  w.  c.  1857-61. 

Dyer,  Samuel,  Westerlo,  1856-62,  Presbyt. 


THB  MINISTRY.  79 

Dyslin,  John  Ilcnr}',  St.  Johnsville,  1790-1815,  d. 
Eal,  see  Ehle,  and  Oehl. 

Ebaugh,  John  S.  w.  c.  1838-44,  Ger.  Rcf.  Ch.  N.Y.C.  1844-51,  Gcr.  Rcf. 
N.Y.C.  1855— (?) 

Eckel,  Ileniy,  b.  at  Bridgeton,  N.J.  1823,  U.  Pa.  1846,  N.B.S.  1849,  1.  CI. 

Philadelphia,  1849;    Sharon,  1849-50,   Rosendale,  1850-53,   Moresvillo, 

1853-54,  Kiskatom,  1854-55,  d. 

Naturally  possessing  remarkable  industry  and  perseverance,  he  pursued 
his  preparatory  studies  in  spite  of  obstacles  such  as  would  have  turned 
many  aside  from  the  work.  Without  the  ability  to  acquire  rapidly,  he 
made  up  this  want  by  patient  and  continuous  effort. 

His  preaching  was  marked  by  earnestness  and  directness.  In  the  devo- 
tional exercises  he  particularly  excelled,  showing  that  he  had  early  caught 
the  spirit  of  prayer.  From  his  boyhood,  when  he  first  began  to  take  part 
in  public  prayer,  the  fluency  of  expression  was  remarkable.  At  the  same 
time,  it  showed  that  he  had  been  deeply  taught  by  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord. 
Guileless  himself,  he  had  slight  suspicion  of  the  evil  designs  of  others.  As 
he  endured  the  trials  of  his  sacred  work,  his  spirit  was  chastened  more  and 
more  thoroughly.  His  brief  ministry  with  the  kind-hearted  people  among 
whom  he  died,  showed  more  fully  the  deeply  affectionate  characteristics 
which  his  family  friends  had  always  noted.  When  best  fitted  for  useful- 
ness, he  was  removed  by  the  Chief  Shepherd,  because  then  he.  was  best  fit- 
ted for  heaven. — P.  Pz. 

Eddy,  Zach.\ry,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  of  Penn.sylvania,  1835  ;  (Miss,  in  Pa.  and 
Ohio,  1835-8,  Springville,  N.Y.  1838-43,  Mineral  Point,  Wis.  1844-50, 
Warsaw,  N.Y.  1850-6,  Birmingham,  Ct.  1856-8,  Northampton,  Mass. 
1858-67,)  Brooklyn  Heights,  1867— 

Edgak,  Cor.  H.  C.N.J.  1831,  1.  Presb.  Elizabeth ;  Rector  of  Grammar 
School,  N.Y.U.  1838-45,  (Bridge  Hampton,  L.I.  Presb.  1845-53,)  Easton, 
Pa.  1853— 

Edwards,  Thomas,  c.  from  Wales ;  S.S.  Mamakating.  1831-34,  Coeymans, 
1834. 

Eells,  Jas.,  from  Presb.  Ch.  1860;  Brooklyn  Heights,  1860-66,  Presbyt. 

Eggleston,  Ambrose,  Fallsburgh,  1836-87,  Breakabin,  1843-45. 

Ehle,  John  Jacob,  (see  Eal,  and  Oehl,)  West-Camp,  (1710-20?)  Schoharie 
and  Valley  of  the  Mohawk,  1720-1750,  (?)  Miss,  to  Mohawk  Indians, 
1750-80,  d.  See  a  letter  of  his  in  Doc.  Hist.  iv.  198.  ;IIe  also  at  times 
supplied  Kinderhook,  1720-7. 

Elmendorf,  Anthony,  b.  in  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.  1813,  R.C.  1836,  N.B.S.  1839,  1. 
CI.  N.B.  1839  ;    Hurley,  1840-43,  Hyde  Park,"l 843-48,  East-Brooklyn, 
(Bedford,)  1848-51,  North-Brooklyn,  1851-66,  d. 
Possessed  of  quick  intelligence,  an  ardent  temperament,  and  a  desire  for 


80  THE   MINISTRY. 

excellence,  he  made  rapid  progress  in  his  several  branches  of  study  while  a 
student.  He  was  the  principal  instrument  of  organizing  the  North  Church 
of  Brooklyn,  in  1851.  He  met  with  many  difficulties  which  called  forth 
qualities  truly  heroic.  But  he  lived  to  see  the  entire  success  of  the  enter- 
prise. Declining  health  at  last  compelled  him  reluctantly  to  resign.  He 
prepared  his  sermons  with  tlie  greatest  possible  care,  writing  them  out  ac- 
curately, and  delivering  them  with  unction.  He  studied  to  make  his  minis- 
try profitable  to  the  young.  He  accomplished  a  vast  deal  through  sheer 
force  of  will,  aided  by  grace  divine.  He  was  never  robust,  for  many  years 
half  an  invalid,  with  a  delicate  physical  organization,  keeping  his  mental 
energies  constantly  overstrained ;  yet  he  kept  up,  and  worked  on  with 
cheerful  courage,  as  long  as  strength  endured. 

Elmendorf,  Joachim,  B.C.  1850,  N.B.S.  1853,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie,  1853 ; 
Ithaca,  1853-55,  Saugerties,  1855-62,  Syracuse,  1802-05,  Albany  2d, 
1805— 

Elmendorf,  Peter,  B.C.  1845,  N.B.S.  d.  1851. 

Eltinge,  Cor.  C.  b.  near  Kingston,  1793,  (nephew  of  TVilhelmus  Eltinge,) 
Q.C.  1812,  N.B.S.  1816,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1810 ;  Pleasant  Plains,  Dutchess  Co. 
N.Y.  1810,  Minisink  and  Mahackemack,  1817-37,  Mahackemack,  (Deer- 
park,)  1837-43,  d. 

He  was  a  remarkably  vigorous  man,  which  enabled  him  to  endure  great 
fatigues.  He  was  a  man  of  blameless  life,  of  a  meek  and  sweet  temper.  He 
possessed  native  strength  of  mind,  and  a  large  share  of  prudence  and  discre- 
tion. He  was  plain  and  affable  in  his  manners,  regular  and  industrious  in 
his  habits,  firm  in  his  maintenance  of  truth,  but  averse  to  sectarian  strife. 
In  untiring  pastoral  diligence,  and  in  zeal  and  fervor  in  the  pulpit  in  urging 
the  claims  of  the  Gospel,  he  had  few  equals.  He  preached  in  destitute  lo- 
calities for  twenty  miles  around,  as  opportunity  permitted.  He  had  a  clear 
and  analytical  mind,  and,  in  the  discussion  of  exciting  questions,  he  was 
always  moderate,  calm,  and  firm.  There  was  something  very  remarkable 
— a  peculiar  unction — about  his  prayers,  which  made  his  hearers  feel  that 
he  was  "of  God's  own  hand  anointed." — G.  S. 

Eltinge,  C.  Du  Bois,  (son  of  C.  C.  Eltinge,)  B.C.  1844,  N.B.S.  1848,  1.  C!. 
Orange,  1848 ;  Miss,  to  Montgomery,  1848-1850,  Fallsburgh,  1851-52, 
Raritan,  III.  1856-61,  w.  c. 

Eltinge,  Wilhemus,  b.  near  Kingston,  1778,  C.N.J.  1790,  studied  under  Dirck 
Romeyn,  lie.  1798;   Paramus  and  Saddle  River,  1799-1811,  Paramus, 
1811-10,  Paramus  and  Totowa  1st,  1810-33,  Paramus,  1833-50,  d.  1851. 
Called  at  the  early  age  of  twenty-one  to  the  ministry,  he  remained  for 
fifty-one  years  in  a  single  charge,  at  times,  however,  adding  to  this  a  neigh- 
boring congregation.     He  was  a  man  of  great  firmness  and  decision.     It  was 
difficult  to  change  his  opinion.     He  was  a  pointed  preacher.     He  neither 
courted  the  favor  nor  feared  the  frowns  of  men.     During  the  first  three 


THE  MINISTRY.  81 

years  of  his  ministry,  he  was  blessed  with  a  great  revival,  about  three  hun- 
dred being  added  to  his  churches,  lie  was  prominent  in  the  scenes  of  the 
secession  in  Bergen  Co.,  N.  J.,  taking  a  firm  stand  against  the  seceders. 
lie  was  a  ready  debater,  and  always  active  on  the  floor  of  Classis  or  Synod. 
He  was  very  punctual  in  his  habits.  He  lived  almost  forty  years  on  a  farm 
of  his  own,  ten  miles  from  his  charge ;  and  he  would  start  on  Saturday 
morning,  lecture  in  some  house  in  the  evening,  preach  on  Sabbath  morn- 
ing, and  lecture  again  in  the  evening  on  the  way  home.  lie  often  quoted 
to  young  ministers,  when  urging  them  to  diligence  in  the  Master's  work, 
*^''  Junior es  ad  lal>ores  !     Seniores  ad  Iwnores  !" — J.  M. 

Enders,  J.  Henry,  U.C.  1858,  P.S.  1861,  1.  Presbyt.  of  Albany,  1860 ; 
Chaplain  153d  Reg.  N.Y.V.  1862-65,  Lysander,  1866— 

Ennis,  Jacob,  N.B.S.  1835,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1835 ;  voyage  to  Java,  June-Sept. 
1836,  Java,  1836-40,  also  preaching  on  Island  Balee,  1838.  In  1837,  he 
made  an  exploration  into  the  interior  of  Sumatra,  barely  escaping  with 
his  life. 

Enyard,  Wm.  T.,  R.C.  1855,  N.B.S.  1858,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1858;  Mott  Haven, 
1858-65,  Brooklyn,  North,  1865— 

Erickzon,  Reinhardt,  b.  about  1700,  c.  to  America,  1725  ;  Hackensack,  Pa- 
ramus,  and  Schraalenburgh,  1725-8,  Schenectady,  1728-36,  Schoharie, 
also  1730-1,  supplied  Claverack,  1731-2,  Freehold  and  Middletown, 
(Neversink,)  1736-64,  d.  1771. 

His  name  is  apparently  Swedish.  He  married  Maria  Provost,  on  May 
22d,  1726,  at  Hackensack.  In  Schenectady  he  had  many  accessions  to  the 
church.  He  was  the  first  President  of  the  Coetus,  in  1747,  and  maintained 
his  relations  with  them  almost  down  to  his  death.  At  least  his  name  never 
appears  as  an  active  partisan  with  the  Conferentie.  On  p.  cxviii.  M.  G. 
Synod,  he  seems  to  have  applied  to  them  for  redress,  as  his  consistory  at 
Freehold  had  charged  him  with  drunkenness,  excluded  him  from  the  pul- 
pit, and  withheld  his  salary.  Yet  it  seems  to  be  implied  that  he  only  ap- 
plied to  them  because  his  accusers  belonged  to  the  Coetus  party,  for  they 
surely  would  not  heed  the  citations  of  the  Conferentie.  He  was  married  a 
second  time  while  at  Freehold,  to  Sarah  L.  Brower,,widow  of  Ruloff  Brokaw. 
He  had  sons,  William,  (born  1737,)  and  David,  (born  1740,)  baptized  at 
Freehold.  After  his  exclusion  from  his  pulpit,  he  continued  to  live  in  his 
old  congregation  till  about  1770.  He  then  removed  to  New-Brunswick 
with  his  wife,  and  lived  with  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Van  Norden.  He  died 
soon  after,  and  his  widow  returned  to  Middletown,  her  native  place.  He 
was  recommended  to  Monmouth  by  Domine  Frelinghuysen.  He  figures 
largely  in  all  the  affairs  of  his  day.  An  excellent  portrait  of  him  is  in  pos- 
session of  Rev.  G.  C.  Schanck. 

Evans,  Chas.  A.     Moresville  and  Roxbury,  1849-50,  Moresville,  1850-3 
Clove,  1853-6,  South-Bend,  1856-7,  Jefferson,  1857-8,  w.  c. 
6 


82  THK  MINISTRY. 

Evans,  E.    Jamesville,  N.Y.  1836. 

Evans,  "Wm.  Miss,  to  Cobleskill,  Breakabin,  and  Livingstonville,  1826-. ., 
Owasco,  1839^6,  w.  c.  1846-8. 

[Faber,  J.  Christopher,  Baltimore,  1774:.] 

[Faber,  John  Theobald,  b.  in  the  Palatinate,  1739,  c.  to  America,  1766  ; 

Old  and  New-Gosenhoppen  and  Great  Swamp,  Pa.  1766-79,  Lancaster 

and  New-Providence,   1779-82,  Indianfield,  1782-4,  Gosenhoppen  and 

Great  Swamp,  1786-8,  d.] 

He  was  greatly  beloved  in  his  churches.  Lancaster  called  him  thrice 
before  he  went,  and  in  a  few  years  he  was  called  back  to  his  first  charge. 
Ilis  congregation,  for  the  father's  sake,  sent  his  son  to  Rev.  Mr.  Hendel  to 
be  educated,  bearing  the  whole  expense.  He  is  represented  as  the  only 
minister  of  that  day  in  his  denomination  who  held  prayer-meeting,  and 
strictly  enforced  the  discipline  of  the  church.  The  fathers  in  Holland 
write,  "  We  are  sorry  to  hear  of  the  decease  of  Mr.  Faber,  and  we  condole 
with  the  Coetus  in  the  loss  of  that  excellent  man."  His  death  w'as  very 
solemn  and  sudden.  He  gave  out  a  funeral  hymn  on  Sabbath  morning, 
the  sentiment  of  which  was  that  he  might  be  taught  to  think  that  he  must 
die.  He  preached  on  the  raising  of  Jairus'  daughter,  dwelling  with  pecu- 
liar earnestness  and  emphasis  on  the  consoling  words,  "She  is  not  dead, 
but  sleepeth."  Here  signs  of  weakness  were  noticed,  and  he  was  caught 
as  he  began  to  sink,  and  expired  in  forty-five  minutes.  In  the  same  pulpit, 
forty-five  years  later,  his  son  died  suddenly  while  preaching  a  funeral 
sermon, 

Fairchild,  E.  S.  A.C.  and  C.N.J.  1856,  A.S.  1859;  (Morrisania,  Cong. 
1860-1,  Oyster  Bay,  Presbyt.  1862-5,)  Flushing,  1866— 

Familton,  Wm.  1835-6.     Hamilton  ? 

Farmer,  S.  F.  Franklin  Col.  0.  1850,  Cannonsburg  Sem.  Pa.  1854 ; 
(United  Presbyt.  Williamsburgh,  1856-61,  N.Y.-C.  Presbyt.  28th  St. 
1861-8,)  Brooklyn,  East,  1868— 

Fehrman,  Jacob,  N.B.S.  1862,  1.  N.  CI.  L.L  1862 ;  Richmond,  S.L  1862-0, 
Fordham,  1866— 

Feltch,  Jos.  H.     1867— 

Fenner,  Jas.     1864-7 — 

Ferris,  Isaac,  CO.  1816,  N.B.S.  1820,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1820;  Miss,  at  Manheim, 
Danube,  Osquak,  and  Herkimer,  Sept.-Dec.  1820,  New-Brunswick,  1821- 
4,  Albany,  2d,  1824-36,  Market  St.  N.Y.O.  1836-53,  Chancellor  of  N.Y. 
University,  and  Prof.  Moral  Phil,  and  Evid.  Rev.  Religion,  1852 — 

Ferris,  John  Mason,  (s.  of  Isaac  Ferris,)  N.Y.U.  1843,  N.B.S.  1849,  1.  CI. 
N.B.  1849 ;  Tarrytown,  1849-51,  Tarrytown,  2d,  1851-4,  Chicago,  2d, 


THE  MINISTRY.  83 

1854-0)2,  Grand  Rapids,  1SG2-5,  also  Prof,  in  Holland  Academy,  1804-5, 
Sec.  Bd.  Foreign  Missions,  18G5 — 

Field,  Jac.  T.  Pompton  Plains,  1813-15,  Pompton,  1815-27,  Totowa,  2d, 
1828-32,  Prcsbyt.  d.  1800. 

Finch,  Horace  AV.     N.Y.U.  1846  ;  Grcenport,  1857-00,  w.  c.  1800-4. 

Fisher,  Geo.  H.  CO.  1821,  N.B.S.  1825,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1825  ;  North-Branch, 
1825-30,  Fishkill,  1830-5,  Hudson,  1830-41,  also,  S.S.  at  Mt.  Pleasant, 
1838-41,  Broome  St.  N.Y.  1841-55,  Utica,  1855-9,  Ilackensack,  2d, 
1804— 

Fisher,  Isaac  M.  C.C.  1817,  N.B.S.  1820,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1820  ;  Bedminster, 
1821-38,  Newburgh,  1838-9,  d. 

Foering,  Christian  Frederick,  b.  1730,  studied  under  "Weyberg,  1.  by  CI. 

Ne\y-York,  1770;  [Germanto\vn,  Pa.  1709-72,  call  dated  Sept.  1771,] 

Ger.  Ref.  N.Y.C.  1772-4,  Hillsborough,  (Millstone,)  1774-9,  d.  March 

29th. 

A  native  of  Hanover,  he  was  brought  to  America  by  his  widowed  mother 
when  only  seven  years  of  age.  His  .father  having  died  in  the  military 
service  of  that  kingdom,  his  mother,  to  save  him  from  the  impressment 
which  she  knew^  to  be  before  him,  tied  him  to  her  back,  and,  skating  across 
the  Rhine,  escaped.  They  secured  a  passage  to  New-York,  and  ultimately 
took  up  their  abode  in  Philadelphia  or  vicinity.  The  lad  became  a  school- 
master, and  afterward  studied  the  surveyor's  art;  but  God  called  him  to 
the  ministry.  He  married  Miss  Margaret  Miller,  daughter  of  Sebastian  Mil- 
ler, a  merchant  of  ,Germantown,  Pa.,  and  numerous  descendants  live  in 
Philadelphia  to  this  day.  He  preached  in  German,  Dutch,  or  English. 
His  teacher  represented  him  as  a  man  who  had  spirit  and  life,  and  who 
would  take  trouble  to  bring  souls  to  the  Lord  Jesus.  His  congregation  in 
New-York  was  very  loth  to  part  with  him.  He  was  eminently  devout.  He 
was  also  an  ardent  and  active  patriot  in  the  American  Revolution,  and  one 
of  the  first  trustees  of  Queen's  College.  He  died  of  a  cold,  caught  in  escap- 
ing from  a  party  of  British  sent  out  to  capture  him  because  of  his  zeal  in 
behalf  of  liberty. — See  Millstone  Centennial,  1800,  pp.  47-55. 

Fonda,  Jacob  D.,  b.  1793,  at  Watcrvliet,  U.C.  1815,  N.B.S.  1819,  1.  CI.  N.B. 

1819;    Easton   and   Union  Village,    1820-30,    Union   Village,    1830-5, 

Caughnawaga,  1835-42,  Linlithgo  and  Greenport,  1842-7,  Schaghticoke, 

1847-50,  d. 

For  several  years  before  his  death  he  had  been  in  a  feeble  state  of  health. 
yet  he  died  with  his  harness  on.  He  had  preached  the  day  before  to  his 
people,  and  on  Monday,  immediately  after  he  had  led  in  family  prayers,  he 
expired.  He  was  blessed  with  several  interesting  revivals  of  religion,  in 
which  numbers  united  with  the  church.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  earnest, 
and  loved  to  present  the  doctrines  of  the  cross.    His  aim  was  to  glorify 


84  THE   MINISTRY. 

God,  to  edifj'  the  Church,  and  to  save  souls.     He  was  a  kind  and  attentive 
pastor,  having  a  word  of  encouragement  or  warning  for  all. 

Fonda,   Jesse,  b.  at  Watervliet,   1786,  U.C.  1806,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1808  ; 
Nassau  and  Schodack,  1808-13,  New-Brunswick,  1813-17,  Montgomery, 

1817-27,  d. 

His  father  was  a  farmer  in  moderate  circumstances,  and  both  his  parents 
were  exemplary  members  of  the  Church  and  careful  in  the  religious  train- 
ing of  their  children.  Finding  that  this  son  had  a  great  fondness  for  learn- 
ing, as  well  as  a  great  facility  for  acquiring  it,  they  gave  him  the  best  ad- 
vantages which  their  circumstances  would  allow  for  literary  culture.  His 
preparation  for  college  was  made  while  aiding  his  father  on  the  farm,  and 
during  his  hterary  course  he  sustained  the  character  of  a  diligent  student, 
an  apt  scholar,  and  demeaned  himself  in  such  a  manner  as  to  gain  the  afiec- 
tionate  respect  of  his  associates  and  the  confidence  of  his  instructors.  He 
was  the  subject  of  religious  impressions  from  his  early  childhood,  and  was 
■accustomed  to  say  that  when  a  mere  youth  he  was  conscious  of  a  desire  to 
become  a  minister  of  the  Gospel,  and  that  that  desire  gradually  ripened 
into  a  purpose  which  gave  shape  to  all  his  plans  in  life. 

Having  finished  his  literary  course,  he  pursued  his  theological  studies 
with  neighboring  ministers,  and  was  licensed  in  connection  with  the  Con- 
gregational Church,  but  almost  immediately  came  over  into  the  denomina- 
tion in  which  he  had  been  trained.  Immediately  on  entering  on  his  pas- 
toral work,  he  devoted  himself  with  a  zeal  and  diligence  to  the  ministry 
which  o^ve  premise  of  great  success.  He  commenced  at  this  period  of  life 
a  course  of  systematic  study,  which  gave  character  to  his  pulpit  exercises 
throuo-h  his  whole  ministry.  In  a  very  short  time  he  was  called  to  a  more 
conspicuous  field  of  labor,  and  fully  sustained  himself  in  a  church  which 
had  enjoyed  the  services  of  some  of  our  most  distinguished  ministers — such 
as  Dr.  Hardenbergh,  Dr.  Condict,  and  his  immediate  predecessor.  Dr. 
Schureman. 

Mr.  Fonda's  ministry  occupied  a  period  of  only  about  eighteen  years,  and 
he  died  at  the  age  of  forty-one.  But  short  as  his  life  was,  he  lived  suffi- 
ciently long  to  prove  himself  one  of  the  most  substantial  and  pious  minis- 
ters of  our  Church.  Few  excelled  him  as  a  preacher.  He  had  a  full, 
sonorous  voice,  well  modulated,  and  at  once  commanded  the  attention  by 
his  agreeable  and  forcible  manner  of  delivery.  He  prepared  his  sermons 
with  great  care,  writing  them  out  in  full  and  then  preaching  from  memory. 
He  never  paused  for  a  word,  but  carried  his  hearers  along  in  a  train  of 
rapid  argument  and  pungent  appeal  to  the  close  of  his  discourse.  His  ser- 
mons were  systematic  and  doctrinal ;  and  while  they  exhibit  great  force  in 
"the  argument,  there  is  also  a  marked  attention  given  to  the  application.  It 
is  said  that  there  was  a  singular  unction  in  his  closing  appeals.  The  fruits 
of  his  ministry  were  very  decided.  In  the  different  congregations  over 
which  he  was  stationed  he  enjoyed  frequent  outpourings  of  the  Holy  Spirit, 
and  he  was  encouraged  greatly  in  his  work  by  large  accessions  to  the 
dhurch. 


THE   MIXISTKT.  85 

Mr.  Fonda  held  the  position  of  a  trustee  in  Queen's  College,  and  by  the 
General  Synod  was  elected  their  presiding  officer.  In  addition  to  several 
occasional  pamphlets,  he  published  a  volume  of  considerable  merit  upon 
the  Sacraments.  The  work  was  designed  to  be  a  plain  and  practical  exhi- 
bition of  the  doctrine  ;  and  while  it  displays  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
subject  in  hand,  it  is  pervaded  by  a  spirit  of  piety  which  so  strikingly 
characterized  him  as  a  minister  of  the  Gospel. — li.  If-  ^• 
Force,  Jas.  G.     S.S.  Walpeck,  1808-11,  Walpeck  and  Hardwick,  1811-16, 

Walpeck,  1816-26. 

Forsyth,  John.     R.C.  1829,  1.  1832  ;  from  Assoc.  Ref.  Ch.  1859,  w.  c. 

Fort,  Ah.  b.  at  Schaghticoke,  1790,  U.C.  1810,  studied  under  Froeligh,  and 
N.B.S.  1821,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1821  ;  Westerlo,  1822-30,  Westerlo,  Union,  Sa- 
lem, and  Coeymans,  18S0-1,  Salem  and  Union,  1831-6,  Esopus,  1836 
-53,  w.  c.  1853-00,  d.     Had  charge  also  of  Wiltwyck  Chapel,  1854-00. 
He  was  emphatically  a  man  of  peace,  and  his  ministry  was  in  remarkable 
harmony  with  his  character.     He  was  a  man  of  great  simplicity,  of  unaffect- 
ed piety,  of  patient  fidelity  and  labor,  and  of  unobtrusive  zeal.     Partly  from 
natural  diffidence,  and  partly  from  settled  principle,  he  avoided  all  the  excit- 
ing questions  of  the  day,  even  those  of  a  theological  character,  pursuing  the 
even  tenor  of  his  way  with  a  firm  conviction  that  the  affairs  of  the  world 
and  the  church  were  in  wise  and  proper  hands.     Wherever  he  ministered, 
he  left  the  memory  of  a  walk  and  conversation  singularly  peaceful,  modest, 
and  courteous.     He  was  an  Israelite,  indeed,  in  whom  there  was  no  guile. 

Fox,  Valentine  Radiger,  Germantown,  N.Y.  1802-. . 

Fraeland,  Michael,  1751. 

[Frankenfeld,  c,  to  America,  1752 ;  Frederick,  Md.  1753-6,  d.J 

Frazee,  J.  H.  R.C.  (1848,)  N.B.S.  (I860,)  Miss,  to  Zion,  Pisgah,  and  Good 
Hope,  Miss.  1860-1,  (Toms  River,  N.J.  Presbyt.  1801-0,  also  Chap.  3d 
N.J.  Cavalry,  one  year,)  Bloomingburgh  and  S.S.  Mamakating,  ISOO — 

Frazer,  Thomas.    Helderbergh,  1836-38,  Sharon,  1838-40,  Currytown,  1840 

-43. 
[Frederick, ,  from  Switzerland.     Lebanon  Co.  Pa.  1760.      Returned  to 

Europe.] 

Freeman,  Bernardus,  Schenectady,  and  Miss,  among  the  Mohawks,  1700-5, 
Bushwick,  Flatbush,  Flatlands,  Brooklyn,  New-Utrecht,  and  Jamaica, 
also  Gravesend,  (?)  1705-41,  Emeritus,  d.  1743.— See  Doc.  Hist.  iii.  89- 
115,  Col.  His.  KY.  iv.  727,  Prime's  L.I.  326-7. 

He  acquired  more  skill  in  the  language  of  the  Mohawk  Indians  than  anj' 
Dutch  minister  that  had  been  in  the  country,  not  even  excepting  Dellius. 
He  translated  a  great  part  of  the  English  Liturgy  into  the  Indian  tongue, 
in  particular  the  morning  and  evening  prayer,  the  litany,  the  creed  of  Atha- 
nasius,  beside  several  places  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments.     He  represent- 


86  THE    MIXISTRT. 

ed  that  the  litany  mightily  affected  them,  says  Kev.  Thos.  Barclay,  of  the 
English  Church.  He  adds  :  "  Pie  is  a  gentleman  of  a  good  temper,  and  well 
affected  to  our  church  ;  and,  if  there  were  a  bishop  in  this  part  of  the  world, 
would  be  persuaded  to  take  Episcopal  ordination.  I  often  entreat  him  to 
go  over  to  England  ;  but  he  is  afraid  of  the  danger  of  the  voyage,  and  his 
wife  will  not  consent  to  live  among  the  Indians.  He  has  promised  to  give 
me  his  manuscripts,  and  what  he  has  done  into  the  Indian  tongue."  After 
moving  to  Long  Island,  he  was  in  difficulty  with  Antonides,  who  was  call- 
ed from  Holland  by  an  opposition  party  in  his  congregation.  Dissensions 
arose  and  greatly  disturbed  the  peace  of  the  church  for  a  dozen  years,  in 
Avhich  many  sad  acts  of  violence  were  committed.  Freeman  published,  in 
1721,  a  stout  volume  of  sermons  in  Dutch,  entitled.  The  Balances  of  Oocfs 
Grace.  Also  Tlie  Mirror  of  Self-Knoioledge^  a  small  volume  of  moral  pre- 
cepts, translated  from  the  ancient  philosophers. 

Freeze,  A.  P.  Germantown,  N.Y.  1849-, . 

Frelinghuysen,  Ferdinandus,  (s.  of  T.  J.  Frelinghuysen,)  lie.  1753;  called 
to  Kinderhook,  but  died  on  passage  over,  1750. 

Frelinghuysen,  Henricus,  (s.  of  J.  T.  Frelinghuysen,)  studied  under  Dor- 
stius  and  Goetschius;  lie.  by  the  American  Classis,  1755;  AVawarsing, 
Rochester,  and  Marbletown,  supplied,  1754-7,  pastor,  1757,  d. 
He  Avas  called  to  take  the  place  of  his  brother,  who  had  died  at  sea. 
The  congregation  of  Marbletown  and  connected  places  had  made  several 
ineffectual  attempts  to  secure  a  pastor,  having  called  Schuyler  in  1738,  and 
Fryenmoet  in  1740.  In  1751,  they  called  Jacobus  Frelinghuysen,  and  went 
to  the  expense  of  sending  him  to  Holland  for  ordination.  He  embarked 
with  his  brother  Ferdinand,  May  22d,  1751,  and  remained  in  the  University 
of  Utrecht  till  1753.  In  July  of  that  year  they  set  sail  for  America,  but  died 
on  ship.  Their  brother,  Theodore,  of  Albany,  communicated  this  fact  to 
the  churches  to  which  they  had  been  called,  in  October  of  the  same  year. 
In  December  they  called  Henricus,  another  brother,  who  had  studied  in 
this  country.  But  the  difficulty  of  procuring  ordination  again  presented 
itself.  The  congregations  were  unwilling  to  subject  themselves  a  second 
time  to  the  expense,  delay,  and  danger  of  sending  him  to  Holland.  In  a 
protracted  correspondence  with  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  they  requested 
that  he  might  be  ordained  here.  In  1755,  he  did  obtain  license  to  preach  ; 
but  not  till  three  years  after  could  he  obtain  ordination.  But  he  died  only 
two  weeks  after,  of  small-pox. 

Frelinghuysen,  Jacobus,  C.N.J.  1750,  (s.  of  T.  J.  Frelinghuysen,)  studied 
under  Goetschius,  lie.  by  CI.  of  Utrecht,  in  Holland,  1753 ;  called  to  Wa- 
warsing,  Rochester,  and  Marbletown,  but  died  on  the  passage  over,  1753. 

Frelinghuysen,  John,  b.  1727,  at  Three  Mile  Run,  (s.  of  T.  J.  Frelinghuy- 
sen,) 1.  CI.  Amsterdam,  1750;  Raritan,  Sourland,  Six  Mile  Run,  Ne-Sha- 
nic,  and  North-Branch,  1750-4,  d. 
He  entered  on  his  duties,  as  the  successor  of  his  father,  with  high  pros- 


THE   MINISTRY.  87 

pects  before  him.  lie  was  distinguished  for  his  pulpit  eloquence.  lie 
found  the  troublesome  Arondeus  on  his  field,  ministering  to  those  disafTect- 
cd  to  the  evangelical  views  of  his  father.  He  was  jo}'fully  received  b}"-  the 
people,  and  educated  several  young  men  for  the  ministry.  But  while  on 
his  waj'  to  Coetus,  in  September,  1754,  he  was  suddenly  taken  sick,  and 
died  on  Long  Island.  His  congregations  were  disconsolate  over  his  loss. 
lie  left  one  son,  Frederick,  the  father  of  the  late  Hon.  Theodore  Freling- 
huysen.  He  married,  in  Amsterdam,  a  lady  by  the  name  of  Van  Berg,  the 
daughter  of  a  merchant  there.  She  was  a  woman  of  remarkable  character. 
She  subsequently  married  Rev.  J.  R.  Ilardenbergh,     (Hakdenbergii,  J.  R  ) 

Frehnghuyscn,  Thcodorus,  (s.  of  T.  J.  Frclinghuysen,)  studied  under  J.  II. 

Goetschius,   lie.   in   Holland,    1745;    Albany,    1745-59,   also   supplied 

Schaghticoke. 

He  is  said  to  have  been  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  excellence.  His 
temper  was  ardent,  and  his  manners  frank  and  popular.  In  the  pulpit  his 
preaching  was  earnest  and  eloquent,  while  his  pure  life,  when  out  of  it,  il- 
lustrated and  enforced  his  teachings.  For  fifteen  years  he  labored,  beloved 
and  respected  by  all.  He  took  strong  ground,  though  with  little  success, 
against  the  spirit  of  gaiety  and  fashion  which  a  regiment  of  royal  troops 
introduced  into  Albany.  After  having  preached  an  unusually  earnest  ser- 
mon against  these  follies,  he  found,  one  Monday  morning,  at  his  door  a  pair 
of  shoes,  a  staff,  a  silver  coin,  and  a  loaf  of  bread.  He  conceived  this  to  be 
an  intimation  to  him  to  leave,  which  he  determined  to  do,  being  a  man  of 
peculiar  sensitiveness.  But  a  mission  had  been  assigned  to  him,  several 
years  before,  by  the  Coetus,  which  he  now  resolved  to  attempt  to  carry 
out.  This  was,  to  go  to  Holland  and  collect  funds  for  the  establishment  of 
an  academy  or  seminary  for  the  instruction  of  young  men  desirous  of  pi-e- 
paring  for  the  Gospel  ministry.  This  was  the  radical  step,  showing  the  de- 
termination of  the  Coetus  to  have  institutions  and  a  church  judicatory  of 
their  own,  which  brought  matters  to  a  crisis,  causing  the  split  in  the  Coetus 
and  the  organization  of  the  Conferentie.     (See  Mints.  Conferentie,  1755.) 

They  were  also  induced  to  take  this  step  on  account  of  the  success  of 
Schlatter's  visit  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  in  1751-2,  by  whose  appeals, 
partly,  more  than  £30,000  had  been  raised  to  support  German  ministers 
and  schools  in  Pennsylvania.  (ScnLATTER.)  Mr.  F.  sailed  from  New-York 
on  Oct.  10th,  1759,  to  engage  in  this  eiFort  to  procure  means  to  establish  a 
college.  But  he  never  returned,  and  there  is  a  mystery  concerning  his  fate. 
The  plans  now  begun  were  not  consummated  till  sixteen  years  later,  when 
Queen's  (now  Rutgers)  College  was  chartered.  Mr.  F.  was  the  author  of  a 
catechism  in  1748,  which  was  indorsed  by  Coetus.  His  memory  was  pre- 
cious in  Albany,  meriting  the  tribute  of  "  the  apostolic  and  much-beloved 
Frclinghuysen."     (Theological  Seminaries.) 

Frclinghuysen,  Theodorus  Jacobus,  b.  1691,  in  West-Friesland,  lie.  1717; 
(Embdcn,  Holland,  1717-19,)  Raritan,  New-Brunswick,  Six  Mile  Run, 
Three  Mile  Run,  North-Branch,  1720-47,  d.     Also  Sourland,  1729-47. 


88  THE   MINISTEY. 

He  was  the  first  minister  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Central  New-Jersey. 
Divine  providence  committed  to  this  remarkable  man  the  important  work 
of  sowing  the  seed  of  truth  and  righteousness  in  a  soil  which  has  yielded, 
under  subsequent  cultivation,  the  most  abundant  harvests.  Such  was  the 
influence  that  he  exerted  throughout  the  whole  denomination,  as  well  as  in 
the  field  of  his  special  labors,  that  the  church  is  called  to  cherish  his  me- 
mory with  warmest  gratitude. 

Very  little  information  in  reference  to  this  pioneer  of  the  Gospel  ministry, 
in  this  section  of  the  church,  has  been  transmitted  to  us.  His  parents  were 
of  considerable  reputation  in  their  own  country ;  and,  among  his  relatives, 
an  uncle,  Henricus,  is  known  to  have  been  an  able  and  successful  minister. 
Of  his  early  life,  and  the  circumstances  of  his  conversion,  nothing  is  known. 
His  theological  education  was  thorough,  having  enjoyed  the  advantages  of 
a  full  course  of  study,  at  a  time  when  the  science  of  theology  and  true  piety 
in  Holland  were  in  a  highly  prosperous  condition.  That  he  was  a  man  of 
considerable  literary  culture,  is  evident  from  his  call  to  assume  the  rector- 
ship of  an  academy  in  the  town  of  Embden,  as  well  as  from  the  proofs  fur- 
nished in  his  published  discourses.  He  entered  the  ministry  at  the  age  of 
twenty-six,  and  for  about  two  years  was  the  pastor  of  a  church  in  his  na- 
tive country.  The  circumstance  of  his  selection  for  the  important  mission 
to  this  country  was  always  regarded  by  him  as  a  special  call  from  God. 
A  pious  elder  entertained  a  young  traveler  on  his  way  through  the  town  to 
Embden.  During  the  evening  he  was  so  well  pleased  with  the  spirituality 
of  his  conversation,  and  his  eminent  gifts,  especially  in  prayer  dui-ing  family 
worship,  that  he  immediately  informed  his  pastor,  who  had  interested  him- 
self in  procuring  an  evangelical  missionary  for  the  new  settlements  on  the 
Raritan,  "  I  have  found  a  man  to  go  to  America."  Accordingly,  after  care- 
ful deliberation,  the  call  was  accepted,  and  he  emigrated  to  this  country. 

The  field  of  his  pastoral  charge  was  very  extensive,  embracing  all  the 
churches  of  our  denomination  in  Somerset  and  Middlesex  counties.  When 
he  entered  upon  his  labors,  he  found  the  morals  of  the  people  in  a  most 
deplorable  state.  They  had  been  entirely  destitute  of  the  stated  ministry 
of  the  Gospel  since  the  first  settlement  of  the  country ;  and  although 
church  organizations  existed,  and  houses  of  worship  had  been  erected,  yet, 
as  the  natural  result  of  the  absence  of  pastoral  supervision,  there  was  a 
great  departure  from  serious  and  vital  piety.  The  physical  appearance  of 
the  country  very  much  resembled  the  morals  of  the  people.  It  was  wild 
and  uncultivated.  Dense  forests  covered  the  land ;  the  streams  were  un- 
bridged ;  the  settlements  were  widely  scattered  ;  the  roads  were  little  more 
than  paths  through  the  wilderness ;  and  it  had  all  the  appearance  of  a  new- 
country. 

But  he  was  a  man  equal  to  the  times,  and  with  great  facility  adapted  him. 
self  to  the  circumstances  in  which  he  was  placed.  He  had  great  energy  of 
character,  was  remarkable  for  his  fearlessness  and  independence  of  spirit, 
and  would  "sooner  die  a  thousand  deaths,"  as  he  expresses  it,  "than  not 
preach  the  truth."      From  the  sermons  which  have  been  preserved,  we 


THE   MINISTRY.  89 

gather  that  he  was  a  warm,  earnest  minister,  dwclHng  principally  upon  the 
doctrine  of  the  new  birth,  and  having  a  dreadful  antipathy  to  all  manner  of 
formalism.  Indeed,  his  preaching  was  so  direct  and  personal,  and  at  the 
same  time  of  such  an  evangelical  character,  that  the  people  almost  immedi- 
ately raised  against  him  a  violent  opposition.  lie  was  charged  with  preach- 
ing doctrines  contrary  to  the  standards  of  the  church,  and  introducing 
customs  which  were  subversive  of  her  system  of  government.  This  contro- 
versy was  opened  almost  at  the  commencement  of  his  ministry,  and  it  was 
carried  on  for  several  years  with  a  spirit  of  bitter  persecution.  Indeed,  in 
some  portions  of  the  field,  it  seems  to  have  disturbed  the  peace  of  the 
church  during  his  whole  life. 

Mr.  Frelinghuysen  met  all  this  opposition  in  the  spirit  of  a  true  Gospel 
minister.  That  he  was  always  discreet  in  his  management  of  the  opposi- 
tion, and  was  never  provoked  to  rashness,  is  not  maintained  by  his  warm- 
est admirers.  But  his  brethren  in  the  ministry  vindicated  him  against  all 
the  aspersions  of  his  enemies ;  legal  decisions  were  obtained  in  his  favor, 
and  he  himself  was  especially  thankful  that  God  "had  raised  up  pious 
brethren  in  Holland  and  East-Friesland  to  sustain  him  by  their  godly  and 
edifying  epistles." 

His  ministry  was  eminently  successful,  as  it  was  also  exceedingly  labo- 
rious. His  residence  was  near  the  city  of  New-Brunswick,  then  a  small 
hamlet,  from  whence  he  would  go  forth  on  preaching  and  catechising  tours, 
laboring  with  great  diligence  in  the  work  of  his  Master.  Throughout  this 
extensive  field  he  enjoyed,  as  the  fruit  of  his  ministry,  several  extensive  re- 
vivals of  religion,  which  were  distinctly  marked  with  the  power  of  God's 
grace,  and  stamp  upon  his  ministry  the  character  of  eminent  usefulness. 
He  is  frequently  found  in  distant  congregations,  assisting  their  pastors  in 
extraordinary  labors,  and  he  is  uniformly  represented  to  have  been  sound 
in  his  doctrinal  views,  searching  in  his  reproofs,  fervent  in  his  appeals,  and 
particularly  distinguished  for  his  success  in  winning  souls  to  Christ.  He 
was  for  several  years  a  co-laborer  with  Rev.  Gilbert  Tennent,  in  New-Bruns- 
wick, who  speaks  of  him  in  terms  of  high  commendation.  He  enjoyed  the 
friendship  of  Rev.  George  Whitefield,  who  speaks,  in  his  journal,  of  the 
pleasure  he  experienced  in  the  society  of  this  godly  man.  And  Rev.  Jona- 
than Edwards,  whose  experience  in  New-Englartd  was  very  similar  to  his 
own,  commends  him  for  his  discriminating  manner  in  setting  forth  divine 
truth. 

In  order  to  meet  the  growing  wants  of  his  extensive  charge,  Mr.  Freling- 
huysen resorted  to  the  expedient  of  appointing  "helpers,"  after  the  manner 
of  the  apostles.  Men  who  were  gifted  in  exhortation  and  prayer,  and  who 
had  commended  themselves,  by  their  godly  lives,  to  the  people,  were  select- 
ed, under  the  sanction  of  the  consistory,  to  hold  neighborhood  services,  to 
visit  the  sick,  to  direct  the  inquiring,  and  to  be  generally  useful  in  the  con- 
gregation. The  tradition  is,  that  these  men  became  extensively  useful,  and 
while  the  measure  was  a  novelty  in  the  Dutch  Church,  yet  it  tended  greatly 
to  the  prosperity  of  the  church.     These  extraordinary  officers  held  their 


90  THE   MINISTRY. 

positions  during  life ;  and  one  of  the  number,  Hendrick  Fisher,  an  elder  in 
the  church  of  New-Brunswick,  subsequently  a  distinguished  revolutionary 
patriot,  became  a  lay  preacher  and  catechist,  and  some  of  his  published  dis- 
courses are  still  in  existence. 

Mr.  Frelinghuysen  was  accustomed  to  receive  into  his  family  young  men 
of  piety,  and  train  them  up  for  the  Gospel  ministry.  How  many  availed 
themselves  of  this  advantage  is  not  known;  but  among  the  number  we  find 
the  names  of  Rev.  Samuel  Verbryck,  Rev.  John  H.  Goetschius,  and  Rev. 
Thomas  Romeyn.  He  was  an  early  advocate  for  the  establishment  of  an 
ecclesiastical  judicatory  in  this  country,  with  more  enlarged  powers  than 
had  hitherto  been  granted  by  the  church  in  Holland.  As  a  member  of  the 
first  convention  held  in  New- York,  he  was  an  eflScient  supporter  of  that  new 
plan  which  was  there  originated,  and  which  resulted  in  the  independence 
of  our  church  in  America.  It  is  said  that  such  was  his  zeal  and  foresight, 
that  the  plan  of  a  college  and  seminary  was  first  suggested  by  him,  to  pro- 
vide a  well-educated  ministry. 

Concerning  the  events  that  transpired  during  the  latter  part  of  Mr.  Fre- 
linghuy sen's  life,  few  records  have  been  preserved.  It  is  known  that  he 
was  frequently  prostrated  by  sickness,  the  efiect,  no  doubt,  of  excessive  la- 
bor ;  and  that  he  enjoyed  a  large  ingathering  into  the  church — a  most  cheer- 
ing evidence  of  divine  favor,  and  a  great  encouragement  to  that  noble  minis- 
ter, who  had  now  triumphed  over  all  opposition,  and  whose  work  was  thus 
crowned  with  God's  approbation. 

The  date  of  his  death  is  not  known,  although  there  is  reason  to  believe 
that  the  event  occurred  about  the  commencement  of  the  year  1748,  when 
he  had  not  yet  reached  his  fifty-seventh  year.  Nor  is  the  place  of  his 
burial  definitely  ascertained.  The  tradition  is,  that  his  body  rests  in  the 
old  yard  of  the  Six  Mile  Run  Church.  The  aged  remember  that  their  pa- 
rents pointed  to  the  spot  as  the  resting-place  of  a  "great  man."  Is  it  not 
a  striking  fact  that  the  distinguished  minister  who  first  broke  ground  for 
the  Gospel  in  Central  New- Jersey  lies  in  an  unknown  grave  ?  But  if  no 
monument  marks  his  grave,  his  memory  is  preserved  among  the  greatest 
lights  of  our  Zion.  The  character  of  his  mind  is  sufficiently  indicated  by 
his  published  discourses ;  his  success,  by  the  ingatherings  which  he  enjoy- 
ed, the  foundations  which  he  laid,  and  the  seed  which  he  planted ;  and  his 
piety,  by  the  savor  which  yet  breathes  from  his  memory.  When  such  emi- 
nent men  as  Gilbert  Tennent,  George  Whitefield,  and  President  Edwards, 
speak  of  him  as  one  of  the  great  divines  of  the  American  Church,  we  freely 
accord  to  him  the  distinguished  position  which  he  occupies. — E.  E.  S. 

French,  see  Funck  and  Vonck. 

[Frey,  C.  F.  (converted   Israelite,)  Miss,  at  Yor"kville,    1827,   became  a 
Baptist.] 

Fbiedel,  Henry  A.  (at  first  an  independent  Lutheran ;)  3d  Ger.  Ch.  N.Y. 
C.  1856— 


THE   MINISTRY.  91 

Fritts,  Cn-vs.  T7.     R.  C.  1SG2,  N.B.S.  18G5,  1.  CI.  Hudson,  18G5 ;  Blawcn- 
burgh,  180  J — 

Froeligh,  Moses,  (brother  of  Sol.  Froeligh,)  b.  at  Saugerties  (?)  1T63,  studied 
theol.  under  Froeligh  and  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  D.  R.  Chs.  1787; 
Shawangunk  and- Montgomery,  1788-1811,  Montgomery,  1811-17,  d. 
He  was  a  man  of  prepossessing  appearance,  and  of  a  good  mind.     His 
Voice  was  clear,  his  enunciation  distinct,  his  gesture  natural,  and  his  deliv- 
ery unembarrassed.     He  was  familiar  and  agreeable  with  his  friends,  but 
sometimes  fearfully  sarcastic  to  others.     He  had  an  exuberance  of  wit  and 
anecdote  at  command,  by  which  he  often  and  easily  carried  his  point  in 
argument.     "With  advancing  age  he  became  more  reverential,  and  manifest- 
ed more  religious  sensibility.     In  all  important  matters  he  was  exceedingly 
conscientious,  and  where  duty  was  involved  he  was  absolutely  immovable. 
His  wonderful  exuberance  of  spirit,  no  doubt,  somewhat  lessened  his  use- 
fulness.— Sprague's  Annals. 

Froeligh,  Peter  D.  (s.  of  Sol.  Froeligh,)  b.  17. .,  C.  0.  1799,  studied  under 

his  father,  lie.  CI.  Paramus;  1801,  Pittstown,  Tioshock,  and  Sincock, 

1802-7,  New-Paltz  and  New-Hurley  1807-lG,  Aquackanonck  1816-25, 

seceded,  suspended,  {Aquacl-ajionch  and  English  Neighborhood?)  1825-27. 

He  was  an  attractive  preacher,  his  sermons  always  being  interesting,  and 

delivered  with  great  force  and  distinctness.    But  while  sound,  perspicuous, 

and  clear,  they  were  lacking  in  spiritual  point  and  pungency,  and  failed  to 

effect  any  reformation  in  morals  or  manners.     He  was  a  man  of  medium 

height,  pleasant  countenance,  and  great  suavity  of  manners.    But  becoming 

suspected  in  a  certain  matter  about  a  will,  he  terminated  his  own  life. — 

See  SHWs  Hist.  Ch.  Kew-Paltz. 

Froeligh,  Solomon,  b.  at  Red  Hook,  1750,  (brother  of  Moses  Froeligh,) 
studied  under  D.  Romeyn  and  J.  H.  Goetschius,  lie.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of 
ministers  and  elders,  1774;  Jamaica,  Newtown,  Oyster  Bay  and  Success, 
1775-6,  supplied  Fishkill  and  Poughkeepsie,  1776-80,  Hillsborough  and 
Ne-Shanic,  1780-6,  Hackensack,  (1st,)  and  Schraalenburgh,  (1st,)  1786- 
•  1822 ;  also  Lector  in  Theology,  1792-7,  Prof  of  Theology,  1797-1822, 
seceded  ;  1823,  suspended  ;  {HacTcensach  and  Schraalenlurgh,  secession, 
1822-7,  d.) 

He  was  early  religiously  impressed,  under  the  ministry  of  Schunema,  and 
begged  his  father,  who  was  a  farmer,  to  give  him  an  education.  Through 
his  mother's  influence,  he  finally  prevailed.  He  married  Rachel  Vander- 
beck  in  1771.  His  patriotism  in  the  Revolution  was  very  ardent,  and  when 
the  British  entered  Long  Island,  he  was  compelled  to  flee  from  his  congre- 
tions,  narrowly  escaping.  He  went  to  Hackensack,  and  accompanied  Dr. 
Livingston  on  horseback,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Hudson,  to  the  north.  A 
brief  autobiography  may  be  found  in  Demarest's  Lamentation  over  Froeligh, 
with  remarks  ou  men  and  measures.  Settling  at  Hackensack  in  1786,  over 
that  portion  of  the  congregations  which  had  been  especially  of  the  Coctus 


92  THE   MINISTRY. 

or  progressive  party,  he  at  first  sought  to  unite  tlie  two  antagonistic  ele- 
ments in  that  section.  (Goetschius,  Curtenius.)  Warmoldus  Kuypers, 
the  pastor  of  the  other  part,  was  a  mild  and  peaceable  man,  though  pastor 
of  those  who  -had  opposed  the  independent  organization  of  the  American 
Eeformed  Church.     (Kuypers,  W.) 

The  old  spirit  still  manifested  itself  in  a  refusal  to  attend,  on  the  part  of 
this  people,  the  meetings  of  the  Classis  of  Hackensack,  (1771-86,)  and  also 
on  account  of  personal  animosities  with  members  of  Mr.  Froeligh's  congre- 
gation. The  two  parties  M'ere  also  divided  by  opposite  sentiments,  in  the 
Eevolutionary  struggle,  and  in  the  early  political  controversies  of  the  coun- 
try. It  was  at  such  a  period  that  Mr.  Froeligh  settled  at  Hackensack, 
(1786.)  Efforts  were  now  made  by  Synod  to  reconcile  the  conflicting  par- 
ties, and  Mr.  Froeligh's  people  seem  to  have  been  favorable  to  it;  but  Mr. 
Kuypers's  people  refused,  unless  the  well-known  charter  was  repealed.  The 
old  charter  seems  at  length  to  have  been  done  away  with  by  the  new  law 
for  incorporating  religious  societies  of  1789,  of  which  these  congregations 
availed  themselves,  and  it  was  hoped  that  peace  was  now  established. 
From  1790-5,  they  actually  came  together,  and  built  a  church  in  common, 
but  the  strife  soon  burst  forth  anew. 

Some  of  the  people,  who  had  been  in  the  heat  of  the  old  ecclesiastical 
feuds,  (1748-71,)  looked  upon  Mr.  Kuypers's  people  as  schismatics,  and 
disapproved  of  the  union  effected.  They  disliked  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Froe- 
ligh in  this  direction,  and  labored  with  him  until  he  yielded  to  the  pressure, 
and  professed  to  feel  that  the  union  was  undesirable,  if  not  wicked.  lie 
applied  Jer.  15  :  19-21,  to  the  circumstances,  considering  his  own  people  as 
the  precious,  and  Mr.  Kuypers's  as  the  vile,  and  thus  preached  upon  it. 
About  the  same  time,  the  union  church  which  bad  been  built  was  struck  by 
lightning,  and  the  stone  over  the  entrance,  with  the  words,  "Union  makes 
strength,"  was  broken  in  two.  This  was  looked  upon  as  ominous,  and  all 
the  efforts  of  Synod,  even,  proved  unavailing  to  keep  the  congregations 
united. 

Mr.  Kuypers  died  about  this  time,  (1795.)  But  whatever  may  have  been 
the  position  of  Mr.  Kuypers's  people  before,  now  the  tables  seem  to  have 
turned,  and  Mr.  Froeligh  and  his  people  to  become  the  aggressors.  It  must 
be  remembered  that  there  were  two  consistories,  but  only  one  corporation. 
Now  Mr.  Froeligh's  people,  hoping  to  control  every  thing,  after  Mr.  Kuypers's 
death,  attempted  to  prevent  his  consistory  from  sending  delegates  to  Clas- 
sis, and  protesting  against  it  when  done,  and  appeals  from  classical  decisions 
were  carried  up  to  the  Synods.  And  when  Mr.  Kuypers's  consistory  at- 
tempted to  call  Rev.  J.  V.  C.  Romeyn,  this  they  also  attempted  to  defeat, 
protesting  against  it,  and  carrying  the  matter  by  appeal  to  the  Synods. 
The  two  consistories  (making  one  corporation)  voted  on  strictly  party 
lines,  while  Mr.  Froeligh,  as  the  President,  gave  the  casting-vote  always 
in  favor  of  his  own  consistory.  Synod  sustained  Mr.  Kuypers's  people  in 
all  their  acts,  approving  of  the  call  on  Mr.  Romeyn.  His  consistory  now 
kindly  invited  Mr.  Froeligh  to  officiate  at  his  installation,  but  he  refused. 


THE   MINISTRY.  93 

The  old  Classis  of  Ilackcnsack  being  divided  in  1800,  Synod  declared 
Mr.  Frocligh's  church  to  belong  to  the  Classis  of  Paramus,  and  the  other  to 
the  Classis  of  Rcrgcn,  hoping  thus  to  prevent  collision.  Yet  about  this 
time,  a  precious  revival,  which  extended  all  over  the  country,  also  visited 
this  region,  and  Mr.  Frocligh  had  more  than  two  hundred  added  to  his 
church  on  profession  in  a  single  year,  (1800.) 

The  building  of  new  churches  and  parsonages  by  the  opposing  congrega- 
tions, (which  were  one  corporation,)  furnished  many  new  causes  of  conflict 
and  of  sin.  Members  irregularly  passing  from  one  to  the  other,  and  Mr. 
Froeligh  baptizing  children  of  disaftected  members  in  Mr.  Romeyn's  con- 
gregation, did  not  tend  to  harmonize  matters.  Technical  questions  also 
arose,  Mr.  Froeligh' s  consistory  assuming  the  responsibility  of  the  bap- 
tisms, to  free  Mr.  Froeligh  from  blame.  Classes  and  Synods  took  opposite 
views  of  the  matter,  till  at  length  Mr.  Froeligh,  with  four  other  ministers  in 
the  north,  (Brokaw,  Palmer,  Toll,  WyckofF,  II.  V.,)  who  had  been  suspen- 
ded for  contumacy,  combined  in  organizing  what  they  styled  "The  True 
Reformed  Dutch  Church."  This  secession  took  place  in  1822.  Thus  that 
portion  of  the  congregations  in  Hackensack  and  Schraalenburgh  which  had 
warmly  favored  the  independent,  American  ecclesiastical  organization — 
which  had  belonged  to  the  Coetus  party,  and  which  under  Goetschius, 
Drick  Romeyn,  and  the  early  years  of  Froeligh,  had  denounced  schism — 
had  now  through  their  personal  animosities  effected  a  real  schism,  which 
has  been  the  bane  of  Bergen  City,  in  all  its  original  extent,  for  nearly  half 
a  century.  Likewise,  many  fair  regions  along  the  Mohawk,  and  farther 
west,  were  desolated  by  the  same  wave.  The  attempt  was  made  to  vindi- 
cate the  secession  on  doctrinal  grounds  and  looseness  of  discipline.  It  was 
charged  that  the  Church  had  become  Hopkinsian  (or  too  mildly  Calvinistic) 
in  its  theology,  and  many  pamphlets  were  produced  by  the  opposite  sides 
upon  this  question.  The  matter  was  brought  by  memorials  of  different 
parties  before  the  General  Synod.  Dr.  Froeligh  had  been  appointed 
assistant  Professor  of  Theology  in  1792,  and  this  now  made  him  directly 
responsible  to  the  Synod  for  his  conduct.  He  was  accordingly  suspended 
in  1823  from  his  professorship  and  from  the  ministry  for  seceding,  for 
charging  the  constituted  authorities  of  the  Church  with  unsound  doctrines 
and  with  looseness  of  discipline,  (especially  while  he  had  himself  irregularly 
administered  baptism  to  the  disaffected  of  another  congregation,)  for  unit- 
ing with  deposed  ministers  in  contempt  of  ecclesiastical  authority,  and  for 
promoting  schisms  and  dissensions.  It  was  afterward  proved  by  letters  of 
Mr.  Froeligh  to  different  parties,  and  by  the  testimony  of  some  of  his 
students,  that  he  had  contemplated  secession,  in  imitation  of  the  Scotch 
for  many  years. 

Mr.  Froeligh  was  seventy-two  years  of  age  at  his  secession.  He  was  not 
a  man  of  lofty  genius  or  of  intellectual  greatness.  lie  followed  the  beaten 
track  of  doctrinal  exposition  and  experimental  religion.  He  became  with 
years  severely  dogmatic.  His  studies  were  rather  confined  to  the  needful 
and  the  useful.     He  was  considered  during  many  of  his  latter  years  by  the 


94  THE   MINISTRY. 

Church  at  large  as  a  troubler  in  Israel.  He  expressed  his  doctrines  in  the 
severest  terms,  preaching  an  unalterable  reprobation.  He  was  no  doubt 
led  into  the  ecclesiastical  difficulties,  before  he  was  aware,  so  far  that  he 
felt  he  could  not  recede,  and  by  thus  acting  he  soon  became  guilty  of  many 
inconsistencies.  It  must  be  remembered  that  he  at  first  strove  for  union  ; 
and  when  he  had  failed  in  all  his  efforts  and  plans,  the  reaction  carried  him 
far  the  other  way.  From  his  position,  he  found  himself  at  the  head  of  a 
party,  and  circumstances  led  him  on  till  the  consummation  which  we  have 
seen.  Much  sin  was  on  both  sides,  no  doubt,  but  why  should  the  children 
perpetuate  the  old  feuds  ? — See  Taylor's  Annals  of  Classis  of  Bergen. 

Fryenmoet,  (Frymuth,)  Johannes  Casparus,  b.  in  Switzerland,  1720,  went 
to  Holland  for  ordination  ;  Minisink,  Walpeck,  Smithfield,  and  Mahakke- 
mack,  1741-56,  supplied  Wawarsing,  1745-51,  Kinderhook,  Claverack, 
and  Livingston  Manor,  1756-70,  supplied  also  Red  Hook,  Kinderhook, 
and  Schodack,  1770-78,  d. 

He  emigrated  while  a  young  man  to  America,  and  took  up  his  residence 
near  what  is  now  Port  Jei'vis,  N.  Y.  The  associated  churches  on  the  Dela- 
ware took  a  special  interest  in  him,  and  sent  him  to  Holland  to  complete 
his  education  and  to  receive  ordination.  He  was  at  first  opposed  to  the 
Coetus,  and  was  installed  by  Promotor  Mancius,  as  he  was  called,  over  the 
churches  on  the  Delaware.  Mancius  had  previously  founded  these  churches ; 
afterward  Coetus  questioned  the  validity  of  his  installation.  His  very 
neat  handwriting,  his  great  regularity  in  keeping  records,  and  the  sweet 
savor  he  left  behind  him  of  deep,  evangelical  piety  continued  in  Port  Jervis 
(says  Slauson)  even  down  to  this  day.  He  was  very  popular  as  a  preacher. 
When  he  returned  from  Holland,  so  great  was  his  popularity  that  quite  a 
strife  occurred  between  certain  churches  which  wished  his  services.  The 
churches  of  the  Delaware  and  of  Ulster  County  were  the  contestants.  A 
correspondence  took  place  between  them  of  a  very  spicy  nature,  and  evin- 
cing no  little  spirit  of  rivalry  as  to  wealth  and  worldly  standing. 

He  became  in  a  few  years  a  conservative  member  of  the  Coetus,  but  in- 
dignantly withdrew  when  they  proposed  to  organize  a  Classis.  He  had 
ordained  Arondeus  over  the  Conferentie  elements  in  Somerset  County,  N.  J., 
in  1747.  In  1756,  an  Indian  massacre  compelled  him  to  flee  from  his 
home,  and  he  went  to  Raritan,  and  the  Conferentie  party  there  sought  most 
strenuously  to  call  him,  but  they  were  prevented  by  the  friends  of  Coetus, 
who  already  had  determined  to  call  Hardenbergh,  who  had  married  John 
Frelinghuysen's  widow. 

The  dispute  rose  so  high  that  the  Circle  (or  Classis)  of  New-Brunswick 
was  called  in  to  settle  it.  He  had  great  power  in  personal  intercourse, 
being  remarkably  social  and  genial,  and  was  frequently  placed  on  commis- 
sions to  deal  with  delicate  cases. — See  Slausoii's  Hist.  Ser.  at  Port  Jervis^ 
and  Zdbrishie^s  Claverack  Centennial. 

Fulton,  Wm.     Collegiate  education  in  Europe,  studied  theology  under  Dr. 
Ilelffenstein,  1.  by  Ger.  Ref.  CI.  of  Philadelphia,  1852  ;  (Phoenixville, 


THE   MINISTKY.  95 

G.  R.  and  S.S.  at  JcfFersonville,  Presbyt.  1853-5,)  Manayunk,  1855- 
March,  1865,  Chaplain  of  the  Scott  Legion  Regiment  and  Miss,  at  Hilton 
Head,  S.C.  March-No  v.  18G5,  Manayunk  again,  1865-9. 

Funck,  Seymour  P.     (See  French  and  Yonck,)  C.C.  1817,  N.B.S.  1821, 
1.  CI.  N.B.  1821 ;  (Jamaica,  Presbyt.  1823-5,)  d.  1828. 

Furbcck,  George,  b.  at  Guilderland,  1821,  U.C.  1846,  N.B.S.  1851,  1.  CI. 

Schenectady,  1851,  d. 

He  had  been  called  to  the  church  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  N.  J.,  and  while  per- 
forming some  ministrations  during  an  epidemic,  before  his  settlement  he 
laid  the  foundations  of  the  disease  in  his  own  system,  and  died  three  days 
before  the  time  fixed  for  his  ordination.  Possessed  of  a  solid,  discriminat- 
ing, earnest  mind,  and  studious  habits,  united  with  a  cheerful  and  dignified 
consistency  of  character  and  noble  views  of  the  ministerial  work,  he  gave 
promise  of  great  usefulness.  His  preaching  while  in  the  Seminary  was  re- 
markable for  its  unction.     His  death  produced  a  great  sensation. 

Furbeck,  Philip,  U.C.  1854,  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  Schenectady,  1859;  Caugh- 
nawaga,  1859-62,  Westerlo,  1802-7,  Buskirk's  Bridge,  1867— 

Ganse,  Hervey  D.     C.C.  1839,  N.B.S.  1843,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1843;  Freehold, 
2d,  1843-56,  West  23d  St.  N.Y.C.  1856— 

Gardeneir,  W.     Kalamazoo,  1855,  d. 

Gardiner,  Hugh  B.     Coeymans  and  New-Baltimore,  1856-60,  Herkimer 
1860-4. 

Gardner,  John,  U.C.  1841,  N.B.S.   1844,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1844;   Harlingen, 
1844— 

Gardner,  Theodore  A.     W.C.  1853,  U.S.  1857,  1.  by  4th  Presbyt.  N.Y. 

;  Tiossiock,  1862-7,  (S.S.  Orient,  Cong.  1867—) 

Garretson,  Garret  L.  b.  near  Somerville,  1808,  R.C.  1829,  N.B.S.  1832, 

1.  CI.  N.B.  1832  ;  Stuyvesant,  1832-5,  Newtown  and  Jamaica,  1845-9, 

Lodi,  1849-52,  d.  1853. 

He  was  fitted  by  nature  and  by  grace  to  be  a  useful  man,  and  he  was 
not  slow  at  turning  his  talents  to  the  best  account.  As  a  minister  of  the 
Gospel,  he  was  "diligent  in  business,  fervent  in  spirit,  serving  the  Lord." 
He  was  not  a  brilliant  man  in  the  pulpit,  but  he  was  something  better — a 
good  doctrinal  and  practical  preacher,  whose  performances  were  generally 
elevated,  without  being  great ;  always  uniform,  never  puerile  ;  always  in- 
structive, never  sensational ;  always^solid,  never  flowery  ;  always  earnest, 
never  affected. 

Characterized  by  piety,  simplicity,  good  sense,  lucid  style,  and  well 
delivered,  they  never  failed  to  win  the  approval  of  intelligent  hearers.  He 
aimed  at  expounding  and  enforcing  the  doctrines  of  the  Gospel  and  urging 
sinners  to  repentance.  Justly  estimating  his  responsibility,  he  ever  sought 
to  inform  the  intellect  and  improve  the  heart,  by  showing  that  the  strength 


96  THE   MINISTRY. 

of  Christian  character  depended  upon  the  combination  of  knowledge,  faith, 
prudence,  and  holiness,  in  the  activity  and  well-directed  influence  of  a  good 
man's  life  ;  and  he  was  himself  a  consistent  exemplification  of  what  he 

preached. 

As  a  pastor,  he  was  faithful  without  being  obtrusive,  diligent  without 
being  oflBcious,  acceptable  to  and  popular  among  his  people,  and  therefore 
successful  in  the  business  of  his  calling.  Faults  incident  to  frailties  of 
human  nature  in  its  best  estate  in  a  world  of  sin  were,  of  course,  his,  and 
no  man  better  understood  this  than  himself 

Possessed  of  a  social,  kind  nature,  he  was  an  agreeable  companion,  a 
high-minded,  honorable  gentleman,  a  sympathizing  friend,  and  every  way 
worthy  of  confidence  and  regard.  A  proof  of  this  is  found  in  the  testimony 
of  them  that  knew  him  best,  and  in  the  sympathy  and  substantial  acts  of 
kindness  of  the  noble  church  of  Newtown,  grown  strong  under  his  minis- 
try, in  the  dark  days  of  trial  which  eclipsed  his  setting  sun  and  finally 
pressed  him  into  the  grave.  The  reputation  of  being  wealthy  worked  his 
ruin  by  the  agency  of  servants  in  his  own  household,  who  sought  to  extort 
money  from  him  by  false  accusation.  Crimes  of  which  he  was  never  guilty, 
by  a  most  mysterious  combination  of  circumstances,  cost  him  untold  agony, 
such  as  bleeding  innocence  alone  can  sufier.  Through  all  these  trials,  this 
writer,  a  brother  minister,  attended  him  step  by  step ;  and  knowing  inti- 
mately, speaks  confidently,  saying,  that  in  this  regard  the  character  of 
brother  Garretson  was  as  pure  as  the  unfallen  snow.  Though  in  every 
investigation  he  came  ofi"  conqueror,  it  was  at  greatest  expense,  and,  saddest 
of  all,  with  the  forfeiture  of  his  precious  life.  He  died  of  a  broken  heart. 
But  from  beneath  the  surging  billows  of  a  cruel  sorrow,  dying  with  a  heart- 
rending appeal  to  his  Saviour,  we  believe  he  rose  to  his  embrace,  where  all 
his  sorrows  have  been  forgotten  and  all  his  labors  for  Christ  have  been 
compensated  by  the  welcome  of  the  Master,  "  Well  done,  good  and  faithful 
servant ;  enter  into  the  joy  of  thy  Lord." 

We  can  not  now  understand  these  things.  Payson  and  other  good  and 
efificient  ministers  have  been  thus  accused  and  proved  innocent ;  but  woe 
be  to  those  who  do  such  things  or  help  such  nefarious  attempts  to  prosper 
in  that  day  when  every  one  must  give  an  account  of  himself  to  God. — 
W.  E.  G. 
Garretson,  Gilbert  S.     R.C.  1859,  N.B.S.  1862,  1.  CI.  Cayuga,  1862; 

Upper  Walpeck,  1863— 
Garretson,  John,  N.B.S.  1826,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1826  ;  Miss,  to  Kinderhook  Land- 
ing (Stuyvesant)  and  Columbiaville,  1826-7,  Middleburgh,  1827-33, 
Schraalenburgh,  1833-6,  Miss,  at  Brooklyn,  organizing  the  Central  Ch. 
1836-7,  Belleville,  1837-49,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  Education,  1849-59,  Cana 
stota,  1859-61,  Owasco  Outlet,  1861-4,  Esopus,  1865-6,  also  S.S.  at  St. 
Remy,  Presbyt. 
Garretson,  John,  R.C.  1861,  N.B.S.  1864,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1864;  (supplying 
Broadalbin,  N.Y.  Presbyt.  1865-8,  pastor,  1868—) 


THE    MIKISTRY.  97 


Garvin,  Isaac,  1832. 


Gastom,  John,  R.C.  1849,  N.B.S.  1852,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1852  ;  Pompton,  1852  - 
62,  Saugerties,  1802— 

Gates,  Cor.  From  G.  Rcf.  Ch.  Wynantskill,  1840-2,  Caroline,  1842-50, 
Manayunk,  1851-4,  Port  Jackson,  1850-7,  Woolcott,  1857-9,  Minisink, 
1800-3,  d. 

Gebhard,  John  G,  b.  at  "Waldorf,  Ger.  1750,  studied  at  Heidelberg  and 
Utrecht,   1.    1771  ;    [AVhitpain   and  Worcester,    Pa.   1771-4,]  Ger.   Rcf. 
N.Y.C.    1774-6,   Claverack,    1776-1820,   d.  ;    also  at  Ghent  every  two 
months,  1782-87,  at  Taghkanic  quarterly,  1777-97,  at  Hillsdale  every 
seven  weeks,  1793-1814,  antl  at  Camp  occasionally. 
He  was  born  at  Waldorf,  in  Germany.     When  New-York  was  invaded 
by  the  British,  he  removed  to  Kingston,  and  soon  accepted  a  call  to  Cla- 
verack.    He  was  here  the  means  of  healing  an  unhappy  division,  bringing 
■with  him  sagacity,  knowledge  of  human  nature,  prudence,  and  self-control. 
He  mastered  the  Low  Dutch  tongue  so  as  to  be  able  to  preach  in  it  in 
three  months.     He  also  preached  in  all  the  surrounding  neighborhood, 
travelling  sometimes  even  to  Schoharie  (sixty  miles  distant)  to  break  to 
them  the  word  of  life.     In  1777,  he  founded  the  Washingtonian  Institute 
at  Claverack,  of  which  he  was  principal.     He  was  always  modest,  digni- 
fied, and  courteous,  and  affable  in  his  intercourse  with  others.     He  was  a 
man  of  peace.     As  a  preacher,  he  had  life  and  energy,  and  was  frequently 
pathetic ;    his  style  of  preaching  was  mostly  didactic,  addressed  to  the 
understanding  with  a  view  to  enlighten  and  convince.     As  a  patriot  of  the 
Revolution,  he  was  active  and  consistent ;  he  used  the  weight  of  his  official 
character  to  maintain  the  righteousness  of  the  cause  and  enlarge  the  spirit 
of  freedom.     His  last  communion  season,  standing  on  the  border  of  the 
grave,  is  described  as  thrilling. — Harlaiigh,  ii.  393,  Claveraelc  Centennial. 

Gerhard,  Ludwig,  1865. 

Gesner,  Oscar,  R.C.  1802,  N.B.S.  1805,  1.  S.  CI.  L.I.  1805;  Rocky  Hill, 
1805— 

Geyer,  Julius  W.     N.B.S.  1803,  Ger.  Evang.  Mission,  N.Y.C.  1803— 

[Giesy,  Henr}^,  b.  in  Upper  Saxony,  1757,  studied  at  Marburg,  c.  to  Ame- 
rica, 1776,  ordained,  1783.  German  Settlement,  Short  Hill,  Goose 
Creek,  1783-94,  Berhn,  Salisbury,  and  Bedford,  Pa.  1794-7,  Bedford  and 
Salisbury,  1797-1833,  d.  1845.] 

Gilbert,  Archibald  F.  b.  1826  ?  1.  by  Franklin  Assoc.  Mass.  1861 ;  Pratts- 
vifie,  1861-6,  d. 

Gilmore,  W.  B.     H.C.  1800,  student  of  theology  at  Holland,  1809. 

Ginnings,  see  Jennings. 

[Gobrecht,  John  Christopher,  b.  1733,  near  Gottingen,  Ger.,  c.  to  America, 
V 


98  THE    MINISTRY. 

1753,  studied  under  Alsontz,  ordained,  1706.  Tolucken,  Indianfield,  and 
Great  Swamp,  176G-T0,  Mode  Creek,  Cocalico,  Zeltenreich,  and  Reicher's 
Ch.  1770-9,  Hanover,  (or  Couevvayo,)  Abbotstown,  and  Bermudian, 
1779-1806,  d.  1815.] 

He  was  a  warm  patriot  in  the  Revolution,  often  exhorting  and  encourag- 
ing the  troops.  Originally  a  weaver,  he  overcame  the  obstacles  from  the 
want  of  an  early  education  and  gave  evidence  of  much  vigor  of  thought. 

[Goetschy,  John  Henry,  b.  16. .,  ordained  by  the  Presbyt.  Synod  of  Phila- 
delphia ;  New-Gosenhoppen,  Montgomery  Co.  Pa.  1730-9,  d.    His  charge 
also  took  in  the  whole  region  between  Philadelphia  and  Harrisburgh, 
embracing  the  Ger.  Ref.  congregations  of  Skippach,  Old  Gosenhoppen, 
Swamp,  Saucon,  Egypt,  Moselem,  Oly,  Berne,  Tulpehocken.] 
He  was  a  native  of  the  Canton  of  Zurich,  in  Switzerland.     He  came  to 
America  as  a  candidate  in  1728,  (?)  and  in  this  capacity  preached  in  the 
German  settlements  in  Philadelphia.     He  was  ordained,  for  convenience 
sake,  by  the  Presbyterian  Synod  of  Pennsylvania,  on  May  25th,  1737,  the 
Reformed  ministers  of  the  continent  who  were  in  America  not  yet  being  eccle- 
siastically organized.    He  probably  lived  at  Skippach.    No  record  of  his  death 
or  burial  remains.     His  ministry  ceased  in  1739,  which  is  the  probable  date 
of  his  death.     His  itinerant  labors  extended  through  all  the  settled  valleys 
between  the  Delaware  and  Susquehanna.     His  son,   of  the  same  name, 
labored  among  the  Hollanders  in  New-Jersey. 

Goetschius,  Johannes  Henricus,  (s.  of  J.  H.  Goetschy,)  b.  1718,  in  Liguria? 
Switzerland,  studied  in  University  of  Zurich  and  under  Dorstius,  1.  by 
Frelinghuysen  and  Dorstius,  1738  ;  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  1838  ?-40,  Ja- 
maica, Newtown,  Success,  and  Oyster  Bay,  1740-8,  Hackensack  and 
Schraalenburgh,  1748-74,  d. 

Having  applied  to  the  Presbytery  of  Philadelphia  for  licensure  in  1737, 
and  they  for  some  reason  not  granting  it,  he  was  licensed  and  ordained  by 
his  preceptor  Dorstius,  aided  by  J.  T.  Frelinghuysen,  of  Raritan.  This 
was  just  about  the  time  of  the  first  meeting  of  the  Dutch  Coetus.  Many 
souls  needed  instruction,  and  these  excellent  men  felt  that  this  must  not 
be  withheld  on  account  of  ecclesiastical  formalities.  They  lived  far  in  ad- 
vance of  their  times.  But  in  a  few  years,  when  Mr.  Goetschius  removed  to 
Long  Island,  the  validity  of  his  ordination  was  questioned.  He  had  been 
installed  there  by  ^Ir.  Freeman,  with  the  consent  of  Antonides,  who  was 
already  settled  in  the  collegiate  charges  of  Queens  County. 

The  installation  took  place  during  the  nine  years'  delay  of  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam  in  granting  the  request  for  a  Coetus.  But  evil-affected  persons 
created  difficulties  respecting  the  validity  of  his  ministry,  and  his  colleague, 
Antonides,  now  inconsistently  took  part  •with  them.  For  the  sake  of  peace, 
Mr.  G.  consented,  in  1748,  when  the  Coetus  was  formed  by  classical 
authority,  to  take  the  place  of  a  candidate,  though  he  had  been  ten  years 
in  the  ministry,  and  to  submit  to  a  new  examination  and  ordination  !  How 
does  this  show  the  peaceful  character  of  the  man !     During  the  contest 


THE    MINISTRY.  99 

much  uiichrislian  spirit  had  been  exhibited.  The  church  was  sometimes 
locked  against  him,  when  he  preached  in  barns,  or  crowded  houses,  or 
under  trees,  or  on  the  door-steps  of  the  church.  On  one  occasion,  when  in 
the  church,  the  chorister,  who  sat  below  the  pulpit  and  in  those  days  gave 
out  the  hymns,  in  order  to  prevent  his  preaching,  gave  out  the  whole  of 
the  119th  Psalm,  which  would  have  taken  all  day  to  sing.  But  Mr.  G.  had 
the  courage  to  stop  the  proceedings.  The  neighboring  ministers  also, 
(Boel,  etc.,)  who  were  opposed  to  his  ordination,  re-baptized  the  children 
whom  he  had  baptized.  Yet  God  accepted  his  ministry,  giving  him  while 
on  Long  Island,  and  before  his  rcordination,  as  well  as  frequently  after, 
great  revivals.  His  occasional  services  at  New-Paltz  were  also  greatly 
blessed. 

When  he  removed  to  Ilackensack,  new  difficulties  awaited  him.  ITe-wa;* 
called  as  the  colleague  of  Mr.  Curtenius.  The  latter,  while  favorable  to- 
the  Coetus,  seems  to  have  been  among  the  more  conservative  membei-s,  and' 
ultimately  opposed  the  proposition  for  a  Classis.  The  two  colleagues  there- 
fore represented  the  conservative  and  progressive  elements.  Indeed,  the- 
anti-Coetus  party  on  Long  Island  soon  called  Curtenius  there  after  they 
had  driven  Goetschius  away. 

Mr.  Goetschius  and  his  friends,  embracing  all  the  elders  and  deacons  at, 
Hackensack,  procured  a  charter  from  the  Governor  to  assess  the  expenses 
of  the  church  on  the  pews.  Domine  Cioetschius  had  not  received  his  full 
salary  when  he  left  Long  Island.  This,  with  the  ecclesiastical  questions 
about  ordination,  fully  split  the  church,  and  was  the  foundation  of  those 
unhappy  differences  cherished  by  the  parties  which  led,  in  connection  with 
other  causes,  seventy  years  later,  to  the  secession.  Mr.  Goetschius  was 
blessed  again  in  New-Jersey  by  a  precious  revival  of  religion.  lie  was  a 
learned,  pious,  and  godly  man,  and  a  faithful  and  successful  preacher  oi 
the  Gospel.  He  instructed  several  young  men  for  the  ministry,  such  as 
Dirck  Romeyn,  Thos.  Romeyn,  Sol.  Froeligh,  John  Leydt,  Verbryck, 
Benj.  Du  Bois,  the  younger  Frelinghuj^sens,  and  Martinus  and  Ilenricus-. 
Schoonmaker.  He  was  also  one  of  the  first  trustees  of  Queens  College. 
His  ministj-y  was  exactly  contemporary  with  the  great  dispute  concerning 
HoUandish  or  American  ordination.  When  he  first  settled  on  Long  Island, 
he  gave  great  offence  by  preaching  on  the  text,  "The  unknown  God," 
reflecting  on  the  personal  piety  of  many  of  the  people.  They  in  turn 
started  slanderous  charges  against  him,  which  could  not  be  sustained,  and 
then  started  those  questions  about  the  validity  of  his  ordination.  He  was 
a  man  of  deep  feeling  and  strong  passions,  it  being  said  that  once,  whea 
resistance  was  apprehended  to  his  entering  the  church  at  Hackensack,  ho 
buckled  on  his  sword,  and  thus  accoutred  entered  the  pulpit.  It  must  be 
remembered,  however,  that  it  was  not  unusual  for  even  a  n  inister  to  wear 
a  sword,  sometimes  carrying  it  to  church  and  laying  it  behind  him  in  the. 
pulpit  during  service. 

He  was  below  the  middle  size,  of  a  vigorous  constitution ;  abrupt  in 


100  THE    MINISTRY. 

speech,  but  his  language  was  clear  and  expressive.     He  was  a  man  of  pro- 
found erudition,  a  thorough  Calvinist,  and  an  accomplished  theologian. 

Goetschius,  John  Mauritius,  (brother  of  J.  II.  Goetschius,)  studied  under 
his  brother,  I.  1754,  (see  M.  G.  S.  i.  p.  xcix.,)  Schoharie,  (Ger.  and  Dutch,) 
1758-GO,  Shawangunk  and  New-Paltz,  1760-71,  d. 

He  came  to  America,  in  1744,  as  a  physician,  but  was  persuaded  by  his 
brother  to  jjrepare  for  the  ministry.  lie  preached  to  both  the  Germans  and 
Dutch  successively  in  Schoharie,  and  also  practised  medicine  throughout 
his  ministry.  His  field  of  labor  in  his  latter  charge  extended  over  thirty 
miles.  He  was  large  and  commanding  in  person,  courteous  and  intelligent 
in  his  intercourse  with  othei'S,  and  decided  in  his  opinions.  He  possessed 
various  knowledge,  but  was  of  limited  ability  as  a  preacher. — SeeStitts 
Hist.  Gh.  New-Paltz. 

Goetschius,  John  Mauritius,  studied  under  his  brother,  J.  H.  G.  ?  1.  1775, 
died  soon  ? 

Goetschius,  Stephen,  (s.  of  J.  H.  Goetschius,)  studied  under  his  father,  Liv- 
ingston, Westerlo,  and  Verbryck,  1.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of  Ministers  and 
Elders,  1775  ;  New-Paltz  and  New-Hurley,  1775-96,  (not  ordained  till 
June,  1777,)  Marbletown  and  Shokan,  1796-1814,  Saddle  River  and  Pas- 
cack,  1814-35,  d.  1837. 

He  was  instrumental  in  healing  the  breach  at  New-Paltz  which  the  ques- 
tions about  American  ordination  had  caused.  His  ministry  during  and 
immediately  after  the  Revolution  did  not  show  much  spiritual  fruit,  owing 
greatly  to  the  spirit  of  the  times.  He  was  small  of  stature  and  somewhat 
bent  in  form.  He  was  sharp  and  fearless  in  his  denunciation  of  sin.  After 
the  war,  he  organized  no  less  than  nine  churches  in  Ulster  Count3\ 

Possessed  of  a  vigorous  constitution,  when  over  eighty  years  of  age  he 
could  yet  ride  on  horseback  between  his  two  charges.  He  never  became 
well  skilled  in  the  English  language.  He  loved  to  preach  in  Dutch.  He 
was  a  man  of  deep  thought,  holding  strongly  to  the  Calvinistic  doctrines, 
and  dwelling  much  on  experimental  religion,  election,  particular  atonement, 
depravity,  regeneration,  and  final  perseverance. — J.  M. 

Goetschius,  Stephen  Z.  b.  1795,  at  New-Paltz,  (s.  of  Stephen  Goetschius,) 
studied  under  Froeligh,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1819  ;  Miss,  at  Manheim,  1822, 
seceded,  1823,  Danube  and  Osquak,  1823-4,  susi^eiuled.  (Report  Miss.  Soc. 
1828,  p.  8.)  Reentered  R.D.C.  ?  about  1828  ?  Canastota,  S.S.  1836-7, 
now  in  the  West. 

Gordon,  William  R.  N.Y.U.  1834,  N.B.S.  1837,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1837;  North- 
Hempstead,  Jan.  1838-4.3,  Flushing,  1843^9,  Houston  St.  N.Y.C.  1849 
-58,  Schraalenburgh,  1858 — 

iGosman,  John,  b.  1784  in  N.Y.C.  C.C.  1801,  studied  under  Mason  and 
Pi-oudfit,  1.  Presbyt.  of  Washington,  1804;  (supplied  Lansingburgh  and 
.other  chs.  1804-8,)  Kingston  and  Hurley,  1808-11,  Kingston,  1811-35, 


-r'>''>,-,^,tir.-^J" 


^ 


^;^^^^!^^e.^^ 


THE   MINISTRY.  101 

Philailelphia,  2(1,  (8th  St.)  1835-G,  Westerlo,  S.S.  183G-8,  (Port  Byron, 
Presbyt.  1838-41,)  supplied  Coeymans  and  New-Baltimore,  1841-2,  Hud- 
son, 1842-53,  Flatbush,  Ulster  Co.  1854-9,  d.  18G5. 

For  the  benefit  of  his  health,  the  first  four  years  of  his  ministry  were 
spent  in  itineratinc:.  lie  was  among  the  most  artless  of  men,  and  transpa- 
rent in  his  beautiful  simplicity  of  character.  Having  nothing  to  conceal, 
and  no  by-ends  of  his  own  to  serve,  he  was  under  no  temptation  to  assume 
disguises.  To  his  generous,  child-like  nature,  nothing  was  more  alien  or 
distasteful  than  the  schemes  of  a  selfish  ambition,  or  the  manojuvres  inci- 
dent thereto.  x\nd  this  guileless  candor  and  disinterested  openness  of  soul 
was  one  reason  of  the  strong  hold  which  he  acquired,  and  never  lost,  on  the 
love  and  confidence  of  his  fellow-men. 

He  also  possessed  a  most  genial,  social  disposition.  Fond  of  books,  he 
was  not  a  recluse.  Few  men  delighted  more  in  the  converse  of  friends,  or 
were  more  sought  after,  on  all  occasions  of  joy  and  of  sorrow.  In  the  house 
of  feasting,  a  fine,  perennial  vivacity,  lighting  up  into  a  cheerful  glow  the 
mingled  dignity  and  cordial  affability  of  his  address,  together  with  a  wit 
ever  ready  and  pointed,  but,  at  the  same  time,  unfailing  in  its  benignant 
kindliness,  made  him,  indeed,  a  welcome  guest ;  while  his  quick,  gushing 
sympathies,  gentle  bearing,  tender  tones,  and  deep,  experimental  acquaint- 
ance with  all  the  sources  of  consolation  in  the  Gospel  and  at  the  mercy-seat, 
made  his  presence  even  more  a  delight  in  the  chambers  of  sickness  and 
death. 

His  labors  also  were  abundant.  Besides  those  connected  with  a  large 
and  growing  charge,  he  was  at  all  times  the  generous  helper  of  his  brethren, 
and  was  equally  prompt  in  responding  to  the  ever-recurring  appeals  for  his 
services,  on  occasions  of  special  public  interest,  throughout  the  county. 
He  dedicated  more  than  twenty  churches.  He  held  a  species  of  voluntary 
episcopate  in  Ulster  County,  such  as  none  could  well  object  to — an  episco- 
pate of  brotherly  kindness  and  helpfulness — one  as  freely  accorded  to  his 
personal  qualities  andprofessional  distinction,  as  it  was  ever  exercised  by 
him  in  the  spirit  of  wisdom.  In  the  treatment  of  his  texts,  he  was  alwaj's 
full  and  instructive,  abundant  in  illustration,  and  with  language  drawn  from 
the  purest  "  wells  of  English  undefiled."  His  delicate  taste — correct,  too, 
as  it  was  delicate — with  his  intimate  knowledge  of 'our  standard  authors, 
gave  to  the  language  he  used  a  charm  of  simplicity  which,  like  the  sparkle 
of  a  gem,  attracted  the  notice  of  the  least  cultivated,  as  well  as  of  the  edu- 
cated portions  of  his  hearers.  A  remarkably  retentive  memory,  too,  which 
enabled  him  to  summon,  at  his  command,  the  choicest  thoughts  and  phrases 
of  his  favorite  authors  in  both  poetry  and  prose,  gave  often  to  his  own  fer- 
vent discourse  the  power  derived  from  association,  and  imparted  to  it  a  ray 
of  light  to  bring  out  in  fuller  measure  its  own  inherent  strength  and  beaut3\ 
In  aptness  of  quotation  and  of  allusion  to  incidents  bearing  on  his  subject, 
in  either  sacred  or  profane  history,  he  had  few  equals.  He  was,  therefore, 
a  popular  preacher.  Yet,  from  his  modesty  and  unobtrusive  habits,  his 
reputation  as  a  pulpit  orator  was  confined  chiefly  to  his  own  denomination. 


102  TIIK    MINISTEY. 

He  possessed  peculiai*  unction  in  prayer.  Whether  at  the  family  altar 
or  in  the  pulpit,  by  his  fervor  and  earnestness,  in  language  glowing  with 
the  poetry  of  the  Psalmist,  and  bright  with  the  beauty  of  holiness,  ever 
most  appropriate  to  the  occasion,  he  seemed  almost  at  times  to  carry  the 
souls  of  his  hearers  with  his  own  up  to  and  through  the  very  gates  of  heaven. 

He  was  unusually  successful  in  raising  money  for  benevolent  societies  or 
purposes.  Principally  instrumental  in  organizing  the  Ulster  County  Bible 
Society,  it  became,  through  his  efforts,  one  of  the  most  flourishing  and  libe- 
ral. For  our  seminary  and  college  at  New-Brunswick  he  has  made  his 
tours  among  the  churches,  and  brought  in  large  and  unexpected  offerings. — 
From  Memorial. 

Gramm,  Gustavus  E.  Gym.  of  Halle,  Prus.  1844,  tutor,  1844-56,  1.  CI. 
Maryland,  (G.R.)  1857;  (Baltimore,  5th,  G.R.  1856-9,  Bethlehem's  Ch. 
of  Philadelphia,1859-61,)  Philadelphia,  4th,  1862-7,  w.  c. 

Grant,  Henry  J.     B.C.  1865,  N.B.S.  1868,  1.  CI 1868. 

Grasmeer,  Wilhelmus,   (son-in-law  of  J.   Megapolensis,)  Rensselaerwyck, 

1651-2,  returned  to  Holland. 

In  1650,  Megapolensis  was  the  only  minister  from  Holland  in  America, 
and  it  was  diflficult  to  obtain  any  more.  In  April,  1650,  of  his  own  accord, 
apparently,  Grasmeer  sailed  for  America,  he  being,  at  the  time,  under  censure 
by  the  Classis  of  Alckmaer.  His  unauthorized  departure  was  considered 
disorderly,  and  the  Consistory  of  New-Amsterdam  M'as  warned  against  him, 
and  forbidden  to  allow  him  to  officiate.  He  soon  proceeded  to  Rensselaer- 
wycl\,  where  they  had  never  yet  had  a  minister,  and  was  welcomed  by  the 
people.  Hereupon  he  was  suspended  from  the  ministry  by  the  Classis  of 
Alckmaer.  Yet  he  continued  to  preach  with  acceptance  for  some  time,  and 
the  people  were  glad  of  his  services.  In  July,  1651,  he  accompanied  Stuy- 
vesant  on  his  expedition  to  the  South  River,  and  in  Feb.  1652,  returned  to 
Holland,  with  warm  testimonials  from  the  people  of  both  New-Amsterdam 
and  Rensselaerwyck,  asking  that  he  might  be  properly  qualified  to  return. 
This  was  refused. 

Gray,  Andrew,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  R.D.  Chs.  1790; 
Pouglikeepsie,  1790-3,  Miss,  to  the  Susquehanna  Region,  (Hanover,) 
1793-..,  Danville,  Angelica,  and  Sharon,  1804-10,  Miss,  to  Tuscarora, 
1810-14.  He  was  driven  from  his  home  by  the  British,  in  the  vrar,  and 
his  books  and  property  destroyed;  d.  1819.  Mints.  CI.  N.B.  ii.  33,  54, 
72,  77,  104,  etc. 

Gra}^,  John,  b.  at  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  1792,  educated,  and  ordained  in  Scot- 
land, about  1815,  [Miss,  in  Russian  Tartary,  1818-25,  Dom.  Miss,  in  Eng- 
land, 1825-33,]  c.  to  America,  1833;  Fallsburgh,  (Woodbourne,)  1833-5, 
Schodack,  1835-46,  Cohoes,  1847-8,  Ghent  1st,  1848-55,  Cicero,  1856-7, 
d.  1865. 
He  was  of  the  Scotch  Covenanters,  and  was  in  early  life  bereft  of  a  father's 


^3^^ 


THE   AriNISTRY.  103 

care.  Though  the  youngest  brother,  he  became  the  religious  instructor  of 
the  household,  and  led  at  the  family  altar.  By  his  own  industry,  he  sought 
to  buy  a  Bible,  then  a  costly  book.  He  afterward  wrote  Little  Johnny  and 
Ills  Bihic,  a  book  which  has  been  widely  circulated.  This  Bible  led  him 
to  desire  to  preach  the  Gospel.  The  boy-preacher  was  ordained  as  a  min- 
ister. He  oflered  himself  as  a  foreign  missionary  to  the  Presbyterian 
Church.  This  was  at  the  beginning  of  the  present  century,  when  foreign 
missions  were  yet  an  experiment.  The  mighty  march  of  evangelical  hosts 
for  the  conquest  of  the  world  had  not  then  yet  taken  on  its  present  majes- 
tic and  attractive  character.  With  a  wife  of  rare  intellectual  and  religious 
attainments,  he  went  to  TartarJ^  There  he  lost  his  wife  in  an  epidemic, 
and  he  was  left,  with  four  little  children,  a  thousand  miles  beyond  the  con- 
fines of  civilization.  lie  had  labored  here  seven  years.  lie  now  resolved 
to  return  home.  He  carried  his  familj'-  by  carts,  during  a  journey  of  six 
weeks,  till  he  reached  public  conveyances.  (One  of  these  is  now  John  A. 
Gray,  the  celebrated  printer,  of  New-York.)  After  employ  in  the  Home 
Missionary  Society  for  a  while,  he  came  to  America.  lie  was  a  frequent 
contributor  to  several  religious  periodicals,  and  wrote  a  number  of  tracts. 
His  whole  aim  seemed  to  be  to  set  forth  Christ.  He  read,  studied,  thought, 
and  reflected — but  all  that  he  might  commend  the  excellency  of  the  Gospel. 
He  was  a  very  earnest  expositor.  He  was  a  thorough  analyzer,  and  con- 
trived to  make  points,  ilany  of  his  expressions  were  of  such  a  kind  as  to 
infix  themselves  in  the  memory.  Herein  lay  his  strength.  lie  was  neither 
•an  elocutionist  nor  a  rhetorician,  but  his  short,  sharp,  and  decisive  sen- 
tences rung  with  the  best  Gospel  sounds.  Tender  yet  bold,  self-forgetful 
yet  urgent,  preaching  was  with  him  a  right-down  earnest  tugging  to  get  his 
hearers  up  to  the  cross.  His  friendships  were  steady,  and  he  literally  luxu- 
riated in  them. 

Gray,  William,  Tyre,  1839-46. 

Gkegouy,  Oscak  H.  Am.  Col.  1828,  N.B.S.  1831,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1831 ;  Far- 
merville,  1831-8,  Gibbonsville,  (West-Troy,)  1838— 

Gregory,  Thos.  B.  c.  from  England,  1833,  1.  Presbyt.  of  Onondaga,  1833 ; 
Canastota,  S.S.  1834-5,  Prattsville,  1836-40,  Oyster  Bay,  1841-4,  Gra- 
hamville,  1844^8,  Miss,  at  Hoboken,  1850-4,  Huguenots,  S.I.  1855-CO, 
w.  c. 

Gross,  John  Daniel,  [Northampton,  Allentown,  Egypt,  Jordan,  and  Schlos- 
ser's  Church,  176.-70,  Saucon  and  Springfield,  1770-3,]  Kingston,  Ger. 
1773-1783  (?),  Ger.  Ref.  N.Y.C.  1783-1787  (?),  Prof.  Moral  Philosophy  in 
Columbia  College,  1787-95,  (Canajoharie,  1795-. .  ?) 

He  removed  to  New-York  on  account  of  want  of  love,  stubborn  conduct, 
neglect  to  attend  worship,  and  non-payment  of  salary,  of  his  churches  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  man  of  considerable  learning,  and  published  a 
work  on  Moral  Philosophy. — Harlaurjli' is  Lives. 


104:  THE   MINISTRY. 

[Gueting,  Geo.  Adam,  b.  17-41,  Antietam,  Md.  1772-1804,  expelled  from 
Coetus.  He  had  labored  with  the  United  Brethren  before,  and  continued 
with  them  afterward;  d.  1812.] 

[Guldin, ,  c.  to  America  from  Switzerland,  1761.  Preached  in  Penn- 
sylvania.] 

Guldin,  John  C.  (great-grandson  of  Guldin, ,)  b.  in  Bucks  Co.  Pa. 

1799,  studied  theology  under  Herman,  lie.  1820 ;  (?)  (Chester  and  Mont- 
gomery Cos.  Pa.  1820^1,  Franklin  Co.  Pa.  1841-2,)  N.Y.C.  Ger.  Evang. 
Miss.  1842-63,  d.  Also  General  Missionary  to  the  Germans  in  N.Y.C. 
1842-52. 

He  was  the  Apostle  of  the  Germans,  for  many  years.  The  master  of 
two  languages,  he  was  the  chief  link  between  the  American  and  German 
elements,  in  the  American  church.  While  ministering  in  the  German 
churches  in  Pennsylvania,  he  experienced  a  great  change,  acquiring  new 
views  of  true  religion,  or  at  least  having  a  slumbering  piety  quickened.  He 
became,  henceforth,  indefatigable  in  his  labors,  and  with  tears  implored 
men  to  seek  Christ.  He  had  great  revivals.  He  moulded  the  religious 
character  of  his  churches,  especiall}''  in  Pennsylvania,  where  the  population 
was  not  transient.  Yet  he  met  with  bitter  opposition.  The  church  doors 
were  sometimes  closed  against  him.  Then  he  would  preach  the  pure  Gos- 
pel of  Christ  from  the  stone  steps  ;  with  a  joyous,  childlike  M'elcome,  he 
greeted  old  and  young  who  expressed  a  hope  in  Christ.  In  dealing  with 
opponents  to  the  Gospel,  he  was  perfectly  fearless  ;  when  deciding  on  the 
mode  of  preaching,  whether  to  adopt  the  metaphysical  style  of  answering 
error,  or  of  directly  preaching  Christ,  he  chose  unhesitatingly  the  latter. 
Hence  his  large  success. 

In  New-York  his  labors  were  Herculean.  Besides  the  charge  of  a  con- 
gregation, he  was  for  ten  years  General  Missionary  to  all  the  Germans, 
superintended  the  issue  of  German  publications  in  the  Tract  Society,  and 
was  the  general  counsellor  and  patrisirch  of  all  those  of  his  own  nationality 
who  came  to  our  shores.  He  also  was  the  principal  agent  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  German  Hymn  Book,  since  adopted  by  the  Presbyterians  for 
their  German  churches. 

He  was  greatly  grieved  at  the  defection  in  the  German  church  which 
began  to  show  itself  about  1845.  He  labored  diligently  to  show  them 
their  departure  from  the  Reformed  faith.  But  his  failures  in  this  direction, 
became  a  powerful  reason  for  us  to  extend  our  organizations  among  the 
Germans.  Our  common  standards  made  us  the  natural  friends  of  the  Ger- 
man immigrants.  A  new  field  was  opened  up  to  our  Domestic  Missionary 
Board,  and  in  which  Brother  Guldin  became  peculiarly  useful  and  active ; 
nothing  in  this  direction  was  done  without  his  counsel  and  advice. 

He  delighted  to  preach  the  Gospel ;  his  sermons  were  the  outpourings  of 
a  heart  that  had  a  rich  experience  of  the  Saviour's  love.  His  language  was 
chaste,  simple,  artless,  and  earnest ;  seeking  not  the  garniture  of  rhetoric, 
yet  unsloven  in  style,  he  stood  before  his  people  a  weeping  prophet,  feeling 


THE    MINISTRY.  105 

like  Paul,  "  I  travail  in  birth,  till  Christ  be  formed  within  you."  His 
prayers  were  all  heart,  which  could  not  let  the  Master  go.  He  was  a  friend 
to  every  body.  Even  the  children  of  his  charge,  when  seeing  him  pass 
along  the  street,  would  catch  his  hand,  or  pull  his  coat,  to  win  one  of  his 
smiles.  lie  was  also  the  agent  of  bringing  many  young  men  into  the  min- 
istry.— See  Memorial  Sermon  hij  I.  F . 

Gulick,  Alex.  From  Prcsbyt.  of  Miami,  1847  ;  Woodstock  and  S.S.  West- 
Ilurlcy,  1847-54,  West-IIurley  1854-59. 

Gulick,  Albert  V.  R.C.  1857,  N.B.S.  1860,  1.  Cl.  N.B.  18G0  ;  Jerusalem 
and  Union,  1860-4,  Jerusalem,  1864-5,  Spring  Lake,  1865— 

Gulick,  Uriah  D.     R.C.  1859,  N.B.S.  1862, 1.  Cl.  N.B.  1862  ;  Pekin,  1862— 

Gunn,  Alexander,  b.  1785,  C.C.  1805,  studied  under  Dr.  Kollock,  of  Prince- 
ton, and  Dr.  Rodgcrs,  of  N.Y.C.,  lie.  byPresbyt.  N.Y.  1809;  Blooming- 
dale,  1809-29,  d. 

He  was  led  to  enter  the  Reformed  Church,  (though  brought  up  in  the 
Presbyterian,)  that  he  might  be  settled  near  his  widowed  mother,  and 
Bloomingdale  remained  his  only  charge,  for  the  twenty-one  years  of  his 
ministry.  He  possessed  an  ease  and  dignity  in  his  manners  which  in 
England  would  have  secured  for  them  the  appellation  of  Chesterfieldian. 
He  respected  himself,  and  also  respected  the  feelings  and  opinions  of 
others ;  so  that  he  secured  universal  esteem,  and  deservedly  acquired,  in 
the  best  sense  of  the  term,  the  character  of  a  perfect  gentleman.  He  was 
also  a  man  of  great  prudence,  never  saying  or  doing  any  thing  rashly,  nor 
could  his  enemies  construe  any  part  of  his  conduct  to  his  own  moral  injury, 
or  that  of  the  cause  of  religion.     He  was  also  a  successful  peace-maker. 

His  talents  as  a  writer  and  preacher  were  also  of  a  very  high  order.  He 
possessed  an  original  and  lively  imagination,  which  threw  around  the  pro- 
ductions of  his  well-furnished  and  highly  cultivated  mind  a  charm  that 
fixed  the  attention  and  commanded  the  respect  and  admiration  of  his 
hearers  and  the  readers  of  his  works.  He  was  among  the  best  and  most 
popular  preachers  in  New-York.  He  also  held  a  powerful  pen  in  the  de- 
partment of  theological  controvers3^  The  facility,  ability,  and  taste  which 
marked  his  writings  secured  for  him  an  imperishable  honor — that  of  being 
selected  by  the  General  Synod  as  the  individual  best  qualified  to  write  the 
biography  of  their  distinguished  professor,  Livingston.  He  performed  the 
task  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  Synod. 

His  piety  was  unfeigned.  From  the  time  of  his  father's  death,  at  the  early 
age  of  thirteen,  he  conducted  family  worship.  His  early  impressions  grew 
stronger  with  increasing  years.  In  his  last  sickness  the  Lord  tested  his 
faith,  so  that  he  exclaimed  to  a  friend,  "  The  Lord  is  trying  me  in  deep 
waters,"  but  he  also  granted  him  a  joyous  and  glorious  deliverance.  His 
last  words  were,  "Lord  Jesus,  receive  my  spirit." 

Hadson,  Warnerus,  ordained  for  New  Aamstel,  1662,  but  died  on  the  pas- 
sage over,  1664. 


106  THE    MINISTRY. 

Haeghoort,  Gerardus,  c.  to  America,  (N.Y.)  1731 ;  Freehold  and  Middle- 
town,  N.J,  1731-5,  Second  River,  (Belleville,)  1735-76,  d.  1783  ? 
He  was  sent  over  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  in  answer  to  a  call  of  the 
Church  of  Freehold  and  Middletown,  after  the  resignation  of  Do.  Morgan. 
He  was  a  man  of  great  respectability  as  a  preacher,  and  enjoyed  the  confi- 
dence and  respect  of  his  people.  After  serving  in  Monmouth  City,  for  four 
or  five  years,  he  was  induced  by  the  influence  of  Col.  John  Schuyler,  to 
remove  to  Belleville.  His  consistory  expressed  their  heartfelt  sorrow,  on 
their  minutes,  that  they  were  so  soon  deprived  of  his  faithful  services,  and 
their  wishes  that  God  would  bless  his  labors  among  the  people  at  Second 
River,  no  less  than  he  had  blessed  them  here,  and  that  he  might  there  find 
himself  no  less  beloved,  to  the  honor  of  God's  great  name,  and  to  Ms  oion 
satisfaction. 

Hence  it  is  thought  that  he  was  perhaps  ambitious  in  so  soon  leaving  for 
a  more  eligible  field.  But  the  circumstances  of  the  Church  of  Belleville  were 
peculiar.  For  valuable  gifts,  and  assistance  to  the  church,  the  consistory 
had  bound  themselves  on  certain  conditions  to  allow  John  Schuyler  to 
have  a  vote  with  the  consistor}^,  in  calling  any  minister,  and  also  to  sign 
the  call.  Thus  a  right  of  patronage  vested  in  the  Schuyler  family.  But, 
about  1753,  Mr.  H.  made  a  remark  which  greatly  offended  Mr.  Schuyler. 
He  now  attempted  to  convoke  the  congregation  without  the  consent  of  con- 
sistory. This  offended  the  consistory,  Mr.  S.  became  an  Episcopalian,  and 
went  to  the  expense  of  having  the  Common  Book  of  Prayer,  rendered  into 
Dutch,  and  had  an  Episcopalian  minister  come  and  preach  in  the  church. 
The  consistory  at  length  refused  this  privilege,  but  after  a  while  in  someway 
the  church  was  for  a  time  closed  against  Mr.  Haeghoort,  who  preached  on  the 
steps.  His  salary  was  also  for  a  while  withheld.  At  first  his  ministry  was 
blessed  with  converts,  but  during  the  troubles  very  few  were  added  to  the 
church.  He  was  a  conservative  member  of  Coetus,  and  was  appointed  to 
draw  up  the  system  of  rules  for  the  government  of  that  body.  In  1751,  he 
protested  against  Coetus,  because  it  gave  redress  to  a  church  and  not  to  a 
minister  ;  because  it  had  an  extraordinary  clerk,  and  because  it  had  never 
been  fully  indorsed  by  Classis !  Some  personal  pique  is  evident.  He 
joine€  the  Conferentie  when  they  organized,  but  not  liking  some  of  their 
proceedings,  in  1760  he  unceremoniously  left  them.  He  never  signed  the 
articles  of  union,  and  though  he  ministered  at  Belleville  till  1776,  he  seems 
to  have  held  himself  aloof  from  all  ecclesiastical  bodies. — See  Taylorh 
Annals  of  Classis  of  Bergen. 

Haeselbarth,  Wm.  G.  I.  CI.  Paramus,  1856,  w.  c. — 

Hagamen,  a.  J.  R.C.  1860,  N.B.S.  1863,  1.  CI.  Raritan  1863  ;    Hagerman's 

Mills,  1863— 

Hagamen,  Chas.  S.  R.C.  1837,  P.S.  1842, 1.  CI.  N.B.  1842  ;  Nyack,  1843-52, 
Poughkeepsie  2d,  1852— 

Hagar,  Hendrick,  East  and  West  Camp,  and  Schoharie,  1711-17. . 


THE    MINISTRY.  lOlT 

[Tlager,  John  Frederick,  officiated  at  the  marriage  of  Rev.  Conrad  Weiser, 
in  Schoharie,  Nov  22,  \*120.]—IIarl(ntg1Cs  Lives,  ii.  373. 

Ilaliday,  Thos.  U.C.  1822,  studied  under  Livingston,  1.  1806,  Presbyt. 

Hall,  Baynard  R.  b.  in  Philadelphia,  1798,  U.C.  1820,  P.S.  1823;  Bloom- 

ington,  lud.  and  Prof,  in  University  of  Indiana,  1823-..,  Bedford,   Pa. 

. . .  .Teacher  successively  in  Trenton,  Poughkecpsie,  Newburgh,  Brooklyn, 

18.  .-Ifi,  enters  R.D.C.  w.  c.  d.  18G3. 

His  father  was  a  surgeon,  and  connected  with  Gen.  "Washington's  staff. 
He  was  left  an  orphan  at  the  early  age  of  three  or  four.  His  father  left  him 
a  large  fortune,  but,  through  some  mismanagement,  he  never  came  into 
the  possession  of  any  of  it.  Large  tracts  in  Pensylvania  and  South-Carolina 
are  yet  known  as  the  "Hall  claim." 

The  celebrated  Dr.  Rush  of  Philadelphia,  was  his  guardian,  and  did  his 
utmost  for  his  youthful  charge.  Great  attention  was  paid  to  his  early  edu- 
cation, in  the  hope  of  his  making  an  eminent  lawyer  ;  but  with  his  conver- 
sion his  heart  was  turned  to  the  ministry.  He  frequently  held  high  and 
important  positions  as  teacher.  During  his  latter  years,  with  much  of  the 
spirit  of  his  Master,  he  had  been  preaching  the  Gospel  to  the  poor,  in 
Brooklyn.     These  shed  tears  of  sorrow  over  his  lifeless  remains. 

Dr.  Hall  had  ability,  as  an  author  and  a  scholar,  of  the  first  rank.  One 
of  the  professors  of  Princeton  remarked  at  his  graduation,  "Young  Hall  in 
ten  or  twelve  years  is  likely  to  be  at  the  head  of  one  of  the  first  institutions 
of  learning  in  our  country."  He'has  written  several  works  which  have 
marked  him  as  a  correct  scholar,  a  master  of  "all  styles,"  and  a  vigorous 
thinker.  His  talents  received  some  of  the  most  flattering  commendations. 
His  Latin  Grammar,  published  when  thirty  years  of  age,  ranked  him  among 
the  first  classical  scholars.  The  New  Purchase;  or,  Seven  Years  in  the 
West,  was  very  popular  when  published,  and  the  author  was  said  to  be,  in 
a  British  review,  "  a  master  of  all  styles."  Several  later  works  from  his 
pen  are_^ characterized  by  a  liice  scholarly  merit. 

He  was  distinguished  not  only  for  high  intellectual  culture  and  refinement) 
but  by  delightful  conversational  powers,  to  which  an  incessant  current  of 
humor  lent  animation  and  brilliancy,  and  to  which  the  cordial  kindness  of 
his  nature  gave  geniality.  His  life,  influenced  by  the  strongest  religious 
convictions  as  well  as  by  inherent  charity,  was  spent  in  labors  of  benefi- 
cence, which  were  only  interrupted  by  a  final  illness. — J.  L.  F. 

Hall,  David  B.  U.C  1839,  P.S.  1842, 1.  Pawlett  Assoc.  Vt.,  1841 ;  (Middle 
Granville,  1842-5,)  Columbia,  S.S.  1845-50,  Cleveland,  1850-3,  New- 
Rhinebeck,  S.S.  and  Cobleskill,  1853-5,  Princetown,  1855-63,  Prince- 
town,  again,  1865 — 

Hall  John  G.     Fort  Plain,  1858-63. 

Hallow  AY,  William  W.  R.C.  1839,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  Ci.  Philadelphia,  1842  ; 
Amity,  1843-49,  Albany  8d,  1849-53,  Miss.  North-Brooklyn,  1853-55, 


108  THE    MINISTRY. 

now  Lee  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  1855-59,  Flushing,  1859-65,  Broadway  Ch. 
Paterson,  1865— 

Halloway,  William  W.,  Jr.   E.G.  1864,  N.B.S.  1867, 1.  N.  CI.  L.I.  1867 ; 
Belleville,  1867— 

Halsey,  Abram  0.,  b.  1798,  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  1829-67,  d. 

He  was  a  man  of  childlike  spirit,  esteeming  others  better  than  himself. 
He  was  diffident  about  preaching  before  other  ministers,  yet  he  had  ex- 
cellent gifts.  He  was  unsuspicious.  While  mighty  to  wield  the  weapons 
of  war  against  Christ's  enemies,  it  was  a  fault  that  he  knew  not  how  to 
defend  himself.  He  was  also  a  man  of  catholic  spirit.  He  had  no  war  with 
other  sects.  With  well-settled  views  of  his  own,  he  cared  not  to  dispute. 
His  charitableness  was  unbounded.  He  was  the  highest  style  of  an  old 
school  Christian  gentleman.  His  sympathies  were  also  remarkable.  He 
had  a  way  of  talking  to  the  afflicted,  of  addressing  a  little  child,  of  listening 
to  a  story  of  distress,  that  few  equal,  and  his  prayers  were  possessed  of 
peculiar  unction.  He  was  eminent  as  a  preacher.  New-York  and  Phila- 
delphia sought  his  services  when  in  middle  life,  but  he  remained  in  his  first 
charge.  He  had  great  vigor  of  health,  was  an  athletic  man,  and  a  severe 
student.  When  in  middle  life,  with  full  voice,  and  large  presence,  and 
gleaming  eye,  and  great  thoughts,  as  he  stood  in  his  pulpit,  he  was  over- 
whelming, sometimes  melting  his  congregation  with  the  pity  and  tenderness 
of  the  cross,  and  then  coming  down  like  an  avalanche  of  rock  upon  the 
fortresses  of  darkness.  The  Bible  was  his  great  study,  and  to  illustrate 
and  corroborate  its  truths,  he  delved  into  all  modern  science,  ransacking  and 
rifling  the  astronomical,  geological,  botanic,  and  mineralogical  worlds.  He 
had  great  originality  of  intellect,  and  spoke  literally  extempore.  He  some- 
times talked  in  parables  and  allegories.  There  was  no  hollow  cant,  no 
whining  sentimentality  about  him,  but  a  manly  carriage  of  Christian 
behavior  that  showed  the  world  he  loved  Christ. 

Hamilton,  Wm.  From  Presbyt.  of  Belfast,  Ireland,  1857 ;  New-Prospect, 
1857-63. 

Hammond,   Eben  S.     R.C.   1839,   N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  L.L  1842;   Stone- 
House  Plains,  1842-4,   Gallupville,   1844-52,  Prattsville,   1852-4,  S.S. 
Canajoharie,  1854-6,  Columbia,  185G-8,  seceded^  {Schraaleiiburgh  seces- 
,  sion,    1858-60,   suspended,]   returned;    Miss,  to   Closter   Citj^,   1862-4, 
w.  c. — 

Hammond,  Israel,  N.B.S.  1831 ;  Owasco,  1831-9,  Mt.  Morris,  1842-5,  Gor- 
ham,  1847-50,  emeritus,  1856 — 

Hammond,  John  W.  N.B.S.  1848,  1.  CI.  Ulster,  1848  ;  Shokan,  1848-9, 
Grahamville,  1849-52,  Shokan,  1852-6,  JVIohawk,  1856-9,  Queens,  1859- 
63,  Grahamville  and  S.S.  Upper  Neversink,  1863-7,  Shokan  and  Shanda- 
ken,  1867— 


THE   MINISTRY.  109 

Ilangen,  Jacob  W.  b.  1805;  Columbia  and  Warren,  1830-2,  Mapletown 
and  Ciirrytown,  1832-6,  Mt.  Pleasant,  183G-8,  Upper  Red  Hook,  1838- 
40,  d.  1843. 

IIansex,  Mai'kice  G.  R.C.  185G,  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  New-York,  1859; 
Gravesend,  1859 — 

Hardenbergh,  Chs.  b.  ,  studied  under  Froeligh,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1802 ; 

Warwick,  1804-8,  Bcdminster,  1808-20,  Greenwich,  N.Y.C.  1820-1,  d. 

Hardenbergh,  Jacob  Rutsen,  b.  at  Rosendale,  N.Y.  1738,  studied  under 
J  John  Frelinghuysen,  1.  by  the  American  Classis,  1758  ;  Raritan,  Bed- 

minster,   North-Branch,    (now  Rcadington,)  Ne-Shanic,  and  Millstone, 
(now  Harlingen,)  1758-Gl,  visited  Holland,  1701-3,  Raritan,  Bedniinster, 
and  North-Branch,  1703-81,  ^larblotown,  Rochester,  and  Wawarsing, 
1781-6,  New-Brunswick  and  also  Pres.  of  Queens  College,  1786-90,  d. 
He  was  the  son  of  Colonel  Johannes  Hardenbergh,  an  oflScer  in  the  British 
army,  who  emigrated  to  this  country  from  Holland  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
seventeenth  century.     The  family  held  an  influential  position  in  the  colony 
from  the  earliest  period.     His  literary  education  was  not  so  extensive  as 
might  be  desired,  enjoying  only  the  advantages  of  the  Academy  of  King- 
ston, N.  Y.     No  facts  have  been  preserved  in  regard  to  the  time  or  circum 
stances  of  his  conversion  ;  but  that  he  must  have  devoted  himself  to  the 
work  of  the  Gospel  ministry  in  very  early  life,  is  evident  from  the  fact  that 
he  was  actually  licensed  to  preach  when  only  twenty  years  of  age.     While 
pursuing  his  theological  studies  at  Raritan,  his  preceptor.  Rev.  John  Fre- 
linghuysen, dj'ing  suddenly,  he  was  chosen  his  successor,  and  immediately 
entered  upon  his  labors  in  a  very  wide  and  important  field.     From  his 
first  appearance  in  the  pulpit,   no  doubt  was  entertained  that  he  was 
destined  to  be  one  of  the  distinguished  lights  of  his  profession,  an  expecta- 
tion which  was  abundantly  realized. 

His  ministry  while  connected  •with  his  first  pastoral  charge,  reaching 
through  a  period  of  twenty-three  years,  was  a  remarkable  illustration  of 
his  ability,  energy,  and  conscientious  devotion  to  his  peculiar  work.  He 
was  not  gifted  with  a  strong  physical  constitution,  but  was  sustained  by 
great  firmness  of  purpose  and  a  spirit  of  entire  consecration  to  his  Master. 
He  was  not,  indeed,  blessed  with  any  marked  outpouring  of  the  Spirit  upon 
his  congregations,  and  there  were  no  times  of  large  ingatherings.  But  this, 
no  doubt,  is  accounted  for  by  the  diflBcultics  he  encountered  and  the  adverse 
circumstances  of  the  times.  His  ministry  occupied  the  important  period  of 
the  distracting  controversy  between  the  Coetus  and  Conferentie  parties,  and 
in  his  own  field  of  labor  the  dispute  was  carried  on  with  unusual  violence. 
At  one  time  the  contest  became  so  absorbing  that  the  regular  ministrations 
of  the  Gospel  were  sadly  interrupted.  Mr.  Hardenbergh  warmly  espoused 
the  cause  of  the  evangelical  party,  and  in  connection  with  the  prominent 
ministers  of  the  denomination  exerted  a  powerful  influence  in  accomplish- 
ing the  independent  organization  of  the  Hutch  Church.     During  the  pro- 


110  THE    MINISTRY. 

gress  of  this  controversy  he  made  a  voyage  to  Europe,  for  the  purpose  of 
bringing  over  to  this  country  his  widowed  mother-in-law,  and  he  was  the 
first  minister  ordained  in  America  who  had  visited  Holland.  It  is  gene- 
rally understood  that  while  abroad  he  exerted  a  very  beneficial  influence 
on  behalf  of  his  cause,  and  deserves  much  of  the  credit  of  the  final  adjust- 
ment of  all  diflQculties. 

In  addition  to  this  violent  ecclesiastical  contest,  Mr.  Hardenbergh's  min- 
istry at  Raritan  was  cast  during  the  stormy  period  of  the  Revolutionary 
War.  The  section  of  country  occupied  by  his  congregations  had  its  full 
share  of  sufferings.  At  an  early  period  of  the  conflict,  his  fellow-citizens 
called  him  to  a  seat  in  the  convention  that  formed  the  Constitution  of  New- 
Jersey,  and  for  several  sessions  he  was  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly 
of  the  State.  As  to  his  political  knowledge  and  patriotism,  his  associates 
in  office  testified  their  confidence  by  appointing  him  chairman  of  important 
committees,  and  intrusting  to  him  much  of  the  business  of  legislation. 
From  the  whole  of  his  record  during  the  contest  with  Great  Britain  and 
after  the  restoration  of  peace,  we  must  rank  him  among  the  warmest  friends 
of  liberty. 

His  public  zeal  on  behalf  of  his  country  often  provoked  the  enmity  of  his 
Tory  neighbors,  and  his  life  was  frequently  endangered.  He  often  slept 
M'ith  a  loaded  musket  by  the  side  of  his  bed.  On  one  occasion,  an  expedi- 
tion of  the  Queen's  Rangers,  under  command  of  Colonel  Simcoe,  besides 
accomplishing  their  immediate  object,  fired  the  church  edifice  of  Mr. 
Hardenbergh,  and  burnt  it  to  the  ground.  The  loss  was  severely  felt  by 
the  congregation,  and  was  not  rebuilt  until  some  time  after  the  war  had 
closed.  It  was  not  to  be  expected  that  a  ministry  occupying  a  period  of 
so  great  conflict  would  be  equally  successful  as  if  the  region  had  been  in  a 
state  of  peace.  But  the  services  he  rendered  his  country  were  not  per- 
mitted to  interfere  with  his  duties  to  the  Church.  He  was  not  only  a 
patriot  but  a  Christian  minister,  and  in  this  most  important  sphere  he 
studied  to  make  every  other  consideration  subserve. 

The  trustees  of  Princeton  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  at  the  age  of  thirty-three.  He  took  a  leading  part  in 
the  establishment  of  Queens  College,  and  was  unanimously''  appointed  the 
first  President  of  that  institution.  This  position  he  was  induced  to  accept 
in  connection  with  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in  the  city  of  New-Bruns- 
wick. Although  he  had  labored  with  great  industry  during  the  early  part 
of  his  ministry,  yet  the  amount  of  work  that  he  now  discharged  was  much 
greater  than  at  any  preceding  period.  Besides  acting  as  teacher  in  the 
several  branches  of  study  pursued  in  the  college,  as  a  minister  and  pastor 
he  was  not  excelled.  His  friends  were  often  apprehensive  that  he  was 
tasking  himself  beyond  his  powers  of  endurance,  and  ventured  to  expostu- 
late with  him  on  the  subject ;  but,  realizing  the  importance  of  his  efibrts, 
he  could  not  be  persuaded  to  abandon  the  work  of  the  ministry  nor  leave 
his  post  as  President  of  the  College.     He  gave  early  indications  of  pulmo- 


THE    MINISTRY.  Ill 

nary  disease,  and  finally  fell  a  victim  to  this  affection,  November  2d,  1790.* 
The  closing  scene  was  a  triumph  of  grace.  His  last  words  were,  "  I  am 
going  to  cast  my  crown  before  the  throne.  Now  I  shall  go  to  rest,  for  I 
shall  go  to  be  with  the  Lord.     Ilosanna  !" 

Dr.  Ilardcnbergh  was  naturally  a  man  of  strong  mind  and  of  extensive 
attainments,  and  in  his  day  was  justly  regarded  as  one  of  the  pillars  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Church.  On  four  different  occasions  he  was  chosen 
President  of  General  Synod,  and  he  was  long  regarded  as  second  only  to 
Dr.  Livingston,  with  whom  he  constantly  cooperated  in  all  public  move- 
ments. His  call  to  the  Presidency  of  tlic  College  shows  the  estimation  in 
which  he  was  held  as  a  scholar  and  disciplinarian,  as  well  as  a  divine.  lie 
labored  under  the  disadvantages  of  a  small  endowment,  few  assistants  in 
giving  instruction,  and  the  want  of  proper  facilities  in  the  way  of  library, 
buildings,  and  apparatus.  His  analysis  of  sermons  speaks  for  both  the 
vigor  of  his  intellect  and  the  thoroughness  of  his  theological  education. 

His  pastorate  at  New-Brunswick  was  eminently  successful,  lie  believed 
the  doctrines  of  grace,  and  preached  them  with  vigor  and  perspicuit}'.  I'o 
win  souls  to  Christ  was  his  earnest  desire.  What  he  taught  to  others  he 
reduced  to  practice  in  his  own  life  and  conversation.  At  each  communion 
■season  he  welcomed  numbers  into  the  church,  and  his  entire  ministry 
seems  to  have  been  a  continual  revival,  a  most  blessed  close  to  a  most  useful 
and  laborious  life.  He  was  eloquent  in  the  pulpit,  and  impressed  every 
one  with  his  tone  of  devotional  feeling — a  minister  eminently  beloved  by 
all  who  knew  him.t— i?.  E.  S. 

Hardenbergh,  James  B.      U.C.  1821,  N.B.S.  1824,  1.  by  CI.  N.B.  1824 ; 
Princetown  and  Helderbergh,  1824-5,  New-Brunswick,  1825-9,  Orchard 

*  This  is  correct,  though  differing  from  many  publications,  and  even  from  the  inscription 
on  his  tombstone. 

t  On  his  settlement  at  Karitan,  he  married  the  -nidow  of  Rev.  John  Frclingluiysen,  to 
whose  influence  he  was  indebted  in  no  small  degree  for  his  eminent  usefulness.  The  charac- 
ter which  she  has  left  behind  her,  under  the  familiar  name  of  the  Jufrow  Hardenbergh,  dis- 
tinguished her  as  one  of  the  most  remarkable  women  of  her  day.  Her  maiden  name  was 
Dinah  Van  Berg.  She  was  born  in  Amsterdam,  in  17:25.  Her  father  was  a  wealthy  mer- 
chant, extensively  engaged  in  the  East-India  trade,  who  reared  his  family  in  all  the  fashion 
and  refinement  of  the  metropolis,  but  without  any  instruction  in  religion.  She  became  the 
subject  of  divine  grace  in  early  youth,  and  was  remarkable  for  her  rapid  attainments  in  god- 
liness and  faith.  Her  naturally  strong  intellect  was  developed  by  her  early  education,  and 
she  retained  her  mental  vigor  down  to  old  age. 

She  felt  from  her  early  years  that  she  had  a  work  to  do  in  the  Church.  She  became 
acquainted  with  John  Fxelinghuysen  while  he  was  pursuing  his  theological  studies  in  Am- 
sterdam, and  became  his  wife.  After  her  husband's  early  death,  she  was  on  the  point  of 
embarking  again  for  Holland  with  her  two  children,  when  Mr.  Hardenbergh  made  her  an 
offer  of  marriage,  and  she  became  an  efficient  co-worker  with  him  in  his  important  services 
to  liis  country  and  Church. 

She  was  a  woman  of  great  intelligence,  an  extensive  reader  and  correspondent,  and  her 
influence  was  felt  throughout  the  denomination.  She  kept  an  elaborate  journal,  exhibiting 
great  spirituality  and  intellectual  vigor.  In  the  interval  between  the  services  on  the  Sab- 
bath, she  failed  not  to  improve  the  time  for  religious  conversation.  She  died  at  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  eighty-two,  in  1807.    Tradition  yet  loves  to  dwell  upon  her  virtues. 


112  THE    MINISTRY. 

St.    N.Y.C.   1829-30,    Rhinebeck,    1830-6,    Philadelphia   1st,   1836-40, 
Franklin  St.  now  23d  St.  N.Y.C.  1840-56,  w.  c. 

Raring,  Oarret  A.     L.  hy  Seceders,  1865  ;  Schraaleriburgh,  1868 — 

Harlow,  S.  (Washington  Hollow,  N.Y.)    From  Assoc.  N.Y.  1889  ;  Shokan, 

1839-49,  Samsonville,  1852-8,  emeritus,  d.  1861. 

He  was  a  physician  in  early  life,  and  a  great  friend  of  the  temperance 
cause.  But  his  love  for  souls  would  not  permit  him  to  continue  only  in 
secular  employments,  and  he  sought  the  ministry.  The  prominent  trait  in 
his  character  was  unbounded  love  for  the  Saviour.  He  was  a  man  of  deep 
humility  and  retiring  modesty.  His  sacrifice  of  self  on  all  occasions  was 
carried  to  a  rare  extent.  In  great  suffering  he  was  unwilling  to  make  his 
circumstances  known,  though  his  income  was  altogether  inadequate  to  his 
comfort.  His  labors  in  the  cause  of  Christ  were  faithful  and  earnest,  while 
he  cared  personally  for  nothing  but  the  absolute  necessities  of  life.  The 
pains  which  he  suffered  cannot  be  described,  and  these  continued  almost 
daily  for  many  years  ;  yet  he  continued  to  preach,  though  each  effort  added 
to  his  affliction.  In  his  dying  moment  he  exclaimed,  as  if  in  exultation, 
"  This  is  death  !  death  !" 

Harriman,  Orlando,  C.C.  1835,  N.B.S.  1838,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1838;  Hurley, 
Jan.-July,  1840  ;  became  Episcopalian. 

Harris,  J.  Ferguson,  R.C.  1853,  N.B.S.  1856,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1856;  Cold 
Spring,  1856-7,  Pompton  Plains,  1858-67,  Hurley  and  N.  Marbletown, 

1867— 

Hart,  Charles  E.  C.N.J.  1858,  P.S.  1861, 1.  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1860;  [40th  St. 
Presbyt.  Ch.  N.Y.C.  1863-7,]  Newark,  North,  1867— 

Hartley,  Isaac  S.  N.Y.U.  1852,  1.  by  Andover  Assoc.  18. .  ;  Union  Ch. 
Sixth  Av,  N.Y.C.  1864— 

Hartkauft,  Chester  D.  U.  Pa.  1861,  N.B.S.  1864,  1.  CI.  Phil.  1864; 
South-Bushwick,  1864-6,  New-Brunswick  2d,  1866— 

Hasbrouck,  J.  R.  H.  Studied  under  Froeligh,  1.  1808  ;  Klein,  Esopus,  and 
Bloomingdale,  1809-13,  Charlestown  1st  and  Canajoharie,  (Mapletown 
and  Westerlo?)  1820-6,  Root,  now  Currytown,  1826-30,  w.  c.  1830-44. 

Hastings,  S.  M.  P.  Ham.  C.  1833,  Aub.  Sem.  1837,  1.  Presbyt.  Oneida, 
1837;  Vernon,  N.Y.  1839-48,  Pompey,  1848-55,)  Chittenango,  1855-60, 
Coxsackie,  1800 — 

[Hautz,  Anthony,  b.  in  Germany,  1758,  c.  to  America,  with  his  fiither, 
1768,  studied  with  Hendel,  1.  by  Ger.  Coetus,  1787 ;  Harrisburgh,  etc. 
1788-97,  Carlisle,  1798-1803,  Seneca  Co.  and  Tompkins  Co.  N.Y.  1803- 
13,  Tompkins  Co.  1813-15.] 

Hawthorne,  Hugh,  1835. 

Hayt,  S.  a.     1868,  w.  c. 


THE   MINISTRY.  113 

Hedges,  Hugh  G.     R.C.  1S4G,  N.15.S.  d. 

Heekex,  Exne  J.     II.C.  ISOr,  student  of  theology  at  Ilollaiid,  Mich.  1870. 

IIeeumam'e,  Epc.vk  L.  s.  of  Henry  Ileeninnce,  Y.C.  1858,  A.S.  18G1,  1.  by 
Con.  Ass^c.  New-llaven,  ISOl  ;  Castlclon,  1801  — 

IIeermance,  IIakkisox,  R.C.  1834,  N.B.S.  1837, 1.  CI.  roiighkccpsio,  1837; 
Currytown  and  Maplctown,  1837-40,  (Milton  Presbyt.  1840-3,)  Buskirk's 
liridgc,  1844-5,  Medina,  1840-51,  JelTerson  and  Pottsford,  1851-7,  Macon, 
1857-02,  Chaplain  128th  Reg.  N.Y.V.  1804,  w.  c— 

IIeermance,  Henry,  b.  at  Nassau,  1801,  U.  C,  N.B.S.  182G,  1.  CI.  N.B. 
1820 ;  Oyster  Bay  and  North-Hempstead,  1820-7,  Miss,  at  vStuyvesant, 
1827-8,  Sand  Beach,  March-Nov.  1829,  Blawenbergh,  1832-5,  Kinder- 
book,  1835-6,  died,  1840. 

From  a  child,  he  possessed  strong  character,  activity,  self-dependence,  a 
spirit  of  inquiry  and  experiment,  strong  decision,  and  energetic  action.  He 
was  a  sort  of  ''  regulator"  among  the  turbulent  boys  of  his  day,  a  hammer 
of  the  unruly  ;  and  was  looked  up  to  by  the  weak  and  defenceless  as  a  pat- 
ron and  shield.  Conscious  of  his  strength,  and  proud  of  bearing  swa}^,  he 
never  shrunk  from  any  hazard  to  onaTce  things  right.  A  revival  in  Nassau 
was  the  means  of  giving  a  new  direction  to  his  life.  With  characteristic 
energy  and  zeal,  he  turned  his  back  on  the  world,  and  devoted  himself  to 
the  ministr}^  Domestic  losses  and  afflictions  made  his  early  pastorates 
brief;  and  at  Kinderhook  his  incessant  labors  caused  his  own  robust  health 
to  yield,  compelling  him,  as  he  believed,  to  seek  some  active  employment. 
He  became  at  length  an  agent  of  the  American  Tract  Societj',  and  in  his 
usefulness  here  far  exceeded  the  highest  expectations  formed  respecting 
him. 

He  had  a  comprehensive  and  well-balanced  judgment,  up  to  the  point 
where  feeling  becomes  enlisted,  when  his  honest  ardor  somewhat  blinded 
him  as  to  remote  results.  His  sensibilities  were  unusually  keen,  but  they 
never  prompted  retaliation,  nor  had  they  any  tincture  of  resentment.  His 
energy  was  great,  and  his  purpose  indomitable.  Hence  when  his  sphere  of 
action  was  limited,  and  his  mode  of  action  defined,  as  was  the  case  with  his 
agencies,  his  executive  efficiency  was  of  the  very  highest  order.  As  a 
preacher  he  was  solemn,  affectionate,  earnest,  pungent,  lucid.  His  style 
was  sententious,  and  his  appeals  direct  and  forcible.  His  general  mode  of 
preaching  was  to  arouse  the  conscience,  at  times  producing  the  greatest 
manifestations  of  awe  even  among  Christians,  and  writhings  under  a  sight 
and  sense  of  their  condition  among  sinners.  Yet  he  was  not  deficient  in 
ability  to  depict  the  beauties  of  holiness,  and  the  grace  and  truth  that  came 
by  Jesus  Christ.  He  was  stricken  down  by  apoplexy  in  the  midst  of  his 
days,  just  as  he  was  resolving  and  entering  on  enlarged  plans  of  usefulness. 

[Helffenstcin,  John  C.  A.  b.  in  the  Palatinate,  1748,  University  of  Heidelberg,. 


114  THE   MINISTEY. 

ordained  by  the  Sj-nod  of  Holland,  came  to  America,  1771  ;  Germantown, 
Pa.  1772-G,  Lancaster,  177G-9,  Germantown  again,  1779-89,  died,  1790.] 
The  office  of  the  ministry  has  had  a  succession  in  this  family,  since  the 
time  of  the  Reformation.  John  0.  A.  came  to  America  in  company  with 
Revs.  Mr.  Gebhard  and  Helfferich.  They  called  on  Dr.  J.  H.  Livingston  in 
New-York,  immediately  on  their  arrival.  A  severe  storm  on  the  passage 
over,  had  led  Mr.  IL  to  consecrate  himself  more  entirely  to  the  service  of 
God.  While  settled  at  Lancaster,  he  frequently  preached  to  the  Hessian 
captives  quartered  there.  His  sermons  were  very  pointed,  and  often  caused 
great  excitement.  He  died  of  consumption.  Four  of  his  sons  entered  the 
ministry.  His  grandson,  Jacob,  is  now  the  pastor  of  the  old  church  of  Ger- 
mantown, which  has  recently  become  Presbyterian. 

He  was  an  eloquent,  warm-hearted,  and  pungent  preacher — preaching 
memoriter.  His  applications  were  peculiarly  animated  and  impressive.  His 
ministry  was  greatly  blessed.  Several  small  volumes  of  his  sermons  have 
been  published,  which  testify  to  his  unction,  and  his  solemn  aim  of  reach- 
ing the  conscience  and  the  heart. 

[Helifenstein,  Samuel,  (s.  of  J.  C.  A.  Helffenstein,)  Philadelphia,  G.R.  1801- 
31.] 

[Helfferich,  John  H.  b.  in  Hesse,  1739,  University  of  Heidelberg,  lie.  17G1  ; 
came  to  America,  1771-2;   Kutztown,  De  Lange,  Weisscnberg,   Lovvhill, 
Heidelberg,  1772-1810;  also  at  Long  Swamp,  1778,  Upper  Milford,  1779, 
Trexlerstown,  1784,  Ziegle  Ch.  1778,  and  Lyntown,  1804,  d.  1810.] 
Lehigh  County,  Pa.,  at  the  time  of  his  arrival,  was  in  great  spiritual  de- 
clension. Mr.  Schlatter's  visits  had  not  extended  to  this  region.  Mr.  H.'s  first 
work  was  to  organize  consistories.     His  labors  were  immense.    During  forty 
years  they  had  been  without  regular  instruction,  and  a  worthy  people  had 
degenerated  into  almost  a  semi-civilized  state.     Irregular  and  dissolute  pre- 
tenders had  sometimes  foisted  themselves  upon  them  as  preachers,  whose 
lives  at  length  betrayed  them,  and  disgraced  religion.     From  such  commu- 
nities, it  may  easily  be  understood  that  Mr.  H.,  in  his  reformatory  move- 
ments, met  with  considerable  opposition.     Yet  many  assisted  him  in  his 
efforts,  nor  would  any  of  the  churches  spare  his  services,  though  he  often 
plead  to  be  relieved  from  some  of  them.     Many  of  his  people  had  taken  part; 
in  the  insurrection,  during  President  Adams's  administration,  and  were  in- 
debted to  their  pastor's  influence  for  their  pardon,  or  a  mitigation  of  their 
sentence. 

Mr.  IL  was  punctual  and  prompt,  and  therefore  reliable.  He  was  decid- 
ed but  mild,  combining  in  a  happy  manner  the  authority  and  dignity  of  his 
office  with  gentleness  and  mercy.  He  wrote  his  sermons,  though  he 
preached  without  notes.  His  delivery  was  rapid  but  distinct,  and  he  had 
a  musical  voice.  "With  a  good  education  and  a  warm  heart,  he  was  regard- 
ed as  a  superior  preacher.  A  son  and  several  grandsons  entered  the  min- 
istry.— Earhaugli' s  Lives. 


TIIK    MlNISTJtY.  115 

[Ilendel,  "Win.  b.  in  the  Palatinate,  studied  in  Europe,  c.  to  America,'! 7G4; 

Lancaster,  17Go-0,  Tulpehocken,  1709-82,  Lancaster,  1782-94-,  Pliiladel- 

phia,  1794-8,  d.] 

He  was  of  line  personal  appearance,  and  had  a  strong  voice.  He  was 
earnest  and  devoted  as  a  pastor,  and  of  excellent  pulpit  talents.  In  the 
yellow-fever  epidemic  in  Philadelphia,  he  remained  faithful  at  his  post.  He 
was  of  an  unsectarian  spirit,  and  possessed  considerable  scientific  know- 
ledge. He  is  represented  by  his  students  as  a  man  of  prayer.  Communion 
with  God  was  a  luxury  to  him.  He  would  retire  from  company  for  the  pur- 
pose of  enjoying  it.  Ilarbaugh  calls  him  the  St.  John  of  the  German  Ke- 
formed  Church.  Aged  persons  describe  him  as  he  appeared  in  his  last  years  : 
His  hair  was  long  and  white,  his  countenance  serene  and  heavenly ;  and 
his  whole  appearance  beautifully  venerable  and  saint-like.  And  though  he 
could  scarcely  hold  the  hymn-book  in  his  trembling  hands,  yet  with  true 
unction  from  above,  and  with  holy  earnestness  and  paternal  affection,  did 
the  words  of  life  and  love  fall  from  his  anointed  lips.  lie  possessed  in  an 
extraordinary  degree  the  gift  of  prayer.  Ilis  public  prayers  ahvaj's  melted 
the  hearts  of  the  hearers.  He  seemed  to  bear  their  hearts  into  the  very 
presence  of  God,  so  that  they  were  overwhelmed  with  a  sense  of  his  near- 
ness, and  softened  by  the  power  of  his  mercy  and  love. 

Hendriks,  John,  U.C.  180S,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  CI.  N.Y.  1810. 

[Henkel,  Wm.  Philadeli)hia,  G.R.  1794-8,  d.  of  yellow-fever.] 

[Henop,  Fred  L.  (Easton,  Pa.  1764-69  ?)  Frederick,  Middletown,  and  Glades, 
1709-84.  d.] 

Henry,  James  V.  C.N.J.  1818,  P.S.  1821,  (Ballston  Spa  ;  Mt.  Pleasant, 
N.Y.)  Ithaca,  1840-9,  w.  c.  1847-54,  (Presbyt.  Sing  Sing,  1854- . .) 

Henshaw,  Marshall,  Assoc.  Mass.  18. .  ;  tutor  in  Amherst  Col.  1847-9,  Prof, 
of  Mathematics  in  Rutgers  Col.  1859-63. 

[Herman,  Lebrecht  Frederick,  b.  in  Germany,  1701,  University  of  Halle, 
1782,  Bremen,  1782-5,  c.  to  America,  1785;  Easton,  PlainQeld,  Dryland, 
and  Greenwich,  Pa.  1785-9,  Germantown  and  Frankford,  Pa.  1790-1800, 
Swamp,  Pottstown,  and  St.  Vincent,  Pa.  1800". . . .,  afterward  in  various 
places  in  Chester,  Montgomery,  and  Berks  counties,  Pa.  d.  1848.] 

He  was  the  last  of  the  German  ministers  sent  over  under  the  care  of  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam. 

The  Synod  of  Holland  represents  him  as  a  young  man  of  great  promise. 
He  was  a  most  laborious  worker,  preparing  also  five  of  his  own  sons  for  the 
ministry,  and  eight  others,  among  whom  was  John  Guldin.  He  labored  in 
the  ministry  about  sixty  years,  outliving  all  the  missionaries  sent  over  by 
the  Synod  of  Holland.  In  old  age  he  lost  his  sight,  but  he  maintained  a 
cheerful  spirit,  good  health,  and  an  unshaken  hope. 

Ileyer,  S.  Wm.  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1798,  C.C.  1815,  studied  under  Mason,  1817- 


116  THE    MINISTRY. 

21,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1821  ;  supplied  Philadelphia,  1821,  and  Newburgh, 
1822,  Fisbkill  Landing,  1823-51,  emeritus,  1862,  d.  1866. 
He  designed  to  pursue  the  mercantile  life,  but  he  could  not  get  rid  of  the 
idea  that  he  must  preach  the  Gospel.  He  afterward  learned  that  an  emi- 
nent Christian  lady  had  agonized  in  prayer,  that  he  might  consecrate  him- 
self to  the  ministry.  His  labors  were  not  distinguished  by  extraordinary 
seasons  of  revival,  but  were  blessed  with  constant  accessions  from  the 
world,  so  that  at  one  time  the  number  of  communicants,  in  proportion  to 
the  number  of  families,  was  larger  than  in  any  other  church  in  the  denomi- 
nation. He  had  not  the  qualities  of  the  brilliant  preacher,  but  was  a  scribe 
well  instructed  in  the  things  of  the  kingdom,  not  neglecting  the  gift  that  was 
in  him.  His  sermons  were  preeminently  evangelical,  earnest,  solemn, 
affectionate  in  tone,  and  adapted  to  all  classes.  He  ever  remembered  his 
position,  though  at  all  times  singularly  genial  in  temper,  and  accessible  in 
demeanor.  He  was  in  an  eminent  degree  a  godly  man.  "It  seems  to  me 
that  brother  Heyer  is  always  on  the  mount,"  said  our  missionary  Young- 
blood,  to  a  friend,  after  one  of  his  calls.  "  How  long  do  you  expect  to 
have  your  husband  here  ? "  said  a  lady  to  Mrs.  H.,  on  leaving  a  daily  prayer- 
meeting  in  Newburgh  ;  "  he  seems  so  ripe  for  heaven  that  I  fear  it  cannot 
be  long."  After  the  relinquishment  of  his  charge,  he  preached  as  opportu- 
nity offered,  and  labored  in  the  jail.  His  character  was  a  singularly  well- 
balanced  one.  Except  his  deep-toned  piety,  which  was  alsvays  visible, 
there  was  in  it  no  single  salient  trait.  He  was  so  simple,  straightforward, 
and  natural,  that  his  character  was  soon  obvious.  As  a  man  and  a  minis- 
ter, he  was  ever  loyal  to  conscience.  Whatever  duty  was  imposed  upon 
him,  he  performed  it,  however  painful  it  might  be,  and  it  was  done  kindly, 
tenderly,  yet  with  decision.  He  was  a  man  strong  in  the  faith,  and  also  in 
the  form  of  sound  words.  He  bowed  to  the  authority  of  the  divine  word 
with  the  profoundest  reverence.  He  could  testify  to  the  ineffable  gracious- 
ness  of  the  Gospel,  and  its  power  to  sustain  under  the  keenest  afflictions. 
It  had  not  only  delivered  him  from  the  fear  of  death,  but  created  within 
him  an  eager  desire  to  depart  and  be  with  Christ.  Indeed,  this  was  his  or- 
dinary and  habitual  state  of  mind.  The  day  before  his  death  he  said  to  his 
wife,  "  A  little  more  suffering,  and  then  the  crown  !  I  shall  see  Jesus  !  I 
shall  be  like  him — like  him  !  " 

Heysek,  H.  C.  from  G.R.  Ch.    New-Brooklyn,  186T. 

Hicks,  W.  W.  from  Methodist  Ch.    Lee  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  18G7-8. 

Hillman,  Alex.  C.  C.C.  1832,  N.B.S.  1836,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1836;  Stone- 
house  Plains,  1836^1,  Vanderveer,  1841-2,  Roxbury  and  Moresville, 
1848-5,  Wurtsboro,  1846-9,  Blue  Mountain,  1852-8,  w.c. 

HiMROD,  John  S.  Pt.C.  1839,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1842;  Hills- 
dale, 1842-3,  Claverack  2d,  1845-1851,  S.S.  South-Bushwick,  1851-3, 
South-Bushwick,  1853-9,  Greenport,  1861— 


THE    MINISTRY.  117 

Hitchcock,  Edward  "\V.    Tonipkinsville,  18G0-5. 

[Ilochreutincr,  John  Jacob,  b.  at  St.  Galls,  Switz.  Came  to  America,  1748, 
called  to  Lancaster,  accidentally  killed  by  the  discharge  of  a  gun,  Oct. 
14,  1748.] 

[Hock,  John  Jacob,  Lancaster,  173G-7.] 

Hoes,  John  C.  F.A.C.  1832,  P.S.  1835,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  New-Brunswick. 
1834;  Chittcnango,  1835-7,  Ithaca,  1837-45,  Kingston,  1S45-G7,  re- 
signed, w.  c. 

HofF,  Brogun,  b.  at  Harlingen,  1794,  Q.C.  1815,  N.B.S.   1818,  1.  CI.  N.B. 

1818;    Philadelphia,  2d  (Eighth  st.)  1818-24,  (Bridgcton,  N.J.  Presb. 

1824-33,  Bath,  Pa.  1833-5,)  Leeds  and  Kiskatom,  1835-42,  Rhinebeck, 

1842-50,  Germantown,  N.Y.  1850-5,  d. 

He  was  in  person  a  man  above  medium  size,  compactly  built,  agile  and 
■  strong ;  his  countenance  was  open  and  expressive,  liis  eye  light  blue  and 
very  pleasant,  his  hair  fine  and  a  glossy  brown,  and  in  his  later  days  was 
worn  long.  He  was  of  a  social  turn,  fond  of  his  friends,  and  enjoying  him- 
self greatly  among  them  and  in  his  family,  to  which  he  was  attached  with 
uncommon  tenderness.  He  was  of  excellent  memory  and  quick  apprehen- 
sion, so  that  his  convei'sation  was  sprightly  and  instructive.  He  did  not 
incline  to  literary  pursuits  as  such,  but  was  thoroughly  versed  in  theo- 
logy, and  fond  of  doctrinal  discussion.  In  the  pulpit  his  voice  was  clear, 
strong,  and  well  modulated,  his  position  and  action  manly  and  free,  and  his 
sermons  deeply  scriptural,  experimental,  and  earnest.  In  personal  appeals 
his  manner  and  voice  were  tender,  and  his  eye  almost  always  moistened 
with  tears.  He  inclined  to  strongly  evangelical  and  doctrinal  preaching, 
and  argued  with  great  power  upon  all  the  essential  principles  of  our  faith  ; 
was  fond  of  preaching  courses  of  sermons  upon  the  history  or  chiefly  im- 
portant doctrines  of  redemption.  Seldom  indeed  did  he  preach  upon  any 
other  than  the  most  vital  themes  of  revelation.  He  was  a  student  of  Dr. 
John  H.  Livingston,  whose  granddaughter  Sarah  he  married,  but  lost  her 
by  an  early  death.  His  second  wife  was  Caroline  Clay,  who  survives  him, 
the  beloved  mother  of  a  large  and  interesting  family.  Mr.  HofF  enjoyed, 
commonh',  fine  health.  He  died  of  apoplexy,  at  Germantown,  N.  Y.,  and 
was  there  buried. — J.  D.  B. 

His  father  was  a  quiet,  thoughtful  man,  and  his  mother  an  eminent  and 
devoted  Christian,  whose  earnest  prayer  was,  that  her  youngest  son  might 
preach  the  Gospel.  He  occupied  several  important  positions,  and  had  the 
happiness  of  welcoming  his  father  to  the  communion  of  the  church  at 
Bridgeton,  at  the  age  of  80.  He  was  a  man  fearless,  resolute,  and  deter- 
mined in  the  right.  He  could  not  be  swayed  by  flattery,  nor  intimidated 
by  threats.  He  was  even  stern  and  severe  in  opposition,  when  he  sup- 
posed that  opposition  was  factious  and  unfriendl}'.  But  at  the  same  time 
there  were  few  men  who  were  more  affectionate  in  feeling,  and  more  ready 
for  conciliation,  when  it  was  sought  in  a  sincere  and  brotherly  spirit.     He 


118  THE    MINISTRY.. 

was  an  earnest  preacher  of  the  Gospel,  plain,  bold,  and  solemn ;  a  prudent, 
kind,  and  aflfectionate  pastor,  winning  the  confidence  and  love  of  all.  As  a 
student  he  was  of  fair  acquirements.  He  had  a  good  voice  and  agreeable 
address.  He  had  a  very  tender  heart,  and  often  wept  over  sinners,  as  he 
warned  them  of  their  danger  and  exhorted  them  to  come  to  Christ.  This 
gave  him  much  power  in  the  pulpit. 

HoflFman,  Abraham,  b.  at  Shawangunk,  1780,  studied  under  Froeligh  and 

Livingston,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1808 ;  Courtlandtown,  1808-30,  also  miss,  to 

Wawarsing,  Dec.  1828-Feb.'  29,  Cato,  1831-43,  d.  185G. 

Though  not  a  fluent  speaker,  he  possessed  great  practical  sense,  warm 

sympathies,  and  was  a  good  theologian.     It  was  often  said  by  an  elder  in 

the  church,  "  If  I  had  the  domine's  head,  or  he  had  my  tongue,  we  should 

make  a  stir  in  the  world."     He  gathered  those  attached  to  the  Reformed 

church  in  Cato,  and  united  them  together. — G.  S. 

Holmes,  Edwin,  U.  0.  1822,  N.B.S.,  1827,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie,  1827  ;  Lin- 
lithgo,  1827-35,  Albany  3d,  1835-40,  Athens,  1840-41,  Nassau,  1841- 
51,  Chatham,  1853-9,  supplied  Glenhara,  1860-5,  \v.  c. 

Holmes,  John  McC.  (son  of  Edwin  Holmes)  W.C.  1853,  N.B.S.  1857,  1.  CI. 
of  Rensselaer,  1857;  East-"\Villiamsburgh,  1857-9,  Lee  Avenue,  Brooklyn, 
1859-04,  Hudson,  18G5— 

Hones,  Julius,  from.  Evang.  Miss.  Assoc.  Berlin,  1854;  Jeffersonville,  1854-S, 
S.S.  New-Brunswick  3d,  1858-GO,  w.  c. 

Hopkins,  David,  U.S.  1868,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1868. 

HoRTON,  Francis  A.  R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  1865,  1.  CI.  Hudson,  1865  ;  Glen- 
ham,  1865-7,  Catskill,  1867. 

HouBOLT,  W.  A.  Theolog.  School  of  Kampen,  Netherlands,  1858,  1.  CI. 
Holland,  Mich.  1859;  Grand  Rapids,  1859-60,  Albany,  (Holland  Ch.) 
1861-4,  Muskegon,  1864— 

How,  Samuel  B.  b.  1788,  U.  Pa.  1810,  P.S.  1813,  [Salisbury,  Pa.  1813-15, 
Trenton,  1815-21,  New-Brunswick,  1821-3,  all  Presbyt.  Savannah,  Ga. 
independent  ch.  1823-1827,  Miss,  in  New-York  City,  North  st.  1827-8, 
President  of  Dickinson  Coll.  1830-1.]  New-Brunswick  1st,  1832-61,  d. 
1868. 

He  was  in  all  respects,  whether  in  theologj^,  politics,  or  in  manners,  an 
old-school  man.  He  venerated  the  past,  and  looked  upon  all  change  as  rev- 
olutionary. Circumstances  had  added  to  his  theological  opinions  great 
positiveness.  New -school  doctrines  filled  his  soul  with  abhorrence  and 
alarm.  He  resisted  them  with  all  his  learning  and  with  all  his  might,  even 
to  the  last.  In  sermons,  conversations,  and  articles  for  the  press,  he  warned 
against  them. 

With  regard  to  slavery  he  took  extreme  ground  in  its  defence,  and  in 
1855  published  a  pamphlet,  entitled  Slaveliolding  not  Sinful.     This  was 


TIIK    MINISTRY.  119 

in  connection  witii  the  request  of  the  Classis  of  North-Cai'olina,  of  tlic  Ger- 
man llefonned  Church,  to  be  admitted  to  our  bod}'.  Many  replies  to  their 
request  were  made  on  tlie  floor  of  Synod,  and  a  pamphlet  in  answer  to  Dr. 
IIow  was  published  b}^  Rev.  II.  I).  Gansc. 

In  manners  he  was  the  perfect  gentleman.  His  considerate  and  respect- 
ful demeanor  was  manifest  to  all.  Courtesy  abode  on  his  lips.  He  neg- 
lected none  of  the  delicacies  and  none  of  the  proprieties  of  intercour.se 
which  are  held  in  just  estimation  among  relined  and  polite  people,  lie  was 
gentle  toward  the  poor,  condescending  to  men  of  lotv  estate,  and  always 
guarded  in  his  language  while  contending  for  his  convictions  with  strong 
men  to  whom  he  was  opposed. 

As  a  learned  and  accomplished  theologian  he  stood  among  the  foremost 
men  of  his  age.  His  familiarity  with  the  writings  of  the  great  divines,  pa- 
tristic, media!val,  and  reformed,  enabled  him  to  quote  them  readil}'  on  almost 
any  point  under  discussion.  He  discharged  the  duties  of  the  ministry  with 
singular  zeal,  fidelity,  and  success.  In  every  sense  he  was  a  hard-working 
man.  In  his  study,  pulpit,  and  parish,  he  was  never  slovenly  or  negligent. 
In  both  public  and  private  he  adorned  the  doctrine  of  godliness. 

HuizEXGA,  John  L.  H.O.  1867,  student  of  theology  at  Holland,  Mich.  1870. 

HuLBERT,  Victor  M.  R.C.  1839,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  L.T.  1842  ;  Green- 
ville and  Yonkers,  1842-7,  Flatbush  (Ulster  Co.)  1848-52,  Yonkers, 
1852-G5,  White  Plains,  18G5— 

Hurst,  Geo.  D.     R.C.  18GG,  student  in  N.B.S. 

Hunt,  Christopher,  b.  at  Tarrytown,  18—.    R.C.  1827,  N.B.S.  1830,  1.  CI. 

N.Y.   1830;  Clarkstown,   1830-2,  Nassau,  1832-7,  N.Y.C.  Franklin  st. 

1837-9,  d. 

He  was  early  left  an  orphan,  and  found  a  home  in  an  orphan  asylum. 
Here  he  was  under  the  influence  of  Christian  friends,  who  forgot  not  his 
spiritual  necessities.  He  was  a  man  of  lovely  spirit,  and  a  faithful  laborer 
in  the  vinej'ard.  He  lived  a  blameless  life,  and  his  churches  were  warmly 
attached  to  him.  He  was  deeply  interested  in  whatever  related  to  the  in- 
terests of  the  Redeemer's  kingdom.  His  preaching  was  with  a  warmth  and 
energy  which  reached  the  heart.  He  had  hardly  been  settled  in  New- 
York  a  year  when  pulmonary  disease  manifested  itself.  Unconscious  of 
his  danger,  yet  his  sermons  for  a  while  bore  upon  the  important  subject  of 
deatli.  Thus  was  God  preparing  him.  When  he  came  to  underst.".nd  his 
condition,  he  thoroughly  examined  the  grounds  of  his  hopes.  His  last 
words  were,  "All  is  well !  " 

HuTTON,  Mancius  S.  C.C.  1823,  P.S.  182G  lie.  2d  Presbyt.  N.Y.  182G ; 
miss,  to  Wawarsing  1827-8,  (Gcr.  Valley,  Presbyt.  1828-35,)  South  Ch. 
N.Y.C.  1835-7,  now  in  Washington  Square,  1837— 

HfTTox,  M.  II.  N.Y.U.  1857,  N.B.S.  18G0  1.  CI.  N.Y.  18G0 ;  Mt.  Vernon, 
18G4— 


120  THE    3I1NISTKY. 

HuYssoN,  Jas.  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1859  ;  Lodi,  N.J.  1859-64,  Pater- 
son,  (Hollandish,)  1864-5,  Drenthe,  1865-6,  Polkton,  18G6-8,  Paterson 
1st,  Holland,  1868— 

Hyndshaw,  J.  B.     Walpeck,  18,36-9,  w.  c.  1839-41. 

Ingalls,  Wilson.  U.C.  1836,  tutor  in  U.C.  1836-7,  S.S.  Princetown, 
1838-9,  Glenville  1st,  1840-51,  Owasco,  1853-64,  (supplied  Broadalbin, 
1864-5,  w.  c.  1866-8,  Blooming  Grove— 1868. 

[Ingold,  John  Wm.  came  from  Europe  1774,  "Whitpain  and  Worcester, 
1774-5,  Saucon, . .  .  .Easton, ...   Gosenhoppen,. . .  .Easton  17.  .-90.] 

Israel,  studied  under  the  missionaries,  1.'  CI.  Arcot,  18G7  ;  in  India. 

Jackson,  John  Frelinghuysen,  (s.  of  W.  Jackson,)  b.  at  Bergen,  1768,  Q.C. 

1788,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  K.D.  Chs.  1790  ;  Harlem 

and  Phillipsburgh,  1792-1806,  Fordham,  1819-36,  d. 

He  was  early  introduced  into  the  ministry,  and  for  nearly  half  a  century 
served  the  Master  with  singular  consistency,  faithfulness,  and  zeal.  He 
was  a  man  of  sound,  experimental,  practical  piety,  of  great  simplicity  of 
character  and  singleness  of  heart,  and  of  self-denying  humility.  Of  men 
he  sought  neither  praise  nor  recompense.  Possessed  of  ample  resources, 
his  services  to  the  church  were  rendered,  throughout  his  life,  almost 
gratuitously.  An  act  of  distinguished  liberality  manifests  his  attachment 
to  the  church.  His  life,  if  not  brilliant,  was  filled  up  with  laborious  useful- 
ness. When  on  the  verge  of  the  grave,  he  was  all  self-renunciation, 
humilit}',  faith,  gratitude,  hope,  and  joy. 

Jackson,  William,  b.  1732,    studied  under  J.    Frelinghuysen,  and   J.  H. 

Goetschius,  lie.  1757;  Bergen  and  Staten  Island,  1757-89,  emeritus,   d. 

1813. 

lie  received  a  call  from  the  churches  of  Bergen  and  Staten  Island  on  June 
22d,  1753.  This  stipulated  that  he  should  go  to  Holland,  to  complete  his 
studies,  and  receive  ordination  from  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  He  was 
gone  four  years,  and  returned  ;  but  few  materials  remain  to  give  us  an  idea 
of  his  character.  Tradition  speaks  of  him  as  a  learned  man  and  a  devoted 
minister  of  Christ.  He  had  a  commanding  voice,  and  was,  in  the  Dutch 
language,  a  powerful  orator.  He  was  much  sought  after  in  the  Reformed 
churches  of  Middlesex  and  Somerset  counties,  N.J.,  and  was  esteemed,  as 
a  field-preacher,  second  only  to  Whitefield.  On  one  occasion  while  preach- 
ing at  Raritan,  the  assemblage  was  so  large  that,  to  be  heard  by  all,  outside 
and  within  the  church,  he  took  his  station  at  the  door,  and  preached.  In 
1759,  he  was  called  as  a  colleague  to  Domine  Hardenbergh  at  Raritan,  but 
declined.  About  1783,  his  mind  began  to  f;iil,  and  he  became  subject  to 
mental  aberrations,  and  would  say  improper  things  in  the  pulpit,  or  con- 
tinue his  discourses  too  long.  On  one  such  occasion  while  preaching  in 
New-Brunswick,  his  friend  Hon.  James  Schureman,  gave  him  a  hint,    by 


THE    MINISTRY.  121 

holding  lip  his  watch.       Eyeing  him  keenly,  the  Dominc  replied,  "Schure- 
nian,  Schiircnian,  put  up  your  watch;  Paul  preached  till  midnight." 

In  1789  the  Classis  of  Ilackcnsack,  in  compliance  with  the  wish  of  his 
churches,  was  obliged  to  take  notice  of  his  nialad\',  and  advised  him  to  re- 
sign his  call.  This  he  did,  and,  moreover,  obligated  himself  under  the  for- 
feiture of  five  hundred  pounds  to  cease  preaching  or  administering  the 
sacraments.  This  was  intended  to  work  effectually  on  his  mind.  Ilis  wife  al- 
so became  alllicted  in  the  same  wa3\  Eut  the  church  gave  them  the  use 
of  the  parsonage  the  rest  of  their  lives — about  twenty-four  years — and 
purchased  another  parsonage  for  his  successor.— 7(^y^or's  Annals  of  JJercjen. 

James,  Woodridge  L.  from  Presbyt.  of  Utica  ;  Daj^,  1849-52,  Columbia, 
1854-5,  Woodstock,  185G-G2,  w.  c. 

Jameson,  Cns.  M.      Mt.  Pleasant,  N.Y.C.  1852-G2,  w.  c  — 

Janeway,  Jacob  J.  b.  17. .  C.C.  1784,  studied  under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y. 
1797;  (Philadelphia  2d  Presb.  1798-1828,  Prof,  in  Western  Theolog. 
Sem.  1828-30,)  Xew-Brunswick,  IS-SO-l,  supplied  Orchard  St.  N.Y.C. 
18-30-1,  Vice-President  of  Rutgers  Coll.  and  Prof.  Belles-Let,  Evidences 
of  Christianity,  and  Political  Economj-,  18.33-39. 

Janeway,  John  L.  (son  of  J.  J.  Janeway)  R.C.  1835,  N.C.S.  1840, 1.  CI.  N.B. 
1840 ;  Montville,  1843-50. 

Jansen,  John  N.  R.  C.  1848,  N.B.S.  1851,  1.  CI.  Schenectady,  1851  ;  Guil- 
ford, 1852-63,  Pompton,  18G3— 

Jansen,  Josiah,  b.  in  Ulster  Co.  18-35,  R.C.  185G,  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI. 
Orange,  1859  ;  New-Concord,  1861-4,  d. 

Though,  from  a  child,  thoughtful  and  eminently  conscientious,  he  did  not 
unite  with  the  church  till  near  the  close  of  his  collegiate  course.  "While 
studying  theology,  he  was  attacked  with  hemon-hage  of  the  lungs,  which 
compelled  him  to  return  home,  yet  he  studied  privately,  and  graduated 
with  his  class.  He  did  not  settle  at  once,  but  assisted  his  brethren,  as 
strength  permitted,  for  eighteen  months,  but  was  soon  obliged  to  succumb 
to  the  power  of  the  fell  destroyer.  His  mind  was  well  balanced  and  well 
furnished.  He  was  a  diligent  student,  and  failed  not  to  gain  a  clear  idea  of 
the  subject  of  investigation.  Ilis  piety  was  definite,  firm,  and  earnest.  He 
was  a  clear  and  evangelical  preacher,  presenting  Gospel  truth  in  a  happy 
manner,  and  encouraging  ]ii;_:h  hopes  of  future  usefulness.  In  his  charge, 
he  had  the  confidence  and  affection  of  his  people,  but  his  life  was  one  of 
suffering  rather  than  of  labor. — J.  E.  B. 

Jennings,  Jacob,  lie.  by  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1789  ;  miss,  to  Hardy  Co. 
Va.  1788-91,  Presbyt. 

He  was  a  godly  physician  in  Hardy  Co.,  Virginia,  formerly  a  resident  on 
the  Raritan,  and  a  member  of  the  church  there,  and  well  known  to  Dr. 


122  THE    MINISTRY, 

Ilardenbergh.  He  had  held  catechetical  exercises  in  Virginia,  and  the  peo- 
ple were  so  favorably  disposed  toward  him,  that  they  asked  that  he  might 
be  ordained  to  the  ministry.  There  were  no  other  churches  or  ministers 
within  sixty  miles  of  his  locality.  Synod  therefore  determined  to  examine 
him  for  licensure.  He  was  licensed  and  ordained,  at  the  same  session,  as  a 
missionary  to  that  people,  belonging  to  the  Chassis  of  New-Brunswick.  In 
1791,  he  asked  dismission  to  the  Presbyterian  Church,  since  his  people 
were  not  able  to  support  him.  Synod  sent  him  £20,  but  declined  at  present 
to  dismiss  him,  requesting  him  rather  to  return,  and  take  charge  of  some  of 
their  own  destitute  churches.  Nothing  further  is  heard  of  him  in  the  Minutes 
of  Synod,  and  the  first  volume  of  Minutes  of  Classis  of  New-Brunswick, 
(1771-1811,)  in  which  there  would  no  doubt  be  references,  is  not  known 
to  exist.  In  the  Readington  graveyard,  the  stone  of  Mrs.  Jacob  Jennings, 
his  wife,  is  found,  who  was  also  the  grandmother  of  ex-Gov.  Wise  of  Vir- 
ginia.— M.  G.  8.  vol.  i. 

Jewett,  A.  D.  Lawrence,  Piermont,  1857-9,  (New-Brunswick,  1st  Presbyt. 
1868—) 

John,  see  Zechariah. 

Johns,  Wm.    Prattsville,  1855-9,  (S.S.  Big  Hollow,  Presbyt.) 

Johnson,  Henry  II.  w.  c.  18G1-6,  S.S.  Leyden  Centre,  1867— 

Johnson,  Isaiah  Y.  b.  1783,  W.C.  1813,  N.B.S.  1816,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1816;  Ar- 

gyle  and  Fort  Miller,  1817-21,  Schodack,  1821-4,  d. 

His  expression  was  intellectual  and  bland  ;  his  manners  affable,  always 
courteous,  cheerful,  and  of  easy  dignity.  lie  was  attractive  to  the  youth 
of  his  charges.  His  habits  were  very  systematic.  He  generally  retired  to 
his  study  on  Sabbath  evening,  and  selected  his  topic  for  the  next  Sabbath, 
while  on  Monday  he  visited  his  people.  His  great-grandfiither  was  a  Pres- 
byterian minister  in  Ireland. —  G.  8. 

Johnson,  John  Barent,  b.  at  Brooklyn,  1769,  C.C.  1792,  studied  under  Liv- 
ingston, 1.  CI.  N.Y.  1795;  Albany,  1796-1802,  Brooklyn,  1802-3,  d. 
He  lost  both  his  parents  when  in  his  ninth  year,  and  was  brought  up  by 
a  cousin.  In  his  seventeenth  year,  being  at  school  at  Flatbush,  Dr.  Liv- 
ingston, who  spent  his  summers  there,  became  acquainted  with  him,  and, 
perceiving  that  he  was  a  youth  of  more  than  ordinary  talents,  encouraged 
him  to  commence  a  course  of  liberal  studies,  and  kindly  offered  to  receive 
him  into  his  own  family,  and  superintend  his  education.  This  offer  was 
gratefully  accepted,  and  he  was  soon  prepared  to  enter  college.  He  was  a 
man  of  unusually  prepossessing  personal  appearance,  and  of  easy  and  grace- 
ful manners.  His  countenance  had  an  expression  of  great  benignit}'-,  united 
with  high  intelligence.  His  manners  were  bland  and  courteous,  and  pre- 
disposed every  one  to  see  in  him  a  friend;  and  his  countenance  and  man- 
ners were  a  faithful  index  of  his  disposition.  He  was  acknowledged  on  all 
hands  to  possess  an  uncommonly  amiable  and  generous  spirit.     He  had  the 


THE    MINISTKY.  123 

reputation  of  an  excellent  pastor.  lie  mingled  freely,  and  to  great  accept- 
ance, with  all  classes  of  people.  He  was  particularly  attentive  to  the  young, 
and  liad  the  faculty  of  making  himself  exceedingly  pleasant  to  them.  lie 
was  a  popular  preacher,  possessed  of  a  melodious  voice ;  his  gesture  was 
natural  and  effective.  On  the  occasion  of  the  death  of  Washington,  the 
Legislature  of  Xew-York  invited  him  to  deliver  the  eulogy  before  them. 

JonxsoN,  Jonx  G.  R.C.  1836,  N.B.S.  1839,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1839;  Glcnham, 
1840-G,  St.  John's,  Upper  Red  Hook,  1840— 

Johnson,  Wm.  (entered  Sccedcr  Ch.)  Oicasco,  1838-05,  became  Presbyte- 
rian. 

Jones,  David  A.  Iloxton  Coll.  Eng.,  London  Sem.  of  Ind.  Dissenters,  1823, 
lie.  by  the  civil  magistrate,  1823 ;  [Folcshill,  Warwickshire,  1823-8, 
Chorle}',  Lancaster,  1829-34,  both  in  Eng.,  Danville,  Ver.  Cong.  1834-9,] 
Saratoga,  1839-44,  Easton,  N.Y.  1844-8,  Union,  1848-50,  Constantine, 
1850-2,  Minisink,  1852-8,  Grahamville  and  Upper  Neversink,  1858-G3, 
New-Concord,  1864-7,  w.  c. 

Jones,  Gardner,  (s.  of  Nicholas  Jones,)  N.B.S.  1841 ;  has  become  a  Roman- 
ist in  Indiana. 

Jones,  H.  W.  F.  Salt  Hill  Academy,  Eng.,  N.B.S.  18(30,  1.  CI.  N.B.  18G0 ; 
Bergen  Point,  18G0— 

Jones,  Nathan  W.  R.C.  1850,  N.B.S.  1853  ;  Cleveland,  1853-4,  S.S.  Sharon, 
1855-G,  S.S.  at  Clove,  185G,  Middleport,  185G-G0,  S.S.  Dingman's  Ferry, 
1862-3,  w.  c— 

Jones,  Nicholas,  studied  under  Mason,  1815  ;  Sharon  and  New-Rhincbeck, 
1816-20,  suspended,  1822,  seceded  independents,  became  a  Baptist,  died 
1839. 

Jones,  Thos.  W.  (s.  of  D.  A.  Jones,)  R.C.  1864,  N.B.S.  1867,  1.  CI.  Rens- 
selaer, 1867;  Pottersville,  1867— 

JoNGENEEL,  L.  G.  b.  and  studied  in  Holland,  1.  in  South-Africa,  by  CI.  of 
Tulbagh,  1856;  Miss,  to  heathen,  at  Aberdeen,  S.  Africa,  afterward  at 
Ceres,  1856-66,  c.  to  America,  Sayville,  1866-;^- 

JoKALMON,  J.  S.  R.C.  1852,  N.B.S.  1855,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1855;  Miss,  to 
China,  1855-8,  voyage  to  America,  July-Nov.  1858,  Fairview,  1859 — 

Jordan,  Mark,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1823 ;  African  Ch.  N.Y.  City,  supplied,  1823-9, 
withdrew. 

Jukes,  Charles,  b.  in  England,  1788,  c.  to  America,  1830;  (Edinburgh  and 
Fish  House,  1830^,  Amsterdam,  Presbyt.  1834-9,)  Glen,  1839-40,  Glen 
and  Auriesville,  1840-4,  Stone  Arabia,  and  Ephratah,  1844-50,  Rotter- 
dam, 1850-62,  d. 

He  was  the  child  of  manj-  prayers,  and  the  early  subject  of  religious  in- 
struction.    At  sixteen,  when  leaving  home  for  London,  his  pious  mother 


124  THE    MINISTRY. 

charged  him,  with  tears,  not  to  forget  the  claims  of  God.  At  first,  for  a  few 
years  he  did  forget ;  but  God  did  not  forget  the  praj'ers  offered  in  his  be- 
half. In  1812,  he  was  brought  into  the  church,  under  the  ministrations  of 
Rev.  Thomas  Morell,  of  St.  Neots,  Huntingdonshire.  He  at  once  became 
an  active  and  useful  Christian,  beginning  to  preach  on  the  Sabbaths,  as  a 
laynian,  having  commendation  from  the  churches  in  the  various  destitute 
villages  within  twenty  miles  of  his  home.  His  labors  being  greatly  blessed, 
he  resolved  to  devote  himself  entirely  to  the  ministry,  choosing  Canada  as 
his  field.  But,  while  sailing  up  the  Hudson  on  a  day-boat,  the  passengers, 
ascertaining  that  an  English  preacher  was  on  board,  asked  him  to  preach. 
This  he  did,  from  the  words  in  Daniel,  "There  is  a  God,  who  revealeth 
secrets."  A  plain  farmer,  a  non-professor,  who  heard  him,  asked  him  to 
give  up  his  design  of  going  to  Canada,  stating  that  there  were  two  destitute 
churches  in  Saratoga  County,  which  would  gladly  call  him.  This  changed 
his  course,  and,  during  the  four  and  a  half  years  that  he  was  at  Glen, 
about  seventy  persons  united  with  the  church.  By  his  faithful  labors  sub- 
sequently, he  was  instrumental  in  effecting  the  organization  of  the  churches 
of  Hagerman's  Mills  and  Auriesville.  He  was  a  man  of  great  catholicity  of 
spirit,  though  decided  in  his  own  views.  He  preached  with  boldness  and 
zeal.  His  activity  in  the  ministry  was  known  and  admired  by  all.  He  al- 
lowed nothing  but  personal  sickness  to  interrupt  him  in  his  labors.  His 
preaching  was  very  acceptable,  and  greatly  blessed. 

Julien,  Robt.  D.     N.B.S.  1852,  1.  CI.  KB.  18-52;  Sharon,  1852-3. 

Justin,  John,  R.O.  18G2,  N.B.S.  18G5,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1865;  North-Bergen, 
1865— 

Kails,  Wm.  came  from  London,  in  1756,  witli  recommendation  from  Dr. 
Chandler;  [supplied  Philadelphia,  Ger.  Ref.  in  1756-7,  Amwell,  Ger.  Ref. 
and  the  German  Churches  on  the  Raritan,  1757-9,]  N.Y.C.  Ger.  1759 
-60. 

Karsten,  John  H.  R.C.  18G0,  N.B.S.  1863  ;  Miss,  to  Forreston,  111.  1865-7, 
Oostburg,  1867— 

Kasse,  a.  K.  c.  to  America,  1846,  1.  CI.  Geneva,  1851 ;  Pultneyville,  1851 
-61,  Buffalo,  1861-4,  Cleveland,  1864-8,  Paterson,  (IIol.  2d,)  1868— 

Kellogg,  C.  D.  C.N.J.  1861,  P.S.  1.  2d  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1863;  (Wilming- 
ton, Del.  1863-7,)  Northumberland,  1867-8,  Northumberland  and  Fort 
Miller,  1868— 

Kennedy,  Duncan,  U.C.  1835,  P.S.  1837,  (Galvvay,  N.Y.  1837-41,)  Albany, 
1841-55,  (Troy,  2d  Presbyt.  1855—) 

Kcnnipe,  . . .  .,  Canajoharie,  177.. 

He  once  suffered  a  merciless  flagellation,  from  a  hard  man,  by  the  name 
of  Diel,  as  they  rode  together  on  horseback,  on  the  river's  bank.  The 
minister  would  not  prosecute,  but  appealed  to  God,  and,  strange  to  say, 


TIIK    JIINISTUY.  125 

both  men  died  on  tlic  same  night.     Kennipc  was  a  single  man,  and  was 
thought  to  have  been  paitiall}'^  deranged. 

Kern,  John  Michael,  [Heidelberg,  Germany,  17.  .-1703,]  Ger.  N.Y.C.  17C3 
-71,  Montgomcr}',  N.Y.  1771-8;  was  Conferentie. 

Kerr,  Geo.  Concsville,  18-15-0,  d.  1807.  Was  an  active  man  in  tlic  cause 
of  education  and  temperance. 

Kershow,  Joseph  II.  R.C.  1850,  N.B.S.  1853,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1803; 
Ilidgewaj'-  and  Macon,  1853-5,  Ccntreville,  1855-00,  Eden,  1800-8,  Ncw- 
Salem,  1808— 

Ketchum,  Isaac  S.  b.  at  Poughkeepsie,  1790,  N.B.S.  1821,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1821 ; 
Salisbury,  Manheim,  and  Danube,  1822-3,  Manheim  and  Stone  Arabia, 
1823-30,  in  1823  also  appointed  miss,  to  Columbia,  Indian  Castle,  and 
Hem  Snyder's  Bush,  and  1820-7  miss,  to  Herkimer;  Stone  Arabia  and 
Ephratah,  1830-5,  miss,  to  Centrevillc  and  Three  Rivers,  Mich.  1835-8, 
d.  1803. 
He  was  an  intimate  friend  of  President  Van  Buren,  who  appointed  him 

to  the  delicate  task  of  removing  some  Indian  tribes  beyond  the  Mississippi. 

This  he  did  satisfactorily,  and  received  from  the  President  an  autograph 

letter,  thanking  him  for  his  services.     He  then  removed  to  St.  Louis,  where 

he  became  a  farmer,  and  afterward  hospital  chaplain. 

[Kidenweiler,  Rudolph,  Long  Swamp,  Pa.  1754-02.] 

KiEKEXTVELD,  M.  R.C.  18G3,  N.B.S.  1800,  k  CL,  Holland,  18GG  ;  Grand- 
ville,  1807— 

Kimball,  Jos.  U.C.  1839,  Newburgh  Sem.  1843,  lie,  Assoc.  Ref.  1843; 
(Ilamptonburgh  ;  Hebron;  Brockport ;)  Fishkill  on  the  Hudson,  1803-5, 
Brooklyn,  1805 — 

King,  Fred.  L.  C.X.J.  1844,  P.S.  1849;  Tutor  in  C.N.J.  1849;  (North- 
Haverstraw  ;)  miss,  to  Hudson  City,  N.J.  1855-7,  w.  c.  1857-9,  Presbyt. 

Kip,  Fkaxcis  M.  C.C.  1820,  N.B.S.  1830,1.  CI.  N.Y.  1830;  Bloomingdale, 
1830-1,  Ninth  St.,  N.Y.C.  1831-0,  Fishkill,  1830- 

Kip,  Fuaxcis  M.  Jit.  U.N.Y.  1804,  N.B.S.  1807,1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie,  1807; 
Linlithgo,  1807 — 

Kip,  Isaac  L.  R.C.  1855,  N.B.S.  1801-'2,  1.  CI.,  Poughkeepsie,  1801 ;  East- 
AVilliamsburgh,  1801-2,  Chaplain  159th  Reg.  N.Y.V.  1802-3,  Stuyvesant 
Falls,  1804-7,  Schodack  Landing,  1807 — 

Kip  Leonard  W.  N.B.S.  1800,  1.  CI.  Poughkepsie,  1800 ;  voyage  to  China, 
June-Sep.  1801,  China,  1801-8,  in  America. 

Kipp,  Petije,  N.Y.U.  1807,  student  in  N.B.S. 

Kirby,  Thos.  (alias  Kirkham,  M.G.S.  i.  338_)  an  independent  minister  from 


126  THE   MINISTRY. 

England,  relicensed  by  CI.   N.Y.  1797 ;  Staten  Island,  1797-1801,  sus- 
pended, restored  ;  went  to  Canada. 

Kirkland,  Robt.  \v.  c.  1833-6,  miss,  to  Sand  Beach,  1886-7. 
Kirkwood,  Ilobt.  from  Presbyterian  Ch.  of  Scotland ;  miss,  to  Manaj^unk, 
1828-0,   Cortlandtown,  1833-6,  w.  c.  d.  18G6. 

KissAM,  Samuel,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1796,  U.O.  1813,  studied  under  Mason,  and 
at  N.B.S.  1817,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1817;  Bethlehem  and  Coeymans,  1818-28, 
Bethlehem  and  Jerusalem,  1828-41,  Coeymans,  1843—5,  d.  1868. 

Kittle,  Andrew  N.  b.  at  Kinderhook,  1785,  U.C.  1804,  studied  under  Froe- 

ligh  and  Livingston,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1806  ;  Red  Hook  Landing  and  St. 

John's,  1807-15,  Red  Hook  Landing,  St.  John's,  and  Linlithgo,  1815-27, 

Upper  Red  Hook,  1827-33,  Stuyvesant,  1835-46,  w.  c.  1864.  d. 

He  was  a  grand-son  of  Do.  Fryenmoet,  and  was  early  dedicated  to  the 

Lord.    His  first  field  of  labor  was  extensive  and  important.    Educated  people 

were  among  his  parishioners,  as  well  as  those  who  had  been  destitute  of 

every  advantage.      He  was  indefatigable.     Young,   vigorous,   and  ardent, 

he  entered  upon  his  work  with  high  resolve  to  be  a  good  minister  of  Christ. 

He  was  a  man  of  strong  sense,  of  very  considerable  scholarship,  well 

read  in  theology,  and,  so  long  as  he  was  able,  preached  with  clearness  and 

power  the  doctrines  of  grace.     Exceedingly  happy  in  his  famil}^,  and  fond 

of  his  books,  he  had  little  or  no  taste  for  courting  a  vagrant   notoriety 

abroad.     For  this  reason  he  never  took  any  active  part  in  our  ecclesiastical 

councils,  never  played  the  partisan  in  disputes  in  church  matters — his  life 

flowing  quietlj'and  serenely  on. 

And  yet  no  man  in  the  church  was  more  liberally  endowed  with  precisely 
those  gifts  and  attainments  which  fit  their  possessor  for  honorable  service 
in  public  bodies.  His  fine  presence  and  ready  powers  of  debate  occasionally 
displayed,  quick  and  keen  perceptions,  united  with  independence  of  judg- 
ment, and  great  depths  of  emotion,  might  have  secured  him,  had  his  wishes 
been  in  that  direction,  no  little  prominence  and  influence  in  the  conduct  of 
church  affairs.  But  he  sought  no  honors,  titles,  or  praises.  He  was  content 
to  be  a  simple  preacher  and  pastor,  xihvays  courteous  and  high-toned  in  his 
manner,  he  was  indeed  a  beautiful  exemplification  of  the  best  style  of  the 
Christian  gentleman. 

Klyn,  H.  G.  Graafschap,  1851-2,  Milwaukee  and  Franklin,  1852-3,  Milwau- 
kee, 1853-54,  Grand  Rapids  2d.,  1854-6,  Kalamazoo,  1856-6i2,  Chicago 
1st,  1863-8,  emeritus. 

Knieskern,  Jos.  R.C.  1838,  N.B.S.  1841,  1.  CI.  Schoharie,  1841 ;  Berne  2d 
and  Knox,  1841-5,  St.  Johnsville,  1845 — 

Knight  R.  W.  b.  in  England  1794,  c.  to  America  1820,  1.  by  Congrega- 
tionalist;  Clove,  1835-8,  Roxbury,  1838-40,  Sand  Beach,  1840-4,  Cato  and 
Lysander,  1845-8,  Cato  and  Wolcott,  1848-52,  emeritus. 

Knight,  AVm.    S.S.  Moresville,  1841-2,  Spottswood,  1846-7. 


TIIK    MINISTIiV.  127 

Knowlton,  Alb.  W.  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  Kingston,  18G0  ;  N.  &  S.  Hampton, 
ISCO^. 

Knouse,  Chas.   Gcr.  Rcf.  N.Y.C.  1823-7,  Manliattan  Ch.  N.Y.C.  1829-33 
w.  c.  1802,  d. 

Knox,  Chs.  E.   S.S.  Utica,  18G0-2. 

Knox,  John,  b.  near  ( Jetty sburtrh,  IV'.'O,  Dick.  Col.  1811,  studied  under 
Mason,  lie.  by  Assoc.  Ref.  Pres.  Philadelphiii,  1815  ;  New- York,  1810-58,  d. 
lie  was  descended  from  a  chain  of  pious  ancestr}- — Scotch  Presbyterians 
in  their  relation.s.  From  childhood,  he  evinced  great  conscientiousness, 
tenderness,  and  affection,  and  a  strict  regard  to  every  duty  assigned  him. 
In  college  he  was  regarded  by  all  with  respect  and  affection,  and  the  asso- 
ciations then  formed,  whether  with  professors  or  students,  were  only 
terminated  by  death.  In  the  Associate  Reformed  Seminar}',  among  his 
fellow-students,  there  arose  an  attachment  which  bound  them  as  with 
clasps  of  steel,  and  which  became  stronger  with  time.  In  181G,  he  and 
his  classmate.  Paschal  N.  Strong,  were  called  and  settled,  at  the  same  time, 
over  the  church  of  New-York,  and  both  continued  in  that  single  charge  till 
death.  For  twenty-five  j^ears,  Dr.  Knox  was  the  senior  pastor  in  the  Colle- 
giate Church.  His  character  presented  a  beautiful  harmony  and  symmetry. 
There  was  no  peculiar  prominence  in  any  trait,  so  as  to  obscure  and  depress 
others.  He  was  the  model  of  a  Christian  gentleman.  No  hurried  impulses 
or  warping  j^rejudices,  no  sharp  dogmatism,  no  selfish  indifference,  pre- 
vented him  from  exhibiting,  at  all  times  and  on  all  occasions,  the  calm, 
equable,  humble,  and  dignified  temper  of  a  man  who  respects  himself  enough 
to  respect  others.  Kind  without  an  air  of  condescension,  truthful  without 
an  ostentation  of  frankness,  warm-hearted  without  creduiitj%  scrupulously 
honorable,  and  punctiliously  exact  in  the  use  of  words  and  in  the  perfor- 
mance of  his  promises,  he  won  the  friendship  of  those  who  knew  him,  and 
kept  that  friendship  until  the  last. 

As  a  preacher,  he  lacked  what  is  commonly  styled  eloquence  in  deliver}-, 
but  his  manner  had  the  best  element  of  eloquence — persuasiveness.  Never 
boisterous,  never  resorting  to  tricks  of  art,  or  follies  of  pantomime,  he  pre 
sented  the  truth  in  a  clear,  bold,  convincing,  and  winning  form,  so  that  his 
success  in  the  high  purpose  of  a  Christian  minister  was  far  greater  than 
that  of  more  showy  and  fussy  men.  The  matter  of  his  sermons  was  always 
evangelical,  and  this  was  the  chief  secret  of  his  long  continuance  in  one 
charge,  and  of  his  undiminished  influence  throughout  his  pastorate.  He 
was  a  man  of  disciplined,  earnest,  and  uniform  piet}',  not  swayed  by  fitful 
impulses,  and  fluctuating  in  its  nature,  but  it  was  a  vital  clement  in  which 
he  lived  and  moved.  It  breathed  in  his  spirit,  it  spoke  in  his  words,  and 
acted  in  his  life.  Conscientiousness,  simplicit}',  and  integrity  marked  his 
character.  He  noted  times  and  circumstances,  in  order  to  regulate  his 
judgment  and  course  of  conduct,  but  guile  was  never  found  in  his  heart 
or  on  his  lips.  His  judgment  was  sound,  carefully  trained,  and  of  great 
practical  wisdom.     He  was  not  a  thcoiizer.     Ho  was  much  resorted  to  as  a 


128  THE    MINISTRY. 

wise  counsellor  in  matters  of  difficulty  and  in  cases  of  conscience.  In  his 
principles  of  faitii  and  duty,  he  was  fixed  and  unwavering.  Of  a  prayerful 
spirit,  no  temptation  could  swerve  him  from  the  faith,  or  from  the  path  of 
uprightness.  His  courtesy,  kindness,  and  urbanity  were  also  great.  He 
was  social  in  his  spirit  and  in  his  habits.  He  could  mix  in  the  highest 
ranks  of  society  without  embarrassment,  while  no  one  knew  better  how  to 
condescend  to  men  of  low  estate.  Tenderness  of  feeling  appeared  to  those 
intimate  with  him  as  a  striking  feature.  He  was  a  true  son  of  consolation. 
In  all  his  multiplied  and  various  duties  he  was  systematic  and  industrious, 
and  a  catholic  spirit  crowned  his  character.  For  more  than  forty  years  he 
dwelt  by  the  side  of  his  ministerial  brethren  of  other  denominations  in  unin- 
terrupted mutual  respect  and  friendship.  In  his  preaching,  he  was  sound 
in  sentiment,  lucid  in  discussion,  bearing  the  subject  practically  home  to 
the  consciences  and  hearts  of  his  hearers.  His  preparation  for  the  pulpit 
was  careful.  His  manner  was  serious  and  bore  the  conviction  of  his  cordial 
sincerity.  Every  reflecting  mind  and  upright  heart  could  not  fail  to  be 
profited  by  his  ministrations.  As  a  pastor  he  was  eminently  attentive  and 
useful.  Few  have  surpassed  him  in  this  respect.  His  visits  to  the  chamber 
of  sickness  and  in  seasons  of  affliction  were  ever  most  grateful  and  highly 
prized.  He  occupied  many  prominent  places  of  trust  in  the  religious  and 
educational  institutions  of  the  day,  spending  much  time  and  performing 
much  labor  in  their  behalf.  There  was  a  tendency  to  pulmonary  disease, 
yet  voyages  and  care  preserved  his  health,  and  during  his  last  years  he  M-as 
unusually  robust  and  vigorous.  Having  been  engaged  in  pastoral  visitation 
on  a  certain  day,  he  returned  home  and  passing  on  the  back  piazza,  by 
some  misstep  he  lost  his  balance,  and  fell  on  the  pavement  below,  fractur- 
ing his  skull.  After  lingering  a  few  days  in  an  unconscious  state,  he  died. 
His  was  the  greatness  of  goodness. 

"  I  -would  express  him,  simple,  grave,  sincere, 
In  doctrine  uncorrupt;  in  language  plain, 
And  plain  in  manner ;  decent,  solemn,  chaste, 
And  natural  in  gesture ;  much  impressed 
Himself,  as  conscious  of  his  awful  charge. 
And  anxious  mainly,  that  the  flock  he  feeds 
May  feel  it  too  ;  affectionate  in  look, 
And  tender  in  address,  as  well  became 
A  messenger  of  grace  to  guilty  man." 

See  Br.  De  Witfs  Memorial  Sermon. 

Knox,  John  II.  Mason,  N.B.S.  1845,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1845  ;  Easton,  Pa.  1851-3, 
Presbyt. 

Knox,  John  P.  R.C.  1830,  N.B.S.  1837,  1.  CI.  KB.  1837;  Nassau,  1838-41, 
Utica,  1841-4,  St.  Thomas,  W.I.  1847-54,  (Presbyt.  Newtown,  L.I.) 

Koopman,  H.  R.     Low  Prairie,  1865-8. 

Kriekaard,  Adrian,  R.C.  18G3,  N.B.S.  1866, 1.  CI.  Holland,  1866  ;  Roches- 
ter, 1866-8,  Kalamazoo,  1868— 

Krum,  Josephius  D.  R.C.  1858,  N.B.S.  1861  ;  Florida,  1861-5,  (Seneca 
Falls  Presbyt.  1865—) 


THE   MINISTRY.  129 

Kuss, Sandusky  City,  1855-6. 

Kuyper,  A.  C.    Ebenezer,  18C7 — 

Kuypers,  Gerardus  Arensc,  b.  17C6,  in  Cura^oa,  (son  of  War.  Ivuypers,) 

studied  under  D.  Romeyn  and  H.  Meyer,  lie.  by  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1787 ; 

Parannis,  1788-9,  New-York,  1789-1833,  d.  (Also  appointed  Teacher  of 

Heb.  1799.) 

His  father  removed  to  this  country,  when  Gerardus  was  but  two  3'ears 
old.  lie  was  licensed  to  preach  at  the  early  age  of  nineteen.  He  was  called 
from  Paramus,  to  preach  in  Dutch,  in  the  Garden  St.  church,  and  he  con- 
tinued to  officiate  in  that  language  till  1803.  He  was  a  modest,  retiring  man, 
never  seeking  popularity.  His  great  desire,  in  his  several  duties,  was  to 
please  his  Master.  He  was  a  man  of  the  greatest  uprightness  and  sincerity. 
In  his  character  there  was  a  beautiful  symmetry  and  harmony.  Meekness 
and  humility  were  his  prominent  traits.  The  jealousy  of  superior  talent 
and  reputation  was  a  sentiment  to  which  he  was  a  stranger.  He  was  pe- 
culiarly useful  and  happy  in  the  chamber  of  sickness,  being  a  "  son  of  con- 
solation," rather  than  a  "  son  of  thunder." 

His  pastoral  gifts  and  qualifications  were  excellent — social,  affable,  cour- 
teous, kind,  bringing  comfort  into  every  family  which  he  entered.  He  was 
a  man  of  sound  judgment,  and  of  taste ;  of  mildness,  yet  of  firmness,  when 
principle  was  involved.  He  possessed  a  delicate  and  almost  unerring,  in- 
stinctive sense  of  propriety — a  man  of  peace  and  prudence,  to  a  proverb. 
He  was  generally  silent  as  a  member  of  the  church  courts,  but  his  opinion 
when  given,  was  always  judicious.  For  many  years  he  had  been  regarded 
by  his  coadjutors  as  a  living  chronicle  of  past  events,  and  his  decision  on 
usages  and  precedents  was  final.  He  was  not  superior  in  learning,  but  an 
excellent  divine  and  systematic  theologian  of  the  Old  School.  He  was  also 
no  friend  to  innovations,  in  doctrine  or  usages,  and  hence  by  many  was 
considered  too  cautious  and  formal.  He  believed  that  all  true  religion  must 
be  based  on  knowledge,  and  hence  he  was  the  enemy  of  all  wild  enthusiasm, 
but  he  prized  highly  Christian  experience.  He  considered  true  pietj''  to 
consist  of  communion  of  the  soul  with  God.  In  early  life,  he  had  been  a 
close  student,  and  read  extensively  and  with  profit.  But  the  Bible  was  his 
great  book  of  study,  and  no  one  was  more  familiar  with  its  contents.  His 
was  the  ornament  of  a  meek  and  quiet  spirit,  as  he  held  on  the  even  tenor 
of  a  blameless  and  consistent  life. 

Kuypers,  Warmoldus,  b.  in  Holland,  1732,  studied  at  University  of  Gron- 
ingen,  (in  company  with  "Westerlo,  Rysdyck,  and  H.  Meyer,)  (Cura^oa, 
17.  .-G8,)  Rhinebeck  Flats,  and  S.S.  at  Upper  Red  Hook  and  the  Land- 
ing, 1769-71,  Hackensack,  (2d)  and  Schraalenburgh,  (2d)  1771-97,  d. 
Mr.  Kuypers  was  settled  over  that  part  of  the  church  of  Hackensack, 
which  had  belonged  to  the  Conferentie  party.     They  remained  unrepresent- 
ed in  Classis,  after  the  articles  of  union  between  the  parties,  for  fifteen  years. 
He  was  contemporary  for  three  years  with  Goetschius,  for  nine  years  with; 
9 


130  THE  MINISTRY. 

D.  Eomeyn,  and  for  nine  with  Solomon  Froeligh.  The  controversies  of  the 
day  greatly  marred  the  usefulness  and  comfort  of  those  servants  of  God. 
Their  trials  were  neither  few  nor  small.  They  also  stood  aloof  from  the 
other  section  of  the  community  in  Hackensack,  because  of  a  certain  charter 
which  that  party  had  obtained,  covering,  it  is  supposed,  the  church  proper- 
ty, in  an  ofiensive  way.  (Froeligh,  Goetschius,  Curtenius.)  Yet  Mr.  Kuy- 
pers  himself  seems  to  have  been  a  peaceful  and  quietly-disposed  man.  He 
was  in  his  old  age,  while  Mr.  Froeligh  was  in  his  prime,  which  was  greatly 
to  the  disadvantage  of  his  people.  He  had  been  separated  from  his  people 
for  five  days,  with  an  ample  provision  on  their  part  to  pay  him  an  annuity 
for  life,  when  he  died.  Says  one  concerning  him,  "  As  long  as  I  have  known 
him,  has  he  given  conspicuous  example  for  imitation,  without  being  inter- 
rupted by  a  single  transaction  over  which  it  is  necessary  to  cast  a  vail.  In 
short,  this  is  the  portrait  of  the  man  I  love  and  esteem.  Grace  without 
austerity — friendly  without  dissimulation,  and  religious  without  hypocrisy. 
This  cannot  be  deemed  flattery,  for  my  soul  abhors  it.  Frequently  has  he 
regretted  the  state  of  the  church,  and  trusted  that  Providence  would  still 
the  waves  of  contention,  and  say,  '  Hitherto  shalt  thou  come,  and  no  furth- 
er.' I  have  more  than  once  desired  him  to  meet  with  the  Consistory  dur- 
ing the  dispute,  and  his  general  answer  was,  'Trouble  I  hate.  I  have  great 
cause  to  be  thankful  to  Providence  for  the  number  of  years  of  my  life 
already  past ;  but  my  glass  is  nearly  run,  and  the  bright  prospect  of  a  bless- 
ed hereafter,  fast  opening  to  my  view,''  The  concerns  of  the  temporalities 
of  the  church  I  wish  to  leave  to  others !'  " — John  Van  Buren,  M.I). 

Kuypers,  William  Provost,'(s.  of  Warmoldus  Kuypers,)  b.  at  Hackensack, 
1773,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1792 ;  Miss, 
on  Delaware,  1792-3,  Paramus,  1793-6,  susp.  1797,  deposed,  1797,  re- 
stored, 1798.  Boonton,  1801-5,  (Hempstead,  Presbyt.  1805-13,)  Miss. 
in  South- West,  especially  in  Texas,  and  Red  River  district,  1813-21,  w.  c. 
d.  1851. 

Laboring  under  a  misconception,  he  accused  Rev.  Solomon  Froeligh  of 
defrauding  a  man  on  Long  Island  of  a  watch,  which  was  explained  by  his 
hasty  flight  when  the  British  entered  the  Island,  allowing  no  opportu- 
nity for  him  to  pay  for  it.  This  circumstance  led  to  language  in  a  Classical 
meeting  in  1796,  which  resulted  in  discipline.  Mr.  K.,  with  the  spirit  of  a 
Christian,  subsequently  acknowledged  his  error,  and  was  fully  restored. 
Declining  health  compelled  him  to  abate  his  labors  on  Long  Island,  when 
he  undertook  a  useful  mission  to  the  South-West.  Ilis  ministry  was  varied, 
peaceful,  and  happy,  and  the  close  of  his  life  tranquil  and  blessed.  Devoid 
of  ambition,  he  lived  to  do  good  in  his  generation.  Though  an  octogena- 
rian, his  mental  vigor,  sight,  and  hearing  remained  unimpaired  to  the  last. 
His  sickness  was  short,  serene,  and  peaceful,  cheered  by  a  steadfast  faith, 
and  illuminated  by  a  glorious  hope.  By  them  who  knew  him  best  was  he 
esteemed  the  most. 


yCyi/0~^^.^-'^-<^ 


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THE  MINISTRY.  131 

Kuypcrs,  Zecliariah  II.  (s.  of  WarmoUUis  Ku3'pers,)b,  at  Rhinebcck,  IVTI, 
studied  under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  of  llackcnsack,  1793  ;  Jamaica,  New- 
town, Success,  03'stcr  Ba}-,  and  Lakeville,  1794^1802,  Jamaica,  Succes.s, 
Oyster  Bay,  and  Lakeville,  180'2-18,  Success,  Oyster  Bay,  and  Lakeville, 
1818-24,  Ponds,  WyckofF,  and  Preakness,  1825-41,  w.  c.  1841-8,  emeri- 
tus, d.  1850,  Oct.— See  rrime's  L.  I.  295. 

In  his  extended  field  on  Long  Island,  living  at  Jamaica,  he  set  out  from 
home  with  his  sulky  on  Friday  or  Saturday,  returning  on  Monday  or  Tues- 
day. He  availed  himself  of  the  hospitality  of  his  people,  and  made  pastoral 
visits.  lie  was  fond  of  his  pipe,  and  told  long  stories  which  were  eagerly 
listened  to  by  the  children.  lie  was  of  a  mild  temper,  unsuspicious,  and 
lacked  worldly  wisdom.  In  the  pulpit  he  gave  very  good  sermons  from 
memory,  but  his  mind,  absorbed  in  recalling  the  words,  was  not  enough  at 
leisure  to  give  emphasis  to  them  also,  so  that  his  delivery  became  monoto- 
nous and  mechanical.     In  politics  he  was  a  Federalist. — II.  Oiulerdonl: 

Kyle,  Thomas,  Salt  River,  Kentucky,  1804-16,  became  a  Methodist. 

Labagh  Ab.  L  N.B.S.  1826,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1826 ;  Evangelist  at  Rhinebeck, 
1826. .,  St.  Thomas,  W.  L,  1827-42,  Gravesend,  1842-59,  w.  c.  1865,  d. 

Labagh,  Isaac,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  the  Synod  of  D.R. 
Chs.  1788;  Kinderhook,  1789-1800,  Canajoharie,  Stone  Arabia,  and 
Sharon,  1800-3,  New-Rhinebeck,  and  Sharon,  1803-14,  Ger.  Ch.  N.Y.C. 
1815-22,  New-Rhinebeck,  1823-7,  Miss,  to  Utica,  1827-37,  d. 

Labagh,  Isaac  P.  (s.  of  Peter  Labagh,)  N.B.S.  1826,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia, 
1826;  Waterford,  1827-30  ?  supplied  Orchard  St.,  N.Y.  1831-2,  Graves- 
end,  1832-42,  w.  c.  1842-5,  suspended  for  heresies  concerning  Second 
Advent  and  the  Christian  Sabbath.     Episcopalian. 

Labagh,  Peter,  b.  in  New-York,  1773,  studied  under  Froeligh  and  Living- 
ston, 1.  CI.  Hackensack,  1796  ;  Miss,  to  Salt  River,  Kentucky,  1796-7,  Cats- 
kill  and  Oakhill,  1798-1809,  Harlingen  and  Ne-Shanic,  1809-21,  Harlin- 
gen,  1821-44,  w.  c.  1844^58,  d. 

His  ancestors  mingled  the  pious  blood  of  France  and  Holland.  Early  in 
life  he  removed  to  Hackensack,  and  united  with  the  church  of  Dr.  Froeligh. 
lie  undertook  the  tedious  journey  of  nine  hundred  miles  on  horseback,  to 
respond  to  the  call  for  Gospel  service  in  Kentucky.  He  there  organized 
the  church  of  Salt  River,  in  Mercer  County.  At  Harlingen,  in  1831,  he 
was  blessed  with  a  powerful  revival. 

He  was  a  man  of  much  more  than  ordinar}'  powers  of  mind.  He  was  re- 
markably rapid  in  apprehension,  sound  in  his  judgment,  and  correct  and 
delicate  in  his  taste  ;  his  faculties  were  well  balanced,  and  he  had  a  large 
measure  of  what  is  ordinarily  called  common  sense.  AVithout  any  thing  in 
appearance,  manner,  or  voice  to  recommend  him,  he  was  nevertheless  a  very 
profitable  preacher,  especially  when  he  prepared  his  discourses  with  some 
care.     He  was  an  earnest  .speaker,  and  had  much  of  the  practical  and  experi- 


132  THE   MINISTBT. 

mental  in  his  discourses,  while,  at  the  same  time,  his  doctrinal  statements 
were  sound  and  scriptural.  He  was  very  much  at  home  in  deliberative 
ecclesiastical  assemblies,  large  and  small,  and  exercised  great  influence  in 
them.  He  was  very  much  attached  to  his  own  denomination,  while  he  felt 
a  deep  interest  in  the  welfare  of  every  part  of  the  church  of  Jesus  Christ. 
He  was  eminently  social  and  genial  in  his  disposition  and  habits,  far  beyond 
what  his  expression  and  manner  would  seem  to  indicate.  He  had  a  power 
of  sarcasm  and  satire  about  him  that  was  rather  formidable,  and  a  talent  for 
retort  and  repartee  which  it  was  not  easy  to  cope  with.  He  was  widely 
known  in  our  church,  and  was  greatly  instrumental  in  promoting  her  inter- 
ests. He  had  a  large  share  in  the  confidence  of  his  brethren  in  the  minis- 
try. He  might  have  made  much  more  of  himself  than  he  did,  considering 
his  natural  powers  and  advantages,  yet  he  was  a  very  valuable  and  useful 
man  and  his  memory  will  always  be  cherished. — G.  L. 
Dr.  Bethune  writes  concerning  him  : 

"  Of  Father  Labagh's  early  or  even  riper  years,  I  know  little,  and  that  little 
only  by  hearsay — the  grateful  unanimous  testimony  of  all  who  had  the  privi- 
lege of  association  with  him,  to  his  devotional  spirit,  fidelity,  sagacity,  and 
consistent  virtues  as  a  man,  a  Christian,  and  a  minister. 

"  I  call  him  Father  Labagh,  for  by  that  affectionate  name  all  the  members 
of  our  Classis,  much  younger  than  he,  were  accustomed  to  greet  and  address 
him.  He  was  our  father,  to  whom  we  gladly  yielded  the  place  of  superior 
authority,  whose  counsel  was  at  once  sought  and  very  seldom  if  ever,  over- 
borne, in  every  question  of  disputed  doctrine,  method  of  business,  or  eccle- 
siastical policy.  His  prayers,  occasional  exhortations,  and  informal  talks, 
had  for  us  the  unction  and  pleasant  authority  of  the  aged  disciple  among 
his  little  children.  He  resembled,  in  our  minds,  the  apostle  of  love,  not 
only  in  the  kindness  of  his  speech,  but  also  in  the  searching  casuistry  which 
he  had  acquired  from  a  long  experience  of  a  Christian  and  ministerial  life. 
Never  arrogant  or  severe,  but  ever  direct  and  faithful ;  never  assuming,  but 
ever  thankful  for  our  ready  deference,  he  could  not  avoid  being  conscious  of 
the  rank  we  assigned  in  our  fellowship,  yet  he  ever  treated  the  youngest  and 
meekest  of  us  with  the  respect  and  sympathy  of  true  Christian  friendship. 
"  It  was  this  character  that  drew  me  to  him,  with  a  love  and  veneration 
which  increased  with  every  opportunity  I  had  of  enjoying  his  society. 
Perhaps  this  very  manifest  regard  for  him  inclined  him  to  think  kindly  of 
me ;  for  he  always  treated  me  so  as  to  make  the  hours  I  passed  in  his  com- 
pany very  pleasant  and  profitable  then,  and  the  recollection  of  them 
will  be  cherished  while  my  memory  lasts. 

"  He  had  a  keen  sense  of  the  ludicrous,  and  often  showed  it  in  pointed, 
epigrammatic  sayings,  and  even  in  sarcasm,  the  sharpness  of  which  was 
relieved  by  his  good  humor.  He  never  shrank  from  the  duty  of  rebuke, 
which  none  who  received  it  had  a  right  to  be  otherwise  than  thankful  for. 
He  read  characters  with  instinctive  skill,  and  was  shrewd  enough  to  avail 
himself  of  every  advantage  in  an  honorable  strife  ;  nor  was  he  disingenuous 
enough  to  conceal  his  pleasure  in  a  plain  victory. 


THE   MINISTRY.  133 

"  The  special  grace  of  his  disposition  was  its  unfading  j^outhfuhicss. 
Wherever  he  grew  old,  it  was  not  in  his  heart.  The  generosity  which 
moved  him  to  forget  himself  or  his  personal  power  in  the  advancement  of 
the  church,  was  not  lessened  but  increased  by  age.  lie  was  always  on  the 
side  of  true  progress,  never  fearful  of  enterprise  or  enlargement  ;  but  on  the 
contrary  read}',  even  eager,  to  give  his  aid  and  advocacy  to  whatever  prom- 
ised increase  of  usefulness.  He  grew  neither  dull,  morose,  nor  pragmatical, 
but  was  cheerful  as  morning,  loving  the  sunshine  rather  than  the  shade, 
and  sjmipathetic  with  the  happiness  of  others,  fully  appreciating  the  wisdom 
of  the  inspired  maxim,  that  '  a  merry  heart  doeth  'good  like  a  medicine.' 
Frugal,  temperate,  and  self-regulated,  he  was  as  free  from  asceticism  as  he 
was  from  world-worship.  Young  people  never  felt  his  presence  an  unwel- 
come restraint,  and  conversation  was  enlivened  by  his  sprightly  reminis- 
cences and  witty  pleasantries." — See  TodiVs  Memoir  of  him. 

Laidlie,  Archibald,  b.  at  Kelso,  Scotland,  172  7,  University  of  Edinburgh 

(Flushing,  Holland,  1759-63)  New- York,  1763-79,  d. 

He  kept  a  diary  of  his  life,  giving  us  his  spiritual  experiences.  He  cared 
not  for  outward  appearances,  for  the  display  of  much  knowledge,  for  pole- 
mics, or  for  the  polish  of  style  and  diction,  but  he  was  anxious  to  have  his 
heart  thoroughly  imbued  with  the  saving  influences  of  the  Gospel.  He 
looked  upon  doctrines  chiefly  in  reference  to  their  heavenly  and  purifying 
efficacy.  Theory  was  nothing  without  practice.  Hence  he  sought  to  make 
every  doctrine  tell  on  the  heart  of  his  audience,  by  coming  from  his  own 
heart  warmed  with  the  consciousness  of  the  loveliness  and  worth  of  the 
truth.  He  believed  that  to  be  an  able  steward  of  the  Gospel,  one  must 
have  sat  long  at  the  feet  of  Jesus,  and  have  drank  deep  of  his  spirit  and 
grace.  Hence  he  was  one  of  the  most  spiritual,  practical,  and  heart-search- 
ing preachers  of  his  day.  His  tastes  led  him  to  no  profound  discussions. 
His  amiability  kept  him  separate  from  polemics.  He  presented  the  pure 
doctrine  of  Christ  with  evidences,  brief  yet  clear,  noticing  extremes  and 
errors,  and  then  cautioning,  reproving,  advising,  and  comforting.  He  pos- 
sessed a  minute  and  extensive  knowledge  of  human  nature,  and  of  the 
Christian's  trials  and  joys,  and  he  brought  forth  from  his  treasury  things 
new  and  old.  He  was  unusually  successful  in  winning  souls.  A  great  re- 
vival attended  his  efforts.  His  manner  was  plain,  easy,  and  affectionate. 
He  was  a  faithful  pastor.  He  was  humble  and  grave,  bold,  persevering, 
patient  of  injuries  and  reproaches,  indefatigable,  full  of  charity  and  cour- 
teous feeling.  On  the  back  of  a  characteristic  sermon,  on  Ps.  62  :  8,  dis- 
playing great  force  and  richness  of  Christian  experience,  a  warmth  of  pious 
feeling,  and  a  pathos  and  divine  unction  unusually  instructive  and  touch- 
ing, he  has  written,  in  his  own  hand,  "  Preached  in  the  North  Church, 
Feb.  25th,  1770.  N.B. — The  Lord  was  pleased  to  bless  this  to  many  ot 
God's  people.  Thanks  to  his  divine  goodness  !  He  leaves  us  not  without 
a  witness."  He  was  the  first  English  preacher  in  America  among  the  Re- 
formed from  Holland. 


134  THE   MINISTET. 

He  came  amid  much  opposition,  on  account  of  the  prejudice  of  many 
against  the  English  language.  Dr.  Livingston  frequently  adverted  to  the 
salutary  influence  which  the  ministry  of  Laidlie  exerted,  not  only  in  his 
own  denomination,  but  in  the  cause  of  religion  in  the  city,  Mag.  E.D.  G. 
ii.  33-37.  His  diary,  or  parts  of  it,  will  be  found  in  Mag.  R.D.  C.  iii. 
Domines  Eitzema  and  De  Eonde,  with  several  laymen,  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  procure  from  Holland  a  minister  to  preach  in  English.  Their 
letter  and  Dr.  Laidlie's  reply  may  be  seen  in  Ch.  Int.  Feb.  19th  and  26th, 
1857.  De  Eonde  afterward,  however,  sided  with  the  opponents  of  Eng- 
lish preaching,  in  the  lawsuit  which  grew  out  of  it.  Dr.  Laidlie  died  of 
consumption,  at  Eed  Hook,  while  in  exile  from  the  city,  on  account  of  the 
Eevolution. 

Laing,  J.   Argyle,  1832-3. 

Lane,  Gilbert.  E.G.  1851,  N.B.S.  1854,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1854;  [North- 
Carolina,  as  Miss,  of  Ger.  Eef.  Ch.  1855-7,]  Gallupville  and  Knox,  1857- 
60,  [Schooley  Mountain  and  Mansfield  2d ;  Presbyt.  1860-6 ;]  also 
Chaplain  in  army,  1864^5,  Florida,  1866 — 

[Lange,  Charles,  Frederick,  Md.  1766-8.] 

Lansing,  Ab.  G.  New-Salem  and  Clarksville,  1858-62,  Saratoga,  1862-7, 
Saratoga  and  Fort  Miller,  18G7-8,  Pella,  1868— 

Lansing,  Jacob  A.  b.  at  Watervliet,  1792,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  Schenectady. 

1842  ;  Wynantskill,  1842-8,  w  c.  1856.  d. 

It  was  late  in  life  when  he  entered  the  ministry.  In  his  twentieth  year, 
his  constitution  was  shattered  by  a  severe  attack  of  typhus  fever,  and  for 
twenty-two  years  he  was  an  invalid.  Upon  regaining  his  health,  he  conse- 
crated himself  to  the  ministry.  He  was  a  plain,  practical,  pointed,  experi- 
mental, earnest  preacher,  a  man  of  much  prayer,  and  of  irreproachable  con- 
sistency of  conduct.  The  short  term  of  his  single  pastorate  was  prosperous, 
and  he  was  greatly  beloved  by  his  people.  His  mind,  while  not  vigorous, 
was  single  in  purpose. 

Lansing,  John  A.  U.C.  1842,  N.B.S.  1845,  1.  CI.  Schenectady,  1845  ;  S.S. 
Day,  1845-8,  Bethlehem  2d,  1848-60,  Catskill,  1860-6,  Sec.  Bd.  Publi- 
cation, 1866 — 

Lansing^  John  V.  S.  Sam.  C.  1821,  P.  8.  1824,  lie.  ly  secedcrs  ;  Wynants' 
and  Pooster''s  Kill.,  1824-6,  Tappan  and  Clarlcstoicn,  1826,  w.  c.  1826-9, 
Associate  Ref.  Blooming  dale  and  White  Lake,  1829-32,  d.] 

Lansing,  Nicholas,  b.  at  Albany,  1748,  studied  under  Westerlo,  lie.  by  Gen- 
eral Meeting  of  ministers  and  elders,  1780  ;  Ancram,  Stissick,  and  Liv- 
ingston Manor,  (the  latter  representing  Greenbush,  Linlithgo,  and  Tagh- 
kanic,)  1781-4,  Tappan  and  Clarkstown,  1784-1830,  Tappan,  1830-5,  d. 
In  early  life  he  was  master  of  an  Albany  and  New-York  sailing-vessel. 

While  pursuing  this  calling,  he  was  brought  to  the  Saviour.    He  long  clung 


THE   MINISTRY.  135 

to  his  own  rightcousne.ss ;  but  being  led  in  a' prayer-meeting,  under  a  severe 
assault  of  Satan,  to  feel  the  corruption  of  his  nature,  his  pride  gave  way. 
Relating  this  experience,  he  said,  "Then  my  proud  sails  came  down,  and  I 
saw  that  I  must  be  sarcd  by  free,  sovereign,  and  unmerited  grace."  In  this 
grace  he  was  soon  led  firmly  to  trust.  Almost  immediately  thereafter  he 
felt  himself  powerfully  drawn  to  the  ministry.  In  despite  of  much  opposi- 
tion and  very  feeble  health,  he  soon  began  his  studies.  Ilis  phj'sician  said 
he  would  not  reach  the  pulpit ;  but  he  did  reach  it,  and  was  spared  for  a 
ministerial  career  of  more  than  a  half-century.  lie  preached  regularly  till 
the  second  Sabbath  before  his  death.  He  was  a  faithful,  laborious  servant 
of  Christ,  earnest  in  regard  to  his  own  spiritual  life,  and  deeply  concerned 
for  the  salvation  of  his  people.  He  passed  much  time  day  and  night  in  his 
study,  fosting  much  and  being  much  in  prayer.  He  usually  spent  much 
of  the  night,  and  sometimes  the  whole  night,  in  praying.  His  clothing 
always  gave  way  first  upon  the  knees.  In  declaring  the  counsel  of  God,  he 
never  knew  a  fear  of  man.  Throughout  his  entire  ministry,  he  devoted  his 
second  Sabbath  service  for  six  months  in  each  year  to  the  exposition  of  the 
Heidelberg  Catechism.  He  was  cheerful  and  pleasant  in  company,  and 
full  of  anecdote  and  life.  Yet  his  conversation  was  deeply  spiritual,  free 
from  levity,  and  of  a  deeply  impressive  character.  His  preaching  was 
adapted  to  produce,  and  did  produce,  the  deepest  reverence  and  humility 
in  the  hearts  of  his  hearers.  It  awakened  deep  conviction  of  sin,  and  ear- 
nest desire  for  salvation.  It  stripped  off  self-righteousness.  It  led  to  de- 
pendence on  Christ  alone.  It  taught  believers  to  maintain  good  works,  and 
to  glorify  God  by  a  walk  becoming  the  Gospel.  Its  fruits  are  still  manifest 
in  the  families  reared  under  his  ministry.  Many  of  his  impressive  words 
are  even  yet,  and  frequently,  repeated  by  those  who  heard  them  more 
than  thirty  years  ago.  A  few  of  his  latest  sermons  were  delivered  mainly 
in  a  sitting  posture,  though  sometimes  in  his  earnestness  he  would  rise 
for  a  short  time  to  his  feet.  "When  he  did  so,  his  hearers  always  feared 
that  he  would  fall,  and  felt  greatly  relieved  when  he  resumed  his  chair. 
He  sat  at  his  last  service,  having  reached  the  place  of  worship  only  with  the 
help  of  his  colleague  and  a  member  of  his  consistory.  He  preached  as  if 
conscious  that  he  was  uttering  his  last  public  words.  He  earnestly  re- 
minded his  people  of  his  past  instructions.  "  I  have  never  preached  to  you 
'  Do  and  live,'  he  said,  but  '  Live  and  do.' "  Recalling  how  much  he  had 
always  dwelt  upon  the  nature,  the  necessity,  and  the  evidences  of  the  new 
birth,  saving  faith,  true  repentance,  and  a  godly  life,  he  repeated  what  he 
said  was  now  necessary  for  them  to  know  for  salvation,  and  earnestly  ex- 
horted all  present  to  attend  to  the  one  thing  needful.  All  felt  that  he  was 
preacliing  as  a  dying  man  to  dying  men.  The  next  Friday  he  was  seized 
with  the  disease  which  terminated  his  life.  In  his  last  illness  he  was  con- 
stantly engaged  in  prayer,  or  in  giving  instruction  and  counsel  to  those 
around  him.  "Waking  from  sleep  a  short  time  before  he  breathed  his  last, 
he  exclaimed,  ""We  can  not  know  our  depravity."  Soon  after,  he  fell  asleep 
in  Jesus. — D.  C. 


136  THE   MINISTRY. 

He  was  characterized  by  great  earnestness  of  manner,  and  defence  of  the 
truth.  He  was  very  warm  against  the  rising  Hopkinsian  doctrines  of  the 
day.  He  was  a  sound,  plain,  practical  preacher.  His  illustrations  were 
often  quaint.  Living  at  Tappan,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Hudson,  he  said) 
about  the  inability  of  the  sinner,  "  He  could  no  more  save  himself,  than  he 
could  take  up  this  church  and  throw  it  over  into  Tarrytown."  The  church, 
moreover,  was  a  solid  stone  structure.  He  was  very  hospitable,  and  warmly 
welcomed  the  younger  ministry  to  his  house.  He  preached  sitting,  when 
he  could  no  longer  stand,  at  the  age  of  87.  In  his  last  effort  he  said  he  had 
prayed  for  five  times  his  usual  strength,  and  he  had  it,  for  his  farewell  to 
his  people,  when  he  sank  back  exhausted.  In  his  last  hours  he  was  in- 
cessantly engaged  in  prayer,  or  in  singing,  or  recalling  the  promises  of 
God.—/.  M. 

(Larimore,  Jas.  Wilson,  N.Y.U.  1856,  P.S.  and  U.S.  1859 ;  (S.S.)  Cold 
Spring,  1860?) 

[Larose,  John  Jacob,  b.  1755,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  of  Philadelphia,  (?)  1795 ; 
Guilford  Co.  N.O.  1795-1804,  Montgomery  Co.  Ohio,  1804-12,  organizing 
the  Ger.  Ref  Chs.  of  St.  John's,  1805,  Stettlers,  1806,  and  Germantown, 
1809.] 

Larzelere,  Jacob,  b.  1775,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1796 ; 
N.  and  S.  Hampton,  1797-1828,  d.  1834. 

La  Tourette,  J.  A.  M.  N.Y.U.  1848,  P.S.  1851,  1.  Presbyt.  N.Y. ;  West- 
field,  (now  Huguenots,)  S.I.  1852-4,  Presbyt. 

Lee,  Robert  P.  b.  1808,  at  Yorktown,  N.Y.  Dick.  Col.  1824,  N.B.S.  1828,  1. 

S.  CI.  N.Y.  1828;  Miss,  in  N.Y.C.  1828-9,  Montgomery,  1829-58,  d. 

In  the  Seminary  he  was  a  close  student  He  possessed  a  clear  and  dis- 
criminating mind,  and  a  very  retentive  memory.  Familiar  with  sacred  and 
profane  history,  he  could  state  facts  and  dates  accurately,  and  was  of  more 
than  ordinary  attainments.  He  was  noted  for  his  decision  of  character,  and 
was  a  great  lover  and  defender  of  the  doctrines  of  grace.  He  had  a  number 
of  fine  qualities,  which  peculiarly  distinguished  him  in  the  Classis.  A  man 
of  almost  unfailing  prudence  and  practical  wisdom,  he  was  the  counsellor  of 
surrounding  churches,  and  the  arbiter  whose  advice  settled  a  host  of  con- 
gregational and  classical  diflSculties.  His  decisions  were  seldom  disputed, 
and  never  charged  with  haste  or  passion.  Hence,  his  influence  as  a  minis- 
ter was  unusually  great,  while  he  was  among  the  most  modest  of  men.  His 
prayers  were  often  spoken  of  as  the  simple,  earnest,  and  touching  utter- 
ances of  a  child  of  God,  and  few  excelled  him  in  this  grace.  His  sermons 
were  designedly  free  from  the  ornaments  of  rhetoric,  but  were  clear,  full  of 
Gospel  truth  and  experience,  carefully  prepared,  well  delivered,  and  impres- 
sive— often  truly  eloquent. —  C.  S. 

Le  Fevre,  Jas.  R.C.  1854,  N.B.S.  1857,  1.  CI.  Kingston,  1857;  Raritan 
3d,  1857— 


THE   MINISTRY.  137 

Lehlbacl),  Fred.  A.  From  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden,  1850;  Newark  3d, 
1850-Gl,  suspended. 

Leste,  Jas.  R.  R.C.  1842,  N.B.S.  1850,  1.  N.  CI.  L.T.  1850;  Wawarsing, 
Jan.  1852-4,  Rosendale  and  Blooraingdale,  1855-G3,  18G8,  emeritus. 

[Lentz,  see  Loritz.] 

Lepei.tak,  p.  R.C.  1862,  N.p.S.  1865,  1.  CI.  Holland,  1865 ;  High  Prairie, 
1865  — 

Letson,  Wm.  W.  R.C.  1851,  N.B.S.  1854,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1854;  Ghent  1st, 
1856-64,  Gilboa,  1864-8,  Amity,  1868— 

[Leydich,  John  P.  b.  1715,  c.  to  America,  1748;  Faulkner  Swamp  and 
Providence,  Pa.  1748-71,  (?)  itinerated,  supplying  Upper  Milford  and  Salz- 
burg, Pa.  d.  1784.] 

Leydt,  Johannes,  b.  in  Holland,  1718,  studied  under  Frelinghuysen  and 

Goetschius,  lie.  by  Coetus,  1748;  New-Brunswick  and  Six  Mile  Run, 

1748-83,  d. 

He  was  a  Hollander  by  birth,  and,  with  an  elder  brother,  emigrated  to 
this  country,  settling  at  first  in  Dutchess  county,  near  Fishkill,  N.  Y.  His 
whole  ministerial  life  was  spent  in  one  field  of  labor ;  and,  while  he  does 
not  seera  to  have  left  any  distinct  impressions  of  his  pulpit  talents,  he  is 
represented  to  have  been  a  very  laborious  minister.  In  connection  with 
the  organization  of  new  churches,  the  calling  and  installation  of  pastors,  and 
the  healing  of  difficulties  in  congregations,  w'c  shall  find  the  name  of  Mr. 
Leydt.  He  took  a  warm  interest  in  the  great  conflict  which  agitated  the 
church,  and,  as  a  member  of  the  liberal  and  progressive  party,  he  com- 
manded a  wide  influence.  Several  pamphlets  are  still  preserved  which  he 
wrote  during  this  period,  evincing  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  points  in 
controversy,  and  showing  him  to  be  a  man  of  broad  and  Christian  views. 
These  were  answered  by  Ritzema.  At  the  meeting  of  General  Synod,  at 
New-Paltz,  in  1778,  he  was  elected  President.  During  the  war  of  the  Re- 
volution, he  was  a  firm  patriot,  preaching  upon  the  topics  of  the  day,  so  as 
to  arouse  the  enthusiasm  of  the  people,  and  counselling  the  young  men  to 
join  the  army  of  freedom.  In  the  cause  of  education  his  efforts  were  early 
and  devotedly  enlisted.  He  was  one  of  the  prominent  movers  in  the  or- 
ganization of  Queens,  now  Rutgers  College.  Appointed  one  of  the  trustees 
by  the  charter,  he  warmly  advocated  its  claims,  and  gave  to  this  cause  his 
best  energies. 

Mr.  Leydt  is  described  as  a  short,  stout  man,  of  dark  features,  very  quick 
in  his  movements,  and  in  his  disposition  kind  and  affable.  As  a  pastor  he 
is  said  to  have  been  highly  esteemed,  and  to  have  had  a  peculiar  faculty  of 
drawing  around  him  the  young  people  of  his  charge.  His  dress  was  the 
classical  costume  of  the  times,  and  in  his  manners  he  wf^s  a  gentleman  of 
the  old  school.  During  the  early  part  of  his  ministry  his  preaching  was  in 
the  Dutch  language ;  in  his  latter  years  one  half  of  the  services  were  in 
English.     His  sermons  were  instructive,  and  always  delivered  with  a  full 


138  THE    MINISTRY. 

voice  and  an  earnestness  of  manner,  that  held  the  attention  of  his  hearers. 
He  was  a  good  man,  and  much  respected  beyond  his  own  denomination. 
His  sudden  death,  at  the  age  of  sixty-five,  was  regarded  as  a  public  loss. — 
H.  E.  8. 

Leydt,  Matthew,  (s.  of  J.  Leydt,)  b.  1754,  Q.C.  1775,  studied  under  Living- 
ston, (?)  lie.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of  Mins.  and  Elders,  1778 ;  Belleville  and 
Gansegat,  1779-80,  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  1780-3,  d. 

Leydt,  Peter,  b.  1763,  (s.  of  John  Leydt,)  Q.C.  (ace.  to  Catalogue,  1775, 
probably,  1785,)  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  D.R. 
Chs.  1788;  Ponds,  Kakeat,  and  Ramapo,  1789-93,  d.  1796. 

Liddell,  John  A.  b.  in  Scotland,  1806,  Glasgow  College  and  St.  Andrew's 

College,  1826,  (?)    Greenbush,  1830-4,  Totowa  2d,  1834-8,  Lodi,  N.Y. 

1838-48,  supplied  Cicero,  1848-9,  Stone  House  Plains,  1849-50,  d.    Also 

supplied  Franklin. 

A  child  of  pious  parents,  and  of  many  prayers,  he  passed  into  the  king- 
dom, he  knew  not  when.  While  pursuing  his  theological  studies,  he  deter- 
mined to  accept  the  invitation  of  an  uncle  in  the  United  States,  to  visit 
America.  When  he  had  been  here  six  months,  he  determined  to  stay,  and 
make  it  his  home.  At  Greenbush  he  was  blessed  with  a  large  revival,  as 
well  as  at  Totowa. 

He  had  qualities,  as  a  preacher,  which  invested  his  pulpit  utterances  with 
more  than  ordinary  power.  His  sermons  were  clear,  evangelical,  pungent, 
forcible,  and  simple.  He  lacked  the  advantages  of  an  attractive  exterior 
and  a  graceful  action.  Yet  no  one  could  fail  to  be  convinced  that  a  devout 
and  earnest  heart  prompted  his  solemn  accents.  He  excelled  in  giving 
touching  interest  to  those  occasions  when  the  heart's  emotions  are  excited, 
and  in  bringing  nigh  to  the  wounded  spirit  the  balm  which  it  craved.  In 
all  respects  he  was  a  "  son  of  consolation."  The  very  tones  of  his  voice 
fitted  him  for  this.  He  was  frank  and  unreserved  in  his  intercourse,  true, 
kind,  and  afflible,  finding  delight  in  social  converse.  But  his  nature  was 
sensitive,  and  he  shrunk  from  conflict,  preferring  rather  to  retire,  when  he 
should  have  stood  his  ground. —  C.  V.  S. 

As  a  minister,  he  manifested  much  of  the  spirit  of  his  Lord,  and  loved 
his  work.  He  was  wise  to  win  souls,  and  possessed  the  faculty  of  attach- 
ing to  himself  the  people  of  his  charge  in  a  peculiar  degree.  The  lambs  of 
the  flock  were  the  special  objects  of  his  attention.  He  won  their  hearts, 
and  then  drew  them  to  Christ.  It  was  clear  to  all  who  attended  on  his 
ministry,  that  his  controlling  motive  was  love  to  Christ  and  the  souls  of 
men.  His  appeals  to  the  conscience  and  the  heart  were  direct  and  faithful, 
and  often  awakening  and  impressive.  There  was  a  fervor  and  pathos  in 
his  manner  that  touched  and  melted  the  hearts  of  his  hearers.  His  was 
the  glowing  ardor  of  one  who  stood  between  the  living  and  the  dead,  and 
preached  in  view  of  the  judgment.  In  life  and  death  he  bore  ample  testi- 
mony to  the  sustaining  and  consoling  truths  he  preached,—/.  R.  D, 


THE   MINISTRY.  139 

LiEBENEAu,  M.  F.  N.Y.U.  1839,  U.S.  1S41,  1.  3d  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1841 ; 
(Xcw-Paltz  Landing,  1841-G,  Tatcrson,  184G-9,  Ncw-Paltz  Landing,  1850 
-07,)  Dasliville  Falls,  1SG7 — .     Also  supplies  lloscndalc. 

Lillie,  James,  (Salem  Assoc.  Ref.  1836-44,)  Clove,  1844-5. 

Lillie,  John,  b.  1812,  at  Kelso,  Scotland,  Edinburgh  University,  1881,  studied 
privately,  and  at  N.B.S.  1835,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1S85;  Kingston,  1830-41,  Pre- 
sident of  Grammar  School  of  University  of  N.Y.  1841-2,  Broadway,  after- 
ward Stanton  St.  N.Y.C.  1843-8,  also  odxtor  o(  Jewish  Chronicle^  1844-8, 
engaged  in  Am.  Bible  Union,  1851-7,  [Kingston,  Presbyt]  1858-67,  d. 
He  early  developed  a  strong  inclination  for  books  and  stud}',  making  such 
progress  that  he  entered  the  University  of  Edinburgh  in  his  sixteenth  j'ear. 
Ilis  name  stood  first  on  a  roll  of  two  thousand  students,  in  what  was  then 
the  most  flourishing  institution  of  learning  in  Europe,  and  he  went  forth  to 
his  life-work  with  the  testimony  that  he  was  the  most  accomplished  scholar 
that  had  graduated  from  that  institution  in  half  a  century.  He  carried  off 
eleven  prizes.  He  deliberated  between  the  bar  and  the  pulpit,  choosing  the 
latter.  He  entered  a  divinity  school  in  his  native  land,  where,  having  re- 
mained a  couple  of  years,  he  travelled  in  England,  and,  in  the  summer  of 
1834,  came  to  America,  and  spent  a  year  in  the  New-Brunswick  Seminary. 
He  succeeded  the  venerable  Dr.  Gosman,  at  Kingston,  unsurpassed  in  his 
day  for  eloquence,  influence,  and  popularity.  Yet  he  maintained  his  posi- 
tion, and  established  himself  in  the  esteem  and  admiration  of  the  communi- 
ty. But  his  principal  labors  were  in  the  American  Bible  Union.  Ilis  mark- 
ed qualifications  for  scholarly  work  led  to  an  invitation  to  him  to  occupy 
this  important  position.  Here  he  made  his  crowning  acquisitions  in  Bibli- 
cal scholarship.  His  revisions  and  translations  of  the  Thessalonian  Epistles, 
the  Second  Epistle  of  Peter,  those  of  John  and  Jude,  and  the  Revelation, 
won  him  the  highest  encomiums  from  the  most  competent  critics,  for  the 
elegant  and  masterly  scholarship  displayed.  In  1858  he  again  settled,  now 
over  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Kingston,  and  while  there,  delivered  those 
lectures  on  the  Epistles  to  the  Thessalonians,  (published  here  in  18G0,  and 
afterward  in  Scotland,)  which  stand  as  a  monument  to  his  ability  and  in- 
dustry as  a  critic  and  a  scholar,  and  which,  with  his  other  scholarly  works, 
secured  to  him  the  doctorate  from  the  University  of  Edinburgh.  His  last 
contribution  to  scriptural  exposition  was  the  translation,  enlarged  and  en- 
riched by  his  own  learned  and  valuable  additions,  of  the  commentary  on 
the  Epistles  to  the  Thessalonians,  as  part  of  the  share  assigned  him  in  the 
American  edition  of  Lange's  great  German  Commentary,  and  with  which  he 
also  closed  his  life.  He  was  suddenly  prostrated,  in  the  very  prime  of  his 
powers  and  usefulness,  and,  after  four  brief  days  of  unconscious  illness,  he 
died. 

He  was  of  a  truly  catholic  spirit.  His  preaching  was  clear,  direct,  in- 
structive, using  great  plainness  of  speech,  yet  in  a  style  marked  by  an  ex- 
quisite and  even  fastidious  taste,  adorned  and  illustrated  by  the  treasures 
of  profane  and  sacred  learning,  and  delivered  with  the  solemn  emphasis  and 
energy  of  a  conscious  ambassador  of  Christ.     He  was  of  a  strong  native 


140  THE   MINISTRY. 

modesty,  almost  approaching  diffidence,  which  held  him  back  from  position 
and  eminence  in  the  public  eye,  which  a  more  confident  and  self-asserting 
nature  would  have  claimed  and  held  as  a  right.  But  in  the  freedom  of  pri- 
vate relations,  the  native  beauty  of  his  character  stood  revealed.  There 
was  a  noble  frankness  and  manly  truthfulness  about  him.  Open  and  sin- 
cere, without  deceit  or  subterfuge,  he  was  a  true  and  trusty  man.  He  was 
a  firm  and  outspoken  opponent  of  Southern  slavery  a  generation  before  its 
overthrow,  and  when  it  was  universally  and  disastrously  unpopular,  and 
hardly  safe  to  be  an  abolitionist.  He  was  a  millenarian  in  his  views.  This 
struck  the  key-note  of  his  preaching,  colored  his  conversation,  and  tinged 
his  fervent  and  heavenly  prayers. — Memorial  Sermon  hy  Rev.  W.  Irving. 

Lindsay,  D.     South- Africa,  1840-2,  independent. 

Linn,  John  Blair,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1798;  (Philadelphia  Presb.  1799-18. ..) 

Linn,  Wm.  b.  in  Pennsylvania,  1752,  C.N.J.  1772, 1. 1775  ;  chaplain  in  Am. 
army, ....  .(Presbyt.  Ch.  in  Pa.  17.  .-84,  prin.  of  academy  in  Somerset 
Co.  Md.  1784-5,  Elizabethtown,  1785-7,)  New- York,  1787-1805,  (sup- 
plied Albany,  occasionally,  1805-6,)  d.  1808. 

His  eloquence  was  of  a  most  ardent  and  impassioned  kind.  In  his  mis- 
sionary and  charity  appeals  he  was  eminently  successful.  His  glowing  ima- 
gination conceived  his  object  vividly,  and  his  language,  of  which  he  had 
an  astonishing  command,  painted  it  to  the  minds  and  imaginations  of  his 
audience  in  such  a  manner  that  he  often  produced  effects  similar  to  what 
are  said  to  have  taken  place  under  the  preaching  of  Massillon  and 
Bourdaloue.  On  special  occasions,  his  performances  were  master-pieces. 
His  eloquence  would  send  a  thrill  of  joy  or  a  shivering  of  horror  through 
his  audience,  at  times,  so  that  they  would  suddenly  start  up  and  look 
around  them.  In  his  gleaning  sermon,  as  it  was  called,  in  behalf  of  the 
parochial  school  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  he  extracted  about  eleven 
hundred  dollars.  This  at  the  opening  of  the  present  century  was  wonder- 
ful.    Yet  it  was  more  his  manner,  than  what  he  said. 

His  natural  talent  was  excellent ;  his  acquired  knowledge  respectable ;  his 
disposition  amiable.  To  a  stranger  he  seemed  reserved  and  austere.  The 
subjects  of  his  discourses  were  generally  very  practical.  He  loved  to  exalt 
the  Saviour,  and  the  burden  of  his  discourses  was  to  direct  even  the  chief 
of  sinners  to  the  cross  of  Christ.  He  was  always  deeply  impressed  with 
the  importance  of  his  work,  and  dealt  faithfully  with  the  souls  of  his  people. 
His  exhortations  were  earnest,  pathetic,  persuasive,  and  alarming.  He  was 
a  true  and  fast  friend  to  his  country.  He  took  a  warm  interest  in  the 
politics  of  the  day,  which  gave  offence  to  those  who  would  eliminate  re- 
ligion from  politics.  His  complaints  of  disease  were  thought  to  be  imagi- 
nary by  his  friends,  but  the  sad  event  proved  their  reality. 

LippiNcoTT,  Benj.  C.     R.C.  1847,  N.B.S.  1850,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1850  ;  Hurley 
1850-66,  also  S.S.  at  Marbletown,  1851-66,  Clarkstown,  1866— 


THE  MINISTRY.  141 

[Lischy,  Jacob,  ordained  1743,  by  the  members  of  the  Union  movement,  as 
an  evangehst.  Eastern  Pennsylvania,  1743-4,  York,  Kreutz'  Creek, 
Conewago,  and  Bcrmiulian,  1745-57,  1760  susp.  d.  1781.] 
He  was  converted  in  his  fourteenth  year,  and  soon  fell  in  with  the 
Moravians.  lie  was  greatly  taken  with  their  sweet  teaching  concerning 
reconciliation,  and  the  lovely  harmony  which  seemed  to  reign  among  them. 
In  their  company,  he  came  to  America,  (1741.)  By  birth  and  education,  he 
was  one  of  the  Reformed  Church.  Ilis  position  in  America  was  a  long 
time  doubtful.  He  was  empowered  by  the  Moravians  as  a  Reformed 
preacher,  and  yet  seemed  to  claim  to  be  one  of  the  Moravian  brethren.  He 
was  at  last  compelled  to  declare  his  position — Reformed.  He  was,  how- 
ever, of  a  catholic  spirit,  believing  that  all  the  truly  pious  are  one  in 
Christ,  and  should  be  one  in  zeal  and  cooperation,  for  the  general  good  of 
his  kingdom.  Hence  he  was  earnest  in  the  Union  movement  of  the  day. 
He  held  his  Eefonned  predilections,  subordinate  to  the  Lldon,  which,  how- 
ever, by  the  withdrawal  of  the  Lutherans  ^nd  Reformed,  as  Muhlenberg 
arrived  in  1742,  and  Schlatter  in  1746,  to  organize  their  distinct  com- 
munions— became  almost  wholly  Moravian.  This  placed  Lischy  at  length 
in  an  apparent  attitude  of  duplicity,  which  compelled  him  to  withdraw 
and  declare  his  principles. 

Being  a  close,  warm-hearted,  gifted,  and  approved  preacher,  he  received 
many  calls  to  settle,  but  preferred  for  a  long  time  the  life  of  an  evangelist. 
He  came  in  conflict  with  Mr.  Boehm,  (Boeum,)  who,  under  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam,  opposed  the  Union  movement,  on  account  of  some  of  its 
tenets.  He  published  a  caustic  pamphlet,  and  used  the  papers  vigorously 
against  Lischy.  The  latter  found  it  very  difficult  to  keep  on  good  terms 
with  both  the  Reformed  and  the  Union  movement,  now  under  Moravian 
control.  After  an  interview  with  Schlatter,  1747,  he  permanently  left  the 
Union,  and  declared  himself  Reformed.  Twice  he  resigned  at  York,  but 
was  each  time  re-called,  until  in  1756,  after  the  death  of  his  wife,  he  became 
guilty  of  a  scandal  with  his  maid-servant,  whom  he  also  married,  for 
which  he  was  driven  away,  and  ultimately  suspended.  He  continued,  ir- 
regularly, to  preach  till  his  death. 

Little,  Elbridge  Gerry,  C.N.J.  1845;  Manayunk,  1848-50. 

Little,  Jas.  A.  . .  .Canastota,  1861-2. 

Livingston,  Edward  P.  R.C.  1852,  N.B.S.  1855,  1.  CI.  Monmouth,  1855  ; 
Griggstown,  1855-8,  Bushnell,  1858— 

Livingston,  Gilbert  R.  b.  at  Stamford,  Ct.,  1786,  U.C.  1805,  studied  un- 
der Perkins,  of  Ct.,  and  Livingston,  lie.  by  Hartford  Assoc.  1811  ;  Cox- 
sackie,  1811-26,  Philadelphia,  1826-34,  d. 

He  was  of  the  celebrated  family  of  Scotch  Livingstons,  of  which  Prof.  J. 
H.  Livingston  also  came.  His  field  at  Coxsackie  was  very  laborious  and 
extensive,  and  required  a  most  vigorous  constitution  to  bear  the  labor  in- 
cident to  it.      But  his  labors  abounded.      He  enjoyed  while  there  three  re- 


y 


142  THE   MINISTRY. 

vivals,  the  last  especially  extensive,  bringing  three  hundred  and  seventy- 
three  into  fellowship  with  the  church,  (1821.)  About  six  hundred  were 
added  to  this  church  under  his  ministry;  in  Philadelphia,  about  three 
hundred.  His  life  was  strictly  devoted  to  the  glory  of  God.  He  pursued 
this  object  with  diligence  and  zeal,  and  it  was  manifest  that  his  heart  was 
in  it,  so  that  he  produced  an  unusual  impression  on  the  public.  Yet  his 
piety  was  never  obtrusive,  but  modest,  humble,  and  retiring. 

He  was  never  a  rigid  student,  nor  what  might  be  called  a  ripe  scholar. 
He  was  always  actively  engaged  in  distributing  at  once  what  he  could 
gather,  as  food  to  hungry  souls.  The  character  of  his  preaching  was  rather 
pungent  and  forcible,  than  eloquent  and  persuasive.  The  object  at  which  he 
most  habitually  aimed  was  to  make  Christians  active,  and  to  make  sinners 
bow  to  the  Lord's  sceptre,  under  the  conviction  that  they  had  rebelled 
against  him.  Perhaps  he  was  not  sufficiently  aware  of  the  importance  of 
enlarged  Christian  knowledge  to  right  and  efficient  action,  and  that  some 
who  cannot  be  driven  to  submission  by  the  force  of  conviction  may  yet  be 
drawn  by  the  power  of  affectionate  persuasion  ;  still  he  was  among  the  most 
efficient  and  successful  preachers  of  the  Gospel. 

His  religion  was  benevolent  and  expansive.  His  heart  was  engaged  in 
every  thing  which  had  for  its  object  the  dissemination  of  divine  truth,  the 
glory  of  God,  and  the  salvation  of  men.  Hence  he  was  the  active  friend  of 
every  great  enterprise  of  Christian  benevolence  and  practical  Christianity. 
After  he  lost  the  power  of  speech,  from  cancer  in  the  mouth,  he  wrote  to 
the  teachers  of  his  Sabbath-school,  entreating  them  to  be  faithful  in  their 
trust  of  the  little  ones,  impressing  anew  their  responsibility  on  their 
minds.  In  a  similar  manner  he  wrote  to  those  who  sustained  the  prayer- 
meetings,  and  the  monthly  3oncert,  and  to  individuals. — Funeral  Discourse 
ly  Rev.  0.  C.  Guyler. 

Livingston,  Henry  G.  (s.  of  G.  R.  Livingston,)  b.  1821  at  Coxsackie ;  Phila- 
delphia 3d,  1849-55,  d. 

Livingston,  John  H.  b.  at  Poughkeepsie,  1746,  Y.C.  1762,  University  of 
Utrecht,  1769,  1.  CI.  Amsterdam,  1769  ;  New-York,  1770-1810;  (during 
Revolution,  at  Kingston,  1776,  Albany,  Nov.  1776-9,  Livingston  Manor, 
1779-81,  Poughkeepsie,  1781-b  ;)  also  Prof.  Theology,  1784-1810,  in 
New-York  and  at  Flatbush ;  Prof.  Theology  and  Pres.  Queen's  Coll.  in 
New-Brunswick,  1810-25,  d. 

He  was  ambitious  to  enter  the  legal  profession,  and  pursued  the  study 
of  the  law  for  two  years,  but  his  health  failing,  he  relinquished  it.  This 
gave  him  opportunity  for  reflection,  and  he  was  brought  to  Christ.  After 
a  time  he  resolved  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry,  and  he  chose  to  pre- 
pare for  the  Dutch  Church  in  preference  to  the  Presbyterian  or  Episcopal, 
chiefly  because  of  the  sad  dissensions  then  existing  among  the  Dutch, 
which  he  felt  it  his  duty  to  try  to  heal.  He  even  felt  in  his  heart  that 
Providence  would  make  him  the  instrument  to  accomplish  these  results. 
(Historical  Intkoduction.) 


THE   MIXISTRY.  143 

lie  spent  the  winter  of  ITHo-O  in  New-York,  and  greatly  cnjoj-ed  the 
society  of  Domine  Laicllie.  He  sailed  May  12th,  ITOO,  for  Holland,  to  pre- 
pare for  the  ministry.  He  was  the  last  of  the  American  youth  who  went 
to  Holland  for  this  purpose.  In  Holland  he  made  many  warm  friends  and 
was  himself  greatly  respected.  "While  there  he  was  called  to  become  the 
second  English  preacher  in  the  Church  of  New-York.  He  now  presented 
himself  before  the  faculty  of  the  University  of  Utrecht  for  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity.  He  passed  through  the  severe  ordeal,  conducted  in 
the  Latin  language,  and  subsequently  wrote  and  published  a  dissertation 
on  the  Sinaitic  Covenant  in  the  Latin  language,  and  defended  it. 

When  he  arrived  in  this  country,  he  was  prctJminently  the  peacemaker 
between  the  parties.     He  at  once  took  a  high  stand  as  a  minister,  and  was 
honored  of  all.     He  had  few  superiors.     In  the  Revolution  he  was  a  warm 
patriot,  praj'ing  fervently  for  his  country's  cause.     Upon  his  return  to  the 
city,  after  the  triumph  of  freedom,  he  found  himself  the  only  pastor  of  that 
large  church  organization.     Elected  also  at  the  siime  time  as  Professor  of 
Theology,  he  had  more  than  double  duties  to  perform.     The  church  in 
which  he  officiated  generally  had  three  or  four  ministers  as  colleagues.    For 
three  years   he  remained   the   sole   pastor.     Yet  during  this  period  he 
received  more  than  four  hundred  on  profession  of  their  faith.     But  his 
extensive  labors  almost  broke  down  liis  health.     In  178G,  he  received  a 
colleague  in  Dr.  Linn,  and  three  years  later  another  in  Rev.  G.  A.  Kuypers. 
He  spent  his  summers,  after  1786,  for  several  years  on  Long   Island, 
whither  his  students  followed  him,  returning  to  the  city  in  the  winter.     He, 
in  connection  with  Drs.  D.  Romeyn  and  Westerlo,  were  the  moulding 
minds  of  the  denomination.     They  prepared  the  Constitution  from  the  arti- 
cles of  Dort  and  the  articles  of  Union.     Dr.  L.  also  prepared  the  first  hymn- 
book  for  the  churches.     In  1794,  Synod  recommended  him  to  remove  his 
Divinity  School  to  Flatbush,  on  account  of  too  high  board  for  the  students 
in  the  city.     This  he  did  in  1790,  but  it  lasted  for  only  one  j'ear,  when  the 
Synod,  to  the  wounding  of  the  Doctor's  feelings,  ceased  all  efforts  in  behalf 
of  the  Professorship.*     (Theological  Seminary.)     He  still,  however,  con- 
tinued to  teach.     In  1810,  after  forty  years'  service  in  the  ministry  and 
twenty-six  in  the  Professorship,  (the  latter  without  compensation,)  he 
broke  all  the  ties  he  had  formed  in  New- York  and  removed  to  New-Bruns- 
wick, because  the  Synod  requested  it,  to  open  his  seminary  in  connection 
with  Queen's  College,  the  Presidency  of  which  he  also  took.    This  move  was 
only  made  from  a  stern  sense  of  dutj^,  and  was,  as  he  himself  declared,  al- 
most like  martyrdom.     Here  for  fifteen  years  he  continued  his  labors. 
Nearly  two  hundred  students  were  trained  under  his  instructions  during 
the  fift3--four  years  of  his  ministrj'.     He  was  making  sacrifices  all  his  life 
for  the  prosperity  of  the  Church.     He  lived  to  sec  her  firml}'-  established 
and  her  Professorships  nearly  endowed.     Without  any  human  appoint- 

*  The  cause  of  this  is  not  apparent.    It  may  have  been  owing  to  the  French  KevoluUon 
and  pecuniary  difficulties  therefrom  resulting. 


144  THE   MINISTRY, 

ment,  he  was  the  acknowledged  and  cheerfully  accorded  Bishop  of  the  de- 
nomination. (See  Gunn's  Life  of  Livingston.)  The  following  is  an  origi- 
nal characterization : 

From  the  beginning  of  his  course  he  was  a  distinguished  man  and  an 
honor  to  the  denomination  to  which  he  more  particularly  belonged.  His 
presence  was  always  and  in  all  places  impressive,  commanding,  and  digni- 
fied, and  his  dignity  had  nothing  affected  about  it.  It  was  not  any  thing 
extraneous,  but  an  essential  part  of  the  man,  of  his  mental  and  bodily 
structure.  He  must  have  been  dignified  as  a  child,  as  a  boy,  as  a  young 
man,  as  well  as  in  his  maturer  years.  He  was  tall  and  erect — erect  to  the 
last  day  of  his  life.  His  step  was  deliberate  yet  elastic.  He  wore  the 
antiquated  costume  of  which  an  ample  wig,  of  almost  snowy  whiteness,  was 
a  very  conspicuous  part.  He  carried  a  staff,  but  it  did  not  seem  necessary 
to  his  support,  for  his  step  was  firm,  steady,  but  was  carried  simply  be- 
cause such  an  appendage  was  suitable  and  becoming  to  one  of  his  years 
and  position.  His  expression  of  countenance  was  serene,  benevolent,  with 
a  slight  dash  of  the  aristocratic  about  it — a  dash  not  assumed,  but  natural 
and  not  disagreeable,  for  every  one  that  knew  him  seemed  to  admit  that  he 
at  least  had  a  right  to  it.  As  a  preacher,  he  stood  very  high,  and  it  was 
regarded  as  a  great  privilege  to  have  an  opportunity  to  hear  him.  His 
preaching  was  in  every  respect  peculiar  to  himself,  and  such  as  became 
him  and  no  one  else.  He  loved  to  descant  on  a  very  comprehensive  pas- 
sage of  Scripture,  and  sometimes  an  unusually  extended  one.  He  dealt 
much,  in  exposition,  in  what  is  called  the  textuary  mode  of  handling  a 
Scripture  passage  and  subject.  But  the  abundance  of  material  did  not 
seem  at  all  to  embarrass  or  encumber  him.  He  had  great  skill  in  selecting 
what  was  best  suited  to  his  purpose  and  then  in  arranging  it,  and  there 
was  a  surprising  unity  in  his  discourses,  however  many  parts  they  might 
embrace.  That  which  would  in  discourses  formed  by  some  men  be  a 
number  of  dissertations  but  slightly  connected,  was  by  him  so  skillfully 
managed  as  to  form  one  whole,  making  one  impression  on  the  mind — a 
distinct,  full,  and  ineffaceable  one.  His  style  was  a  model  of  clearness, 
plainness,  liveliness,  directness.  He  practised  the  colloquial — the  dignified 
colloquial,  not  the  affected  and  puerile — and  advised  his  students  to  culti- 
vate it.  His  manner  in  the  pulpit  was  his  own  especially.  He  had  great 
variety  in  posture,  tone,  expression  of  countenance,  and  gesture.  He 
seemed  to  loathe  any  thing  like  monotony.  His  gesticulation  would  have 
been  deemed  extravagant  in  any  one  but  himself.  It  partook  very  much 
of  the  pantomimic ;  but  no  one  objected  to  it  in  him,  because  in  him  it 
seemed  to  be  becoming.  In  the  professorial  chair  he  had  great  excellence. 
The  measure  of  theological  lore  which  he  secured  and  brought  away  from 
the  halls  of  old  Utrecht  in  her  palmy  days  was  very  large.  His  excellence 
as  a  theological  teacher  did  not  lie  in  the  vigorous  treatment  which  he  gave 
to  a  few  prominent,  important,  favorite  topics  of  theology,  but  in  the  com- 
prehensive, clear,  systematic  view  he  gave  of  the  whole  and  of  every  part 
of  that  science.     The  whole  of  it  was  mapped  out  in  its  various  compart- 


THE    MINISTRY.  145 

merits,  and  the  relation  of  eveiy  part  was  shown  to  every  other  part  dis- 
tinctly. Thus  every  part  threw  liglit  upon  every  other  part — a  liglit  which 
could  not  have  been  thrown  upon  any  part  if  viewed  and  treated  separately 
from  any  other.  And  if  to  this  you  add  that  a  full,  clear,  precise  defini- 
tion was  given  to  every  doctrine  and  fact  embraced  in  the  system,  and  that 
the  student  was  required  to  make  liimself  at  home  upon  all  this,  any  think- 
ing, unprejudiced  man  can  appreciate  the  advantages  attending  such  a 
course  of  instruction  and  the  high  ability  of  the  man  that  carried  it  out  into 
effect.  The  pupils  of  Dr.  Livingston  were  not  required  merely  to  furnish 
their  memories  with  theological  truth,  but  to  exercise  their  judgments  and 
reasoning  powers  upon  what  they  had  gathered  from  their  wise,  good,  and 
faithful  instructor.  Ilis  pupils,  when  they  issued  from  the  seminary,  were 
not  finished,  acute,  profound  theologians  ;  it  was  not  expected  by  their 
instructor  or  an}^  reasonable  man  that  they  should  be  such.  He,  however, 
laid  a  foundation  large  and  firm,  and  it  was  left  to  them  in  their  after  life 
to  build  upon  it  a  proportional  superstructure.  If  they  did  not,  it  was 
owing  to  their  indolence  and  negligence,  not  to  any  defects  in  their  previ- 
ous course  of  instruction.  All  honor  to  one  who  did  so  much  for  the 
church  and  her  ministr}'.  Let  him  be  held  in  grateful,  afTcctionate,  ever- 
lasting remembrance.     {See  his  Memoir,  tij  Gunn.) — G.  L. 

Lloyd,  Aaron.  R.  C.  1842,  N.B.S.  184.5,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1845;  Gorham, 
1846-7,  (Phelps,  Presbyt.,  1848-50,)  Livingston  Ch.  N.Y.C.  1S51-.3,  Miss. 
at  Hudson,  N.J.  1853-5,White  House,  1855-G,  Pekin,  1857-00,  w.  c— 

[Lobitz  ....  17..] 

Lockhead,  "Wm.  Cohoes  and  Waterford,  1838-9,  New-Rhinebeck  and  Cobles- 
kill,  1839-43,  Cobleskill,  1843-4. 

Lockwood,  L.  R.  Princetown,  1833-4. 

LocKwooD,  Samuel.  N.Y.U.  1847,  N.B.S.  1850,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1850;  Cortland- 
town,  1850-2,  Gilboa,  1852^,  Keyport,  1854— 

[Loppius,   Canajoharie,  (1770-17. .)  ?  probably  the  same  as  Ludwig 

Lupp,  who  died  in  1798,  aged  65,  Tercent.  Monument,  p J 

Lord,  Daniel,  N.B.S.  1847,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1847;  Piermont,  1847-50,  Jersey 
City  1st,  1850-51,  "Warren  (or  Henderson.)  1851-6,  Nyack,  1856-GO, 
Henderson,  1860-4,  Petrie,  (S.S.)  1867. 

Lord,  Jer.  S.  N.Y.U.  1836,  U.  S.  1839, 1. 1st  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1839 ;  Montville, 
1840-3,  Griggstown,  1843-7,  Harlem,  1848—1869,  d. 

[Loritz  or  Lentz,  came  to  America  1784.  Tulpehocken,  Swatara,  and  Hei- 
delberg, 1784-G,  returned  to  Europe.] 

Loritz,  ....  (same  as  above  ?)  N.  &  S.  Carolina,  1789-1812,  d. 

LoTT,  Henry  Ray,  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1859. 
10 


146  THE    MINISTRY. 

LoTT,  John  S.  E.G.  1855,  N.B.S.  1858,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1858;  Franklin,  1859- 
65,  Middleburgh,  1865— 

Lowe,  John  C.  R.C.  1855,  N.B.S.  1858, 1.  CI.  N.B.  1858  ;  Oyster  Bay,  1859- 
63,  Rotterdam  1st,  1863— 

Lowe,  Peter,  b.  at  Kingston,  1764,  studied  under  Livingston,  1.  by  the  Chris- 
tian Synod  of  R.D.  Chs.  I'r87(?)  Brooklyn,  Flatlands,  Flatbush,  Bushwyck, 
and  New-Utrecht,  1787-1818,  d. 

He  was  born  of  humble  but  respectable  parents,  and  at  the  age  of  twelve 
was  deeply  impressed  with  religion.  In  early  youth  he  was  very  fond  of 
reading,  and  acquired  knowledge  easily.  lie  possessed  a  generous  and  affec- 
tionate heart,  his  piety  being  blended  with  civilities  and  benevolent  attentions 
to  his  fellow-men.  Religion  in  him  was  neither  loose  and  heartless,  nor  tied 
down  to  forms  and  show.  He  was  social  in  his  disposition,  pleasant  and 
friendly  in  his  looks,  agreeable  and  interesting  in  conversation,  having  the 
happy  faculty  of  mingling  gracefully  pious  reflections  therewith.  He  was 
meek  and  peaceful  in  his  temper,  modest  and  unassuming,  ever  seeking  to 
be  more  entirely  alienated  from  the  world,  and  more  fully  conformed  to 
Jesus.  Hence  by  those  unacquainted  with  him,  his  real  powers  were  not  at 
first  appreciated.  He  was  also  of  industrious  habits,  of  a  candid  and  liberal 
spirit.  He  labored  with  fidelity  and  zeal,  speaking  to  the  heart  and  con- 
science, firmly  reproving  the  obstinate,  tenderly  consoling  the  aflflicted,  and 
teaching  from  house  to  house.  He  died  of  cancer.  The  last  Sabbath  of  his 
life  he  spoke  during  the  whole  day  to  the  multitudes  who  visited  him.  So 
solemn  were  his  words,  so  impressive,  persuasive,  powerful,  and  even  elo- 
quent, that  he  seemed  like  one  inspired.  In  reply  to  his  friends,  who  asked 
him  of  his  feelings,  he  said,  "  I  am  comfortable,  my  soul  rejoices.  Jesus  is 
kind  to  me.  I  enjoy  much  of  his  divine  presence ;  I  hope  soon  to  see  him." 
He  was  a  pattern  of  humility  and  Christian  affection,  in  honor  preferring 
others  to  himself. —  Van  Pelfs  Sermon. 

Ludlow,  Gabriel,  U.C.n8l7,  N.B.S.  1820,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1820;  Ne-Shanic, 
1821— 

Ludlow,  James  M.    New-York,  18G8 — 

Ludlow,  John,  b.  at  Aquackanonck,  1793,  U.C.  1814,  studied  theology  with 
Rev.  Andrew  Yates  and  at  N.B.S.  1817,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1817 ;  New-Bruns- 
wick, 1817-19,  Prof,  of  Heb.,  Ecc.  Hist.,  Ch.  Gov.,  and  Past.  Theology,  in 
N.B.S.  1817-23,  Albany  1st,  1823-34,  Provost  of  the  University  of  Pa., 
1834-52,  Prof,  of  Ecc.  Hist,  and  Ch.  Gov.  in  N.B.S.  1852-7,  also  Prof. 
Ment  Phil,  in  Rutgers  Col.  1852-7,  d. 

His  most  striking  characteristic  was  strength.  His  person  was  strong. 
His  frame,  large,  firmly  knit,  and  commanding,  rose  before  you 
like  a  column  on  which  no  ordinary  weight  of  public  burden 
might  be  safely  laid.  His  countenance  was  strong.  The  fines  of 
thought  and  decision  were  deeply  traced,  his  eye  clear  and  almost  stern, 
and  the  whole  expression  so  settled  and  firm,  even  in  his  fresh  years,  that 


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1 

THE    MINISTRY.  147 

many  were  surprised  when  his  age  was  announced  at  his  death,  because 
the}'  could  not  remember  liiin  ever  but  as  a  dignified,  ripe  man. 

His  voice  was  strong.  AVith  difficulty  he  restrained  it  from  what  in  an- 
other would  have  been  vocifcrousness ;  but  when  his  earnest  soul  burst 
through  such  caution,  its  tones  thundered  through  the  largest  edifice,  com- 
manding the  most  distant  hearer,  and  oflcu  overpowering  those  who  sat 
nearer  to  the  pvdpit.  No  one  who  looked  upon  him  and  heard  his  Boa- 
nergic  eloquence  doubted  his  strength. 

I  lis  intellect  was  strong.  Culture  and  convictions  of  taste  smoothed 
some  of  its  ruggedness,  and  his  living  heart  pleaded  through  his  massive 
sentences,  yet  neither  fancy  nor  grace  was  largely  found  in  his  qualities. 
Bat  his  grasp  was  vigorous,  his  logic  direct  and  determined,  crushing  the 
superficial  scrablancy  of  sophistry  or  art ;  and  his  analysis  was  more  like  a 
sledge  hammer  wielded  by  an  arm  such  as  his  own,  dashing  the  material 
apart,  than  the  keen  dissection  of  a  subtle  wit.  He  was  impatient  of  all 
between  him  and  the  truth,  but  the  truth  when  he  reached  it,  as  he  did 
quickly,  he  held  fast  to  with  a  muscle  no  human  hand  could  take  it  from. 

His  will  was  strong.  The  prompt  energy  of  his  convictions  and  the 
humility  with  which  he  obeyed  well-ascertained  principles  made  him  de- 
termined, because  he  was  sure.  He  rarely  undertook  a  measure  in  which 
he  consented  to  fail;  and  if  he  did  fail,  it  was  not  until  he  had  exhausted 
all  his  forces. 

His  affections  were  strong.  If  those  who  looked  on  his  muscular  frame 
and  hard  features,  or  heard  his  stentorian  voice,  or  were  beaten  down  by 
his  unadorned  argument,  or  strove  in  vain  against  his  inflexible  purpose, 
thought  him  to  be  in  temper  harsh  and  in  spirit  unkindly,  they  knew  him 
not  To  his  friends,  to  all  who  approached  him  in  social  life  or  sought  his 
counsel  and  sympathy,  he  was  gentle,  and  kind,  and  considerate.  The  peo- 
ple to  whom  he  ministered  iu  his  several  charges,  or  in  occasional  services, 
found  a  well  of  sympathy  in  his  heart  for  all  their  troubles  and  anxieties. 
The  young  students  never  left  him  after  a  personal  interview  for  advice,  or 
even  rebuke,  without  a  sentiment  of  filial  gratitude  and  esteem  ;  while  in 
his  family,  as  a  host,  as  a  father,  as  a  husband,  his  memory  is  one  of  un- 
mixed love  and  tenderness,  and  most  watchful  delicacy. 

"When  such  a  man  came  under  genuine  religious  influences,  it  is  not  sur- 
prising that  he  should  be  strong  in  faith.  He  owned  no  authority  in  doc- 
trine or  morals,  but  the  word  of  God,  and  to  that  he  bowed  with  unhesitat- 
ing reverence  and  a  child-like  simplicity.  No  man  could  shrink  more  than 
he  did  from  mingling  his  own  prejudices  or  speculations  with  the  pure  wis- 
dom from  on  high ;  but  that  which  he  received  on  the  Divine  testimony,  he 
frankly  professed,  earnestly  taught,  and  fearlessly  adhered  to.  His  doc- 
trinal views  on  the  atonement  were  very  clear  and  decided  ;  his  practical 
apprehension  as  firm  and  cheerful.  He  spoke  rarely  of  his  inner  experience, 
and  then  with  unfeigned  humility  and  thankfulness  for  the  grace  which 
was  given  him.  His  theology  was  very  grave,  resembling  nearly  that  of 
the  most  Evangelical  Reformers  and  the  fathers  of  our  Reformed  Churches. 

So  also  was  he  strong  in  the  virtue  which  is  the  fruit  of  faith.     He  loved 


148  THE     MINISTET. 

his  Master,  his  Master's  cross,  his  Master's  example,  and  his  Master's  will. 
Therefore  for  his  Master's  sake  did  he  love  all  men,  especially  the  house- 
hold of  faith.  His  truthfulness  was  remarkable.  He  was  honest  as  the 
day,  and  as  generous  as  he  was  honest.  He  chose  ever  the  most  liberal 
policy,  and  inclined  to  the  mostcharitable  judgment.  Hence  fidelity  in  his 
duties  and  friendship  was  a  distinguishing  trait  of  his  life  in  all  his  relations. 
Practically  wise,  and  of  unusual  foresight  in  calculating  contingencies,  he 
was  one  of  the  best  of  counsellors,  though  sometimes  failing  through  his 
unwillingness  to  think  evil  of  men.  His  life  was  pure,  grave,  calm,  consist- 
ent, industrious,  and  kind.  He  was  vigorous  when  controversy  was  de- 
manded, and  resolute  in  urging  sound  policy,  despite  of  opposing  minds ; 
and  he  could  not  therefore  avoid  some  rude  shocks  and  sharp  assaults. — 
From  Memorial  Sermon  ty  G.  W.  B. 

Lupardus,  Wilhelmus,  Flatbush,  New-Utrecht,  Brooklyn,  Flatlands,  Bush- 
wick,  and  Gravesend,  1695-1702,  d.     Doc.  Hist.  iii.  94. 

[Lupp,  Ludwig,  (see  Loppius,)  b.  1733,  lie  .about  1770-5  (?) ;  Lebanon  and 

Lancaster  Co.  Pa.  1786-98,  d.] 

At  first  he  was  a  schoolmaster,  and  after  a  while  read  sermons  to  the  peo- 
ple, conducted  prayer-meetings,  and  gave  exhortations.  He  was  thus  engaged 
as  early  as  1772,  in  Cumberland  Co.,  Pa.  He  was  considerably  advanced 
in  age  when  he  received  regular  ordination.  The  exact  date  of  licensure 
can  not  be  ascertained,  owing  to  loss  of  early  Coetal  minutes.  Though  not 
of  regular  education,  he  was  a  well-read  man,  and  acquainted  thoroughly 
with  the  Bible.  He  was  untiring  in  his  pastoral  labors  to  promote  piety 
among  his  people. 

Lupton,  Brandt  Schuyler,  C.C.  1788,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  lie. 
by  Synod  of  Ft. D. ^Churches,  1788 ;  Lansingburgh  and  Waterford,  1788 
-9,  d. 

LusK,  Matthias,  B.C.  1830,  N.B.S.  1833;  Jersey  City,  1833-48,  w.  c— 

[Luther, Western  North-Carolina,  1780- . .] 

Lyall,  Wm.  b.  in  Scotland,  1798,  c.  to  America  about  1835,  (Miss,  in  Cana- 
da, 1835-..,  in  Newark,  — ,  in  Riverhead,  18.  .-43,)  Kiskatom,  1843-7, 
(Presbyt.  1847-51,)  Taghkanic,  1851-65,  Miss,  to  the  freedmen  in  Charles- 
ton, S.C.  1865-6,  d.  1868. 

He  had  been  an  attendant  on  the  lectures  of  the  late  Dr.  Chalmers,  while 
in  his  native  land,  of  whom  he  was  an  enthusiastic  admirer.  He  was  learn- 
ed in  theology,  critical  as  a  Biblical  expositor,  familiar  with  the  original  lan- 
guages, conversant  with  books,  and  possessed  of  a  retentive  and  ready  me- 
morJ^     His  Christian  experience  was  deep,  rich,  and  joyous. 

Lydekkcr,  Garret,  b.  in  America,  1729,  C.N.J.  1755,  studied  under  Ritze- 
ma.  Kails,  and  Goetschius,  lie.  by  Conferentie,  1765  ;  suppUed  North- 
Branch  occasionally,  1767,  English  Neighborhood,  1770-6— a  tory,  fled 


THE     MINISTRY.  149 

to  New-York,  and  finally  to  England.     lie  died  at  his  son's  house,  at 
Pentonville,  P]ng.  1704. 

Lydius,  Johannes,  Schcncntady  and  Albany,  1700-9,  also  Miss,  to  Indians, 
d.  1710.     See  Doc.  IlUt.  iii.  538-541,  iv.  734. 

Lyell,  Jame?,  N.B.S.  1803,  d. 

Mabon,  John  S.  b.  1784,  in  Scotland,  U.C.  1800,  taught  in  Erasmus  Hall, 
1800-7,  in  Brooklyn,  1810-11,  N.B.S.  1812,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1812;  tutor  in 
Union  Col.  1814-15,  Rector  of  Grammar  School,  in  New-Brunswick,  1815 
-25,  teacher  in  Morristown,  182G-S,  of  a  select  school,  in  Brooklyn,  1828 
-80,  temporary  Prof,  of  Hebrew,  1818-10,  d.  1840. 

Ilis  parents  belonged  to  the  Secession  Church  in  Scotland,  and  he  was 
reared  amid  associations  and  influences  favorable  to  an  early  acquaintance 
with  divine  truth.  At  the  age  of  nine,  he  became  the  subject  of  deep  and 
abiding  religious  impressions,  which,  diligently  cherished,  gave  a  prominent 
and  consistent  religious  complexion  to  his  character,  and  a  steadiness  and 
uniformit}',  in  his  Christian  course,  which  afterward  ripened  into  the  matu- 
rity of  grace.  While  a  boy,  his  parents  emigrated  to  America,  and  settled 
at  Florida,  N.Y. 

He  was  a  most  diligent  student,  especially  in  the  languages,  searching 
the  original  Scriptures.  His  habits  were  evidently  and  eminently  devoted, 
and  the  truths  he  investigated  and  embraced  were  brought  by  him  in  the 
application  of  their  experimental  virtue.  Ardently  as  his  soul  had  de- 
sired the  ministry  of  the  Gospel,  and  gratified  as  he  would  have  been  in  the 
prosecution  of  it,  he  was  induced  to  devote  himself  to  the  instruction  of 
youth,  from  the  consideration  that,  with  a  slender  constitution  and  feeble 
voice,  his  usefulness  might  be  impeded  or  shortened,  and  also  hoping  that 
his  training  fitted  him  for  instructing.  As  a  teacher,  he  was  industrious 
and  devoted,  active  and  thorough.  His  constitution  was  naturally  frail,  and 
he  was,  more  or  less,  a  sufferer  during  a  great  part  of  his  life.  For  his  last 
fifteen  years,  he  was  the  victim  of  a  bronchial  consumption.  But  he  was  a 
man  of  faith  and  of  patience.  He  possessed  great  simplicity  and  integrity 
of  character,  was  most  conscientious,  firmly  adhering  to  his  convictions  of 
duty.  He  was  an  Israelite  in  whom  there  was  no  guile.  His  yea  was  yea, 
and  his  nay  was  nay.  He  was  a  devout  man,  meditating  on  the  word  of 
God  with  constant  study,  and  continuing  instant  in  prayer.  Ilis  many 
trials  contributed  to  the  culture  of  his  spiritual  life. 

Mabon,  Wm.  V.  V.  (s.  of  J.  S.  Mabon,)  U.C.  1840,  N.B.S.  1844,  1.  CI.  Ber- 
gen, 1844;  Miss,  to  Buffalo,  1844-0,  New-Durham,  1846— 

Macal-ley,  Joiix  M.  U.Pa.  1834,  P.S.  1837;  South  Dutch,  N.Y.C.  1837- 
Gl,  w.  c. 

Madoulet,  J.  B.     Burlington,  111.  1853-5. 

Mair,  Hugh.  From  Presbyterian  Ch.  of  Scotland,  Miss,  to  Argyle  and  Fort 
Miller,  Jan.  1820,  Northumberland,  1829-1831,  Johnstown,  1831. 


150  THE    MINISTEY. 

Major,  John  W.     U.C.  1850,  P.S.  1853,  (Caledonia,  N.Y.)  Boght,  1860-4. 

Mancius,  Geo.  Wilhelmus,  Schraalenburgh  and  Paramus,  1730-2,  Kingston, 

1732-56,  or  59,  died  Sept.  6th,  1762. 

He  was  strongly  opposed  to  the  efforts  for  the  independence  of  the  Ame- 
rican Reformed  Churches,  and  was  unwilHng  to  recognize  the  acts  of  Coetas 
as  valid.  When  the  student  Leydt,  by  authority  of  Coetus,  wished  to  ex- 
ercise his  gifts  in  the  neighborhood  of  Kingston,  he  was  denied  permission 
by  Mancius.  Yet  he  himself,  on  another  occasion,  had  ordained  Fryen- 
moet  to  the  ministry.  Indeed,  he  never  became  reconciled  to  Coetus,  al- 
though he  once  sent  in  charges  to  that  body  against  Domine  J.  H.  Goet- 
schius ;  but  they  were  not  entertained.  He  also  took  sides  with  Arondeus 
in  the  Long  Island  dispute,  and  when  the  Coetus  split,  at  the  proposition 
to  form  a  Classis,  in  1753,  he  attached  himself  to  the  Conferentie  party. 
He  was  the  immediate  predecessor  of  Domine  Meyer,  of  Kingston,  and  it 
has  generally  been  represented  that  Meyer's  practical  and  evangelical 
preaching,  in  contrast  w-ith  what  they  had  been  accustomed  to,  was  one 
cause  of  Meyer's  troubles  in  Kingston.  But  it  is  claimed  by  the  friends  of 
Mancius  that  his  MS.  sermons,  left  behind  him,  show  this  to  be  untrue ; 
that  these  prove  him  to  have  been  a  faithful,  learned,  industrious,  and 
zealous  preacher  of  the  Gospel — one  who  did  not  fear  to  declare  the  whole 
counsel  of  God ;  that  it  w-as,  on  the  other  hand,  his  opposition  to  an  illite- 
rate ministry  and  to  heresy,  his  independence  in  reproving  vice,  and  his 
general  zeal  and  fidelity,  which  induced  certain  of  his  enemies  to  misrepre- 
sent him.  Between  him  and  Meyer  there  was,  of  course,  never  any  dispute, 
as  Meyer  did  not  arrive  in  America  till  the  year  after  Mancius  died,  and  a 
daughter  of  the  latter  united  with  the  church  under  his  successor.  Domine 
Mancius  left  420  members  in  full  communion  in  his  church,  which  argues 
great  success. 

Mandeville,  Garret,  b.  177.,  studied  under  Froeligh,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1796;  Ro- 
chester, "\Yawarsing,  and  Clove,  1798-1802,  Caroline,  1802-4,  (Ithaca, 
Presbyt.  18.. -15,)  Beach  Woods,  1824-6,  Berkshire  Valley,  1826-8, 
Six  Mile  Creek,  1828-31,  w.  c.  1831-50,  emeritus,  d.  1853. 

Mandeville,  Giles  H.  R.C.  1848,  N.B.S.  1851,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1851 ;  Flushing, 
1851-9,  Newburgh,  1859— 

Mandeville,  Henry,  b.  at  Kinderhook,  1804,  U.C.  1826,  N.B.S.  1829,  1.  CI. 
Albany,  1829;  Shawangunk,  1829-81,  Geneva,  1831-4,  Utica,  1834-41, 
(Mobile,  President  of  Hamilton  Col.  Mobile,  1841-9,  also  Prof,  of  Moral 
Phil,  and  Rhetoric,  in  Hamilton  Col.  1841-9,  Albany,  Presbyt.  1850-4,) 
d.  1858. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  able  and  successful  ministers  of  the  church.  In 
his  first  charge,  he  at  once  gained  a  hold  on  the  affections  of  the  people  by 
his  zeal,  eloquence,  and  piety,  and  a  revival  followed  the  labors  of  his  first 
year.     Indeed,  he  left  no  charge  where  his  departure  was  not  deeply  re- 


THE     MINISTRY.  151 

gretted,  ami  from  which  he  did  not  go  with  the  sincere  love  of  those  to 
whom  he  had  ministered. 

As  a  teacher  of  elocution,  he  won  a  brilliant  reputation  for  himself,  and 
for  Hamilton  College.  The  system  he  intioduced  formed  the  basis  of  a 
style  of  oratory  so  natural,  graceful,  and  effective,  tliat  it  became  an  attrac- 
tive feature  in  the  course  of  that  institution. 

As  a  preacher  he  had  few  superiors.  He  invested  every  theme  he  touch- 
ed with  new  and  striking  charms.  Ue  delighted  to  linger  about  the  cross; 
he  loved  to  lean  on  his  Saviour's  bosom ;  Christ  and  the  cross  were  ever 
held  up  to  the  contemplation  of  his  hearers.  As  a  pastor  he  was  most  at- 
tentive and  faithful.  He  labored  and  prayed  for  his  people,  and  his  efforts 
were  crowned  with  the  divine  blessing. 

He  was  a  man  of  universal  vigor  of  intellect,  indomitable  perseverance, 
and  great  tenacity  of  purpose.  His  work  on  elocution,  embracing  a  com- 
plete and  elaborate  analysis  of  English  sentences,  and,  indeed,  of  language 
in  general,  is  a  witness  and  monument  of  these  qualities. —  G.  S. 

Manlev,  John,  R.O.  1828,  N.B.S.  1831,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1831 ;  Manheim,  1881 
-3,  Saddle  River  and  Pascack,  1834-54,  Saddle  River,  1854-66,  w.  c. 

Manley,  "VVm.  I.  CI.  N.Y.  1Y98;  Miss,  to  Susquehannah  River  Region,  17. . 
-1800,  supplied  Cortlandtown  and  Peekskill,  1800-G,  d. 

Mann,  Alex.  M.  R.C.  1827,  N.B.S.  1830,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1830;  Ithaca,  1831-7, 
West-Troy,  (S.S.)  1837,  Poughkeepsie,  1838-57,  Hoboken,  1858-61,  (Tru- 
mansburgh,  Presbyt.)  18G2-5,  w.  c. — 

Manning,  John  H.  R.C.  1844,  N.B.S.  1847,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1847.;  Spotswood, 
1847-54,  South-Brooklyn,  1854— 

Marcellus,  Aaron  A.  b.  at  Amsterdam,  N.Y.  1799,  U.C.  1826,  N.B.S.  1830, 
1.  CI.  N.Y.  1830;  Lysander,  1830-1,  Schaghticoke,  1831-4,  N.Y.C.  Man- 
hattan, 1834-G,  Prin.  of  Lancaster  Academy,  Pa.  1836-9,  Freehold,  1839 
-51,  teaching  in  N.Y.C.  and  Williamsburgh,  1851-6,  Greenville,  1856-9, 
teaching  in  Bergen,  1859-60,  d. 

He  made  no  pretensions  to  superior  abilities,  but  his  discourses  were  full 
of  Christ,  ever  abounding  in  the  great  doctrines  of  the  faith,  while  his  pub- 
lic prayers  had  the  unction  of  the  Holy  One.  His  bodilj^  infirmities  were 
many,  frequently  interrupting  his  ministry.  Yet  he  had  not  a  few  seals  of 
his  ministr}',  and  some  encouraging  revivals.  He  was  a  cheerful  and  happy 
man,  under  all  his  trials  maintaining  consistency  of  life,  and  aiming  at  fideli- 
ty to  his  trust. 

Marinus,  David,  studied  in  Penn.sylvania,  lie.  by  Coetus,  1752 ;  Aquacka- 
nonck  and  Poinpton  Plains,  1752-6,  Aquackanonck,  Totowa,  and  Pomp- 
ton  Plains,  1756-73,  Kakiat,  1773-78,  suspended  ;  1780,  deposed.  Also 
supplied  Fairfield,  1756-73. 

Makkle,  Josiah,   R.C.  1853,  N.B.S.  1857,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1857 ;  (Chester, 


152  THE     MINISTRY. 

Prcsbyt.)  1857-8,  Samsonville,  1858-01,  Dashville  Falls,  1862-4,  Ganse- 
voort  and  Northumberland,  1864-5,  Gansevoort,  1865-8,  vv.  c. 

Marseiais,  Nicholas  J.    U.C.  1810,  N.B.S.  1815,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1815;  Green- 
bush  and  Blooming  Grove,  1815-22,  Greenwich,  (N.Y.C.)  1822-58,  w.  c— 

[Martin,  . . . .,  "Western  North-Carolina,  1759,] 

Marvin,  Uriah,  U.C.  1835,  P.S.  1847,  lie.  by  Presbytery  of  Troy,  1846; 
Union  Village,  1848-55,  Greenwich,  1855-8,  Nyack,  1860— 

Mason,  Ebenezer,  (s.  of  John  M.  Mason,)  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1800,  C.N.J.,  P.S. 

1825,  1.  1825;    Brooklyn,  1826-7,   (Sixth  A  v.  N.Y.C.  1827-8,  Blooming 

Grove,)  1848-9,  d. 

He  early  displayed  a  docile  temper,  and  a  quick  and  susceptible  mind, 
whose  powers  were  subjected  to  the  careful  training  which  so  eminent  a  fa- 
ther as  Dr.  J.  M.  Mason  would  seek  to  secure  for  a  son.  He  accompanied 
his  father  to  Europe  in  1816,  while  still  a  lad.  When  settled  in  Brooklyn, 
conscientious  scruples  concerning  the  subject  of  baptism,  according  to  the 
usage  of  that  church,  led  him  to  resign  his  charge.  In  his  new  enterprise, 
in  Sixth  Avenue,  N.Y.C,  he  exerted  a  powerful  influence  for  good,  though 
his  pastorate  was  short.  He  remained  many  years  after  this  without  a  pas- 
toral charge,  making  two  journeys  to  Europe,  and,  on  his  last  trip,  seeking 
to  establish  an  American  chapel  in  Paris.     (McClure.) 

Mild  and  retiring,  he  interfered  with  the  self-love  or  advancement  of  none. 
He  was  one  of  the  most  amiable  of  men,  quick  to  sympathize,  and  prompt 
to  aid ;  so  that,  while  many  warmly  loved  him,  none  could  be  his  enemy. 
His  mind  was  of  a  highly  reflective  cast.  Fond  of  investigation  and  discus- 
sion, without  reckless  speculation,  he  often  suggested  thoughts  and  present' 
ed  views,  especially  on  theological  subjects,  which  were  rare,  and  worthy 
of  careful  examination.  As  a  sermonizer,  his  style  was  somewhat  on  the 
beaten  track,  and,  without  aflfectation  or  obscurity,  certainly  had  the  merit 
of  considerable  originality.  Yet  his  fancy  had  hardly  been  cultivated  with 
that  degree  of  attention  which  its  vast  importance,  as  an  aid  in  the  elucida- 
tion and  enforcement  of  truth,  demands;  and  hence,  his  preaching,  though 
greatly  interesting  and  instructive  to  the  thoughtful  Christian,  failed  in  a 
measure  to  produce  that  glow  and  excitement  in  which  mingled  audiences 
delight.  His  natural  modesty,  moreover,  unwillingness  to  seem  obtrusive, 
diffidence  of  his  own  powers,  and  a  slight  indistinctness  of  articulation,  in- 
terfered with  his  advancement  to  prominent  positions  which  his  temper, 
his  endowments,  and  his  acquisitions  abundantly  fitted  him  to  adorn. 

(Mason,  John,  S.S.  Hurley,  1834-6.) 

[Mason,  John  M.  b.  in  New-York,  1770,  C.C.  1789,  studied  under  his  father, 
he.   Assoc.  Ref.   Ch.,  N.Y.C.   Cedar  st.  1793-1810,  Murray  st.  1811-21, 
Provost  of  Columbia  Col.  1811-16,  Prof,  of  Assoc.  Ref.  Sem.  1801-21, 
Prin.  of  Dickinson  Col.  Pa.  1821-4,  d.  1829.] 
He  w^as  the  son  of  Rev.  John  Mason,  pastor  of  the  Cedar  street  Presby- 


THE     MINISTRY.  153 

terian  church  in  New-York,  from  1701-92.  He  had  come  over  from  Scot- 
land, belonging  to  the  Anti-burghers  there.  His  son  (the  subject  of  this 
sketch)  succeeded  his  father  in  his  pastoral  charge.  Many  of  the  minis- 
ters of  the  Reformed  Church  were  educated  under  him.  Hence  these  few 
lines. 

In  his  early  days  he  was  a  sprightly  j'owtli,  full  of  vivacit\',  but  never 
vicious,  fond  of  study  and  foremost  among  his  associates.     He  was  the 
child  of  many  prayers,  and  at  the  early  age  of  ten,  his  religious  impressions 
were  deep.     He  obtained  an  accurate  knowledge  of  the  Greek  and  Hebrew 
tongues.    In  1701  he  went  to  Scotland,  to  attend  lectures  in  the  University 
of  Edinburgh.     Here  his  mind  and  manner  began  to  assume  that  peculiar 
mould  which  they  afterward  took  ;  and  here  the  foundation  was  laid  for 
that  easy  and  manly  eloquence,  for  which  he  afterward  became  famous. 
He  took  charge  of  the  Cedar  street  church  after  the  death  of  his  father,  and 
in  a  few  years  issued  a  series  of  letters  on  "  frequent  communion,"  urging 
the  churches,  which  had  generally  been  in  the  habit  of  celebrating  the 
Lord's  Supper  only  twice  a  year,  to  celebrate  it  every  two  or  three  months. 
He  also  urged  greater  simplicity  in  the  celebration  of  the  ordinance,  and 
argued  against   the   expediency  of  days  of  fasting  and  thanksgiving.     In 
1801,  he  opened  his  Theological  Seminar)^  having  digested  and  matured  its 
plan,  and  having  been  appointed  by  thft  Associate  Reformed  Synod  their 
Professor.     For  its  prosperity  he  labored  and  sacrificed  much,  and  perse- 
vered in  his  successful  endeavors  to  uphold  and  extend  it  as  long  as  his 
health  and  the  vigor  of  his  mind  enabled  him  to  continue  the  work.     He 
spent  a  year  in  Europe  in  procuring  a  library  for  it.     During  five  days  in 
each  week  he  attended  to  his  classes  in  college,  from  twelve  till  half-past 
one ;   then  he  met  his  theological  students  at  two,  and  remained  with 
them  till  half-past,  three;  and  also  employed  a  part  of  Saturday  in  hearing 
and  correcting  their  discourses.   All  this  labor  he  performed  in  addition  to  his 
extensive  pastoral  duties.     But  even  his  peculiar  vigor  of  body  and  energy 
of  mind  could  not  sustain  such  severe  mental  exertion  long.     In  1816  his 
health  began  to  fail,  and  he  took  a  voj'age  to  Europe,  spending  a  3'ear.    He 
then  resumed  his  duties,  but  in  1819  had  a  slight  paralytic  stroke,  whose 
effects  seemed  to  pass  away.     But  in  a  few  months  it  was  repeated.    After 
a  vacation  of  six  weeks  he  was  again  found  at  his  post,  and  continued  till 
the  memorable  Sunday  of  Feb!  27th,  1820.     He  had  labored  under  mental 
depression  for  a  week  before.     He  began  the  services  and  was  engaged  in 
his  exposition.     But  he  found  himself  unable  to  proceed,  and  raising  his 
hand  to  his  head,  he  burst  into  tears,  and  informed  his  congregation  that 
the  disorder  under  which  he  had  been  laboring  had  so  impaired  his  mental 
powers  that  he  could  not  continue.    But  eight  months  after  he  again  began 
to  officiate,  and  continued  for  a  year.     A  change  of  scene  was  then  sought 
by  taking  charge  of  Dickinson  College,  but  in  three  years  he  found  himself 
compelled  to  resign  on  account  of  the  state  of  his  health.     He  spent  the 
last  five  years  of  his  life  among  his  friends  in  New- York,  when  another 
paralytic  stroke  hastened  his  death.     He  reached  the  age  of  sixty. 


154  THE    MINISTRY. 

Power  was  his  attribute  ;  power  of  intellect,  power  of  feeling.  He  was 
capable  alike  of  the  sublimest  thought  and  the  deepest  pathos.  There  was 
majesty  in  his  personal  appearance.  His  figure  was  erect,  his  countenance 
beaming  with  intelligence.  He  was  a  master  of  his  theme,  and  master  of 
language.  He  illustrated  and  adorned  his  position  with  the  most  rich  and 
glowing  imagery.  He  possessed  the  power  of  doing  what  he  pleased  with 
his  audience.  He  never  spent  his  strength  on  unimportant  topics.  He 
wanted  first  to  get  rid  of  the  vices  in  the  world,  and  to  this  end  Christ  cru- 
cified was  the  means.  He  had  studied  man  as  well  as  the  Bible,  and  knew 
the  avenues  to  the  heart.  He  possessed  great  tenderness  of  feeling,  exqui- 
site sensibility.  Yet  he  was  often  obliged  to  defend  himself  from  the  at- 
tacks of  envy  or  malignity.  He  was  generous  to  a  fault,  possessed  great 
intrepidity  of  character,  was  liberal  in  his  views  toward  others,  though 
strongly  attached  to  his  own  confession  of  faith.  He  was  unsurpassed  as 
a  Biblical  critic,  and  expounder,  and  instructor  of  youth.  Gradually  was 
he  reduced  in  health,  until  for  the  last  five  years,  retired  from  the  busy 
scenes  of  life,  he  spent  his  time  in  communings  with  his  Saviour.  Nearly 
one  hundred  young  men  were  trained  by  him  for  the  ministry. 

Mathews,  John  R.     N.Y.U.  1859,  N.B.S.  1862.     Einscopalian. 

Mathews,  James  M.  b.  in  Salem,  N.Y.  1785,  U.C.  1803,  Assoc.  Ref.  Sem., 
1807,  1.  Assoc.  Ref.  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1807;  Assistant  Prof,  in  Dr.  Mason's 
Sem.  1809-18,  supplied  South  Dutch,  Garden  St.  N.Y.C.  1811-12,  pastor 
of  South  Dutch,  1812-40,  Chancellor  of  University,  1831-9,  w.  c. 

Mattice,  Ab.  R.C.  1858,  N.B.S.  1862,  1.  CI.  Schoharie,  1862  ;  Miss,  to 
Kewascum,  Wis.  1862-4,  Eden,  1864-6,  Prof,  of  Ancient  Langs,  and  Ma- 
thematics, in  Riverside  Seminary,  Germantovvn,  N.Y.  1867 — 

Ma}'-,  Edward  H.  b.   1795,   Hoxton  Coll.    and  Sem.  London,  Eng.  1815, 

[Bary   Lane,    1815-..,    Rochford,    Essex, Corydon,    Surrey, ] 

Northumberland,  1835-6,  Northumberland  and  Schuylerville,  1836-9, 
Twenty-first  street,  N.Y.C.  1839-48,  Sec.  Col.  Soc.  1848-9,  Sec.  Sea- 
men's Friend's  Soc.  1849-57,  d.  1858.  See  Presbtjt.  Hist.  Almanac,  1860, 
204. 

Mayou,  Joseph,  R.C.  1855,  N.B.S.  1858,  1.  CI 1858  ;  voyage  to  India, 

Dec.  1858-Ap.  1859,  Arnee,  1859-62,  Gingee  Station,  1862-3,  Sattan- 
bady  and  Arnee,  1863-5,  Arnee,  Vellambi,  Aliendal,  and  out-stations, 
1865— 

McCartney,  Geo.  Rensselaer,  1849-57,  Northumberland  and  Gansevoort, 
1857-63,  d.  1864. 

McClelland,  Alex.  b.  at  Schenectady,  1796,  U.C.  1809,  studied  under 
Mason,  lie.  by  Assoc.  Ref.  Pre.sbyt.  1815  (N.Y.C.  Rutgers  St.  Presbyt. 
1815-22,  Prof,  of  Logic,  Metaphysics  and  Bel.  Let.  in  Dickinson  Col. 
1822-9,  Prof,  of  Langs,  in  Rutgers  Col.  1829-32,  Prof,  of  Evidences  of 


Gym  oyfUl 


lingraved  £y  H  B  Haill  fi-om  a  Daguexreolv; 


THE    MINISTRY.  155 

Christianity  in  Rutgers  Col.  1840-51,  Prof,  of  Oriental  Langs,  and  Lit. 
in  New-Brunswick  Scm.  1832-51,  d.  1864. 

He  was  remarkable  for  the  keenness,  breadth,  and  force  of  his  mind.  He 
had  the  faculty  of  concentrating  all  his  powers  on  a  given  subject.  What- 
ever he  undertook,  he  was  iotns  in  ■illis.  Ilis  robust  intellect  abhorred 
vagueness,  guesswork,  and  skimming  over  the  surface  of  a  subject.  lie 
spared  no  pains,  and  was  rewarded  with  corresponding  success. 

Few  men  in  the  pulpit  were  so  widely  popular,  among  all  classes,  as  he 
was.  He  preached  the  old  Gospel,  but  it  was  with  ever  new  freshness 
and  force,  and  with  an  individuality  of  statement  and  application  peculiar 
to  himself.  Much  was  due  to  the  brilliancy  of  his  flashing  eye,  the  mani- 
fold resources  of  his  sonorous  and  musical  voice,  the  naturalness  and  energy 
of  his  whole  action  in  the  pulpit,  all  of  which  were  greatly  enhanced  by  his 
habit  in  early  years  of  speaking  memofiter.  The  whole  discourse  was  so 
thoroughly  mastered  that  he  obtained  the  ai'S  celare  artem,  and  uttered  his 
words  with  as  much  freedom  as  if  they  were  born  of  the  moment.  Voice 
and  manner  were  wholly  unconstrained,  yet  they  were  perfectly  adapted 
to  the  occasion.  But  these  alone  would  never  have  produced  the  effect 
always  wrought  by  his  efforts.  He  was  clear,  connected,  and  thorough 
in  his  treatment  of  a  subject.  He  was  powerful  in  statement,  having  the 
instructive  gift  of  putting  the  right  word  in  the  right  place.  Often  his 
utterances  were  as  pregnant  as  those  of  Bacon  in  the  Essays.  For  ex- 
ample, to  set  forth  the  impossibility  of  our  Maker's  being  ever  under  in- 
ducement to  depart  from  the  truth,  he  said,  "  Power  never  lies." 

His  extensive  reading  furnished  him  with  a  range  of  illustration  not  often 
equaled  in  breadth  and  appropriateness,  and  his  fine  imagination  gave  him 
a  singular  power  of  reproducing  the  past  or  the  distant,  for  the  present  im- 
pression of  his  hearers.  His  topics  covered  the  whole  range  of  homiletics  ; 
but  whatever  the  theme,  the  arrangement  was  lucid,  the  argument  logical, 
the  style  clear  as  crystal,  the  main  point  held  steadily  in  view,  and  at 
times,  when  the  occasion  prompted,  a  burst  of  eloquence  carried  the  whole 
audience  captive. 

His  prayers  were  noted  for  simplicity,  humilit)',  reverence,  and  the  apt 
and  abundant  use  of  Scripture  phraseology.  His  reading  of  the  word  of 
God  was  an  intellectual  treat.  "Wliat  distinctness  of  utterance,  what  power 
of  expression,  what  variety  of  tone,  what  profound  reverence  of  manner  ! 
"  Come,  boys,  let  us  go  up  to  prayers  this  evening,  and  hear  Dr.  Mac  read 
Job,"  used  to  say  a  theological  student  to  his  comrades. 

But  his  fame  as  a  preacher  was  far  outstripped  by  his  success  as  a  pro- 
fessor. Every  student  felt  and  showed  the  influence  of  a  teacher  whose 
own  enthusiasm  enkindled  that  of  the  class,  and  made  the  abstrusest  and 
dryest  of  themes  attractive.  He  gave  young  men  the  mastery  over  their 
own  minds,  imparted  the  secrets  of  mental  discipline,  and  instead  of  stor- 
ing them  with  acquisitions,  put  them  in  the  way  of  making  acquisitions  for 
themselves,  while  life  should  last.  He  was  an  unequalled  teacher  of  He- 
brew.    Hardly  a   young  man   could  graduate  from  the   New-Brunswick 


156  THE    MINISTRY. 

Seminary  without  being  well  grounded  in  that  language.  He  also  taught 
them  how  to  read,  study,  and  think.  Even  the  dullest  minds  he  roused  as 
with  the  blast  of  a  trumpet. 

In  exegesis  he  was  masterly.  The  ordinary  canons  of  interpretation  he 
explained  and  enforced  with  power,  but  the  varied  capacities  of  his  mind 
were  best  exhibited  in  commenting  upon  the  great  apostle,  or  on  Isaiah. 
His  logical  acumen  was  grandly  developed  while  dealing  with  the  former, 
while  in  the  case  of  the  latter,  the  sympathy  of  his  own  soaring  genius  with 
the  eloquent  seer,  enabled  him  to  enter  into,  and  display  the  full  force  of 
those  lofty  oracles.  He  had  infirmities  of  temper,  which  were  greatly 
aggravated  by  the  inroads  of  disease.  Dullness  in  his  pupils  was  most  an- 
noying to  him.  He  read  the  English  Bible  for  devotion,  lest  this  use  of  it 
should  be  absorbed  in  the  current  of  his  critical  investigations.  He  talked 
instructively  and  suggestively  on-  every  topic,  and  at  times  with  deepest 
feeling  on  matters  of  experimental  religion  He  was  the  author  of  a  volume 
entitled,  "  Canon  and  Interpretation  of  Scripture,"  a  pamphlet  on  "  The 
Marriage  Question,"  and  two  discourses,  the  one  on  a  "  Standing  Ministry, 
the  other,  "A  Vindication  of  the  Religious  Spirit  of  the  Age."  A  volume 
of  his  sermons  has  been  published  since  his  death. 

McClure,  Alex.  Wilson,  b.  in  Boston,  1808,  Y.C.  and  A.C.  1827,  A.S.  1830  ; 

(Maiden,  Mass.  1830-41,  St.  Augustine,  Florida,  1841-4,  Ed.  of  Christicni 

Olservatory,  1844-7,  Maiden,  1848-52,)  Jersey  City  1st,  1852-5,  Cor. 

Sec.  Am.  and  For.  Ch.  Union,  1855-8,  Chaplain  at  Rome,  Italy,  1856, 

d.  1865. 

He  was  great-grandson,  on  his  mother's  side,  of  Rev.  John  Morehead, 
first  Presbyterian  minister  at  Boston.  His  fondness  for  reading  was  re- 
markable from  his  youth.  During  the  last  term  of  his  senior  year  in  col- 
lege he  was  a  very  marked  subject  of  a  powerful  revival,  and  he  at  once 
devoted  himself  to  the  ministry.  His  labors  in  his  first  charge  were  largely 
blessed  and  the  church  greatly  strengthened.  In  Florida,  he  also  labored 
among  the  military  then  stationed  there  with  great  assiduity,  and  also  in  a 
general  way  in  the  cause  of  temperance,  until  the  guard-house  became 
nearly  useless.  A  number  of  the  soldiers  who  afterward  fell  in  the  Mexi- 
can war  were  the  happy  subjects  of  converting  grace  through  his  labors. 
He  was  chosen  to  succeed  Dr.  Baird  in  the  American  and  Foreign  Christian 
Union.  At  the  great  anniversaries  in  London  and  Paris  he  represented 
this  Society.  He  secured,  after  great  labor,  the  erection  of  the  chapel  in 
Paris  for  Protestant  worship.  (Mason,  E.)  In  March,  1859,  while  at  Rut- 
land, Vt.,  he  was  suddenly  attacked  by  asthma  and  disabled  from  active 
labors. 

He  was  a  frequent  writer  for  the  press.  The  Life-Boat :  an  Allegory, 
Foitr  Lectures  mi  Ultra  Universalism,  Lives  of  the  Chief  Fathers  of  Neio- 
England,  in  two  volumes.  The  Translators  Revived,  are  some  of  his  publi- 
cations. Very  much  of  the  matter  in  the  Observatory  was  from  his  pen, 
and  half  a  dozen  of  the  articles  in  the  Neio-Brxmswich  Review.     The  article 


THE    MINISTRY.  157 

on  "  Native  Depravity''  in  the  Literary  and  Theological  Review  was  also 
from  his  pen. 

lie  was  a  man  of  great  and  varied  learning,  a  true  scholar.  He  knew 
something  valuable  in  every  department  of  knowledge,  while  in  many 
things  he  went  deep.  Bacon's  Kocxim  Organon  was  familiar  to  him,  and 
works  of  that  class  were  comprehended  by  him  with  wonderfid  facility. 
No  man  ever  had  a  greater  range  of  illustrative  incidents  in  history  and 
in  literature  generally,  and  they  fitted  so  aptly  for  his  purpose  that  they 
seemed  created  for  his  use.  lie  had  a  supcrabounding  wit.  His  conver- 
sation sparkled  with  brilliant  remarks,  keen  satire,  playful  imagery,  quota- 
tions from  almost  every  source,  especially  the  sayings  of  great  and  good 
men  among  the  ancients,  and  a  vivid  perception  of  the  false  and  wrong,  with 
an  unsparing  delineation  of  it,  together  with  a  brinnning  admiration  of  what 
was  excellent ;  all  this  made  him  a  most  agreeable  and  profitable  compa- 
nion. His  friendships  and  personal  attachments  were  very  ardent ;  he 
was  a  faithful,  disinterested  friend ;  he  never  shirked  duty  ;  and  when  his 
presence  and  influence  were  needed  in  adversity,  he  was  as  bold  as  a  lion 
in  defending  those  who  were  unjustly  assailed,  while  he  could  in  a  masterly 
way  and  by  a  few  words  expose  the  pretentious,  and  lay  bare  a  sophism. 

He  was  also  trul}'  a  devotional  man.  Listening  to  his  facetiousness, 
which  would  keep  a  company  excited  with  mirth,  one  would  be  greatly 
struck,  on  hearing  him  pra)"-,  with  the  deep  reverence  and  awe,  and  the 
earnest  supplicatory  tone  of  his  prayer.  He  was  a  godly  man,  a.  sound 
divine,  a  trenchant  controversialist,  (as  witness  his  unparalleled  Lectures 
on  Unicei'salism,  a  theological  classic,  unanswered  and  unanswerable, 
solemn,  mirth-provoking,  severe,  good-natured,  argumentative,  and  full  of 
incident ;)  and  withal  he  was  truly  a  Christian  gentleman.  Marvellous 
were  his  sufferings  during  many  years  ;  but  God  had  chosen  him  in  the 
furnace,  and  there  are  few  who  have  been  better  prepared  to  appreciate  and 
enjoy  the  holiness  and  bliss  of  heaven. — Dr.  N.  Adams,  in  Boston  Eccorder. 

McClure,  John,  N.B.S.  1822,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1822  ;  Spottswood,  1822-5,  d. 

McDowell,  Robt.,  lie.  1790  ;  Bay  of  Cante,  Canada,  1798-1800,  Adolphus- 
town,  Earnest-town,  and  Frcdericksburgh,  Canada,  1800-20.  He  was 
general  Miss,  of  Classis  of  Albany  in  the  north. ^ 

McEcKKON,  Geo.  M.     Poughkcepsie,  1858-GG,  N.Y.C.  Presbyt.  1868— 

McFarlane,  Jas.  Bloomingdale  and  Rosendale,  1843-5,  Canajoharie,  18-1:5- 
8,  English  Neighborhood,  1849-55,  Esopus,  1855-Gl. 

McGregor,  Ed.  R.  N.Y.U.  1843,  from  2d  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1854 ;  Livingston 
Ch.  N.Y.C.  1855,  Presbyt. 

McKee,  Jos.     West.  Ch.  Sixth  Av.  N.Y.C.  1852-8,  d.  18G3. 

McKelvev,  Alex.  R.C.  1855,  N.B.S.  1858,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1858  ;  Irvington, 
1858-GO,  Totowa  1st,  1860-5,  Coxsackie  Landing,  18G5-G,  Rector  of 
Grammar  School,  New-Brunswick,  186G-7,  Greenpoint,  18G7 — 


158  THE     MINISTRT. 

McKelvey,  John,  N.B.S.  1827 ;  Miss,  to  Argyle,  Fort  Miller,  and  Wilton, 
1827,  Niskayuna  and  Amity,  1827-30,  deposed,  1831 ;  at  Port  Hope, 
Canada. 

McLaren,  Malcolm  N.  U.C.  1824  ;  Brooklyn  Central,  1847-50,  Newburgh, 
1850-9. 

McLean,  Chs.  G.     From  Presbyt.  Newcastle,  1844 ;  Fort  Plain,  1844-51. 
McLean,  Robt.    From  England,  1822  ;  Miss,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Broad- 
way and  Canal  St.  1824,  Broome  St.  N.Y.C.  1824-6,  returned  to  Great 

Britain  and  preached  in  Liverpool,  d.  1850. 
McMurray,  Wm.   b.   in  Salem,   1784,   U.C.  1804,  tutor  in  U.C.  180G-7, 

I.Assoc.  Ref.  1808;  (Lansingburgh,  1808-11,)  Rhinebeck  Flats,  1812- 

20,  N.Y.C.  Market  St.  1820-35,  d. 

Few  have  evinced  a  greater  purity,  loveliness  of  character, "consistency, 
and  fidelity  in  every  part  of  Christian  and  ministerial  duty,  and  few  have 
displayed  a  more  instructive,  peaceful  death-bed.  An  affectionate  confi- 
dence and  respect  from  the  whole  community  centred  on  him,  and  he  died 
lamented  and  honored  by  all. 

His  parents  were  eminent  for  their  piety  and  wished  him  to  preach  the 
Gospel,  and  much  of  his  superior  ripeness  in  piety  was  derived  from  that 
unction  which  pervaded  the  walk  and  conversation  of  his  parents.  Discre- 
tion, soundness  of  judgment,  a  sweet  and  soothing  influence  in  his  manners 
and  conduct  peculiarly  his  own,  were  prominent  characteristics.  His  power 
was  often  felt,  not  only  in  calming  the  troubled  mind,  but  in  scenes  of  de- 
bate ;  where  warmth  of  argument  was  rising  too  high,  his  voice  would  fall 
like  oil  to  calm  the  rising  tempest.  He  was  kind  toward  all, 'affectionate 
to  those  he  loved,  and  thus  qualified  peculiarly  for  usefulness  among  the 
young  of  his  flock  whose  hearts  were  allured  to  religion  by  his  friendly 
smile..  Of  his  death,  says  Dr.  Matthews  :  "  I  never  saw  a  death-bed  scene 
of  such  varied  joys,  such  wonderfully  enlarged  views  of  divine  truth  and  of 
the  promises  which  reveal  it,  such  an  entire  superiority  to  every  earthly 
tie  and  feeling.  His  spirit  often  seemed  to  have  soared  away  so  far  toward 
heaven  as  to  have  lost  all  view  of  earthly  cares,  and  to  be  waiting  with  its 
eyes  fixed  upward,  and  upward  only,  for  the  signal  that  would  call  it  to  its 
heavenly  home." 
McNair,  John  L.     R.C.  1850,  N.B.S.  1853,  1.  S.C.  L.L  1853  ;  Oyster  Bay, 

1853-5,  Marbletown,  1855-9,  Acting  Sec.  Bd.  Ed.  1859-60,  Marbletown, 

1860-7,  Miss,  pastor  at  Fulton  St.  Ch.  N.Y.C.  18G7— 
McNtil,  Archibald,  united  toith  Secedcrs,  1823,    Owasco,  1823-3..,  Odd, 

183..— 
McNeish,  David,  b.  in  Scotland,  1820,  R.C.  1841,  N.B.S.  1844,  1.  CI.  N.Y. 

1844 ;    Centrevillc,   Mich.    1844-6,    Centreville   and    Constantine,    1846, 

Constantine,  1846-9,  South-Bend,  1849-52,  Constantine,  1852-4,  d. 

Educated  by  the  beneficence  of  the  church,  he  determined  to  go  and 
labor  just  where  the  church  might  send  him.  He  was  sent  to  the  Western 
field,  where  he  spent  his  life,  sometimes  engaged  in  building  up  new 


THE    MIXISTRY.  159 

churches  and  sometimes  infusing  new  life  into  old.  ITis  record  is  written 
in  alternate  trials  and  triumphs,  discouragements  and  successes.  lie 
endured  hardness  as  a  good  soldier  of  Jesus  Christ.  lie  was  emphatically 
a  sustaincr  of  his  hrcthrcn.  AVhcn  some  were  disposed  to  give  up  the 
AVestcrn  field,  his  zeal  burned  the  more  intensely  for  it.  His  mental  abili- 
ties were  of  a  high  order,  lie  was  a  close  and  acute  observer,  quick  in  his 
perceptions,  and  clear  and  discriminating  in  his  views.  His  mind  was  com- 
prehensive and  versatile,  and  his  temperament  ardent,  impulsive,  and  de- 
cided. His  qualities  were  of  that  positive  order  which  always  give  promi- 
nence both  to  a  man's  virtues  and  failings.  He  was  no  cold  speculator  in 
morals  or  theology,  but  a  practical,  common-sense,  warm-hearted  man. 
His  views  of  the  great  system  of  Gospel  truth  were  broad  and  deep.  His 
preaching  was  solid  and  practical,  argumentative  and  persuasive.  His 
early  natural  eloquence,  developed  into  a  genuine  and  soul-moving  oratory, 
was  wielded  in  the  pulpit  with  great  power.  It  was  perfectly  characteristic 
of  the  man,  now  moving  on  with  stormy  energy,  and  again  subsiding  into 
sweet-toned  strains  of  touching  eloquence.  In  the  pulpit,  there  was  a 
pervading,  awful  solemnity,  which  made  the  hearers  feel  that  it  was  no 
light  thing  to  appear  before  a  holy  God.  He  delighted  in  those  truths  of 
the  system  of  grace  which  are  the  strong  meat  of  the  ripe  believer.  His 
preaching  was  full  of  Christ,  uncompromising  toward  error,  faithful  to  the 
cross,  tender  to  the  sinner,  comforting  to  the  believer,  and  the  earnest 
utterance  of  his  own  warm  heart. 

McWiLLiAM,  Alex.  U.C.  1850,  Assoc.  Ref.  Sem.  now  United  Presbyt.  at 
Newburgh,  1854,  1.  by  Presbyt.  of  Caledonia,  1854;  [Graham  Ch,  Assoc. 
Ref.  1855-61,]  Walpeck,  1861— 

Mead,  Corn.  S.  U.C.  1841,  Aub.  S.  1844,  1.  Presbyt.  of  Cayuga,  1844; 
Rotterdam  1st,  1844-9,  Herkimer  Village,  1849-59,  Chatham,  1859— 

Mead,  Elias,  R.C.  1867,  student  in  N.B.S. 

Meeker*  Stephen  H.  C.C.  1821,  N.B.S.  1824,  I.  CI.  N.B.  182-1';  Bush- 
wick,  1825-30,  Jersey  City,  April-Oct.  18-30,  Bushwick,  1830— 

Meerwein,  Otto,  Frederick  William's  College,  Berlin,  Germany;  U.S.  1868, 
1.  by  3d  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1868;  Philadelphia  5th,  (at  Kensington,)  1868— 

Megapolensis,  Joannes,  b.  1603;  (^V ieringerwaard,  1634-..,  Schoorel  and 
Berge,  16.. -42;)  Rensselaerwyck,  1642-9,  New- Amsterdam,  1649-69, 
d. 

He  was  the  son  of  a  minister  in  Koedyk,  Holland,  of  the  same  name. 
He  came  over  under  the  patronage  of  the  Patroon  of  Rensselaerwyck,  en- 
gaging himself  for  six  years.  His  expenses  over  ■were  to  be  paid,  and  he 
was  to  receive  a  salary  of  one  thousand  guilders.  It  was  also  stipulated 
that  he  should  befriend  the  Patroon  in  every  possible  way.  The  call  was 
approved  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  and  he  arrived,  with  a  number  of 
emigrants,  in  August,  1642.  He  soon  exerted  a  visible  influence  in  re- 
straining the  immoralities  of  frontier  life.     He  was  instrumental  in  saving 


160  THE    MINISTRY. 

Father  Jaques,  a  Jesuit  missionary,  from  the  extremity  of  torture  and  pro- 
bable death  at  the  hands  of  the  Mohawk  Indians.  Father  Jaques  had  been 
captured  while  ascending  the  St.  Lawrence.  The  Dutch  at  once  sought  to 
ransom  him,  but  w-ere  refused.  At  first  the  Indians  despised  his  zeal ; 
but  after  some  months  they  began  to  listen  to  his  teachings,  and  some 
were  baptized.  They  took  him  with  them  to  Fort  Orange.  While  there, 
a  report  was  received  that  the  French  had  defeated  the  Mohawks,  and  the 
Dutch  commander  advised  the  missionary  not  to  risk  their  vengeance  by 
returning,  but  now  to  effect  his  escape.  He  remained  in  close  concealment 
for  six  weeks.  Domine  Megapolensis  was  his  constant  friend,  and  saw 
him  safely  embarked  for  New-Amsterdam,  whence  he  proceeded  to  Europe. 
He  subsequently  returned  to  Canada  and  visited  the  Mohawks,  by  whom 
he  was  now  put  to  death. 

Megapolensis  also  learned  the  heavy  language  of  the  Mohawks,  so  as  to 
be  able  to  preach  to  them  fluently.  A  number  of  them  united  with  his 
church  in  Albany.  He  was  the  first  Protestant  missionary  to  the  Indians, 
preceding  by  several  years  John  Eliot,  in  New-England.  In  1644,  he 
wrote  a  tract  on  the  Mohawk  Indians,  which  was  published  in  Holland  in 
1651.  It  is  now  to  be  found  in  iV.  Y.  Hist.  Col.  iii.  Stopping  at  New- 
Amsterdam  on  his  way  back  to  Europe,  he  was  prevailed  on  bj'^  Governor 
Stuyvesant  to  remain  there,  that  that  colony  might  not  be  left  destitute  of 
ministerial  service,  Backerus  having  just  left.  While  here  he  exhibited 
an  intolerant  spirit  toward  the  Lutherans  and  Independents.  The  West- 
India  Company  enjoined  him  not  to  be  too  precise  on  indifferent  matters, 
which  rather  tended  to  create  schism  than  to  edify  the  flock.  In  1658,  he 
was  visited  by  Father  Le  Moyne,  a  Jesuit,  who  spent  the  winter  in  New- 
Netherlands.  A  warm  friendship  grew  up  between  them.  He  afterward 
carried  on  a  correspondence  with  him,  when  he  returned  to  Canada,  on 
controversial  topics.  To  prevent  effusion  of  blood,  as  they  had  no  ade- 
quate means  of  defence,  he  strongly  advised  Stuyvesant  to  surrender  when 
the  English  demanded  it,  in  1664.  He  was  a  man  of  thorough  schdarship, 
energetic  character,  and  devoted  piety.  He  saw  the  infancy  of  the  Dutch 
province,  watched  its  growth,  and  saw  its  surrender.  The  original  form  of 
the  family  name  was  Van  Mekelenburg,  which  was  Hellenized  into  Mega- 
polensis when  his  father  came  into  Holland,  becoming  minister  at  Egmont 
on  the  sea,  and  afterw^ird  at  Koedyck  and  Pancras,  in  North-Holland. 

The  following  epitaph  was  written  by  Domine  Selyns : 

GRAAFSCHRIFT. 

Nieuw-Nederlandcr  schreyt, 

En  spaert  geen  tranen,  want 
Megapolensis  leyt 

(Zuyl  van  Nieuw-Nederlandt) 
Hier  uyt  syn  voile  leden. 

Syn  onvermoeyde  werck 
Was  bidden  dag  en  nacht, 

En  yv'ren  in  Godts  kerck. 
Nu  rust  hy,  en  belacht 

Des  weerelts  ydelheden. 


THE    MINISTKY.  IGl 

New-Netherlander,  weep. 

Check  not  the  pushing  tear. 
In  perfect  shape  doth  sleep 

Meg;ipolensis  here — 
New-Ncthcrland's  great  treasure. 

His  never-tiring  work 
Was,  day  and  night,  to  pray. 

And  zeal  in  th'  Church  exert. 
Now  let  him  rest,  where  may 

lie  scorn  all  worldly  pleasure. 

Mcgapolensis,  Samuel,  (s.  of  John  Mcgapolensis,)  b.  1634,  Utrecht  Uni- 
versity, 1059,  1.  CI.  Amsterdam,  1G59;  New-York  and  Brooklyn,  1604-8, 
returned  to  Holland,  (Wieringerwoord,  1670-7,  Flushing,  (Scotch  Ch.) 
1077-85,  Dordrecht,  (Scotch,)  1085-1700,  emeritus.) 
lie  was  sent  to  Harvard  College,  in  1055,  to  study  the  classics  and  Eng- 
lish branches,  and  in  September,  1058,  was  sent  to  Holland  to  enjoy  the 
advantages  of  the  University  at  Utrecht.     His  father,  in  a  letter,  expresses 
the  desire  that  he  may  return  commissioned  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam, 
and  qualified,  (even  at  that  early  day,)  to  preach  both  in  Dutch  and  iMiglish. 
He  remained  six  years,  studying  medicine  also,  in  the  University  of  Leyden, 
and  on  his  return  to  New-Amsterdam,  Selj-ns  was  allowed  to  return  to 
Holland,  (Jul,v,  1004.) 

But  the  time  of  the  surrender  was  at  hand.  In  August,  he  and  his 
father,  with  many  others,  were  sent  to  meet  Nicholls,  whose  fleet  lay 
menacing  the  city.  He  was  one  of  the  commissioners  also  appointed  to 
prepare  the  terms  of  surrender.  Probably  it  was  through  his  influence 
that  the  rights  of  the  Reformed  Church  were  so  carefully  guarded.  After- 
ward, in  Holland,  he  labored  in  the  same  church  for  a  time,  (Flushing,)  from 
which,  a  century  later,  Laidlie  M'as  called  to  preach  in  English  in  New- 
York. 

Meinema,  Benj.  lie.  1727  ;  Poughkeepsie  and  Fishkill,  1745-55,  d.  1701. 

Merrill,  Franklin,   b.  1819,  P.S.  1848;   (Hempstead,  L.I.  1848-53,  Still- 
water, N.Y.  1853-8,)  Saratoga,  1858-61,  d. 

He  was  an  earnest  and  instructive  preacher,  without  being  a  brilliant 
and  fascinating  one ;  yet  even  if  he  had  been  the  latter,  he  would  have 
merged  and  sunk  his  own  brilliancy  in  the  surpassing  effulgence  of  the 
cross.  "Without  rhetorical  grace  and  flourish,  he  had  the  higher  art  of  im- 
pressing the  message  of  God  with  a  point  and  pungency,  which  made  the 
careless  solemn,  and  those  at  ease  in  Zion,  anxious  and  troubled.  He  be- 
sought his  hearers  with  tears  to  become  reconciled  to  God.  He  felt  that 
the  responsibility  of  watching  for  souls  was  high  and  awful.  There  was- 
an  honest-dealing  directness,  an  evangelical  ardor  and  tenderness  about  his 
utterances,  that  suffered  few  who  heard  him  to  remain  unmoved.  "With  a 
body  never  robust  and  health  greatly  impaired,  so  as  to  make  preaching  in 
the  latter  part  of  his  life  laborious,  his  appeals  were  invested  witii  peculiar 
pensiveness,  which  heightened  their  effect.  He  was  blessed  with  several 
revivals  and  large  accessions  to  the  church. 
11 


162  THE  MINISTRY. 

Merritt,  Wm.  B.  E.g.  1862,  N.B.S.  1865,  1.  CI.  N.Y,  1865  ;  Flatbusli, 
(Ulster,)  1865— 

Mesick,  John  F.  E.G.  1834,  N.B.S.  1837,  1.  Gl.  Green,  1837;  Rochester, 
1838-40,  [Harrisburgh,  Ger.  Ref.]  1840-55,  Raritan  2d,  1855— 

Messler,  Ab.  U.C.  1821,  N.B.S.  1824,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1824;  Miss,  to  Mont- 
ville,  Aug.-Nov.  1824,  Miss,  to  Ovid,  1824,  Ovid,  1825-8,  Miss,  ia  North 
St.  New-York  City,  1828-9,  Pompton  Plains  and  Montville,  1829-32, 
Raritan  1st,  1832— 

Meuri,  John,    Melrose,  1867 — 

Meyer,  Hermanus,  b.  in  Germany,  17. .,  studied  in  one  of  the  Holland  Uni- 
versities ;  Kingston,  1763-73,  Totowa,  Fairfield,  and  Pompton  Plains, 
1772-85,  Totowa  and  Pompton  Plains,   1785-91,  d.   Oct.  27th.     Also 
Prof,  of  Hebrew,  1784-91,  and  Lector  in  Theology,  1786-91. 
He  was  as  much  distinguished  for  the  warmth  of  his  piety  and  the  ardor 
of  his  evangelical  preaching,  as  for  his  deep  reading  and  learning.     But  a 
few  months'  exercise  of  his  faithful  preaching,  made  it  manifest  that  there 
was  a  wide  difference  between  his  sentiments  and  zeal,  and  those  to  which 
the  people  of  his  first  charge  had  been  accustomed.     Mancius,  his  prede- 
cessor, had  much  learning  and  ability  for  discussion,  and  could  triumph- 
antly defend  the  doctrines  ;  but,  alas  !  consciences  slumbered.     Meyer,  on 
the  other  hand,  was  very  practical  and  pointed.     His  preaching  excited 
disgust,  opposition,  and  enmit}^     Such  was  the  disposition  in  many  of  the 
■early  churches  toward  doctrines  which  they  now  love. 

So  practical  was  his  preaclung,  that  many  of  his  people  declared  that, 
•while  they  respected  the  man,  it  was  impossible  to  sit  under  his  ministr3^ 
After  preaching  once  pointedly  on  the  necessity  of  regeneration,  one  of  his 
officers  met  him  and  said,  "  Flesh  and  blood  cannot  endure  such  preach- 
ing." He  quickly  answered,  "  Flesh  and  blood  cannot  inherit  the  kingdom 
of  God."     They  could  find  no  just  ground  of  accusation  against  him. 

In  1764,  he  was  compelled  by  the  civil  authorities  to  take  the  oath  of 
allegiance  to  Great  Britain,  renouncing,  as  the  oath  required,  all  allegiance, 
-civil  or  ecclesiastical,  to  any  other  power.  This  made  him  feel  that  he  had 
abjured  the  authority  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  though  he  desired  to 
keep  up  brotherly  correspondence.  The  matter  was  so  important  that  it 
^became  the  subject  of  ofiBcial  correspondence  by  the  civil  power,  as  it  was 
feared  that  independent  charters  of  non-conforming  churches  might  become 
•detrimental  to  the  Established  Church  of  England.  Yet  the  terms  of  sur- 
render in  1664,  expressly  guaranteed  to  the  Dutch,  freedom  in  all  religious 
matters.  But  the  Coetus  party  now  took  advantage  of  this  matter  of  the 
oath  to  help  their  cause.  Dr.  Meyer  at  first  indeed  refused  to  take  it,  and 
'Only  on  the  advice  of  Hon.  Wm.  Livingston,  an  eminent  jurist  of  New- 
Jersey,  did  he  finally  consent.  This  gave  great  offence  to  his  consistory, 
who  were  of  the  Conferentie  party.  • 


THE   MINISTRY.  ]G3 

At  length  his  marriage  with  one  of  the  families  of  the  Coetus  party* 
formed  division  lines.  The  flames  of  discord  began  to  spread.  The  Churcli 
was  convulsed.  Certain  Conferentie  ministers  (Rysdyck,  Fryenmoet,  and 
Cock)  were  invited  by  his  enemies  to  come  and  judge  their  affairs,  and, 
though  themselves  fighting  against  independent  judicatories  in  America, 
audaciously  took  it  upon  themselves  to  hear  charges  and  to  suspend  Mr. 
Meyer  from  the  ministry,  discharging  his  congregation  from  their  obliga- 
tions to  him.  Party  lines  were  formed,  approving  or  condemning  this 
strange  procedure.  Thus  this  excellent  and  exceedingly  useful  man  by  a 
faction  was  shut  out  of  his  church.  But  he  continued  to  preach  for  seven 
years  in  private  houses  to  such  as  loved  the  Gospel.  The  Classis  of  Am- 
sterdam never  lost  confidence  in  his  integrity,  and  at  the  convention  to 
effect  a  union  of  the  parties,  in  1771,  he  was  admitted  to  an  equal  sent  and 
voice  without  hesitation.  But  about  this  time  he  received  a  call  from 
New-Jersey  which  he  accepted,  and  his  ministerial  success  there  was  sig- 
nally gi'eat.  His  trials  and  afflictions  all  wrought  for  his  good,  lie  be- 
came more  earnest,  and  practical,  and  evangelical,  than  ever.  He  was  sub- 
sequently honored  by  being  chosen  to  two  professorships  by  tlie  Synod. 
But  his  old  enemies  at  Kingston  never  became  reconciled  to  him.  Yet  the 
consistory  there,  in  180G,  virtually  allowing  the  former  bad  treatment,  at- 
tempted to  call  his  son-in-law,  Rev.  Jeremiah  Romeyn,  though  without 
success.  They  also  hoped  in  this  waj^  to  cover  their  pecuniary  obligations 
to  Dr.  Meyer,  they  having  not  paid  his  salary  to  him  for  several  j'ears  be- 
fore he  removed  away.  !Mr.  Romeyn,  however,  went  and  preached  for 
them  on  the  angels'  song  at  the  birth  of  Christ.  Dr.  M.  was  the  intimate 
friend  of  Westerlo  of  Albany.  The  happiness  of  his  dying  bed  is  described 
in  Mag.  R.  D.  C,  ii.  300.  He  possessed  full  assurance.  He  was  a  man 
of  great  erudition,  of  a  mild  and  humble  temper,  polite  and  unaffected  in 
his  manners,  and  eminently  pious.  His  great  humility  prevented  him 
from  being  as  generally  useful  as  he  deserved,  but  those  who  were  ac- 
quainted with  his  worth  esteemed  him  as  one  of  the  best  of  men. 

Meyer,  John  II.     C.C.  1795,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  I.  CI.  X.Y. 

1798  ;  New-Paltz  and  IS.ew-Hurley,  1799-1803,  Schenectady,  1803-6. 

He  was  an  accomplished  scholar,  speaking  with  great  fluency  and 
elegance  both  in  Dutch  and  English.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  gifted  and 
popular,  and  was  possessed  of  a  peculiar  unction  in  his  delivery.  He  was 
a  son  of  Hermanns  Meyer. — StiWs  Hist.  Ch.  New-Paltz. 

Meyer,  Karl,  from  Hesse,  Ger.  18C3  ;  S.S.  New-Brunswick  3d,  1863-4, 
Miss,  in  Jersey  City,  1804-6,  S.S.  New-Brunswick,  1807— 

Meyers,  Ab.  II.  U.C.  1827,  N.B.S.  1830, 1.  CI.  N.B.  1830  ;  St.  Jolinsville, 
1830-1,  Beaverdam  and  Berne,  1831-5,  Belleville,  1835-7,  St.  Johnsville, 
1837-44,  S.S.  Berne  and  Schaghticoke,  1844-8,  Manheim,  1848-52,  Glen- 

*  He  married  the  sister  of  Dr.  Ilardcnbergh. 


164  THE  MINISTBT. 

ville  1st,  1852-4,  North-Esopus,  1855-6,  Germantown,  1856-G2,  S.S.  at 
Esopus,  1862-5,  Saddle  River,  1866— 

Michael,  Daniel,  R.C.  1833,  N.B.S.  1836,  1.  CI.  Montgomery,  1886  ;  Domes- 
tic Miss,  at  Redford,  Mich,  1836-47,  d.  1865. 

MICHAELIUS,  JONAS,  b.  157T,  educated  at  University  of  Leyden,  lie. 
16  .  . ;  [Niewbokswonde,  1612-14,  Hem,  1614-16...,  St.  Salvador,  1624-5, 
Guinea,  1626-7,]  New-Amsterdam,  1628-33,  returned  to  Holland. 
Jonas  Michaelius  was  the  first  minister,  of  the  Reformed  Church,  in 
America.  He  has  taken  this  honor  from  Rev.  E.  Bogardus,  to  whom  it 
was  long  conceded.  Through  the  researches  of  J.  J.  Bodel  Nijenhius,  a 
letter  was  discovered  in  the  archives  at  the  Hague,  bringing  these  facts  to 
light,  and  which  was  transmitted  in  1858,  by  Mr.  Henry  C.  Murphj^,  the 
American  minister  stationed  there,  and  is  found  in  Colonial  History  of 
New-York,  vol.  ii.,  pp.  759-770.  The  letter  is  dated  New-Amsterdam, 
August  11th,  1628,  and  is  directed  to  Rev.  Adrian  Smoutius,  Amsterdam. 
It  is  not  known  exactly  how  long  he  remained  in  New-Amsterdam,  but  in 
1637-8,  he  is  styled  "  late  minister  to  Virginia,"  (or  America.)  Since  we 
have  no  proof  that  he  was  colleague  with  Bogardus,  who  came  in  1633,  we 
may  safely  suppose  that  he  continued  not  more  than  four  or  five  years, 
leaving  New-Amsterdam  before  Bogardus'  arrival.  The  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam wished  to  send  him  back  in  1637,  but  he  did  not  return.  He  was 
married  in  1612,  his  wife  dying  iia  May,  1628,  seven  weeks  after  their  ar- 
rival, leaving  three  children.  He  arrived  at  New-Amsterdam  April  7th, 
1628.  He  had  a  tempestuous  voyage,  having  embarked  on  Jan.  24th  pre- 
ceding. At  his  first  communion  here,  he  had  fifty  communicants.  He 
paints  a  sad  picture  of  the  low  condition  of  the  natives,  and  proposes  to  let 
the  parents  go,  and  try  and  educate  the  children.  His  letter  breathes  a 
spirit  of  deep  piety,  and  submission  to  the  Divine  will  in  all  his  bereave- 
ments.— For  letter  and  fuller  jparticulars,  see  Col.  Hist.  A^.  Y.,  vol.  ii. 
759-770. 

Middlemas,  Jasper,     Blooming  Grove,  1840-3,  S.  S.  Salem  and  Berne  2d, 
1848-54,  Salem,  1854-5,  died  18  . . . 

Miles,  John  B.,  received  from  the  Presbyt.  Ch.  of  Ireland,   as  a  candidate, 
by  the  Classis  of  Ulster,  1799-1801,  dismissed. 

Milledoler,   Philip,   b.  at  Rhinebeck,  1775,  CO.  1793,  studied  under  Gros, 

ordained  by  G.  R.  Synod,  1794 ;  (N.  Y.  C.  Nassau   St.  Ger.  Ref.  1795- 

1800,   Philadelphia,   Pine  St.  Presbyt.   1800-5,  N.  Y.  C.  Rutgers    St. 

Presbyt.  1805-13,)  New- York,  1813-25,  Prof.   Theol.  and  Pres.  Rutgers 

College,  at  New-Brunswick,  and  Prof.  Moral  Phil.  1825-41,  d.  1852. 

His  parents  were  Swiss  Germans,  coming  from  the  Canton  of  Berne,  and 

settling  in  New- York  in  early  life.     During  the  occupation  of  the  city  by 

the  British,  they  took  up  their  abode  in  Rhinebeck.     They  were  members 

of  the  Nassau  Street  German  Reformed  church,  and  piously  sought  to  bring 


THE   MINISTRY.  165 

up  their  children  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord.  They  were  gladdened  by  the 
early  development  of  lovely  piety  in  their  son  Philip.  He  united  with  the 
church  in  very  early  youth,  and  at  once  chose  the  ministr}',  and  was 
licensed  in  his  nineteenth  year.  lie  soon  became  pastor  of  the  church  in 
which  he  had  been  reared,  preaching  both  in  German  and  in  English. 
These  early  labors  met  with  great  acceptance,  being  already  characterized 
by  the  rich  spiritual  unction  which  afterward  pervaded  his  prayers  and  dis- 
courses, while  his  development  of  cliaracter  and  conduct  attracted  interest 
and  respect.  "When  he  preached  in  English  many  of  other  denominations 
attended.  His  reputation  became  such,  that  on  the  I'cmoval  of  Dr.  Blair 
from  the  Third  Presbyterian  Church  of  Philadelphia,  he  received  a  unani- 
mous call,  which  he  accepted.  Here  he  labored  with  great  diligence  and 
success.  A  gentle,  yet  powerful  and  extended  religious  influence  spread 
among  the  people  of  his  charge,  so  that  large  additions  were  made  to  the 
church.  AThen  the  Rutgers  Street  Presbyterian  Church  of  New-York  was 
started,  he  was  chosen  as  the  man  eminently  adapted  for  the  enterprise, 
and  here,  too,  he  was  greatly  prospered.  The  reviving  influence  of  the 
Spirit  of  God  diffused  itself,  and  penetrated  like  the  dew  from  heaven. 
There  was  no  sudden  and  transient  excitement  like  a  passing  shower,  but 
rather  like  the  spring,  unfolding  itself,  and  spreading  its  streams  onward, 
broader  and  deeper.  But  few  ministries  have  been  more  blessed  than  his 
in  this  church. 

"While  in  New- York  he  was  sought  after  by  the  German  Reformed  church 
to  take  charge  of  their  projected  Seminary  at  Frederick,  Maryland,  but,  dif- 
ficulties springing  up  respecting  the  introduction  of  the  English  language, 
Dr.  M.  was  led  to  decline.  {Tevcent.  Monument,  548.)  lie  succeeded  Dr. 
Livingston,  however,  as  Professor  of  Theology,  and  President  of  Rutgers 
College,  in  New-Brunswick.  His  duties  in  this  double  office  were  dis- 
charged with  signal  industry  and  fidelity.  He  was  cordially  catholic  in  his 
spirit,  a  lover  of  good  men.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  organization  and 
development  of  some  of  the  leading  benevolent  institutions  of  the  daj-.  He 
was  especially  noted  for  his  peculiar  unction  in  prayer.  lie  seemed  to 
carry  his  hearers,  as  it  were,  to  the  very  portals  of  heaven.  This  gift  in 
him  was  marvellous.  When  Henry  Clay  was  received  by  the  Historical 
Society  of  New-York,  shortly  after  the  death  oi-  a  son,  Dr.  M.  made  the 
prayer.  Clay  was  so  much  impressed  that  he  sought  an  introduction  and 
expressed  his  thanks.  The  great  Dr.  !Mason  once  said  there  were  three 
men  who  prayed  as  if  they  were  immediately  inspired  from  heaven.  One 
was  Rowland  Hill,  the  other  was  a  certain  layman,  and  the  third  was  Dr. 
M.  This  gift  led  him  to  give  a  prominence  in  his  sermons  to  Christian  ex- 
perience, in  the  delineation  and  dissection  of  which,  he  was  rarely  excelled. 
He  was  of  a  commanding  form,  a  pleasant  mien,  and  attractive  manners. 
He  was  a  preacher  of  superior  gifts.  His  piety  was  ardent,  confiding,  and 
laborious.  His  success  in  the  ministry  was  marked  ;  many  and  powerful 
revivals  attended  it.  His  sick  chamber  was  quite  on  the  verge  of  heaven. 
His  wife  died  one  day  after  him,  and  their  funerals  were  held  together. 


166  THE   MINISTRY. 

Miller,  Edward,  R.C.  1857,  N.B.S.  1860,  1.  CI.  Hudson,  1800;  Berne  and 
Bcaverdam,  1800 — 

Miller,  Isaac  L.  Kip,  R.C.  1840,  student  in  N.B.S.,  d.  1846. 

[Miller,  John  Peter,  b.  1715,  studied  at  Heidelberg,  (Ger.,)cameto  Ameri- 
ca 1730,  as  a  licentiate,  with  260  Palatine  emigrants  ;  was  ordained  in 
1730  by  the  Presbyt.  Synod  of  Philadelphia  ;  Tulpehocken,  1731-5  be- 
came a  hermit ;  died  1790.] 

Miller,  John  E.  b.  in  Albany,  1792,  U.C.  1812,  1.  1817;  (Miss,  in  the  South 
and  West,  1817-18,  Chester,  N.J.  1818-23,)  Tompkinsville,  1823-47, 
d.  Also  Chaplain  in  Marine  Hospital,  and  at  Seaman's  Retreat. 
In  his  chaplaincy,  he  was  undaunted  by  all  the  forms  of  disease  with 
which  the  hospital  was  acquainted.  Whatever  might  be  the  danger  to 
himself,  and  it  was  often  appalling,  or  from  whatever  land  the  suffering 
patient  might  have  come,  he  was  always  by  his  side  when  necessity  re- 
quired. He  preached  the  Gospel  with  a  simplicity  that  every  one  could 
understand,  and  with  an  earnestness  which  every  one  felt.  Did  collision 
or  irritation  arise  among  brethren,  he  poured  a  healing  oil  on  the  chafed 
spirit,  soothing  it  to  peace  and  kindness.  Was  bold  and  unblushing  iniqui- 
ty to  be  rebuked,  he  threw  the  fear  of  man  behind  him,  and  looked  only  at 
fidelity  to  God  and  duty.  He  walked  with  calm  spirit  and  unwavering 
step  through  rooms  charged  with  poisonous  contagion,  and  fetid  disease, 
bearing  the  message  of  salvation  to  the  guilty  and  lost.  He  was  an  Israel- 
ite indeed,  in  whom  was  no  guile.  His  bosom  was  transparent  as  the 
purest  fountain — an  utter  stranger  to  deceit.  He  said  only  what  he 
thought,  and  what  he  said  he  did.  The  transient  character  of  the  commu- 
nity prevented  him,  in  general,  from  seeing  the  fruits  of  his  labors.  This 
was  a  trial  to  him.  But  a  short  time  before  his  death,  the  Master  gladdened 
him  with  a  precious  revival,  especially  among  the  young. 

Miller,  Wm.  A.,  b.  1824,  U.C,   1842,  N.B.S.   1845,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1845; 

Glenham,    1846-9,   Prof.    Langs.  Albany  Acad.    1849-56,    Rhinebeck, 

1850-9  ;  d.  1803. 

In  every  position  which  he  occupied  he  discharged  his  duties  with  fidel- 
it}',  energy,  and  success.  Gifted  with  a  mind  well  balanced,  and  thorough- 
ly cultivated,  he  was  qualified  for  wide-spread  usefulness.  He  was  an 
accurate,  well-read  scholar,  and  fully  equal  to  the  standard  of  modern  crit- 
icism. He  was  a  thorough,  analytical,  and  instructive  teacher.  As  a 
preacher,  he  clearly  presented  the  truth,  was  logical  in  his  reasonings, 
practical  in  his  expositions,  and  forcible  in  his  appeals.  As  a  Christian,  he 
was  meek  in  spirit,  ardent  in  piety,  and  earnest  in  his  endeavors  to  secure 
the  salvation  of  souls. 

Miller,  Wm.  H.  N.B.S.  1861,  1.  N.  CI.  L.  I.  1861;  Albany  3d,  1861-2, 
Mt.  Pleasant,  50th  st.,  N.Y.C.  1862-3,  w.  c. 

Mills,  Geo.     Ger.  Ref.  Ch.  N.Y.C.  1823-33. 


THE   MINISTRY.  167 

Mills,  Geo.  A.  R.C.  18G3,  N.B.S.  18GG,  1.  S.Cl.  L.I.  ISOG  ;  Taglikanio, 
18GG— 

Mills,  S.VMrtL  AV.  R.C.  1838,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1842;  Blooming- 
burgb,  1843-58,  Deerpark,  1858— 

MiLLSPAuon,  Alex.  C.  R.C.  1838,  N.B.S.  1841,  1.  CI.  Orange,  1841; 
Middletown  Village,  1841-6G,  Jerusalem  and  Onisquethaw,  18GG — 

MiNOK,  John,  R.C.  1842,  N.B.S.  1845,  I.  CI.  N.B.  1845;  Miss,  to  Ridge- 
way,  1845-8,  to  Centreville,  1848-50,  to  Keyport,  1850-1,  Leeds,  1851-6, 
Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  of  Publication,  1857-9,  Flatbusli,  (Ulster  Co.,)  1859-G4, 
Clenville  1st,  18G4— 

MoERDYK,  Peter,  H.C.  18GG,  student  of  Theology  at  Holland,  Mich.  18G0. 

MoERDYK,  AVm.     ILC.  18G6,  student  of  Theology  at  Holland,  Mich.  18G9. 

MonN,  Leopold,  from  Evan.  Miss.  Assoc,  Berlin,  1854;  North-Bergen, 
1854-7,  Hoboken,  (Ger.)  1857 — 

Monteith,  Walter,  b.  at  Broadalbin,  N.Y.  178.  .,  U.C.  1811,  Tutor  in  U.C. 

1812-15,  N.B.S.  1818;  Flatlands  and  Flatbush,  1819-20,  (Schenectady 

Presbyt.  1820-. .,  N.Y.C.  Pearl  st.  18.  .-29,)  d.  1834. 

His  talents  were  of  a  superior  order,  and  he  cultivated  them  with  dili- 
gence and  success.  His  piety  was  deep  and  energetic.  His  preaching  \vas 
instructive  and  edifying,  giving  profound  and  comprehensive  views  of  truth. 
He  was  somewhat  reserved  in  his  manner,  yet  an  interesting  companion, 
and  a  great  supporter  of  the  rising  benevolent  institutions.  In  1828,  he 
was  taken  with  an  affection  of  the  throat  which  baffled  human  skill.  He 
resigned  his  charge  in  1829,  and  sought  the  benefit  of  a  southern  climate, 
but  without  avail.  He  died  at  Mobile.  liis  letters  show  perfect  Christian 
hope. 

Moore,  Jas.  G.  La  Fa3'ette  Col.  1842,  P.S.  1845 ;  (Beaver  Meadow ;)  sup- 
plied Minisink,  1848-9  ;  teacher  at  Blairstown,  N.  J (West-Farms, 

N.Y.)  d.  1858. 

Moore,  Wra.  S.  N.B.S.  1839,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1839 ;  Unionville,  1839-50,  New 
Prospect,  1850-G,  Unionville  and  Greenburgh,  1859-G4,  Minisink,  18G4 — 

Morgan,  Joseph,  b.  1074,  ordained  1G97,  in  Connecticut.  (Bedford  and 
East-Chester,  N.Y.,  1699-1704,  Greenwich,  Ct.,  1794-8,)  Freehold 
and  Middletown,  N.J.  1709-31,  (Hopewell  and  Maidenhead,  N.J.  1732-7, 
susp. ;)  d.  1740. 

His  father  came  to  New-London  about  1G47,  under  the  lead  of  the 
younger  John  AVinthrop.  He  is  said  to  have  been  of  "Welsh  origin.  Joseph 
was  subjected  to  persecutions  in  his  ministry,  on  account  of  tlie  manner  of 
his  ordination.  His  use  of  notes  in  preaching  was  much  opposed  by  the 
neighboring  ministers,  so  that  he  was  obliged  to  desist.  In  1708  he  re- 
moved to  Freehold,  lo  take  charge  of  the  Scotch  church  there.     The  Dutch 


168  THE   MINISTRY. 

sought  a  part  of  his  services,  and  he  was  also  installed  as  their  pastor,  Oct. 
19th,  1709,  although  a  member  of  the  Presbytery  of  Philadelphia.  He 
gave  the  Dutch  three  fourths  of  his  services.  About  1721  a  revival  was 
enjoyed.  The  next  year  he  went  to  Connecticut  to  seek  additional  minis- 
terial help,  but  in  vain.  He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  printed  ser- 
mons, on  various  subjects,  and  was  in  correspondence  with  Cotton  Mather. 
A  Latin  letter  of  Morgan  to  Mather,  dated  1721,  is  preserved  at  Worcester, 
Mass.  He  complains  that  he  had  very  few  books.  He  published  treatises 
on  Baptism,  on  Deism,  on  Original  Sin,  and  on  Sin  its  own  Punishment. 
Also,  a  Reply  to  an  anonymous  railer  against  election.  He  says,  in  one 
of  his  publications,  that  as  congregations  keep  their  ministers  free  from 
worldly  avocations,  by  liberal  support,  does  the  work  of  Christ  flourish. 
Various  charges  were  at  length  brought  against  him,  such  as  "  practising 
astrology,  countenancing  promiscuous  dancing,  and  transgressing  in  drink," 
(1728.)  They  were  not  sustained.  In  1736,  intemperance  was  proved 
against  him,  but  in  1738  he  was  restored. — See  Wehstefs  History  of  the 
Preshyt.  Ch.  335. 

Morris,  Henry,  Ham.  0.  1823,  N.B.S.  and  P.S.  1.  Presbyt.  Troy,  1829; 
(Miss,  at  Wapping,  Ct.  1829-32,  Granville,  1832-4,  Orwell,  Vt. 
1834-41,  Miss,  at  Burlington,  Ct.  1841-3.)  Union  Village,  1843-8, 
Easton,  N.Y.  (S.S.)  1851-4,  Coddebackville,  1855-62,  supplying  Presbyt. 
Ch.  near  Binghamton,  1868 — 

Morris,  J.  Ford,  N.B.S.  1824,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1824 ;  Miss,  successively  to 
Ovid,  Fayette,  Pultneyville,  and  Wynantskill,  1824-5,  toMontville,  1825-7, 
to  Amsterdam,  (or  Albany  Bush,)  Glen,  Charleston,  Ephratah,  Stone 
Arabia,  Herkimer,  Ford's  Bush,  Asquach,  1827-9,  Nassau,  1829-32, 
w.  c.  — 

Morse,  A.G.  Cato,  S.S.  1857-9. 

[Morse,  B.  Y.  Miss,  to  Rochester,  and  Clove,  1828.] 

Moule,  John  G.  R.C.  1834,  P.S.  1837 ;  Unionville,  1837-9,  Sand  Beach, 
1839-41  (Orwell ;  Damascus,  Pa. ;  Colchester,  N.Y. ;  Colicoon,  N.Y.) 

[MiiUcr,  Fred.  C.     Long  Swamp,  Pa.  1748-5. .] 

MiJLLER,  John,  R.C.  1851,  N.B.S.  1854,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1854;  Wolcott,  1854-7, 
S.S.  Burlington,  Iowa,  1858-61,  Silver  Creek,  1861. 

Mulligan,  John,  teacher  in  N.Y.C.  1829-61,  d. ;  also  Prof  Latin  and  Greek 

in  N.Y.  University,  1832-3. 

He  was  a  man  of  exceeding  modesty,  and,  partly  from  this  fact,  never 
regularly  settled  over  a  charge.  He  was  an  Irish  gentleman,  remarkably 
well  educated,  endowed  by  nature  with  a  very  acute  and  comprehensive 
mind,  which  was  well  stored  with  the  acquisitions  of  years  of  study,  and 
careful  and  extensive  experience  and  observation.  lie  was  almost  too 
learned  for  a  common  teacher,  being  better  adapted  to  the  professorial 


THE   MINISTRY.  109 

chair,  but  he  was  a  man  of  great  faithfulness,  diligence,  courte?y,  and  kind- 
ness, lie  had  few  of  the  graces  of  elocution,  and  little  action,  but  his  ser- 
mons were  well  prepared,  learned,  well  written,  and  full  of  tliought. 

MuNN,  AxsoN  F.  R.C.  1852,  N.B.S.  1850,  1.  CI.  N.B.  185G ;  East  New- 
York,  1856-G8,  Coxsackie  Landing,  1808 — 

Murden,  Benj.  F.  R.C.  1843,  N.B.S.  18-46,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1846;  Taghkanic, 
1847-50,  Union,  1850-4.     [Plymouth,  Mich.  Presbyt.  18—.] 

Murdock,  David,  Catskill,  1842-51,  d.  1801. 

Murphy,   Jas.   b.   near  Rhinebeck,   1788,  N.B.S.  1814,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1814; 
Rochester,  Wawarsing,  and  Clove,  1814-25,  Glenville,  2d,  1826-34;  (also 
Miss,  at  Rexfordville,  1880,)  St.  Johnsville  and  Manheim,  1834-6,  Herki- 
mer and  German  Flats,  1836-9,  Herkimer  and  Frankfort,  1839-40,  Her- 
kimer and   Mohawk,   1840-1,   Coeymans,  1841-2,   Herkimer,  1843-40, 
S.S.  Columbia,  1850-4,  Frankfort,  1854-7,  d.  1857. 
He  enjoyed  in  a  high  degree  the  respect  and  esteem  of  his  fellow-citizens, 
on  account  of  his  learning,  his  meekness,  and  his  assiduity  as  a  Christian 
teacher.     He  was  fond  of  study,  had  a  special  relish  for  the  classics,  and 
some  of  the  natural  sciences.      He  published  a  book  entitled  "  Geology 
consistent  with  the  Bible."     He  was  a  preacher  of  superior  abilities,  and  a 
pastor  of  approved  fidelity.     He  was  strongly  urged  to  accept  a  call  to  the 
Ger.  Ref.  Ch.  of  Harrisburgh,  in  1837,  but  declined. — G.S. 

Murray,  Chauncy  D.     Market  street,  N.Y.C.  1861-3. 

Mutzelius,  Frederick,  b.  in  Germany,  1711  ;  Tappan,  1726-49,  d.  1780. 

He  began  as  a  conservative  member  of  the  Coetus  partj^,  but  soon  be- 
came doubtful,  if  not  positively  antagonistic  to  them.  He  had  considerable 
difficulty  with  the  church  of  Tappan,  and  in  1749  was  obliged  to  desist 
preaching. 

Myer,  Gilbert  McP.   b.  at  Coxsackie,  1815,  R.C.  1838,  N.B.S.  1841,  1.  CI. 

Greene,  1841  ;  Cohoe.s,  1841-6,  d. 

He  possessed  a  bright,  inquiring,  and  ingenious  mind.  He  had  a  me- 
chanical talent  and  taste,  was  a  good  student,  and  devoted  Christian.  His 
ministry  in  the  new  field  of  his  new  charge  was  successful  and  encouraging, 
and  in  a  year  or  two  after  his  settlement  he  was  blessed  with  a  precious 
revival.  He  was  highly  beloved  and  esteemed  for  the  suavity  of  his  man- 
ners and  the  fidelity  of  his  ministrations.  His  sermons  were  more  argu- 
mentative than  hortatory,  and  his  address,  though  not  powerfully  earnest, 
was  pleasant  and  attractive. — C.S. 

MvERS,  Hexrv  V.  S.  W.C.  1805,  N.B.S.  1868,  1.  CI.  L.T.  1858  ;  travelling 
in  Europe. 

Neal,  Ava,  C.C.  1810,  N.B.S.  1816,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1816;  Pompton  Plains 
and  Fairfield,  1817-22,  Pompton  Plains,  1822-28,  suspended  in  1829,  re- 
stored, 1833,  d.  1889. 


170  THE    MIXISTRT. 

Xeander,  J.     Miss,  to  Jews,  1S4G-8. 

Neef,  Jacob  F.  Stuttgardt  Coll.  Germany,  18—,  N.B.S.  1858,  1.  CI.  N.Y. 
1858  ;    Plainfield  and  Warren,  1858-64,  Albany  4th,  1865— 

Nevius,  Elbert,  R.C.  1830,  N.B.S.  1834,  1.  by  CI.  Cayuga,  1834;  Miss,  at 
Lyons,  1885,  Arcadia,  1835-6,  voyage  to  Java,  June-Sept.  1836,  Bata- 
via,  1836-9,  Pontianak,  1839-44,  (voyage  to  Singapore,  1842,)  returned 
to  America  ;  Stuyvesant,  1846 — 

[Xevelling,  John  Wesley  Gilbert,  b.  in  Westphalia,  Ger.  1750,  studied  un- 
der Weyberg  and  Gros,  lie.  by  German  Coetus,  1771  ;    Am  well,  N.J. 
1770-83,  also  Chaplain  in  the  Revolution ;  Reading,  1783,  d.  1844.] 
He  came  to  America  in  company  with  Mrs.  Weybei'g,  whose  nephew  he 
was,  her  husband  having  preceded  her  hither.     During  the  Revolution,  so 
ardent  was  he  in  the  cause  of  liberty,  that  in  order  to  afford  relief  to  the 
embarrassed  Continental  Congress,  he  converted  all  his  property  into  cash, 
and  loaned  it  to  Congress  (amounting  to  $25,000),  taking  only  their  certifi- 
cate in  return.     He  preached  to  the  troops,  and  was  held  in  high  esteem 
by  Washington.   The  British  government  offered  a  large  sum  for  his  appre- 
hension, and  Washington  once  placed  a  troop  of  horse  at  his  disposal  for 
his  protection.     His  certificate  from  Congress  by  some  means  passed  into 
other  hands,  and  he  was  defrauded  of  the  whole  of  it. 

In  1783,  while  riding  on  horseback,  with  a  long  pipe  in  his  mouth,  his 
horse  fell,  and  his  pipe  inflicted  a  severe  wound  in  his  throat,  which  perma- 
nently afiected  his  speech.  With  a  large  fiimily,  and  without  ability,  stern 
poverty  stared  him  in  the  face.  But  Providence  raised  him  up  friends 
continually,  who  assisted  him. 

He  was  a  man  of  noble  personal  presence,  of  commanding  pulpit  talents, 
and  was  a  popular  preacher  for  the  times.  His  active  ministry  was  crowded 
into  thirteen  years,  and  for  the  last  sixty  years  of  his  life  he  was  a  paraly- 
tic. For  forty  years  of  this  time  he  was  entirely  helpless.  But  he  bore  all 
his  afHictions  with  lamb-like  patience.  His  Bible  was  his  constant  com- 
panion till  his  e3'e-sight  failed  him,  and  even  then  he  lay  quietly  in  his 
chamber,  always  happy,  never  fretting,  submitting  to  all  his  privations 
cheerfully. — Ilarha  ugK's  Lives. 

Newton,  E.     Easton,  N.Y.  (S.S.)  1844. 

Niewenhyt.  See  Van  Niewenhuysen.  See  Gunn^s  Livingston,  49,  and  Ro- 
gers's Discourse,  63. 

Noble,  Geo.  P.     Myrtle  avenue  Miss.,  Brooklyn,  1868 — 

Noe,  D.D.     S.S.  Columbia  and  Warren,  1835. 

Nott,  Chs.  D.  U.C.  1854,  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1859;  Mohawk, 
1859-64,  Presbyt. 

Nott,  John,  w.  c.  1838-41,  Rotterdam  2d,  1841-54,  also  partly  supplied 
Princetown. 


THE   MINISTRY.  iTl 

Nucella,  Johannes  Pctrus,  Kinpfston,  1G05-8,  {Col.  Hist.  iv.  582,)  Albany 
and  Kingston,  1G98-1704,  went  to  London. 

Nykehk,  G.  J.     Ovcr3-sscl,  1858 — 

Oakey,  Peter  D.  R.C.  1841,  N.B.S.  lS-14,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1844,  Oyster  Bay, 
1844-7,  Brooklyn,  Middle,  1847-9,  [Jamaica,  Prcsbyt.]  1850. 

Oehl.     See  Ehlc  and  Eal. 

Oekter,  John-  Henry,  N.B.S.  1850,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  185G  ;  Warren,  185G-8, 
German  4th,  N.Y.C.  1858— 

Oggel,  E.  Ciiuistian,  R.C  18G3,  N.B.S.  18GG,  1.  CI.  Holland,  18GG  ; 
North-Holland,  18GG— 

Oggel,  Pieter  J.  Grand  Haven,  185G-9,  Pella,  18G0-G3,  Prof,  in  Hope 
College,  18G3. 

Ogiivie,  James  Glaen,  b.  1794,  lie.  1820  ;  Montville,  182G-7,  Miss,  at  Little 
Falls  and  Fairfield,  1827-9,  Fairfield,  1829-32,  d.  Aug.  5,  from  injuries 
received  by  being  thrown  from  his  horse. 

(Olevianus,  Casper,  b.  153G.) 

He  shared  with  Ursinus  the  honor  of  preparing  the  Heidelberg  Cata- 
chism.  He  had  been  a  disciple  of  Calvin,  while  Ursinus  was  a  disciple  of 
Melancthon.  He  was  the  favorite  court  preacher  of  the  pious  Frederick  IH. 
He  was  a  native  of  the  town  of  Olewig,  near  Treves.  He  was  educated  in 
the  science  of  the  law,  having  studied  at  Orleans,  Bourgcs,  and  Paris.  He 
then  united  himself  with  the  "secret  churches  of  God,"  the  persecuted 
Huguenots,  yet  it  appears  that  it  was  not  till  155G  that  he  unreservedly  ded- 
icated himself  to  the  service  of  the  Saviour.  This  was  occasioned  by  the 
imminent  peril  of  his  life  in  which  he  was  placed,  by  the  upsetting  of 
a  boat  on  the  Loire,  and  in  his  endeavors  to  save  the  son  of  Frederick  IIL, 
though  not  successful.  He  now  began  the  diligent  study  of  the  Scrijjtures, 
and  sought  the  acquaintance  of  the  Reformers.  In  1559  he  became  a  teach- 
er, near  his  native  place,  in  Treves.  He  quietly  instilled  evangelical  truth 
into  the  minds  of  his  pupils.  He  at  length  delivered  an  earnest,  evangelical 
sermon,  (though  as  yet  a  layman,)  on  justification  by  faith,  in  which  he  in- 
dulged in  severe  strictures  on  saint  worship,  the 'mass,  and  processions. 
"While  many  approved,  many  condemned.  Though  forbidden  to  preach,  he 
continued.  The  power  of  the  Gospel  was  felt.  The  town  was  divided. 
Its  principal  burgomaster  declared  in  favor  of  the  Reformation.  Frederick 
III.  and  other  princes  endeavored  to  help  on  the  work.  But  Treves  was 
not  a  free  town,  and  the  Reformation  could  not  be  introduced  there,  with- 
out the  consent  of  the  Archbishop.  Olevianus  was  cast  into  prison,  and 
was  kept  there  ten  weeks,  till,  through  the  exertions  of  Frederick  III.,  he 
was  released.  All  the  evangelicals,  many  hundreds  in  number,  were 
driven  from  the  town,  and  Jesuit  teachers  were  received.  But  the  exiles 
went  everywhere  preaching  the  word,  and  lighting  the  fires  of  the  Refor- 


172  THE   MINISTRY. 

mation.  Frederick  III.  and  Olevianus  were  now  under  mutual  obliga- 
tions. The  elector  had  procured  his  i-elease  from  prison,  and  Olevianus 
had  imperilled  his  life,  though  unsuccessfully,  in  endeavoring  to  save  the 
life  of  Frederick's  son.  He  was  made  court  preacher  in  Heidelberg,  and 
Professor  of  Theology  in  1561.  Thus  were  Olevianus  and  Ursinus  brought 
together,  and  became  the  authors,  in  the  following  year,  of  the  Heidelberg 
Catechism. 

He  had  been  struck  with  the  presbyterial  form  of  government,  seen  in 
Geneva,  and  he  introduced  this  in  the  Palatinate  churches,  extending  the 
system  so  as  to  include  the  government  of  the  church  by  synods.  This 
was  the  first  step  toward  the  separation  of  church  and  state.  This  re- 
quired courage  in  Olevianus  to  ask,  and  piety  in  Frederick  to  grant.  With 
the  death  of  Frederick  III.,  (1576,)  Olevianus  was  suspended  from  his  oflBces 
by  the  bigoted  Prince  Louis,  who  succeeded,  and  Count  Ludwig,  a  zealous 
friend  of  the  Reformed  doctrine,  was  also  dismissed  from  court.  The  latter 
called  Olevianus  to  instruct  his  sons,  and  to  preach  in  Westphalia.  This 
was  the  means  of  introducing  the  presbyterial  form  of  church  government 
there.  He  died  at  the  age  of  fifty,  in  1584.  He  was  eminent  as  a  preacher. 
— See  Harlaugli's  Lives,  Von  Alpen  on  the  Catechism.,  transl.  ly  Berg^  and 
the  Tercentenary  edition  of  Cat. 

Osborn,  Michael.  P.S.  1822;  (Metuchen,  1822-.  .,  Newbern,  N.C.  Cub 
Creek,  Va.  all  Presbyt. ;)  Schraalenburgh,  1838-41,  (Briery,  Va.  1841-.,, 
Farmville,  Va.) 

OsTBANDER,  Hexry,  b.  at  Plattcldll,  1781,  U.C.  1799,  studied  under 
Froeligh,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1800  ;  Coxsackie,  1801-10,  Catskill  and  Cox- 
sackie,  1810-12,  Caatsbaan,  1812-62 ;  also  pastor  at  Saugerties  village, 
1839-40,  and  S.S.  at  Hurley,  1811-14,  w.  c— 

Ostrander,  Stephen,  b.  at  Poughkeepsie,  1769,  studied  under  Meyer  and 
Livingston,  (Meyer's  last  student,)  1.  Sj^nod  of  R.D.  Chs.  1792;   Miss. 
along  the  Mohawk,  1792-3,  Miss,  to  Western  parts  of  Green,  Ulster,  and 
Sullivan  Cos.  and  to  Delaware  Co.  N.Y.  1793,  (M.G.S.  I.  264,)  Pompton 
Plains  and  Parsippany,  1793-1809,  Parsippanj',  1809-10,  Schaghticoke 
and  Tyashoke,  1810-21,  Argyle,  (S.S.)  every  third  Sab.  1810-.  .,  Miss. 
in  N.Y.C.,  Hoboken,  Powle's  Hook,  and  Harsimup,  1822-3,  Oakhill  and 
Durham,  1824-31,  Blooming  Grove,  1831-9,  Emeritus,  d.  1845. 
Descended  from  a  pious  stock,  he  was  one  of  a  large  family  of  children, 
and  was  early  selected  by  his  parents,  (and  which  also  accorded  with  his 
own  desires,)  for  the  ministry.     His  early  education  was  received  at  the 
Kingston  Academy,  and  in  theology  he  was  the  last  pupil  of  Professor 
Meyer.     Synod  sent  him,  soon  after  his  settlement,  on  a  mission  to  West- 
ern New-York,  (1794.)     The  whole  journey  was  necessarily  performed  on 
horseback,  at  that  early  day  the  country  being  a  wilderness.      There  were 
a  few  detached  settlements  and  solitary  churches  to  be  looked  after.     His 
ministry  was  attended  with  considerable  success  at  Pompton  ;   but  difficul- 
ties of  a  local  and  political  origin  crept  in,  disturbing  the  peace  of  the 


THB   anNISTET.  ]  TO 

church,  and  which  induced  him  to  resign  in  1809,  in  the  expectation  that 
another  church  would  be  erected  at  Ponipton.  In  1810,  a  permanent  mis- 
sion to  the  Seneca  Indians  was  oflcrcd  him  by  the  N.Y.  Misijionary  Society, 
but  declined.  His  charges  in  the  Nortli  were  very  laborious,  riding  a  dozen 
miles  to  supply  Tyashoke,  every  second  Sabbatli,  and  for  two  years  riding 
twenty-five  miles  every  third  Sabbatii,  to  preach  at  Argyle.  AVhile  in  this 
section,  he  was  blessed  with  a  revival.  "While  a  missionary  in  N.  Y.  City, 
he  was  the  means  of  gathering  and  organizing  a  church  in  Green  st. 

At  Oakhill  he  also  labored  for  seven  years,  at  a  great  sacrifice  of  ease 
and  comfort,  but  in  his  advancing  age  became  more  pleasantly  situated,  and 
was  the  means  of  healing,  to  a  great  extent,  the  unhappy  secession  in 
Blooming  Grove.  Here,  at  length,  pulmonary  disease  compelled  him  to  re- 
sign, and  he  removed  to  a  property  of  his  own,  in  the  vicinity  of  Spots- 
wood,  N.J. 

He  was  distinguished  for  solid  judgment  and  persevering  industry ;  un- 
sophisticated himself,  to  an  irreproachable  life,  he  united  a  guileless  simpli- 
city, with  an  honest  unwavering  decision  of  purpose.  His  practice  was  sel- 
dom inconsistent  with  his  high  calling.  He  was  conscientious  and  exact  in 
the  performance  of  his  duties,  unweariedly  directing  his  efforts  with  a  view 
to  usefulness.  Well  read  in  theology,  he  was  a  sound,  practical  divine ; 
his  ministry  was  characterized  by  a  plain  exhibition  of  gospel-truth,  and  an 
urgent  enforcement  of  duty.  His  disposition  was  frank  and  benevolent.  Unob- 
trusive and  unassuming  in  his  deportment,  he  pursued  the  even  tenor  of  his 
way,  neither  seeking  nor  valuing  the  distinctions  and  honors  of  life. 

Ostrom.'Alvin,  E.g.  1855,  N.B.S.  1858,  1.  CI ,  1858  ;  voyage  to  China, 

Oct.  1858-March,  '59,  Amoy,  1859-01,  voyage  to  America,  Jan. -March, 
18G4,  S.S.  Franklin,  186G-8,  Franklin,  1868— 

Otis,  John  D.     Supplying  chapel  at  Fishk:ll-on-Hudson,  18G7 — 
[Otterbein,  Philip  Wm.  b.  in  Nassau  Dillenburg,  Ger.  172G,  studied  at  Iler- 

born,  c.  to  America,  1752;  Lancaster,  1752-8,  Tulpehocken,  1758-GO, 

Frederick,  Md.  1700-5,  York,  Pa.  1765-70,  visited  Germany,  1770-1, 

York,  1771-4,  Baltimore,  1774-1813,  d.] 

He  was  of  a  missionary  spirit  even  in  his  youth.  His  mother  had  dedi- 
cated him  to  this  service,  for  Jesus'  sake.  Schlatter's  visit  to  Europe 
found  him  ready,  and  he  returned  with  him,  to  preach  to  the  destitute  in 
America.  He  met  with  discouragements  in  his  ministry,  owing  to  loose- 
ness and  irregularities  in  his  church,  j'et  had  success.  In  his  last  charge, 
the  United  Brethren  claimed  him  as  a  father  to  their  sect.  He  was  entirely 
free  from  bigotry,  and  willing  to  help  any  friends  of  Christ,  though  he  con- 
tinued a  regular  minister  of  the  Reformed  Church  down  to  the  time  of  his 
death.  In  proof  of  his  catholicit}-,  in  1802  he  enrolled  his  name  on  a  Metho- 
dist Class  Book,  in  order  to  help  promote  discipline  in  that  branch  of  the 
church.  He  was  a  man  of  ardent  piety  and  burning  zeal ;  had  extraordi- 
narj'  preaching  powers,  and  left  deep  impressions.  Ilis  gifts  and  zeal  led 
him  on  extensive  itinerations.     He  often  officiated  at  camp-meetings,  and, 


174  THE    MINISTRY. 

when  obliged  to  leave,  he  encouraged  sensible  and  gifted  laymen  to  exhort 
and  pray.  Many  of  these  at  length  became  preachers.  Differences  of  opin- 
ion soon  arose  among  them.  At  first,  Otterbein's  word  was  acknowledged 
by  all  as  final.  But,  at  length,  they  grew  unwilling  to  submit.  He  wished 
that  all  should  continue  in  their  several  church  connections  to  which  they 
belonged,  and  submit  to  their  discipline.  But  these  new  preachers  became 
censorious  toward  the  old  churches,  on  account  of  their  deadness.  Hence 
grew  a  separate  organization.  Otterbein's  disciples  developed  his  zeal  for  a 
revival  in  the  church,  into  a  new  organization.  He  tried  to  prevent  this, 
and  when  he  could  not,  he  withdrew.  He  consented  to  ordain  a  chief 
preacher,  (Newcomer,)  of  the  United  Brethren,  a  few  weeks  before  his 
death,  and  thus  give  validity  to  their  irregular  ministry.  Dr.  Kurtz,  of  the 
Lutheran  Church,  was  with  him  at  his  death.  He  responded  to  his 
friend's  prayer,  "  Amen,  amen !  It  is  finished."  Soon  after,  he  quoted 
the  words  of  the  aged  Simeon:  "Lord,  now  lettest  thou  thy  servant  de- 
part in  peace,  according  to  thy  word,  for  mine  eyes  have  seen  thy  salva- 
tion." After  an  interval,  he  again  spoke:  "Jesus,  Jesus,  I  die;  but  thou 
livcst,  and  soon  I  will  live  with  thee.  The  conflict  is  over.  I  begin  to  feel 
an  unspeakable  fullness  of  divine  love  and  peace.  Lay  my  head  on  my  pil- 
low, and  be  still." 

"  There  was  a  charm  in  his  preaching  which  chained  the  listener.  Dig- 
nified in  his  deportment,  in  the  pulpit  he  spoke  calmly,  solemnly,  tenderly. 
His  enunciation  was  distinct,  and  his  thoughts  ran  in  a  clear,  logical  order; 
while  his  exhortations  moved,  with  great  power,  the  emotions  of  his  audi- 
ence."— Harhaugli' »  Lives. 

Otterson,  Jas.  b.  in  N.Y.O.  1791,  C.C.  180G,  studied  with  Mason,  lie.  by 
Assoc.  Eef.  1821  ;    (Broadalbin,  Assoc.  Ref.  1821-7,)  Oyster  Bay  and 
North-Hempstead,    1827-34,     Freehold,    1835-8,    Rockaway,    1840-5, 
(Presbyt.  Johnstown,  N.Y.  1845-..,  Wilmington,  Del.  18.  .-03,  d.  1867. 
He  was  born  of  Scottish  ancestry,  and  succeeded  Dr.  Proudfit  in  the  As- 
soc. Ref.  Ch.  of  Broadalbin.     He  possessed  a  clear,  analytical  mind,  which 
showed  the  effect  of  early  culture.     He  was  a  good  scholar,  a  sound  and 
able  theologian,  and  a  very  instructive  and  edifying  preacher.     His  style 
was  clear  and  forcible.     His  speech  flowed  smoothly  from  his  lips,  as  he 
touched  the  heart  and  reached  the  conscience.     He  was  an  able  expounder 
of  the  word.     In  the  ecclesiastical  assemblies  of  the  church,  he  had  few 
superiors.     It  was  not  merely  as  a  parliamentarian,  as  one  skillful  in  debate, 
that  he  excelled,  but  as  possessing  a  strong,  practical  mind,  that  could  lead 
the  way  through  difficult  and  perplexing  questions — that  could  see  the  end 
to  be  reached,  and  how  to  reach  it. —  W.  B. 

Overbagh,  Peter  A.  b.  1779,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  lie.  1803 ; 
Bethlehem  and  Coeymans,  1S05-6,  Woodstock,  1806-9,  Woodstock  and 
Flatbush,  (Ulster,)  1809-17,  Flatbush,  (Ulster,)  1817-41,  d.  1842.     After 
1834,  preached  also  at  Plattekill  station. 
He  was  a  useful  and  faithful  man.     Through  his  influence,  the  character 


THE   MINISTKT.  175 

of  the  community  in  which  he  spent  his  ministr)',  was  greatly  changed. 
He  organized  a  church  in  Flatbush,  with  a  dozen  members,  and  left  it  with 
three  hundred,  and  a  new  organization  also  near  by.  His  labors,  while  al- 
most unknowiit  o  the  world,  were  persevered  in,  in  obscurity  and  retire- 
ment, and  resulted  in  the  conversion  of  many  souls.  His  sudden  summons 
to  depart  was  received  by  him  with  calm  composure,  as  might  have  been 
expected  from  his  life. 

Paige,  Winslow,  from  the  Congregational  Church,  1702;  Schaghticoke  and 
Stillwater,  (or  Sinthoik",)  1793-1807,  Florida,  1808-14,  Florida  and  AVind- 
ham,  1814-22,  Broome,  Blenheim,  (Breakabin,)  and  Windham,  1822-7, 
also  Miss,  at  Beaverdam,  1822,  "Windham  and  Broome,  1827-30,  Broome, 
1830-36,  Gilboa,  183G-7,  died. 

Palmer,  Sylvanus,  b.  1770,  studied  under  Bassett,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1802 ; 
employed  by  Northern  Miss.  Soc.  at  Union  and  Chenango,  1802-8,  Union, 
(Tioga  Co.)  and  Chenango,  1808-18,  Middletown  and  Fonda's  Bush, 
1818-20,  suspended,  1822,  seceded.  [Union,  1822-25,  Union  and  Flats, 
1825-9,  declared  independent;  Tribe's  Hill  and  Mayfield  ;   d.  1846. J 

Parker,  Chs.  from  3d  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1855  ;  Hoboken,  1855-7,  Bergen  Point, 
1857-60,  w.  c. 

Parker,  David,  from  England;  Philadelphia,  2d,  1817-20,  Rhincbcck  Fla'.s, 
1820-6,  returned  to  Eng.  d.  1828  (?) 

Parry,  Joseph,   Fort  Miller,  1833-7,  w.  c.  1837-60. 

Paton,  Thomas,    U.S.  1868,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1868. 

Paulison,  Christian  Z.  b.  near  Hackensack,  1805,  C.X.J.  1822,  N.B.S.  1826, 
1.  CI.  N.B.  1826;  Marbletown,  1826-29,  Aquackanonck,  1820-31,  seced- 
ed, [Hackensack  and  Patcrson,  1832,  suspended  by  seceders,  Hacken- 
sack, independent,  1832-iO,  Glen,  1840-18..,  d.  1851.] 

Pearse,  Jacob  Lapsing,  U.C.  1840,  P.S.  1856,  1.  CI.  Schenectady,  1856 ; 
Hagaman's  Mills,  1856-9,  East-Williamsburg,  1859-60,  Bethlehem,  2d, 
1860— 

Peck,  (or  Pick,)  Diederich  Christian  A.      Canajoharie  and  Stone  Arabia 
1788-96,  Stone  Arabia,  1796-1800,  suspended,  3.  1802. 
A  portly  man,  an  amateur  equestrian,  and  who  has  left  behind  him  the 

reputation  of  an  unsurpassed  orator.     Great  congregations  thronged  him 

everywhere. 

Peck,  Tnos.  R.  G.  Y.C.  1848,  P.S.  and  U.S.  1852,  1.  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1852 ; 
travelled  in  the  East,  1852-3,  Ass.  Ed.  iV.  Y.  Observer,  1853-t,  Richmond, 
S.I.  1854-60,  independent  Huguenot  Ch.  Charleston,  S.C.  1860-65,  Hast- 
ings, 1865— 

Peeke,  Aloxzo  p.  R.C.  1859,  N.B.S.  1862 ;  Shokan  and  Shandaken,  1862 
-5,  Owasco,  1865 — 


1V6  THE   MINISTRY. 

Peeke,  Geo.  H.  R.C.  1857,  N.B.S.  1860,  1.  CI.  Schenectad}-,  18G0;  Miss, 
at  South-Bend,  Ind.  1860-Gl,  Glenville,  1st,  1861-3,  Greenpoint,  1863-5, 
Jersey  City,  1st,  1865 — 

Peltz,  Philip,  U.Pa.  1845,  N.B.S.  1848,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1848;  Coey- 
mans  and  New-Baltimore,  1848-51,  Coxsackie,  1851-7,  Totowa,  1st,  1857 
-60,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  For.  Miss.  1860-5,  New-Paltz,  1865— 

Pepper,  John  P.     Fort  Plain,  1837-40,  Warren,  N.Y.  1840-5,  w.  c— 

[Pernisius,  Paul  Peter,  c.  to  America,  1784,  Allen,  Lecha,  and  Moor  town- 
ships, over  the  Lehigh,  Pa.  1784-91,  susp.] 

(Pieret,  Pierre,  French  Ref.  New-York.  1690-0,  and  perhaps  longer.) 

Petrie,  Jeremiah,  Ilion,  1803-4,  S.S.  IHon  and  Herkimer,  1804-8. 

Pettingill  T.  H.  w.  c.  1855-6. 

Pfister,  J.  P.  w.  c.  1854-6,  EUenville,  2d,  1856-62. 

Phelps,  Philip,  U.C.  1844,  N.B.S.  1849  ;  Greenburgh  and  Ilastings-on-the- 
Hudson,  1850-51,  Hastings-on-the-Hudson,  1851-9,  Prin.  of  Holland  Aca- 
demy, 1859-60,  Prin.  of  Hope  College,  1866— 

Philips,  Wm.  W.  U.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  1817,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1817;  (N.Y.C.  Pearl 
St.  afterward  Fifth  Av.  and  Eleventh  St.  1817-65,  d.) 

Phkaner,  Wm.  H.  N.Y.U.  1800,  N.B.S.  1863, 1.  N.  CI.  L.1. 1863 ;  Cold  Spring, 
1803-0,  East-Millstone,  1860— 

Pierce,  Nehemiah  P.  A.C.  1842,  U.S.  1846  ;  (Whippany,  N.J.  Presbyt. 
1846-51,)  North-Gowanus,  1851— 

Pohlman,  Wm.  J.  b.  in  Albany,  1813,  R.C.   1834,   N.B.S.    1837,   1.  CI. 

Albany,  1837;  voyage  to  Singapore,  May-Sept.,  1838,  Borneo,  1838-44. 

Amoj^,  June,  1844-9,  d.  Jan.  5th. 

Up  to  the  age  of  twelve  he  lived  under  the  paternal  roof,  and  was  trained 
up  under  pious  influences.  Engaging  in  business,  his  religious  impressions 
began  to  waver,  not  without  occasional  pungent  convictions.  At  the  death- 
bed of  a  beloved  sister,  dying  in  the  triumphs  of  the  faith,  and  appealing 
earnestly  unto  him,  an  impression  was  made  which  was  never  obliterated. 
He  became  a  devoted  Christian  at  sixteen  years  of  age.  "  Suddenlj"^,"  he 
says,  "  the  most  rapturous  feelings  of  joy  took  possession  of  my  mind.  For 
a  few  moments  I  was  in  ecstasy.  I  could  now  say  with  an  appropriating 
faith,  Abba,  Father.  0  the  splendor  of  that  morning,  the  unutterable 
joys  of  that  precious  moment !  But  it  would  require  the  tongue  of  an  angel, 
the  eloquence  of  a  seraph,  to  describe  all  my  feelings.  Praise  him,  praise 
him  for  the  wonders  of  his  redeeming  mercy  !" 

In  his  Junior  year  in  the  Seminary,  he  resolved  to  go  far  hence  to  the 
Gentiles.  He  writes  to  the  American  Board,  "time  has  only  served  to 
strengthen  the  decision  which  was  calmly  and  dispassionately  made.  After 
repeated  reviews  of  the  same,  T  am  confirmed  and  settled.      I  cannot  now 


TUB   MINISTRY.  177 

doubt  for  a  moment ;  mine  was  not  a  rash  or  hasty  concUision.  If  there  are 
no  contrary  indications,  I  must  go,  I  cannot  staj'.  Here  then  am  I,  take 
me.  Receive  me  under  your  care  as  a  candidate  for  the  missionary  service ; 
I  wish  to  enlist  for  life.  If  in  your  view,  I  can  be  of  any  service,  I  hiy  my 
all  at  your  feet.  Silver  and  gold  have  I  none,  but  such  as  I  have,  give  I 
thee.  Send  me  abroad  to  publish  glad  tidings  to  the  idol-serving  nations. 
Send  me  to  the  most  desert  part  of  all  the  howling  wildernesses  of  heathen- 
ism, to  the  most  barbarous  climes,  or  to  more  civilized  regions.  Send  me 
to  the  millions  of  Pagans,  to  the  followers  of  the  false  prophet,  to  the  Jews 
or  the  Gentiles,  to  Catholics  or  Protestants.  Send  mc,  in  fine,  wherever 
God  opens  an  effcctaal  door.  Send  me,  for  necessity  is  laid  upon  n»c  ;  yea, 
woe  is  unto  me,  if  I  preach  not  the  (iospel  to  the  perishing  heathen." 

He  was  ordained  in  April,  1838,  in  the  North  Reformed  Church  of  xVlbany, 
with  which  he  had  united  ten  years  before.  On  the  20th  of  May,  he  was 
solemnly  set  apart  for  the  missionary  service.  He  went  forth  strong  in  the 
consciousness  of  duty,  and  was  followed  by  the  prayers  of  inullitudes.  lie 
married  a  sister  of  Dr.  Scudder. 

A  friend  thus  writes  concerning  him  and  his  colleague.  Brother  Thompson 
who  sailed  with  him  :  "  Both  began  their  professional  studies  later  than 
the  average  time,  under  change  of  life-aims.  In  conscientious  diligence 
and  prayerful  committal  of  their  way  and  work  to  God,  they  were  worthy 
yoke-fellows  in  the  culture  of  the  field.  He  had  bidden  them  to  enter.  In 
temperament  and  social  bearings  they  differed  widely.  Thompson  knowing 
little  of  the  cheerfulness  and  snap  of  early  manhood,  while  the  spirits  of 
Pohlraan  were  exuberant.  The  one  might  have  been  grieved  and  paralyzed 
by  persistent  and  shrewd  assault  from  captious  heathen  or  errorists,  while 
the  moral  cuticle  of  the  other  was  impervious  to  ridicule. 

Had  both  studied  Chinese  and  addressed  the  same  assemblage,  the  abler 
man  might  have  been  disconcerted  bj'  a  malicious  witticism  or  a  clever 
parody  that  burlesqued  his  reasoning  or  appeal — whereas  the  other  would 
tide  over  the  adverse  laugh,  as  though  it  were  with^  not  at  him,  and  go 
forward  unabashed.  And  here  let  it  be  said,  a  kind  Providence  threw 
Thompson  among  those  who  listened  respectfully  or  stated  their  infidel 
cavil  in  a  covert  artfulness  that  he  was  thoroughly  competent  to  conquer. 

Neither  was  eminently  gifted  for  the  utterance  of  a  foreign  language  in 
every  nicety,  nor  for  ready  mastery  of  its  idiom;  Ibut  time  and  patience 
were  their  servants  in  the  name  of  Him  who  had  covenanted  to  be  with  them 
always,  and  for  usefulness  they  panted  as  the  hart  for  the  water-brook. 

If  four  or  five  gambling-tables  were  occupied  by  noisy  Chinese  and  a 
vacant  one  stood  near,  Pohlman  could  mount  it  and  fulminate  against  their 
flagrant  wrong-doing;  such  an  endeavor  was  not  in  Thompson's  way. 

The  one  communicated  largely  with  friends  at  home  by  letter  and  journal  : 
the  other  received  but  few  letters  because  he  sent  yet  fewer. 

The  laugh  of  the  one  was  an  hourly  practice,  and  reached  the  lungs; 
when  some  imperious  absurdity  moved  the  other's  risibles,  the  orgasm  was 
frightful,  and  resulted  in  a  larynx-mirth. 
12 


178  THE    MINISTRY. 

A  decade  of  years  covered  the  missionary  life  of  botb,  during  which  much 
of  toil,  in  preaching,  teaching,  translating,  and  travel,  was  gone  through. 
Pohlman  met  an  ocean  burial,  on  the  coast  of  the  empire  he  had  so  yearned 
to  reach.  Thompson,  essaying  to  place  with  her  grandparents  the  infant 
child  of  his  second  marriage,  fell  on  sleep  in  Switzerland,  and  his  grave 
is  in  the  shadow  of  the  Alps."— If.  //.  S. 

lie  had  taken  his  sister,  for  the  benefit  of  her  health,  to  Hong  Kong. 
The  vessel  in  which  he  was  returning  to  Amoy  was  shipwrecked,  and  he 
was  among  the  lost,  the  first  instance  of  death  by  shipwreck  of  any  of  the 
missionaries  of  the  American  Board.  His  piety  was  a  deep,  controlling 
principle.  His  prominent  feature  was  perseverance.  He  was  frank,  open- 
hearted,  wise  in  council,  amiable  in  disposition,  and  cordial  and  firm  in  his 
friendships. 

PiETERS,  RoELOFF,  N.B.S.  ISGl,  Grafschap  and  Drenthe,  1861-5,  Alto,  Wis., 

1805— 

PiTCnER,  John  H.  U.C.  1827,  N.B.S.  1830.  I.  CI.  Poughkeepsie,  1830. 
Herkimer  and  German  Flats,  1831-3,  Tyashokeand  Easton,  1833-38,  Tya- 
shoke,  1838-43,  Jackson,  1844-52,  Claverack  2d,  1852-61,  Greenville, 
1861— 

Pitcher,  Wm.  W.  C.  1833,  R.S.  1836,  lie.  by  Consociation  of  Litchfield, 
1836  ;  Jackson,  1836-9,  Boght,  1840-54,  Branchville,  1854— 

fPiTHAN, Easton,  Dryland,  Blenfield,  and  Grinitsch,M769-71,  sus- 
pended.] 

Pitts,  Robert,  R.C.  1837,  N.B.S.  1840  ;  S.S.  Walpeck,  1840-59.  w.  c.  1859— 

PoHLE,  K.A.J.  [Ger.  Evang.  Lutheran  Church  of  St.  Peter's,]  18  .  .  -53, 
now  Brooklyn,  E.D.  1853-68. 

Pjlhemus,  Abraham,  b.  at  Astoria,  1812,  R.C.  1831,  N.B.S.  1835,  1.  CI., 
N.Y.  1835  ;  Hopewell,  1835-57,  Newark,  North,  May-Oct.  1857,  d. 
He  was  a  lineal  descendant  of  Rev.    J.  T.   Polhemus   who  settled  on 
Long  Island  in  1654.      In  college  he  was  noted  for  his  joj^ous  temperament 
and  his  companionable  qualities,  and  was  a  decided  favorite.      His  minis- 
try was  spent  in  a  single  field,  with  the  exception  of  a  brief  period  in  New- 
ark.    Mutual  affection,  to  an  unusual  degree,  existed  between  him  and  his 
flock.     Several   attempts  to  call  him  to  other  fields  were  in  vain.     At 
length  he  yielded  to  the  pressing  call  of  the  new  North  Church  of  New- 
ark.    He  was  regarded  as  specially  qualified  to  build  up  this  church,  but 
he  had  hardly  entered  on  his  duties  when  God  called  him  to  his  reward. 
Seeking  a  little  relaxation  from  his  labors,  he  was  taken  ill  at  Newburgh, 
and  after  several  weeks,  there  died.     His  spiritual  exercises  on  his  bed  of 
eickness  were  delightful,  and  even  peculiar.     A  few  hours  before  he  died, 
4vhen  the  hand  of  death  was  evidently  upon  him,  he  exclaimed,  "  I  see 


^ 


■®'=3?l.^AH.Pi"**'' 


V^^^     l4A^-Cy^ 


C^^^U^t^^ 


THE    MINISTUY.  179 

Jesus.  Now  that  T  have  seen  him,  I  never  can  come  back  again.  I  see 
Jesus.  Did  I  not  tell  you  that  I  should  see  Jesus  ?  My  soul  is  ravished 
with  the  sight."  After  a  while  he  added,  "  I  have  perfect  assurance  ;  not 
a  doubt,  nor  a  fear."  Ilis  last  sermon  was  on  the  death  of  Slcphcn,  and 
the  subject  had  made  a  deep  impression  on  his  own  heart.  From  the  be- 
ginning of  his  sickness  he  felt  that  he  would  never  recover,  though  with 
occasional  encouragements  to  the  contrary,  and  he  prayed  tliat  he  might, 
like  Stephen,  see  Jesus. 

He  was  a  man  whose  unpretending  dignity  and  genial  manners  could  not 
fail  to  make  a  favorable  impression  on  all  who  were  brought  in  contact 
with  him.  The  casual  acquaintance  would  have  discovered  no  reason  to 
modify  his  first  estimate  of  his  character,  however  intimate  with  him  ho 
might  subsequently  have  become.  The  traits  that  first  struck  the  stranger, 
winning  his  regard,  were  true  characteristics  of  the  man.  Ilcnce  the 
strong  personal  attachment  which  he  won  for  himself,  not  only  from  his 
own  people,  but  from  the  whole  community.  It  would  be  almost  impos- 
sible to  overestimate  the  extent  of  the  attachment  felt  for  him.  His  death 
was  like  a  household  aflliction  to  all  who  intimately  knew  him.  Each  fa- 
mily  of  his  first  charge  had  some  precious  reminiscence  of  "the  Domine." 
His  urbanity  of  manners  exerted  a  most  remarkable  power,  winning  the 
affection  and  esteem  of  all  classes  of  persons.  Those  in  humble  life  spake 
with  pride  of  his  afJtibility  to  them,  and  his  interest  in  their  affairs. 

"While  neither  bashful  nor  timid,  he  was  a  man  of  unaffected  modesty. 
He  esteemed  others  better  than  himself;  yet  when  called  to  the  perform- 
ance of  a  public  duty,  he  did  not  hesitate  to  go  forward,  when  his  ability 
appeared.  His  sound  judgment,  his  energetic  zeal,  combined  as  they  were 
with  perfect  frankness  and  cordial  manners,  eminently  fitted  him  to  take  a 
large  share  in  the  business  of  the  church. 

His  sermons  were  marked  by  solid  sense  and  sound  divinity  ;  they  were 
clear  and  concise  in  style,  and  scriptural  in  substance  and  in  form,  show- 
ing him  to  be  a  well-furnished  workman.  His  acceptance  of  the  call  to 
Newark  gave  an  unanticipated  zest  to  that  enterprise.  Eveiy  thing 
flourished.  There  was  no  lack  of  means  to  build  a  magnificent  church. 
The  hall  in  which  they  worshipped  was  crowded.  All  loved  him.  He  had 
found  his  vray  to  the  garret  and  to  the  cellar,  and  had  spoken  many  an 
earnest  word  of  Christ  whose  fruits  appeared  after liis  death.  His  people 
doted  on  him.  But  three  short  months  terminated  his  labors  among 
them.  They  heard  of  his  sickness.  They  felt  their  weakness.  But  their 
prayers  were  not  answered,  at  least  in  the  way  they  desired. — Memorial. 

Polhemus,  Henry,  b.  at  Harlingen,  1772,  C.N.J.,  1794,  studied  theology 
under  Romeyn,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1798;  Harlingen  and  New-Shanic,  1798-1809, 
English  Neighborhood,  1809-13,  Shawangunck,  1813-lG,  d. 

Polhemus,  Johannes  T.    Brooklyn,  Mid  wont,  Amersfort,  1G54-G0,  Midwont 
and  Amersfort,  16G0-76,  d. 
Up  to  1654,  the  Dutch  on  Long  Island  had  been  without  a  church  or 


180  THE    MINISTRY. 

minister,  and  were  obliged  to  cross  the  East  River  to  attend  divine  service 
At  length  the  evil  became  so  great  that  Domine  Megapolensis  and  a  com- 
mittee were  sent  over  to  Midwont,  (Flatbush,)  to  organize  a  church.  This 
was  done  Feb.  9th,  1654.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  was  requested  to  select 
a  qualified  preacher.  But  before  one  was  found,  John  T.  Polhemus  arrived, 
who  had  been  for  some  time  stationed  at  Itamarca,  Brazil,  having  stopped 
on  his  way  and  organized  a  Reformed  Church  at  New-Amstel,  Del. — Doo. 
Elst.  N.  Y.  {III.)  70,  Col.  Mist.  K  Y.  {II.)  72. 

[Pomp,  Nicholas,  b.  1734,  studied  at  University  of  Halle,  came  to  America, 
1765,  Falkner  Swamp,  1765-83,  Baltimore,  1783-9,  Gosenhoppen,  1789- 
90;  Indianfield,  Bcehm's  Ch.  1790-1800,  died  1819.] 

Mr.  Pomp  was  small  in  stature.  His  natural  abilities  were  good,  and 
well  disciplined  by  education.  His  sermons  evinced  a  high  order  of  talent, 
were  evangelical  and  catholic.  He  had  a  slight  impediment  in  his  speech, 
j^et  he  was  always  acceptable.  For  the  last  twenty  years  of  his  life,  his 
infirmities  not  allowing  him  to  take  a  charge,  he  lived  with  his  son.  Rev. 
Thomas  Pomp,  pastor  at  Easton,  Pa.  He  still  occasionally  preached,  and 
when,  by  a  fall  from  his  horse,  he  was  incapacitated  from  riding  either  on 
horseback  or  in  a  carriage,  so  fond  were  the  people  of  hearing  him,  that  he 
was  several  times  carried  on  a  litter  a  dozen  miles,  that  they  might  hear 
the  Gospel  from  his  lips. 

Poole,  Ciias.  H.  U.C.  1863,  N.B.S.  1866,1.  S.  01.  L.T.  1866;  Bedminster, 
1866— 

Porter,  Elbert  Stothoff,  (son-in-law  of  P.  S.  Wynkoop,)  C.N.J.  1839, 
N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1842,  Miss,  to  Chatham,  1842-3,  Chatham, 
1843-9,  Williamsburgh,  1849 — ;  also  Editor  of  Christian  Intelligencer., 
1852-1868. 

Porter,  Reuben,  w.  c.  1840-55. 

Proudfit,  Alex.    R.C.  1858,  N.B.S.  and  P.S.  1861. 

Proudfit,  Robt.  R.  R.C.  1854,  N.B.S.  and  P.S.  1862,  Chaplain  U.  S.  A. 

Proudfit,  John  U.C  1823,  P.S.  1826;  (Newburyport,  Mass.  18. .-. .,)  Prof, 
in  N.  Y.  University,  1833-8,  Prof,  of  Latin  and  Greek  Lit.  in  Rutgers 
College,  1841-54,  Prof,  of  Greek  Lit.  1854-61,  Presbyt.  1864. 

QuACKEXBUsn,  Daniel  McL.  C.C.  1836,  N.B.S.  1839,  1.  Assoc.  Presbyt. 
N.Y.  1839;  (Hebron,  Assoc.  Presb.  1841-7,)  Wawarsing,  1849-51,  Fish- 
kill  Landing,  1851-5,  missionary  pastor  in  Chapel  of  the  Ch.  of  Brooklyn 
Heights,  1855-9,  Hastings,  1859-60,  Prospect  Hill,  N.Y.C.  1860— 

Quaw,  Jas.  E.  N.B.S.  1828,  miss,  at  Tyashoke,  1828-9,  at  Lysander,  1829- 
30,  Dashville  Falls,  1831-4,  Breakabin,  Cobleskill,  and  Schoharie  Mt. 
1834-6,  w.  c.  1836-45,  lost  on  Lake  Erie. 


TIIK    MINISTRY.  181 

Quick,  An.  Messler,  R.C.  18G1,  N.B.S.  1804,  1.  CI.  N.B.  18C4;  Port  Jack- 
son, 18Gd — 

Quick,  John  J.  N.B.S.  1830,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1839;  Jackson,  1840-3, 
Fairfiehl,  1845-9,  Wynantskill,  1849-04,  Cun ytown,  1855-G,  Maplctown 
and  Currytown,  1850-61,  Mapletown,  18G1-2,  w.  c.  1802-7,  S.S.  Fort 
Herkimer,  18G7-8,  w.c— 

Quick,  Peteu  J.  R.C.  1833,  N.B.S.  1830,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1830;  Clarks- 
town,  1837-00,  vr.  c. — 

Quinx,  Robt.  a.    b.  1803,  N.B.S.  1833,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1833;  Caughna\Taga, 

1833-5,  Oyster  Bay,  1835-41,  Manayunk,  1842-7,  Stone  House  Plains, 

1847-9,  Chaplain  at  Sailors'  Snug  Harbor,  1852-3,  d. 

After  performing  his  duties  as  chaplain,  on  Jan.  31st,  at  Sailors'  Snug 

Harbor,  he  was  deliberately  shot  through  the  heart  by  Herman  Ingalls,  an 

old  sailor,  who,  it  is  said,  had  revealed  his  past  life  crimes  to  his  chaplain, 

and  now  feared  exposure.     Ingalls  then  immediately  shot  himself.     He  was 

much  given  to  muttering  and  solitary  walking,  and  his  companions  thought 

he  had  been  a  pirate,  and  was  troubled  with  remorse.     Mr.  Quinn  had  been 

chaplain  of  the  institution  for  eleven  years. 

Rand,  W.  TT.  from  Waldo  Asso.  Vt.  1841  ;   Canastota,  1841-4. 

Randall,  Peter  G.     R.C.  1838,  N.B.S.  1841,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1841. 

Rapalje,  Daniel,    R.C.  1855,  N.B.S.  1858,  1.  S.  CI.  L.I.  1858;  voyage  to 
China,  Oct.  1858-March,  1859,  Amoy,  1859-00,  in  America,  180G-9,  sailed 
for  China,  Jan.  9th,  1809. 
[Ranch,  Christian  Henry,  miss,  to  Indians  on  the  Borders  of  New-York  and 
Connecticut; — at  Shekomcko,  an  Indian  village  in  the  Stissick  Mountain, 
1740-5,  miss,  among  the  Germans  in  Lancaster,  Berks,  and  Lebanon  Cos. 
1745-9,  Litiz,  (Warwick,)  Pa.  1749-53,  became  a  Moravian,  Salem,  N.C.] 
Came  to  America  before  1740,  and  was  commissioned  by  the  brethren  in 
Nazareth,  in  that  year,  to  visit  the  Indians.     Ileckwelder's  narrative  says, 
"With  these  instructions,"  (not  to  interfere  with  any  other  laborers,  but  if 
anj''  were  prepared  to  receive  the  grace  of  God,  to  preach  the  Gospel  to  such,) 
"  the  missionary  Christain  Henry  Ranch,  a  very  amiable  and  pious  man,  set 
out,  otherwise  knowing  nothing  of  the  people  to  whom  he  was  to  preach 
the  Gospel,  nor  even  where  to  find  them,  being  an  utter  stranger  in  the 
land  ;  but  being  assured  of  his  call,  he  placed  full  confidence  in  God  that 
he  would  assist  him  and  lead  him  to  tho.se  brethren  to  whom  he  was  sent." 
Discouragements  were  thrown  in  his  way  in  New-York,  by  representa- 
tions of  the  debaucheries  of  the  Indians,  yet  meeting  with  some  of  them 
when  sober,  from  the  locality  to  which  he  was  going,  he  found  them  trac- 
table, and  secured  an  invitation  from  them  to  visit  their  tribe.    In  the  course 
of  a  year  or  a  little  more  he  had  about  thirty  converts.     But  the  whites, 
who  were  accustomed  to  make  gain  from  the  ignorance  and  love  of  drink 
of  the  Indians,  bitterly  opposed  the  missionary.     All  sorts  of  slanders  were 


182  TUE   MINISTRY. 

invented,  until  in  1745,  he  was  compelled  to  leave  the  field!  He  belonged 
to  the  union  movement  of  the  da}',  and  became  a  laborious  missionary  in 
Pennsylvania,  among  the  scattered  Germans. — HarhaugVs  Lives. 

Ilawls,  John,  N.B.S.  1819,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1819;  Columbia,  1820-23,  w.  c. 
1823-6,  suspended. 

Raymond,  Henry  A.  Y.C.  1825,  N.B.S.  1828,  1.  CI.  of  Poughkeepsie,  1828; 
Sharon,  Lawyersville,  and  Cobleskill,  1829-32,  Fairfield,  1883-5,  Niska- 
yuna,  1836-50,  Owasco,  1851-3,  Amity,1853-6,  Lawyersville  and  Sharon, 
1856-64,  Boght  and  Rensselaer,  1864— 

Reed,  Hollis,    from  Cong.  Ch.  1853 ;  w.  c.  1853-5. 

[Reid,  Samuel  H.  Race  St.  G.R.  Philadelphia,  175.] 

Reidenbach,  J.  A.  Ger.  Evang.  Brooklyn,  E.  D.  1865-6. 

[Reiger,  John  Bartholomaus,  b.  1707,  on  the  Rhine,  studied  in  Basle  and 
Heidelberg,  came  to  America,  1731  ;  supplied  Lancaster,  Pa.  1736-46, 
supplied  ShaefFerstown  and  Zeltenrich,  (now  New-IIolland,)  1746-.  .d. 

1769.] 

Reily,  D.  T.  R.C.  1857,  1.  CI.  KB.  1866  ;  Prof,  of  Latin  in  Rutgers  Coll. 
1860-68,  Prof,  of  Latin  in  R.C.  and  Rector  of  Grammar  School,  1868 — 

Reiley,  Wm.     R.C.  1838,  N.B.S.   1886,  1.  CI 1836;    Hurley,   1836-9, 

Middletown,  N.  J.  1839— 

Renskers,  Gerrit  Jan,  from  Presbyt.  of  Michigan;  Clymer,  1868 — 

Renslaer,  see  Van  Rensselaer. 

Rhinehart,  J.  Kelly,  R.C.  1859,  N.B.S.  1862,  1.  CI.  Orange,  1862;  Rox- 
bury,  1862— 

Rice,  C.  D.  Y.C.  1.  by  Hampden  Asso.  Mass.  1839  ;  (Granby,  Ct.  1839-42, 
East-Douglass,  Mass.  1842-52,  Poughkeepsie,  1854-60,  all  Cong.)  1860, 
in  Ref  Ch. ;  Prin.  of  CoUeg.  Instit.  for  young  ladies,  Poughkeepsie,  18G0 — 

Rice,  Henry  L.  P.S.  1821,  Spottswood,  1825-33,  [Chambersburgh  (G.R.) 
1834-7,  d.] 

Ricketts,  J.  H.     S.  S.  Princetown,1863-5,  w.  c.  1807. 

Riddle,  David  H.  J.  C.  1823,  P.  S.  1828,  1.  Presbt.  of  Winchester,  1828, 
[Winchester,  1829-33,  Pittsburgh  8d,  1833-57,]  Jersey  City,  1st,  1857- 
-02,  [Pros,  of  Jefferson  Coll.  1803-0,  Prof  of  Moral  Philosophy  in 
Washington  and  Jefferson  Coll.  1866-8,  Martinsburgh,  Va.  1808 — ] 

Riddle,  Matthew  B.  (s.  of  David  H.  Riddle,)  J.  C.  1852,  Alleghany  S.  and 
N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1850;  Heidelberg  University,  (Europe,) 
1800-1,  Chaplain  in  the  army,  1861,  Hoboken,  1861-5,  Newark  2d, 
1805- 


TIIK    MINISTUV.  183 

Riedel,  F.  W.  A.  N.  B.  S.  185S,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1858;  S.  S.  JcfTersonvillc, 
1858-C],  also  at  Tluimansville,  1800-1,  became  a  llomau  Catholic; 
returned  1807. 

[Riess,  Jacob,  Ncw-Goscnhoppen,   1702 — ..] 

Riley,  Isaac,   Thirty -fourth  st.  N.Y.C.     18G3— 

Ritzema,  Joliannes,  b.  1710,  New-York,  1744-84,  (absent  from  city,  dur- 
ing Revolution.)  Kindcrhook,  1778-88.  Also  frequently  officiated  at  Har- 
lem, Philipsburgli,  Fordham,  and  Cortlandt. 

He  was  a  conservative  member  of  the  Coetus  until  the  disruption,  when 
he  left  that  bod}',  and  he  and  De  Ronde  were  most  active  spirits  in  the  or- 
ganization and  support  of  the  Confercntie.  Yet  he  sustained  a  most  esti- 
timablc  personal  character  in  the  church  and  in  the  community.  Ilis  ser- 
mons were  of  a  high  order.  He  wrote  several  pamphlets  in  answer  to 
those  of  Leydt,  who  favored  independence. 

Robb,  John,  North-IIempsttad,  1835-7,  w.  c.  ISST-io,  S.  S.  at  Unionville, 
1839. 

Robbing,  S.  died  1830. 

Robertson,    Noel.      C.C.    1823,    P.S.   1S26 ;     Wilmington,     N.C.  1826-8, 

miss,  to  Manayunk,  1828,  d. 

This  amiable  young  minister  was  suddenly  stricken  down,  while  in  the 
emplo}'  of  the  Missionary  Society  of  the  R.  D.  Church.  He  would  shortly 
have  been  installed  at  Manayunk.  He  was  descended  from  a  family  of 
eminent  piety.  His  discourses  were  more  plain  than  energetic  and  showy, 
3'et  well  furnished.  There  was  a  soft  and  touching  tenderness  and  deep 
affection  in  them,  rather  than  force  and  eloquence  or  power.  He  was  noted 
for  his  s\'stematic  habits  ;  modest}',  affection,  frankness,  and  unaffected 
piety  were  some  of  the  elements  of  his  character.  He  was  stricken  down 
by  the  epidemic  fever  then  prevailing,  and  which  quickly  ended  his  life. 
Mag.  R.D.  Cm.  Z-2\. 

Robertson,  Samuel,  W.  C.  1812,  P.  S.  1815,  (Huntington,  N.  J.— Dryden, 
N.  Y.— Stillwater,  N.  Y.— )  Canajoharie,  1837-8,  Sclioharie,  1839- 
43,  AYesteilo,  1843-8,  Presbyt.  in  Wisconsin. 

Rockwell,  Charles,  Y.  C.  182G,  A.S.  1834,  1.  by  Andover  Assoc.  1834  ; 
(Chatham,  Mass.,  1839-45,  Pelham,  N.  H.  1854-5,)  Kiskatom,  1800-6, 
Assoc.  Hef.  ' 

Rockwell,  Geo.  N.P>.S.  1851,1.  CI.  Westchester,  1851 ;  Waterloo,  1851^, 
Thousand  Isles,  1854 — 

Roe,  Sanford  W.  U.N.Y.  1847,  U.S.  1851, 1.  4th  Presl)yt.  N.  Y.  1851  ;  [Cairo, 
1852-60,  Jamestown,  1860-5,]  Germantown,  N.  Y.  18GG-8,  w.  c. 

RoGEKS,  Ebenezek  P.  Y.C.  1837,  P.S.  1840,  1.  S.  Assoc.  Litchfield,  Conn. 
1840;   [Chicopee  Falls,  Mass.  Cong.  1840-3,  Northampton,  1843-7,  Au- 


184  THE    MINISTRY. 

gusta,   Ga.   Presbyt.  1847-53,  Philadelphia,  1853-6]  Albany,  1856-62, 
South,  New-York,  18G2— 

Kogers,  Leonard.  N.B.S.  1832  1.  CI.  N.B.  1832 ;  Oatlin,  1832-3,  Sand 
Beach,  1833-4,  w.c.  1838. 

Rogers,  L.  0.  N.B.S.  1860. 

Rogers,  Samuel  J.  R.C.  1859,  N.B.S.  1862,1.  CI.  N.  Y.  1862;  Battle 
Creek,  1862-5,  Geneva,  1865— 

RoMAiNE,  Benj.  F.  R.C.  1842,  1.  Assoc.  N.  Y.  and  Brooklyn,  1850 ;  Editor 
of  the  American  Sj^iectator  at  Albany,  1842-57,  S.S.  Canajoharie,  1857 
-9,  Canajoharie,  1859-62,  Bound  Brook,  1862-8,  Sec.  Coloniz.  Soc.  Ohio, 
1868— 

Romeyn,  Benjamin,  (s,  of  Thos.  Romeyn,)  b.  1774,  and  died  just  as  he 
finished  his  theological  studies. 

Romeyn,  Dirck,  (or  Theodoric,)  (brother  of  Thos.  Romeyn,  Sr.,  b.  at  Hack- 
ensack,  1744,  C.N.J.  1765,  studied  theol.  under  J.  H.  Goetschius; 
licensed  by  the  American  Classis,  1766 ;  Marbletown,  Rochester,  and  Wa- 
warsing,  1766-75,  also  occasionally  supplied  Upper  Red  Hook  and  Red 
Hook  Landing,  1773-4,  Hackensack  (1st,)  and  Schraalenberg  (1st,)  1775 
-84,  Schenectady,  1784-1804,  d.  Also  Lector  in  Theology,  1792-7, 
Prof,  in  Theology,  1797-1804. 

He  possessed  a  mind  strong  and  energetic,  more  than  ordinarily  compre- 
hensive, and  capable  of  viewing  things  in  their  natures,  their  connections, 
their  dependencies  and  ends.  His  apprehension  was  quick  and  his  under- 
standing clear  and  informed.  His  judgment  was  sound  and  mature,  and 
his  memory  remarkably  retentive.  In  the  application  of  these  powers  of 
mind,  he  was  chiefly  bent  upon  his  professional  studies.  In  these  he  most 
delighted,  and  labored  most  of  all  to  excel.  He  was  versed  in  the  circles 
of  general  science,  well  read  in  history,  and  had  made  no  mean  attainments 
in  the  philosophy  of  the  human  mind. 

In  the  discharge  of  his  ministerial  functions  he  proved  himself  an  able 
minister  of  the  New  Testament,  a  watchman  that  needed  not  to  be  ashamed. 
As  he  had  loved  the  doctrines  of  grace,  and  had  experienced  their  power 
and  influence  on  his  own  heart,  so  also  he  insisted  on  them  in  his  public 
ministrations.  His  theme  uniformly  was  Christ  and  him  crucified.  Hisman- 
ncr'was  bold,  intrepid,  and  daring.  In  the  execution  of  his  duties,  he  M'as 
neither  daunted  nor  moved.  He  was  the  Boanerges  of  the  day.  When  he  pro- 
nounced Ebal's  curses  against  the  wicked,  it  was  like  the  thunders  of  Sinai, 
lie,  however,  was  not  incapable  of  the  pathetic.  He  could  at  times  move 
the  heart  and  melt  the  audience  to  tears.  His  discourses  were  solid  and 
interesting,  oftentimes  enlivened  hj  historical  anecdotes.  In  the  introduc- 
tion of  these  he  was  peculiarily  happy.  He  always  entered  deeply  into  his 
subject.     His  delivery  was  animated  and  unaffected,  without  ostentation, 


THE   MINISTRY.  185 

and  becoming  his  subject.  lie  aimed  at  notliing  but  what  was  perfectly 
natural. 

In  his  intercourse  with  the  world  he  supported  a  becoming  dignity.  In- 
dependence of  sentiment  marked  its  patli  through  its  busy  rounds.  lie 
knew  not  how  to  dissemble,  lie  was  polite  to  all,  familiar  with  few.  This 
rendered  the  circle  of  his  intimates  contracted,  and  the  number  of  his  con- 
fidential friends  small.  In  his  conversation  he  was  interesting,  and  always 
instructive,  lie  was  a  pillar  and  an  ornament  to  socictj'.  Saj's  one  of 
him,  "  lie  was  unquestionably  the  first  man  in  our  churcli,  among  tlic  first 
in  the  whole  American  church." 

He  and  Dr.  Livingston  were  constant  correspondents ;  they  discussed 
by  letter  all  the  important  affairs  of  the  denomination,  during  its  formative 
period.  lie  was  the  counsellor  of  senators,  the  adviser  and  compeer  of 
the  warriors  of  the  Revolution,  and  an  efficient  co-worker  with  the  pa- 
triot. He  took  the  lead  in  his  State,  in  giving  an  impetus  to  the  support  and 
patronage  of  classical  learning  ;  he  was  greatly  instrumental  in  the  found- 
ing of  Union  College  at  Schenectady. 

Romeyn,  James,  (s.  of  J.  V.  C.  Roraeyn,)  b.  at  Greenbush,  1797,  C.C.  1816, 
N.B.S.  1819,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1819;  Nassau,  1820-7,  Six  Mile  Run,  1827-33, 
Hackensack,  1833-6,  Catskill,  1836-40,  Leeds,  18-42-4,  Bergen  Neck, 
1844-50,  Geneva,  1850-1,  emeritus,  d.  1859. 

No  one  attempts  an  easy  task  who  would  depict  adequately  and  yet  briefly, 
the  character  of  James  Romej'n.  We  do  not  expect  entire  success.  Mr. 
Romeyn  was  of  an  exceedingly  sensitive  temperament.  This  peculiarity 
measurably  unfitted  him  for  contact  with  a  rough  world,  but  gave  extreme 
ardor  to  the  pursuit  of  studies  he  loved,  and  rendered  him,  with  his  strong 
mental  endowments,  perhaps  the  most  eloquent  of  our  preachers — a  flame 
of  fire  in  the  pulpit.  His  utterance  was  rapid  in  the  extreme,  yet  in  all  his 
best  da3'S  distinct,  his  posture  a  little  stooped,  his  03-0  following  his  notes 
closelj^,  his  action  not  ungraceful,  but  vivacious  and  impressive.  His  stj'Ie 
was  sententious,  full  of  Scripture,  of  which  a  leading  word  or  two  gave  you 
the  passage  and  its  use  in  the  argument.  His  quotations  and  allusions  of 
all  kinds,  and  his  abundant,  and  to  any  buthimself  almost  redundant,  com- 
parisons and  figures,  so  characterized  his  sermons  as  to  render  them  alto- 
gether peculiar.  Sometimes  a  closing  sentence  gave  finish  and  power  to  a 
paragraph  or  argument.  Thus  after  showing  how  science  fails  in  religion, 
he  says  :  "  To  attempt  thus  to  back  revelation,  is  like  holding  a  lamp  beside 
the  sun,  or  gilding  gold,  or  propping  the  Alps."  On  the  assumptions  and 
progress  of  popery,  "  There  is  a  sword  whose  edge  and  point  are  penetra- 
ting the  vitals  of  this  land,  whose  handle  is  at  Rome."  Discussing  religious 
form  without  religious  power,  he  concludes :  "  We  may  be  stable  as  a  pillar 
and  conservative  as  salt,  and  prove  notwithstanding,  like  Lot's  wife,  (whom 
we  are  commanded  to  remember,)  a  living  body  transformed  into  a  dead 
mass,  and  be  nothing  but  a  monument  of  folly  and  disobedience  after  all." 
In  preaching,  an  irrepressible  fire  seemed  to  burn  within  him,  ever  seeking 


186  THE    MINISTRY. 

to  flash  upon  others  its  Hght  and  heat  in  every  form  of  rapid  and  intense 
expression.  "Divine  Redeemer,  set  me  as  a  seal  upon  thy  heart!"  "  My 
soul  shall  make  her  boast  in  the  Lord  !"  "  The  humble  shall  hear  thereof 
and  be  glad  !"  "For  me  to  live  is  Christ!"  "This  God  is  our  God  forever 
and  ever,  he  shall  be  our  guide  even  unto  death  !"  "  Remember  thee  I  If  I 
forget  thee,  my  bleeding,  dying  Lord,  let  my  right  hand  forget  her  cun- 
ning!" 

"  Did  ever  pity  stoop  so  low, " 
Dressed  in  divinity  and  blood  ? 
Was  ever  rebel  courted  so 

In  groans  of  an  expiripg  God  f " 

With  such  impetuous  burning  words,  his  face  and  whole  system  in  a 
glow,  would  he  preach  for  more  than  an  hour  commonly,  and  then,  while 
at  Catskill,  would  often  cease,  to  find  himself  completely  exhausted,  and  to 
be  helped  through  the  window  beside  the  pulpit  and  to  his  bed  in  the  par- 
sonage in  rear  of  the  church. 

Mr.  Romcyn  has  left  only  three  sermons  in  print.  General  Synod,  1842  ; 
the  American  Tract  Society,  184:2  ;  and  "  A  parting  Memoiial,"  1857.  Be- 
sides these  we  have  his  extended  "  Report,"  General  Synod,  1848,  which  cost 
him  great  labor;  and  though  criticised  unmercifull}'-,  its  suggestions  have 
been  abundantly  proved  wise  and  judicious.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  his 
manuscripts  are  so  written  as  to  be  now  wholly  illegible.  He  refused  the 
D.D.  In  person,  Mr.  Romeyn  was  tall,  face  large,  forehead  large  and  re- 
treating, features  prominent,  eyes  grayish  blue,  hair  light  brown,  parted 
from  the  right  side,  short,  neat  and  smooth.  lie  was  a  man  to  impress  you, 
voice  full,  manners  ministerial,  but  modest  and  unstudied,  conversation 
turning  constantly  to  the  church  and  religious  themes.  He  was  gifted  in 
prayer,  and  his  asking  a  blessing  at  table  worth  a  journey  to  hear.  He  very 
seldom  indeed  spoke  anywhere  without  the  paper.  He  was  disabled  by 
paralysis,  at  Geneva,  1850,  and  this  attack  acting  on  an  extremely  nervous 
constitution,  gradually  destroyed  both  body  and  mind,  until  after  some 
years  of  suffering  he  was  admitted  to  his  rest. — A.  D.  B. 

In  the  Seminary,  it  is  said  of  him,  he  was  never  tardy  in  time,  nor  loose 
in  preparation.  In  his  intercourse  with  his  fellow-students,  he  was  blithe 
and  joyous,  with  an  unfailing  smile  of  good-fellovrship.  He  was  never  angry, 
though  his  nature  was  impulsive.  His  earlj;-  efforts  at  sermonizing  showed 
the  budding  of  that  rich  and  exuberant  imagination  which  so  eminently 
distinguished  his  more  mature  efforts.  He  would  pursue  a  principal  thought 
into  its  successive  inferences,  associations,  corollaries,  and  suggestions,  un- 
til it  made  almost  a  complete  circle  of  Christian  doctrine.  When  he  had 
made  one  of  these  successful  efforts  which  showed  him  to  be  a  head  and 
shoulders  taller  than  many  of  his  seniors,  he  did  not  seem  to  be  aware  of 
the  fact. 

As  a  preacher  he  never  occupied  as  conspicuous  a  position  as  his  abilities 
merited,  partly  on  account  of  shattered  health,  and  partly  because  he  shun- 
ned publicity.  His  rapid  and  impetuous  delivery  impaired  the  effect  of 
his  sermons,  but  his  mind  was  engine-like  in  its  workings. 


THE    MINISTRY.  187 

His  discourses  exhibited  great  intellectual  power,  being  always  well  pre- 
pared, full  of  the  marrow  of  the  Gospel,  glowing  imagery,  and  brilliant 
thought ;  yet  his  wonderful  rapidity  of  utterance  seemed  at  first  to  confound 
the  mind,  as  it  required  the  closest  attention  to  follow  him.  He  always 
came  to  the  sanctuary  with  beaten  oil,  feeling  deeply  that  the  responsibility 
of  souls  was  upon  him.  Ilis  conscientiousness  on  this  subject  prevented 
him  from  accepting  of  several  rcspoifsible  fields  which  were  freely  offered 
him.  His  illustrations  were  gathered  from  every  class  of  objects  in  tlie  na- 
tural Avorld,  as  well  as  from  histor}'  and  science.  Any  thing  forcible  or 
beautiful,  found  b)'  him,  was  marked,  and  found  a  place  in  his  reference 
book,  and  hence  he  was  always  ready  with  a  store  of  apt  and  brilliant  im- 
agery. His  clerical  brethren  were  happy  to  receive  from  him  the  messages 
of  salvation.  He  was  ever  instructive  and  encouraging  to  them,  and  his 
labors  were  highl}'  prized  for  their  elevating  and  ennobling  character.  On 
one  occasion,  rising  from  a  sick-bed  to  fulfill  an  engagement,  he  poured  forth 
a  tide  of  eloquence  for  more  than  an  hour,  and  sinking  exhausted  on  his 
seat  called  on  the  venei'able  Dr.  Porter,  sitting  in  a  pew  near  the  pulpit, 
to  conclude  with  prayer.  Overwhelmed  with  the  big  thoughts  and  burning 
words  of  the  preacher,  he  commenced  his  prayer  with  an  earnest  thanks- 
giving for  the  feast  of  fat  things  which  they  had  received,  and  then  added, 
"  But,  0  Lord,  thou  hast  given  our  dear  brother  a  mighty  mind  and  big 
heart,  but  thou  knowest  thou  hast  put  them  in  a  poor,  weak  body.  0  Lord, 
bless  his  bod}^,  oh  !  bless  his  body,  to  keep  that  mind  and  heart  for  future 
service." 

"With  his  tall  form  strung  up  to  the  highest  nervous  tension,  and  his 
tongue  pouring  forth  a  lava-tide  of  burning  eloquence,  he  was  one  of  the 
most  powerful  of  preachers,  not  noted  so  much  for  literary  polish,  or  for 
originality  in  fancy,  or  for  erudition,  or  pathos,  but  almost  unequalcd  in  the 
grander  sublimities  of  eloquence.     He  was  a  Boanerges. 

He  saw  the  great  system  of  revealed  truth  in  all  its  grandeur,  and  he  bent 
his  mighty  energies  to  set  it  forth  in  its  most  impressive  manner,  from  the 
time  he  entered  the  ministry  till  his  Master's  hand  was  laid  upon  him.  He 
made  as  much  preparation  to  address  a  little  gathering  in  a  country-.school- 
house,  as  for  the  great  congregation  on  the  Sabbath.  At  funerals  he  was 
always  happy  in  his  choice  of  sul>jecls,  and  in  his  manner  of  presenting 
them.  In  some  of  his  flights  of  eloquence,  a  silence  like  that  of  death 
would  come  over  his  audience.  He  was  wonderfully  apposite  in  his  quo- 
tations from  Scripture,  and  the  passage  as  uttered  by  him  would  often  be 
fastened  on  the  memory  of  his  hearer  for  a  life-time.  Equally  remarkable 
in  this  respect  was  his  power  in  prayer — tlie  richest  expressions  from  the 
word  of  God  pouring  from  his  lips. 

He  was  especially  noted  for  his  zeal.  He  was  an  earnest,  laborious,  and 
faithful  worker.  He  was  also  kind  and  attentive  to  the  suffering  and  ilying. 
He  perhaps  expected  too  much  fi'om  human  nature,  and  sometimes  seemed 
severe  in  expressing  his  views  of  the  actions  of  Christian  men.  He  saw  and 
felt  how  things  ought  to  be,  and  if  he  could  not  effect  these  changes,  it  rcn- 


188  THE  MINISTRYo 

dered  him  unhapp}'.  But  many  of  his  strong  expressions  are  to  be  attri- 
buted to  the  structure  of  his  mind,  for  he  thought,  and  wrote,  and  spoke, 
in  figures,  often  warm  and  glowing. 

He  was  stricken  with  paralysis  while  in  his  chamber,  in  Geneva,  a  few 
days  before  the  time  fixed  for  his  ordination. .  He  had  already  made  a  great 
and  most  favorable  impression  in  that  community.  From  this  time  disease 
continually  tried  him ;  his  nervous  system  was  all  unhinged,  and  wearisome 
days  and  nights  were  appointed  him. 

Romeyn,  Jas.  Van  Campen,  (s.  of  Thos.  Romeyn,)  b.  at  Minisink,  1765, 
Schenectady  Academy,  1784,  studied  theology  under  D.  Romeyn,  1.  by 
Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1787 ;  Schodack  and  Greenbush,  1788-94,  Greenbush 
and  Wynantskill,  1794-9,  Hackensack,  (2d,)  and  Schraalenburgh,  (2d,) 
1799-1833,  d.  1840. 

He  was  one  of  the  four  sons  of  Thomas  Romeyn,  all  of  whom  studied  for 
the  ministry.  He  was  the  subject  of  religious  impressions  at  an  early  age, 
and  his  remarkable  stability  of  character  may  be  traced  to  the  influence  of 
a  conscience  correctly  trained,  and  views  of  truth  formed  in  the  light  of  the 
divine  testimony,  fondly  cherished,  and  carefully  and  consistently  applied. 
He  was  not  distinguished  so  much  for  energy  of  action,  for  eloquence  of 
speech,  for  vastness  of  conception,  or  for  originality  of  plan  ;  yet  in  the  con- 
sideration of  his  character,  there  is  a  feeling  of  satisfaction  and  admiration. 
His  mind  was  correct,  his  judgment  clear,  his  plans  marked  by  usefulness, 
and  in  all  he  did  he  was  distinguished  for  a  large  predominance  of  high 
moral  qualities.  No  one  could  charge  him  with  rash  enterprise,  doubti'ul 
expedients,  personal  antipathies,  excited  words,  retaliating  acts,  or  irritating 
and  aggressive  measures.  The  proportions  of  his  character  were  in  admira- 
ble adjustment.  There  was  an  honesty  and  transparency  of  purpose,  a  self- 
control  and  calmness  in  manner,  a  steadiness  in  action,  and  directness  in 
his  policies,  which  constrained  respectful  attention  and  delicate  regard  for 
his  suggestions  and  avowals.  He  walked  with  God  in  the  cultivation  of 
personal  piety.  During  a  double  charge  of  thirty-five  years,  it  is  not  known 
that  there  was  one  act  of  collision,  or  one  unkind,  unsettling  word  or  cir- 
cumstance in  his  congregations.  In  the  affairs  of  the  church  he  was  uniformly 
the  ready  helper,  the  judicious  counsellor,  the  pacificator.  Without  the  form 
of  judicial  authority,  he  wielded  an  influence  far  more  effectual,  desirable, 
and  honorable.  Without  their  ever  having  seen  him  or  heard  him,  he  was 
called  to  the  distracted  churches  of  Bergen  Co.,  N.  J.,  on  the  ground  of  his 
reputation,  as  a  man  of  forbearance,  discretion,  and  piety.  He  was  con- 
temporary with  Solomon  Froeligh,  at  Hackensack  and  Schraalenburgh,  for 
nearly  thirty  years,  and  was  the  nearest  witness  of  the  sad  secession  which 
has  so  long  afflicted  those  localities.  It  became  his  dut}^,  indeed,  to  present 
this  matter  to  Synod,  for  their  action.  He  was  inflexible  where  principle 
was  involved;  yielding,  where  it  was  not.  A  casual  acquaintance  would 
not  understand  his  merits.  His  whole  disposition  led  to  retirement  and  a 
noiseless  course  of  life.     His  disinterestedness  was  frequently  and  nobly 


THE   MINISTRY.  189 

displayed.  In  the  summer  of  1832,  ho  was  struck  with  paral\'sis,  and, 
though  partially  restored,  aud  able  to  olliciatc  again,  yet  a  second  attack,  in 
April,  1833,  compelled  him  to  cease  from  labor.  His  last  effort  to  preach, 
at  a  communion  season,  touched  every  heart  most  deeply.  Whatever  he 
had  intended  to  say,  he  burst  forth  in  the  cry,  "  Have  pity  on  me,  0  my 
friends !  for  the  hand  of  God  has  touched  me  !"  and  his  utterance  was  soon 
choked.  From  the  day  his  tongue  refused  to  speak,  he  yielded  up  all  his 
perquisites — a  fair  specimen  of  his  generosity.  Few  men  exceeded  him  in 
the  power  of  scriptural  illustration,  and  ability  to  weave  the  phraseology 
of  the  Bible  into  the  structure  of  his  sentences ;  in  concentrating  thought 
and  giving  an  attractive  flavor  and  raciness  to  his  productions.  He  took  a 
very  active  part  in  the  endowment  of  Queens  College,  in  1810.  The  last 
eight  years  of  his  life,  he  was  a  paralytic ;  but  the  same  patience  and  meek- 
ness, the  same  cairn  and  tranquillizing  hope,  became  more  conspicuous. 

Romcyn,  Jeremiah,  (nephew  of  Thomas  Romeyn,)  b.  in  N.Y.C.  17G8,  studied 
under  D.  Romcyn  and  II.  Meyer,  1.  by  Syn.  R.D.  Chs.  1788;  Linlithgo, 
and  supplied  also  Upper  and  Lower  Red  Hook,  1788-180G,  Harlem,  1806 
-14,  supplied  Schoharie  Kill  and  Beaverdam,  (Roxbury,)  1814—17,  sup- 
plied Woodstock,  Dec.  1817-Feb.  1818,  died  in  July,  1818.  Also  Prof, 
of  Hebrew,  1797-1818. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  imposing  personal  appearance,  of  full  habit,  grave,  dig- 
nified, and  graceful.  His  head  was  finely  formed  ;  his  visage  dark,  with  a 
dark-blue,  powerful  ej^e,  well  set  under  an  expanded  brow ;  his  countenance 
florid;  his  hair  full  and  white,"  (1812,)  "and  usually  powdered  when  en- 
tering the  pulpit,  or  associating  with  gentlemen  of  the  olden  school." 

With  an  excellent  voice  of  large  compass,  and  with  a  deliberate  manner, 
he  was  an  interesting  and  pleasing  speaker.  He  preached  without  notes. 
He  was  able  to  combine  divers  styles  of  sermonizing  and  manner  in  a  single 
discourse — the  didactic,  descriptive,  discursive,  and  illustrative.  He  would 
sometimes  begin  with  an  exordium  remotum,  like  the  Dutch,  then  reason 
calmly  and  closely,  in  the  English  style,  and  perhaps  finish  with  the  lively 
and  picturesque  manner  of  the  French.  He  was  entirely  self-possessed,  and 
manifested  profound  thought  in  his  preaching. — Sprar/iie's  Annals. 

Romeyn,  John  Brodhead,  (s.  of  Dirck  Romeyn,)  b.  J777,  C.C.  1795,  studied 
under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1798;  Rhinebeck  Flats,  1799-1803, 
(Schenectady,  Prcsbyt.  1803-4,  Albany,  Presbyt.  1804-8,  New-York, 
Cedar  St.  Presbyt.  1808-25,)  d. 

He  left  the  Dutch  connection,  accepting  a  call  to  the  Presbyterian  Church 
of  Schenectady,  that  he  might  be  near  his  aged  father,  to  soothe  him  in  his 
declining  days.  The  venerable  professor  rejoiced  at  the  opening  usefulness 
and  honors  of  his  only  son.  He  was  called  in  a  few  years  to  New-York. 
His  friends  trembled  for  the  result  of  this  bold  experiment.  His  people 
consisted  of  some  of  the  most  enterprising  and  spirited  men  of  the  city. 
But  here  his  genius,  his  power  of  discrimination,  his  decisive  and  energetic 


190  THE   MINISTRY. 

mind,  and  his  eloquence,  gained  him  attention  and  success.  Humility, 
meekness,  and  consummate  discretion  tempered  the  more  rigid  traits  of  his 
decisive  and  intrepid  soul.  It  was  a  new  congregation,  under  the  very  sha- 
dow of  the  church  of  the  renowned  Dr.  Mason.  Yet  he  collected  and  bound 
together  a  loving  people,  and  was  the  successful  instrument  in  melting  them 
down  to  the  obedience  of  the  cross.  He  maintained  his  eminent  position 
amid  all  the  talent  and  eloquence  of  the  mart  of  America.  His  people 
ever  adhered  to  him,  declaring  that  he  was  their  j^r^i  pastor,  in  every  re- 
spect. Yet  he  had  his  trials.  An  acute  sensibility  had  been  cherished  un- 
til it  became  morbid ;  which,  combined  with  intellectual  and  bodily  labors, 
brought  him  to  a  comparatively  early  grave. — See  Sprague's  Annals. 

Romeyn,  Theodore  B.  (s.  of  Jas.  Romeyn,)  R.C.  1840,  N.B.S.  1849,  1.  CI. 
Bergen,  1849;  Blawenberg,  1849-65,  Hackensack,  1st,  1865— 

Romeyn,  Theodore  F.  b.  1760,  (s.  of  Thos.  Romeyn,)  studied  under  Living- 
ston (?)  1.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,  1783 ;  Raritan  and 
Bedminster,  Nov.  1784-Sept.  '85,  d. 

Romeyn,  Thomas,  (Sr.,)b.  atPompton,  1729,  C.N.J.  1750,  studied  under  Goet- 
schius  and  T.  Frelinghuysen,  1.  CI.  Amsterdam,  1752;  Success,  New- 
town, Oyster  Bay,  and  Jamaica,  1753-60,  Minisink,  Walpeck,  Smithfield, 
and  Deerpark,  1700-71,  also  occasionally  supplying  Clove  Station,  Ulster 
Co.  N.Y.,  Caughnawaga,  1771-94,  d. 

After  preaching  a  few  times  on  Long  Island,  he  sailed,  in  April,  1752,  to 
Holland,  for  ordination.  On  his  settlement  in  Long  Island,  though  a  pru- 
dent man,  he  found  it  difficult  to  still  the  troubled  waters.  His  call,  also, 
was  not  unanimous.  In  1757,  De  Ronde  usurped  authoiity  by  presiding 
at  a  meeting  of  the  disaffected  elements,  and  another  minister  was  called. 
Romeyn  being  a  quiet  and  peaceful  man  sought  freedom  from  the  strife  in 
another  field  of  labor. 

Romeyn,  Thomas,  b.  at  Caughnawaga,  1777,  (s.  of  Thos.  Romeyn,)  U.C. 

1797,  studied  under  D.  Romeyn,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1798  ;•  Florida,  1800-0, 

Niskayuna  and  Amity,  1806-27,  w.  c.  1827-57,  d. 

Nature  had  endowed  him  with  a  majestic  frame,  and  his  dignified  per- 
sonal appearance  was  calculated  to  impress  those  who  met  him.  His  words 
were  weighty,  and  his  opinions  carefully  guarded.  In  business  afRiirs  he 
was  scrupulously  just  and  honest.  He  could  indulge  in  a  quiet  humor 
which  amused  the  social  circle,  or  gave  inimitable  point  to  some  keen  re- 
flection. Never  boisterous  nor  violent,  his  genial  spirit  flowed  like  a  peace- 
ful river.  He  was  fixed  in  his  vi'^ws,  and  calmly  self-possessed  in  main- 
taining them  ;  a  thoughtful,  reflecting  man,  he  was  seldom  or  never  taken 
by  surprise.  Neither  in  personal  affairs  nor  in  the  councils  of  the  church 
did  he  display  the  hurried  manner  and  action  whicli  betokened  impulse 
without  deliberation.  His  understanding  was  one  of  masculine  vigor.  He 
dealt  with  principles,  and  jealously  guarded  their  maintenance  and  applica- 
tion.     His  preaching  was  eminently  scriptural  and  experimental.      His 


THE    MINISTRY.  191 

peaccfal  spirit  would  not  allow  him  to  indulge  in  controversy,  lie  was  a 
careful  student  and  observer  of  the  constitution  and  order  of  the  church. 
His  views  were  generally  far-reaching,  sagacious,  accurate,  and  consistent. 
His  opinions  were  always  treated  with  the  highest  respect  and  considera- 
tion. His  attainments  were  respectable,  and  his  reading  was  carefully  di- 
gested and  stored  for  use.  He  was  not  an  orator,  nor  did  he  aim  at  the 
•graces  of  composition  ;  yet  he  could  enchain  an  audience  bj'-  his  solemn  and 
calm  earnestness,  his  logical  argument,  and  his  forcible  appeal.  In  1827, 
he  was  obliged  to  resign  pastoral  duties,  because  of  fiiilure  in  health.  In 
18i8,  he  met  with  a  fall,  which  crippled  him  for  the  rest  of  his  life. 

RoMOXDT,  C.  R.  V.  (or  Von  Romondt,)  R.C.  1841,  N.B.S.  1844,  1.  CI.  N.B. 
1844;  Prof.  Modern  Langs,  in  Rutgers  Coll.  184G-59,  Greenville,  18G0-1, 
S.S.  Cold  Spring,  18G2,  w.  c— 

Roof,  Garret  L.  U.C.  18.31  ;  Auriesville,  1847-50,  Port  Jackson,  1850-5, 
Southwest-Troy,  1855-64. 

Roosa,  Egbert,  from  Prcsbyt.  of  Columbia;  Miss,  to  Shokan,  1828-30,  Sho- 
kan,  (S.S.)  1831-4,  (Bath,  Presbyt.) 

Roosevelt,  Washington,  Bronxville,  1857 — 

Rose,  Louis,  French  Ref.  New- York,  1724 — ... 

Rosegrant,  (Rosenkrantz,)  Elijah,  Q.C.  1791,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie. 
by  the  Partic.  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1794;  became  a  physician  at  Paramus, 
d.  1832. 

Rosencrantz,  J.     From  Presbyt.  of  Utica;  S.S.  Princetown,  1849-50. 

Rosenkrantz,  Ab.  Canajoharie,  17.. -1758,  Ger.  Ref.  N.Y.C.  1758-9,  (un- 
der the  Ger.  Coetus  at  this  time,)  Schoharie,  (and  Canajoharie,  [?]  )  1700 
-Go,  Canajoharie  and  German  Flats,  (same  as  Great  Flat.s,)  17Go-94,  d. 

[Rothenbergler,  (Rothenbiihler,)  Fred.  b.  at  Berne,  Switz.  172G,  studied  at 
Berne,  ordained  1752  ;  (Ilaag  and  Amsterdam,  Holland,  1759-GO,  pastor 
Ger.  Ref.  Ch.  London,  Eng.  17G0-1,)  Ger.  Ref.  N.Y.C.  1761-2,  (Ger. 
Coetus,)  Philadelphia,  Ger.  1762-5,  (?)  deposed,  d.  1766.] 

Rouse,  Peter  P.  b.  1798,  at  Athens,  N.Y.  U.C.  1821,  N.B.S.  1821,  1.  CI. 

N.B.  1821;  Florida,  1822-8,  Brooklyn,  1828-33,'  d. 

His  early  religious  impressions,  his  great  amiability  of  temper,  and  re- 
spectable talents,  soon  pointed  him  out  as  a  fit  candidate  for  the  ministry. 
But  his  life  was  brief.  lie  was  instant,  in  season  and  out  of  season,  not 
only  in  the  pulpit,  but  from  house  to  house;  and  in  the  family  circle,  in 
the  sick-room,  at  the  dying  bed,  he  ftvithfully  preached  the  Gospel.  It  was 
while  in  the  performance  of  one  of  these  labors  of  love  that  he  experienced 
a  violent  hemorrhage  of  the  lungs,  which,  in  a  few  months,  terminated  his 
useful  life.  He  had  been  suddenly  called  on  to  visit  a  person  in  great  afflic- 
tion of  body  and  distress  of  mind,  and  he  was  so  painfully  afTected  by  the 


192  THE    MINISTRY. 

scene,  that,  with  a  delicate  nervous  system,  aud  in  great  excitement  of 
mind  on  returning  home,  he  burst  a  blood-vessel.  But,  as  his  short  career 
in  hfe  had  been  pious  and  useful,  so  was  his  death  peaceful  and  happy. 

Rowan,  Stephen,  b.  at  Salem,  N.Y.  1787,  U.C.  1804,  studied  under  J,  11. 

Meyer  and  Jer.  Romeyn,  1.  01.  N.Y.  1806;  Greenwich,  N.Y.C.  1807-19, 

(8th  Presbyt.  Christopher  St.  N.Y.C.)  1819-25  ;  Sec.  of  Soc.  for  Amel. 

Condition  of  the  Jews,  1825-35,  d. 

At  the  early  age  of  six,  he  had  received  deep  impressions  of  religion, 
having  been  nurtured  in  truth  by  the  kind  and  faithful  instructions  of  a 
pious  mother.  At  Greenwich,  his  zealous  and  faithful  labors  were  abun- 
dantly blessed,  but  at  length  an  unhappy  difference  caused  him  to  leave  that 
church,  and  to  found  the  Eighth  Presbyterian  Church  in  Christopher  St.  in 
which  many  of  his  personal  friends  and  converts  of  his  ministry  united. 
Here  great  success  also  attended  his  labors.  For  many  years  he  was  the 
efficient  secretary  for  the  society  whose  object  was  to  ameliorate  the  condi- 
tion of  the  Jews,  visiting  Europe  in  this  behalf. 

He  was  universally  recognized  in  the  community  as  a  man  of  perspicu- 
ous, commanding  intellect.  His  mind  was  characterized  by  clearness,  direct- 
ness, definiteness,  and  sound  common  sense.  He  went  directly  to  his  ob- 
ject, and  whatever  his  hearers  may  have  thought  of  his  public  exhibitions, 
none  could  doubt  the  meaning  of  his  remarks,  and  few  could  avoid  their 
point.  His  style  of  composition  was  remarkably  chaste  and  accurate, 
adorned  at  times  by  the  happiest  illustrations,  drawn  from  his  extensive 
reading.  As  a  friend  he  was  most  affectionate  and  faithful,  and  while  to 
the  world  that  had  often  cruelly  oppressed  him  he  might  sometimes  appear 
to  cover  his  heart  under  an  iron  mask,  yet,  to  trusted  friends,  he  was  warm- 
hearted, confiding,  and  tender.  It  pleased  God  to  try  him  sorely  in  various 
ways,  yet  he  did  not  weep  over  his  own  trials  ;  but  he  would  shed  tears  of 
sympathy  with  others  in  their  misfortunes.  He  commended  himself  highly 
while  in  Europe  to  the  friends  of  truth,  who  spoke  of  him  in  terms  of  warm 
approbation.  The  exercises  of  his  mind  in  his  last  illness  were  character- 
ized by  clear  and  sometimes  awful  views  of  the  nature  of  sin,  by  great 
humility  of  spirit,  and  tender  and  ardent  love  to  his  Saviour,  his  hopes  ever 
brightening  as  his  end  approached ;  his  faith  strengthening,  and  his  con- 
versation being  peculiarly  rich,  solemn,  and  impressive. 

Rowland,  J.  M.,  from  Presbyt.  Ch.  1851  ;  South- Brooklyn,  1853,  d. 

Rubel,  Johannes  Casparus,  b.  1719,  c.  to  America,  1751 ;  educated  in  Ger- 
many; Philadelphia,  Ger.  Ref.  1751-5,  Camp,  Red  Hood,  and  Rhinebeck, 
(Ger.)  1755-9,  Brooklyn,  Flatlands,  Flatbush,  New-Utrecht,  Bushwick, 
(and  Gravesend,)  1759-83,  1784,  deposed,  died,  1797.  See  Min.G.  S.  i. 
109.     A  zealous  Conferentie  man. 

He  was  styled  by  the  German  Coetus,  in  1755,  "  the  rebellious  Rubel," 
and  requested  to  resign  his  charge.  He  claims  also  to  have  been  minister 
in  the  manor  of  Cortlandt,  1769,  and  in  Clarkstown,   1770.     He  was  a 


THE    MINISTRY.  193 

violent  tory,  calling  tlic  American  soldiers  ''Satan's  soldiers,"  antl  fre- 
quently denounced  from  tlie  pulpit,  in  violent  language,  tlie  cause  of  inde- 
pendence. He  was  also  accused  of  drunkenness  and  bad  treatment  of  his 
wife. — IT.  Onderdonlc. 

Hud)-,  John,  b.  in  Switzerland,    1791,  studied  under  lIclfTenstein,  1.  CI. 

Maryland,  ((J.U.)  1S21 ;  (Guilford,  N.C.  1821-4,)  Gcrmantown,  N.Y.  1825- 

S,"),  also  supplied  Red  llook  Landing;  Miss,  to  the  Germans  in  N.Y.C. 

1835-8;  Gcr.  Evang.  Miss.  Ch.  N.Y.C.  1838-42,  d. 

While  a  student  in  Philadelphia,  he  made  himself  very  useful  in  holding 
prayer-meetings  among  the  Germans,  and  visiting  the  poor  and  side.  He 
removed  from  North-Carolina  to  the  north,  because  the  climate  did  not  agree 
with  him.  lie  exerted  a  great  influence  for  good  on  the  Hudson,  where  his 
memory  was  long  embalmed  in  the  affections  of  the  people.  But  in  visit- 
ing the  cit}'  he  was  deeply  impressed  with  the  necessities  of  the  Gcrn)an 
population  there.  He  resolved  to  devote  himself  to  their  welfare.  He 
therefore  resigned  his  pleasant  settlement,  and  moved  to  the  din  of  the 
metropolis.  He  preached  at  first  in  a  hired  room  to  a  very  few.  By  un- 
wearied labors,  soundness  of  judgment,  prudence,  and  consistency  of  con- 
duct, he  at  length  built  up  a  church  of  three  hundred  members.  Crowded 
as  they  were,  he  resolved  to  seek  to  secure  for  them  a  proper  edifice.  The 
Collegiate  Church  gave  them  the  use  of  a  lot  on  Houston  St.,  and  he  raised 
by  personal  effort  $10,000,  and  a  fine  edifice  rewarded  his  labors.  But  he 
took  a  cold  in  his  subsequent  arduous  pastoral  duties,  which  soon  termina- 
ted his  life.  His  loss  was  deeply  felt.  He  left  a  good  report  among  all  the 
brethren.  His  mind  was  well  balanced,  and  his  judgment  sound.  He  was 
distinguished  for  a  practical  wisdom  which  combined  discretion  and  pru- 
dence with  zeal,  fidelity,  and  perseverance,  and  which  proved  an  important 
element  in  all  his  success.  His  piety  was  warm,  decided,  and  active.  His 
spirit  was  uniformly  cheerful  without  levity,  and  this  combined  with  his 
discretion  secured  him  access,  confidence,  and  attachment.  He  was  con- 
nected with  the  Tract  Society  for  the  diffusion  of  evangelical  literature 
among  the  Germans. 

[Runkel,  John  TV.,  b.  in  Palatinate,  1749,  1.  by  Ger.  Coetus,  1777,  Shippens- 
burgh,  Carlisle,  Lower  Settlement,  and  Ilummelstown,  Pa.,  1777-81  ;  the 
same,  with  Lebanon  and  Donegal,  1781-4,  Frederick,  Md.,  1784-1802,. 
•  Germantown,  Pa.,  1802-5,  New-York,  (G.R.)  Forsyth  St.  1805-12,  Get- 
tysburgh,  Emmetsburgh,  and  Taneytown,  1815-19,  Gettysburgh,  1819-28, 
d.  1832.] 

His  father  emigrated  to  America,  with  his  family,  in  17G4.  In  his  minis- 
try, his  zeal  and.  earnestness  and  his  insisting  on  vital  pietj'  awakened 
much  opposition  against  him,  and  he  suffered  considerable  persecution. 
His  ministry,  from  the  central  point  where  he  was  located,  extended  over 
large  sections  of  country.  At  Frederick,  his  enemies  tried  assiduously  to 
eject  him,  but  failed.  For  a  time  Runkel  lost  possession  of  his  church, 
because  the  friends  of  Rev.  Geo.  Schncyder,  of  Schoharie,  wished  to 
13 


194  THE    MINISTRY. 

settle  7/i7rt,  but  the  court  restored  to  Runkel  the  property,  (1800.)  Schneyder 
had  gone  to  Frederick,  in  1787,  to  sohcit  funds  to  build  a  church  at  Scho- 
•barie,  and  the  next  year  had  returned  to  Frederick,  and  maintained  a  party 
there  for  a  number  of  years.  While  settled  in  the  independent  German 
'Church  in  New-York,  he  made  a  visit  to  several  of  the  German,  Lutheran, 
and  Dutch  ministers  along  the  Hudson,  which  is  minutely  detailed  in  his 
journal,  among  others  spending  several  days  at  Domine  Gebhard's  at  Clave- 
rack,  {RarhauglC s  Lives,  ii.  299.)  After  he  left  New-York,  he  made  his  home 
■in  Germantown,  Pa.,  frequently  itinerating  and  preaching,  as  he  also  did 
after  his  resignation  at  Gettysburgh,  in  1823. 

He  was  a  man  of  strong  physical  constitution,  tall  and  raw-boned  in  per- 
son. His  powers  of  endurance  were  great.  He  was  venerable  and  patriar- 
chal in  appearance,  excitable  in  temper,  warm  in  preaching,  in  short,  "  a 
son  of  thunder."  He  was  in  advance  of  his  times,  and  hence  regarded 
somewhat  as  a  fanatic.  His  preaching  was  evangelical,  apt  in  illustration, 
and  affectionate  in  appeal.  He  ever  manifested  much  sympathy  toward  the 
suffering,  visiting  also  prisoners,  and  those  under  sentence  of  death. 

RuTTE,  John  M.,  University  of  Utrecht;  N.B.S.  18G7,  1.  CI.  N.B.  18C7 ; 
Patcrson,  (Hoi.)  1867— 

'JIYERSON,  Abram  G.  R.C.  1839,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  Passaic,  1842  ;  Govham, 
1843-5,  Wyckoff,  1845-05,  w.  c— 

'Eysdyck,  Isaac,  Hopewell,  New-Hackensack,  (and  Poughkeepsie,  M.G.S.i, 
31-37,)  1705-72,  Fishkill,  Hopewell,  and  New-Hackensack,  1772-89,  re- 
signed, d.  1790. 

"  He  was,"  says  Dr.  Brownlee,  "  in  his  day,  considered  the  most  learned 
theologian  in  the  Dutch  Church.  He  was  familiar  with  the  classics.  He 
wrote  in  Greek,  but  especially  in  Latin,  with  as  much  facility  as  in  his  native 
Dutch,  and  in  the  Universit}^  of  Grunigen  he  was  as  familiar  with  Hebrew 
as  with  his  mother  tongue.  But  great  as  were  his  attainments  in  the  sacred 
and  profane  classics,  his  theological  readings  and  attainments  were  no  less 
extensive  and  accurate.  His  sermons  were  specimens  of  the  analytical 
form  of  discussion.  The  body  of  them  were  judicious  and  mastei'ly  dis- 
sertations, and  the  applications  were  practical  and  full  of  afi'ectionate  con- 
solations, warnings,  and  reprovings."  He  was  of  commanding  personal  ap- 
pearance, and,  in  his  manners,  an  old-time  gentleman.  According  to  the 
custom  of  those  days,  he  usually  rode  on  horseback,  wearing  a  cocked  hat, 
and  white  flowing  wig,  with  the  customary  clerical  dress.  On  the  Sabbath 
he  rode  up  to  the  church  door,  where  the  sexton  was  waiting  to  take  his 
horse,  and  dismounting  would  pass  into  the  church  and  kneel  in  silent 
prayer,  at  the  foot  of  the  pulpit.  He  was  also  principal  of  a  classical  school 
at  Fishkill,  in  which  John  H.  Livingston  and  other  eminent  men  received 
their  earlier  education.  Synod  endorsed  his  academy  in  1772.  He  was 
received  in  1765  by  his  congregations  with  great  love  and  joy.  He  belonged 
to  the  Conferentie  part)'-,  but  never  manifested  much  bitterness  of  spirit. 


THE   MINISTRY.  105 

and  at  the  meeting  in  1772,  to  adopt  articles  of  union  between  the  parties, 
he  was  made  president.  lie  lived  in  troublous  times,  both  for  churcli  and 
state.  Many  of  his  congregation  were  tories  in  the  Revolution,  and  parly 
spirit  ran  high. — See  K'q/s  Hist.  Bis. 

Sahsbury,  Wm.     Blenheim,  lS32-i. 

Sawvkk,  Andrew,  (a  native  Hindoo,)  educated  by  the  missionaries  in  India, 
1.  CI.  Arcot,  India,  1859;  Rahnpett,  (Arcot,)  1S59-G5,  Sattambady,  1805, 
with  the  station  Granodaya,  18G7 — 

Sciiaats,  Gideon,  b.  1G07,  1.  01.  Amsterdam,  IGol  ;  Rensselaorwyck,  10.j2 

-O-i,  supplied  also,  at  times,  Schenectad}^, 

He  had  been  a  schoolmaster  at  Beest,  Holland,  before  coming  to  America. 
During  his  pastorate  at  Albany,  Gov.  Andros  compelled  him  to  receive  as  a 
colleague  Van  Renslaer,  an  Episcopalian.  (Van  Rexslaei?.)  Not  being  a 
union  of  love,  it  is  not  surprising  that  it  was  lacking  in  harmony.  But  Rens- 
laer was  soon  removed  by  death.  During  the  latter  part  of  his  ministry, 
Schaats  had  difficulties  with  his  congregation,  to  which  were  added  also  do- 
mestic troubles.     He  was  a  Yoetian  in  hermeneutics. 

SciiAXCK,  Garret  C.  R.C.  182S,  N.B.S.  1832,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1832 ;  Walpcck 
1833-4,  Clover  Ili'd,  18o5-o7,  Pompton  Plains,  1837-53,  w.  c. 

Schenck,  Geo.,  b.  at  Matleawan,  181G,  Y.C.  1837,  N.B.S.  1840,  1.  CI.  Pough- 

keepsie,  1840  ;  Bedminster,  1840-52,  d. 

He  was  a  humble,  fervent  Christian,  marked  with  more  than  an  ordi- 
nary degree  of  spirituality,  yet  of  a  lively'  disposition,  of  a  ready  wit,  and  a 
foe  to  sanctimoniousness.  lie  was  a  man  of  unbending  integrity,  and  sti'ict- 
ly  conscientious  in  all  his  sentiments.  He  possessed  great  activity  and  per- 
severance. His  small  and  diseased  frame  contained  as  brave  and  resolute  a 
spirit  as  ever  came  from  the  Almighty's  hand.  He  had  warm  sympathies, 
and  great  tenderness  of  feeling,  and  was  devoted  in  his  work.  He  spoke  the, 
whole  truth  with  faithfulness  and  pungency,  not  fearing  the  face  of  man. 
Yet  his  fidelity  was  unmixed  with  harshness.  The  love  of  souls  glowed 
in  his  heart,  and  the  law  of  kindness  was  on  his  lips.  "With  a  good  intellect 
and  habits  of  studj^,  his  public  services  were  instructive  and  interesting. — 
tSce  Funeral  Sermon,  ly  T.  W.  C. 

Schenck,  John  Y.  N.  R.C.  16C2,  N.B.S.  18G5  ;  Owasco  Outlet,  18G5-7, 
Pompton  Plains,  18G7— 

Schenck,  John  W.  R.C.  1845,  N.B.S.  1840,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1849  ;  Tarrytown, 
1849-51,  Chatham,  1851-3,  Bedford,  now  East-Brooklyn,  1853-5,  Ith- 
aca, 1855-63,  New-Brunswick,  1863-G,  Philadelphia  3d,  1800-8,  (Potts- 
ville,  Pa.,  Presbyt.)  1868— 

Schenck,  Martin  L.  R.C.  1837,  N.B.S.  1840,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1840;  Platte- 
kill,  1840-53,  Fort  Plain,  1853-7,  Rocky  Hill,  1857-65,  AVhitehall,  1865- 


196  THE    MINISTRY. 

Schenck,   Wm.     C.N.J.  17C7,  lie.  by  Presbyt,  of  New-Brunswick,  1770, 
(Allentown,  N.J.  Presbyt.  1771-78,)  R.D.C. 

Schermerhorn,   Cornelius  D.  b.  in  Schoharie,  U.C.  1798,  studied  under  Liv- 
ingston, lie.  1803,  Schoharie  Kill,  1802-30,  died. 

Schermerhorn,  H.  R.  N.B.S.  18G2,  1.  CI.  Albanj-,  1862  ;  Germantown,  1862 
-5,  Principal  of  Riverside  Seni.,  at  Germantown,  18G5 — • 

Schermerhorn,  John  F.     U.C.  1809,  from  Cong.  Ch.   1813,  Middleburgh, 
1817-27,  Sec.  of  Missions,  1828-32. 

[Schertlein,  Jacob  F.     Lehigh  Co.  Pa.,  173  .  .-10.] 

Schiebe,  Henry,  student  in  N.B.S.  perished  at  sea,  in  burning  of  the  Aus- 
tria, 1858. 

[Schlatter,  Michael,  b.  at  St.  Gall,  Switzerland,  1716,  Gymnasium  of  St.  Gall; 
Sab.  evening  preacher,  at  Lintenbuehl,  1745-6,    agent  to  Ger.  Chs.  in 
Pennsylvania,  from  Synod  of  N.  and  S.  Holland,  1746  ;  Philadelphia  and 
Germantown,  1747-51  ;  visited  Holland,  1751-2  ;  Philadelphia,  1752-5  ; 
also  Sup.  of  Charity  School  Agency  ;  chaplain  in  Royal  Am.  Reg.  1757-9, 
supplied  Barren  Hill  and  Franklinville,  Pa.,  occasionally,  1759-77,  d.  1790.] 
He  was  descended  from  a  pious  parentage,  confirmed  in  his  fourteenth 
year,  and  placed  under  the  instruction  of  Prof.  Waegelin,  in  his  native  town. 
But  a  roving  spirit  soon  manifested  itself,  leading  him  to  forsake  his  home 
without  consultation  with,  or  consent  of,   his  parents.      He  went  to  Hol- 
land.   In  the  course  of  the  year,  he  returned,  and  resumed  his  studies,  and 
was  accepted  as  a  candidate  for  the  ministry,  when  only  fourteen  3'ear3  of 
age.     He  spent  most  of  the  next  fifteen  years  of  his  life  in  Holland,  being 
ordained  in  that  country,  and  engaged,  much  of  the  time,  in  teaching.      In 

1746,  he  offered  himself  to  the  Synod  of  North  and  South  Holland,  as  a 
missionary  and  agent  to  the  destitute  German  churches  in  Pennsylvania. 
His  mission  was  to  organize  the  alreadj^  existing  congregations  into  church- 
es, and  to  unite  them  more  closely  together,  for  mutual  encouragement  and 
support,  as  well  as  defense  against  unauthorized  preachers ;  and.  to  estab- 
lish formal  and  authorized  correspondence  with  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam. 
He  found  the  German  churches,  about  46  in  number,  comparatively  inde- 
pendent. There  were  here  at  the  time  of  his  arrival  about  30,000  German 
Reformed.  He  came  with  authority  from  the  mother  church,  to  organize 
and  consolidate  the  Reformed  churches  of  America,  as  they  M'ere  found 
among  the  Germans.  Much  of  his  time  was  taken  up  by  his  long  tours  into 
the  interior.  He  visited  the  various  settlements,  in  New-Jerse}^  Pennsyl- 
vania, Maryland,  and  Virginia.  In  October,  1746,  he  invited  the  regularly 
ordained  ministers,  namely,  Dorstius,  Boehm,  AVeiss,  andRciger,  to  meet  in 
aCoetus,  or  Synod.  Preparatory  steps  were  taken  for  organization.   In  May, 

1747,  he  visited  New-York,  to  consult  wnth  Domines  Du  Bois,  Boel,  and 
Piitzema,  respecting  the  organization  of  a  German  Synod.  This  Synod,  or 
Coetus,  was  organized  Sept.  29th,  1747,  and  consisted  of  thirty-one  minis- 


TIIK    MIXISTIIY.  197 

tcrs  and  ciders.  The  Dutch  Coctiis  in  New-York  had  been  organized  on 
Sept.  Slh,  of  the  same  3-car,  with  about  half  as  man}-.  In  1749,  Mr.  Steincr, 
a  man  of  popular  gifts,  arrived,  and  some  of  the  people,  captivated  by  liim, 
wished  his  services  in  place  of  those  of  Mr.  Schlatter.  A  sad  contention 
arose  with  many  bitter  fruits.  The  case  was  submitted  to  arbitration,  and 
decided  in  Hivor  of  Mr.  Schlatter.  Yet  the  wounds  remained,  and  these  dif- 
ficulties were  ultimately  the  occasion  of  a  visit  to  Europe,  byifr.  Sclilatter, 
from  which  increased  good  came  to  the  German  churches.  This  visit  to 
Europe  took  place  in  1751-2.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  in  session  on 
his  arrival,  appointed  a  committee  to  confer  with  him,  and  to  report.  A 
lengthy  report  of  the  condition  of  the  American  churches  was  drawn  up, 
and  presented  to  the  Synod  of  N.  and  S.  Holland,  in  print.  He  also  made  a 
verbal  appeal.  The  Synod  was  highly  interested  in  the  work,  and  furnish- 
ed him  with  means  to  visit  Ciermany  and  Switzerland,  especially  to  seek  to 
secure  ministers  to  return  to  America  with  him.  He  found  six  ministers 
willing  to  accompany  him,  namely,  Otterbein,  Stoy,  "Waldschmid,  Franken- 
feld,  Rubel,  and  Wissler,  and  collected  some  means,  and  seven  hundred  Ger- 
man Bibles,  five  hundred  of  them  being  in  folio.  But  the  work  did  not  end 
here.  Appeals  were  further  made  bj'^  those  who  had  been  interested  in  the 
cause  of  the  American  Reformed  churches,  of  German  origin,  and  a  fund  of 
£12,000  was  soon  collected  m  Holland,  the  interest  of  which  was  devoted 
to  the  support  of  ministers  and  schoolmasters  in  Pennsylvania;  and  so  inter- 
ested became  George  IL,  of  England,  in  the  matter,  that  through  his  help 
and  influence  £20,000  were  raised  there,  for  the  maintenance  of  free  schools, 
among  the  Germans  in  America,  to  be  under  the  inspection  of  Mr.  Schlatter. 
He  held  this  position  till  1757.  For  thirty-six  3-ears,  the  Reformed  in  Penn- 
sylvania and  vicinity  continued  to  receive  help  from  this  fund,  though  in 
gradually  decreasing  amounts,  till  1791.  The  highest  amount  sent  over 
was  about  $2100,  of  our  currency,  in  1755.  The  moneys  in  England  were 
obtained  through  the  solicitations  of  Rev.  Mr.  Thompson,  English  minister 
in  Amsterdam,  and  a  member  of  that  Classis.  The  Holland  funds,  in  part 
at  least,  went  through  the  London  Societ\'.  As  far  as  they  were  for  the 
support  of  the  Gospel,  they  were  distributed  through  the  Coetus  ;  as  far  as 
for  the  maintenance  of  free  schools,  they  went  through  the  trustees  appoint, 
ed  for  that  purpose. 

"When  Mr.  Schlatter  returned  to  America,  his  general  superintendency  of 
the  churches  was  continued  by  the  Synod  of  Holland,  while  he  also  again 
took  charge  of  his  old  congregation  in  Philadelphia.  But  a  spirit  of  jealousy 
was  excited  against  him,  on  account  of  his  powers.  The  enemies  of  the 
Free  School  scheme,  also,  did  their  utmost  against  him.  Saur's  newspaper 
was  especially  vehement.  The  Coetus  therefore,  unjustly  no  doubt,  re- 
moved him  from  his  general  superintendency  in  1757.  He  then  accepted  of 
a  chaplaincy  in  the  Royal  American  Regiment,  which  was  about  to  proceed 
to  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  present  at  the  sieges  of  Halifax  and  Louisburg, 
which  gave  the  death-blow  to  the  dominion  of  the  French  in  that  part  of 


198  THE    MINISTRY. 

America.  "  There,"  says  Bancroft,  "  were  the  chaplains,  who  preached  to 
the  re"-iments  of  citizen-soldiers,  a  renewal  of  the  dsLjs  when  Moses,  with 
the  rod  of  God  in  his  hand,  sent  Joshua  against  Amalek." — Hist.  U.  S.  iv. 
300. 

After  his  return  home,  he  supported  himself  partly  from  his  labors  on  a 
small  farm  on  Chestnut  Hill,  named  by  him  Sweetland,  and  partly  from  the 
perquisites  of  wedding  fees,  he  almost  monopolizing  that  business.  lie 
also  preached  at  Barren  Hill  and  Franklinville  more  or  less  frequently.  He 
was  driven  into  this  retirement  by  the  jealousy  and  opposition  waged  against 
him.  The  active  usefulness  of  his  life  was  compressed  into  the  brief  space 
of  thirteen  years.  His  earnest  labors  had  only  excited  the  ignorance  and 
prejudice  of  those  whom  he  would  have  benefited.  The  free  schools,  which 
he  advocated,  his  enemies  declared  were  meant  for  the  enslavement  of  the 
Germans  to  the  English.  The  people  ignorantly  believed,  and  lost  the  ser- 
vices of  a  most  useful  man.  How  similarly  have  the  friends  of  intelligence 
and  humanity  been  often  served  ! 

Shortly  after  the  opening  of  the  Revolution,  he  felt  impelled  to  take  the 
side  of  freedom.  He  had  up  to  this  time  retained  his  chaplaincy  in  the  Brit- 
ish army,  and  when  now  ordered  for  service,  he  declined,  he  was  impri- 
soned and  his  effects  destroyed.  He  was,  however,  by  some  means  soon  re- 
leased. He  lived  in  his  declining  years  near  his  former  home  on  Chestnut 
Hill.  He  was  the  intimate  friend  of  Dr.  Muhlenberg,  the  patriarch  of  the 
Lutheran  Church  for  fort}'-  years. 

Mr.  Schlatter  was  possessed  of  great  physical  health  and  mental  vigor. 
He  had  also  a  cheerful  disposition.  In  his  old  age  his  appearance  was 
very  venerable.  He  was  of  lymphatic  temperament  and  mild  appearance ; 
of  medium  size  and  weight.  His  hair  was  bushj^,  and  as  white  as  snow, 
nicely  parted,  hanging  down  to  his  shoulders.  He  was  always  careful  to 
present  a  genteel  appearance.  He  entered  with  sympathetic  joy  into  the 
cheerful  spirit  of  the  young.  He  was  remarkably  easy  and  friendly  in  his 
manners,  and  full  of  vivacity.  He  excelled  in  pure,  innocent  humor  and 
wit.  He  was  of  a  catholic  spirit  in  reference  to  others,  ever  keeping  him- 
self well  informed  of  the  general  movements  in  the  world,  political  and  re- 
ligious. He  was  ever  deeply  interested  in  the  civil  affairs  of  his  adopted 
country.  He  had  not  the  least  particle  of  bigotry  or  sectarianisn.  He  had 
the  tact  of  organization  in  an  eminent  degree.  His  preaching  was  solid  and 
instructive,  though  not  eloquent  or  fascinating.  His  perseverance  and  in- 
dustry were  untiring. — See  Sclilatter'' s  interesting  Life,  hy  Earlaug\  Phila- 
delphia^ 1857. 

ScHLEiDEB,  Fred.  E.     R.C.  18G2,  N.B.S.  18G5,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1805. 

Schneeweiss,  Franz  M.     N.B.S.  1855,    1.  CI.  N.B.  1855  ;  New-Brunswick 
3d,  1855-8,  w.  c. 

SciiNELLENDRUESSLER,  H.  F.  F.    Coll.  Gymnasium  of  Gumbinnen,  East-Prus- 
sia ;  N.B.S.  1855,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1855  ;  Albany  4th,  1855-04,  Chaplain  IGth 


THE  Misisrr.Y.  199 

* 
Rog.  Ilc.ivy  Artillciy,  U.  S.  V.  1SG4-5,  Thuinansville,  (Callicooii,)  ISGU 
-8,  Callicoon  and  Milcsville,  1808 — 

[Schncidor, West,  N.  Carolina,  1780.] 

[Schncydcr,  (Joo.  W.  applied  for  licensure  to  Cien.  meeting  of  Miiis.  and 

Elds,  but  was  refused.      Licensed  and  ordained  by  Gcr.  Coetus,   1785  ; 

Schoharie,  1785-8,  Frederick,  Md.  1788-9..] 
[Schnorr,  Ca.'sper  Ludwig.      Lancaster,    Pa.,    1744— fi,    Germantown,    N.Y. 

1740-9  (?)] 

SchocfTer,  J.  D.  Camp  178. .  -98  (?)  Schoharie,  1798  (?)  -1819.] 
Schoonmaker,  Ilenricus,  b.  in  Rochester,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1739,  (son-in- 
law  of  J.  H.  Goetschius,)  studied  under  Goetschius,  lie.  b}'  the  American 
Classis,  1763;  Poughkeepsie  and  Fishkill,  1763-74,  Aquackanonck,  1774 
-99,  Belleville  (S.S.)  1784-94,  Aquackanonck  and  Totowa,  1799-1816, 
died  1820. 

lie  gave  early  indications  of  piety,  under  the  short  pastorate  of  Ilenricus 
Frelinghuysen,  at  Marbletown.  lie  was  a  warm  friend  of  the  Coetus. 
"When  called  to  Fishkill  and  Poughkeepsie,  he  was  strongly  opposed  by  the 
Conferentie  party,  so  much  indeed  that,  when  the  Coetus  ministers  assem- 
bled to  ordain  him,  in  Poughkeepsie,  they  found  the  church  in  the  posses- 
sion of  his  enemies,  and  barred  against  them.  The  committee,  determined 
not  to  be  frustrated,  had  a  wagon  placed  under  a  large  tree  in  front  of  the 
church,  and  the  ordination  sermon  was  preached  thence,  by  John  IL 
Goetschius  of  New-Paltz  and  Shawangunk,  and  on  bended  knees,  in  the 
wagon,  the  candidate  received  the  lajnng  on  of  hands.  A  young  man, 
John  II.  Livingston,  by  name,  was  present,  and  deeply  interested  in  the  whole 
scene,  and  said  to  one  of  the  elders,  at  its  conclusion,  "  Thank  God, 
though  the  opponents  have  succeeded  in  excluding  him  from  the  church, 
they  have  not  succeeded  in  preventing  his  ordination."  Mr.  S.  was  greatly 
admired  for  his  ardent  piety  and  faithful  ministerial  labors.  He  was  in  his 
time  the  most  eloquent  and  impressive  speaker  in  the  Dutch  language  in 
this  country.  Though  meeting  with  much  opposition  from  the  Conferentie, 
his  ministry  was  greatly  blessed.  He  was  contemporar}',  in  his  first  field, 
though  of  opposite  ecclesiastical  sentiments,  with  the  learned  and  polished 
Rysdyck.  After  the  death  of  Professor  Meyer,  of  Pompton  and  Paterson,  he 
was  called  to  succeed  him  at  the  latter  church,  in  conjunction  with 
Aquackanonck.  lie  could  not  preach  well  in  English,  and  as  the  use  of  the 
Dutch  language  was  declining  in  his  first  chai'ges,  and  he  was  unwilling  to 
injure  his  usefulness  by  awkward  attempts  at  English  preaching,  he  ac- 
cepted the  call  to  New-Jersey,  where  the  Dutch  was  j-et  in  use.  He  re- 
sembled the  celebrated  Professor  Romeyn,  being,  like  him,  a  Boanerges.. 
His  style  was  nervous,  eloquent,  and  powerful.  lie  was  the  last  but  one,, 
of  the  early  ministers,  who  continued  to  minister  only  in  Dutch,  till  the  eud. 
of  their  lives.  A  warm  friendship  existed  between  him,  and  Dr.  Livingyton,.^ 
and  he  was  one  of  the  efficient  organizers  in  the  formative  period  oX  th©, 
church. — See  Eiji's  Wist.  Dis. 


200  THE    MINISTRY. 

Schoonmaker,  Jacob,  b.  at  Aquackanonck,  N.J.  1777,  (s.  of  Ilenricus  Schoon- 
maker,)  CO.  1799,  studied  under  Froeligh  and  Livingston,  lie.  1801  ;  Ja- 
maicr  and  Newtown,  1802-49,  Jamaica,  1849-50,  d.  1852. 

Schoonmaker,  Martinus,  b.  at  Rochester,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.  1737,  read  the 
classics  under  Goetscbius,  1753-6,  studied  theology  under  Marin  us,  lie. 
1765 ;    Gravesend    and   Harlem,    1765-83,    Flatbush,   Brooklyn,    New- 
Utrecht,  Flatlands,  Bushwick,  and  Gravesend,  1783-1824,  d. 
He  married  Mary  Bassett,  at  Aquackanonck,  in  1761.    He  was  an  ardent 
whig  in  the  Revolution.  On  his  word  and  statement  to  the  Congress  in  ses- 
sion at  Harlem,   a  suspected  tory  was  liberated  from  arrest.      He  fixed  his 
residence  at  Flatbush,  when  he  took  the  charge  of  the  churches  in   Kings 
county.     His  labors  for  his  Master  were  very  arduous,  but  he  never  fainted 
in  the  work.     Few  men  have  gone  to  the  grave  with  a  character  more  un- 
blemished, or  who  have  been  more  universally  respected  and  beloved.     It 
is  said  he  never  had  an  enemy.      He  was  of  reserved  and  retired  habits, 
made  more  so  from  his  unwiUingness  to  converse  in  English,  lest  he  should 
violate  the  rules  of  grammar.     He  preached  only  in  Dutch.     In  this  lan- 
guage he  was  fluent  and  ready,  and  by  his  manners  and  gestures  displayed 
all  the  dignity  suited  to  his  oflBce.     Courteous  and  polite,  he  was  a  relic  of 
the  old  school  of  Dutch  Domines.     In  his  eightieth  year,  he  said  he  could 
not  complain  of  a  single  bodily  infirmitj' — even  his  sight  and  hearing  being 
perfect. — H.  Onderdoiik. 

Schoonmaker,  Martin  V.  U.C.  1839,  N.B.S.  1842,  lie.  by  S.C.  L.I.  1842, 
East  New-York,  1842-9,  Walden,  1849— 

Schoonmaker,  Richard  L.  (s.  of  Jacob  Schoonmaker,)  R.C.  1829,  N.B.S. 
1832.  1.  CI.  L.L  1832 ;  Waterford,  1832-6,  Harlem,  1837-47,  North- 
Hempstead,  1847-52,  Waterford,  1852-6,  Amity,  1856-61,  Rotterdam  2d, 
1861— 

Schroedek,  a.,  from  G.R.  Ch. ;  Hackensack,  Ger.  1864 — 

Schroepfer,  Ernest,  1.  CI.  Westchester,  1851,  Melrose,  Ger.  1855-61 ;  1864, 
Lutheran  Ch. 

Schultz,  Jacob  L,   b.  at  Rhinebeck,  1792,  U.C.  1813,  N.B.S.  1816,  1.  CI. 

N.B.  1816  ;  Rockaway  and  Lebanon,  1816-34,  Middlebush,  1834-8,  w.  c. 

1888-52,  d. 

His  mind,  considered  intellectually,  was  of  a  high  order.  The  dignity 
of  conscious  power  beamed  from  his  eye,  and  discovered  itself  in  all  the 
duties  which  he  was  called  to  perform,  drawing  forth  respect  for  his  mental 
ability  from  all  who  sat  under  his  ministry.  His  application  to  study  was 
industrious,  his  mind  being  as  well  furnished  as  it  was  naturally  strong. 
Clear  and  at  home  on  all  subjects,  he  was  at  once  the  well-trained  theolo- 
gian and  the  pleasant  and  instructive  companion.  He  magnified  his  office, 
and  was  ever  ready  to  minister  in  it.  With  the  writings  of  the  divines  of 
the  last  age  he  was  intimately  acquainted  ;   for  these  authors  he  evinced  the 


THE    MINISTRY.  201 

strongest  partiality,  and  a  few  moments'  conversation  witli  Iiiin  was  suf- 
ficient to  disclose  a  mind  highly  cultivated  in  all  the  learning  of  the  past. 
His  diary,  of  ten  folio  volumes,  is  in  itself  an  abundant  proof  of  his  industry, 
while  it  alTords  a  very  instructive  lesson  of  the  fervency  of  spirit,  and  love 
of  souls,  which  he  cultivated  in  the  service  of  the  church. 

Devout  almost  to  a  fault,  and  rigid  almost  to  asceticism,  he  was  j-et  evan- 
gelical in  his  faith,  and  humble  in  his  hope.  He  was  arduously  faithful  in 
his  ministerial  and  pastoral  labors,  highly  evangelical,  and  eminently  use- 
ful, especiall}'  in  his  first  charges.  Tn  his  second  charge,  a  mental  malady 
showed  itself,  which,  tliough  not  unfitting  him  for  some  employments,  dis- 
qualified him  from  ministerial  labors.  An  organic  disease  was  increased  by 
sedentary  habits,  and  his  mind  became  the  prey  of  melancholy  and  gloomy 
forebodings.  But  while  he  suffered  great  anxiety  about  his  spiritual  state, 
it  never  induced  him  to  relax  his  vigilance,  to  restrain  prayer,  or  feel  aught 
but  the  strongest  attachment  to  the  duties  of  religion.  In  prayer  he  was 
fervent  and  importunate ;  indeed,  praj'er  was  his  necessity  and  delight. 
During  his  last  year,  he  suffered  great  bodily  afflictions,  but  these  were 
borne  with  patience  and  resignation.  His  end  was  trustful,  though  not 
triumphant. — /.  ^-1.  V.  I). 

Schultz,  John  Newton,     E.G.  1839,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1842  ;  Vander- 
veer,  1843-5,  Battle  Creek,  lS55-7.—Pres7)i/t. 

Schuneman,  Johannes,  b.  at  East-Camp,  1710,  studied  under  Goetschius,  1. 

01.  Amsterdam,  1753  ;  Catskill  and  Coxsackie,  1753-94,  d.     Also  at  Sha- 

wangunk  and  New-Paltz,  1753—4. 

In  early  life  he  had  deep  religious  impressions,  and  a  desire  to  enter  the 
ministry.  He  was  called  to  the  congregations  to  which  he  ministered  all 
his  life,  on  Nov.  12th,  1751,  on  condition  that  he  would  go  to  Holland  to  re- 
ceive his  licensure  and  ordination,  although  Coetus  was  already  organized. 
He  returned  and  entered  on  his  duties  in  August,  1753,  preaching  his  first 
sermon  from  Is.  40 :  6-8.  He  was  a  short,  corpulent  man,  and  had  a  pow- 
erful voice.  He  preached  on  the  Sabbath  before  his  death  from  the  text, 
"  It  is  finished."  He  was  not  permitted  to  see  much  fruit  of  his  labors,  but 
his  memory  was  long  cherished  with  much  affection.  His  life  was  exem- 
plary, and  he  preached  with  great  plainness,  simplipity,  and  earnestness. — 
Hist.  Ser.  by  Hev.  0.  E.  Livingston. 

Schureman,  John,  b.  in  New-Brunswick,  1778,  Q.C.  1795,  studied  under 
Livingston,  lie.  1801 ;  Bedminster,  1801-7,  Hillsborough,  1807-9,  New- 
York,  1809-11,  Vice-Pres.  of  Rutgers  Coll.  1811-13,  New-Brunswick, 
1813,  Prof.  Moral  Phil,  and  Bel.  Let.  in  Rutgers  Coll.  1811-18,  Prof. 
Ecc.  Hist,  in  N.B.  Sem.  1815-18,  d. 
He  was  one  of  the  worthies  of  our  church — a  man  greatly  beloved  and 

confided  in.    He  had  nothing  very  remarkable  in  his  appearance  or  manner. 

A  stranger  on  meeting  or  passing  him  would  probably  have  thought  or 

said,  "There  goes  a  sensible,  kind-hearted,  unpretending,  humble  man." 


202  THE    MINISTRY. 

His  constitution  of  body  was  rather  frail  from  his  childhood,  and  needed 
care  on  his  own  part,  and  indulgence  on  tlie  part  of  those  to  whom  he 
ministered,  to  keep  him  at  all  in  a  proper  condition  for  the  pastoral  work, 
"When  called  to  New-York,  he  sustained  his  reputation,  and  competed  suc- 
cessfully with  some  of  the  most  popular  city  ministers.  He  could  not 
preach  any  thing  but  a  solid,  judicious  discourse,  logically  arranged,  and 
therefore  lucid  in  every  part,  and  symmetrical.  In  his  style  he  was  not 
strong  or  sparkling,  but  simple,  clear,  neat,  direct.  In  manner  not  rapid, 
or  fervid,  or  impassioned,  but  very  distinct  in  his  enunciation,  just  in 
emphasis,  affectionate  in  tone,  with  not  much,  but  proper  and  rather 
graceful  gesticulation,  altogether  making  the  impression  of  a  man  that  felt 
in  his  own  soul  the  power  of  the  truth,  and  was  desirous  that  his  hearers 
should  be  profited  by  his  ministrations.  His  course  was  a  short  one,  though 
useful,  while,  and  as  long  as,  it  lasted.  It  was  a  melancholy  day  when  the 
tidings  came  that  Dr.  S.  was  no  more,  and  it  was  another  melancholy 
day  when  those  who  loved  him,  (and  they  were  many,)  assembled  to 
commit  his  remains  to  their  long  resting-place.  Even  the  tolling  bell  was 
mute  in  mercy  to  the  stricken,  bereaved  widow.  The  characteristics  of  the 
man,  on  only  a  short  acquaintance,  were  amiability,  solidity,  and  Christian 
discretion.  These  qualities  showed  themselves  everywhere  and  at  all  ti  mes, 
in  his  family,  among  his  pupils,  and  his  people,  when  he  had  a  pastoral 
charge,  and  in  all  his  intercourse.  If  Dr.  Schureman  had  shown  himself 
harsh,  selfish,  frivolous,  rash,  every  one  that  knew  him  would  have  been 
astonished  with  great  astonishment.  Such  manifestations  would  have  been 
thought  foreign  to  the  man.  People  would  almost  have  thought  that  there 
was  something  like  a  temporary  metempsychosis  in  the  case.  It  is  now 
nearly,  if  not  quite,  half  a  century  since  he  passed  away  from  among  us, 
but  we  who  survive  him  among  his  pupils  still  think  of  him  with  a 
mournfid  pleasure,  and  make  powerful  draughts  upon  memory,  that  we 
may  recall  all  that  is  possible  of  such  a  man  and  such  an  instructor. —  G.  L. 

Schu3'ler,  Johannes.  Schoharie,  1736-55,  Ilackensack  (2d)  and  Schraa- 
lenburgh  (2d),  1755-66,  Beaverdam  and  Schoharie,  1760-79,  d. 
He  was  ordained  by  Erickzon  and  Haeghoort,  by  special  permission  of 
the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  This  permission  was,  perhaps,  the  immediate 
cause  of  the  effort  to  secure  a  Coetus  in  the  following  year.  Yet  he  be- 
came one  of  the  conservative  members  of  the  Coetus,  and  after  1751  did 
not  attend  the  meetings.  His  interest  was  growing  cold,  and  in  1755  the 
anti-Coetus  party  of  Curtenius  at  Hackensack  called  him  to  take  the  pecu- 
liar position  of  both  colleague  and  opponent  of  Goetschius.  He  was  cen- 
sured by  the  Coetus  for  accepting  this  call  without  their  consent  and 
against  their  will.  He  thenceforth  consorted  with  the  Conferentie.  The 
Col.  Hist.  viii.  551,  calls  him  the  Presbyterian  minister  at  Schoharie.  He 
seems  to  have  continued  at  Hackensack  ten  3-ears,  and  not  three  years 
only,  as  has  been  supposed. — if.  G.  S.  i.  pp.  cxiii.  cxxii. 

Schwcdes,  Franz  R.     N.B.S.  1855,  New- York,  Ger.  1855,  deposed. 


THE    MINISTRY.  -03 

Scmvii.K,  Vr.F.     1.  CI.  Schenectady,  1855,  Schenectady,  1850-08.  w.  c. 

[Schwope,  Benedict,  near  Balthnore,  1771. J 

[Schwuni,  ....,  Western  North-Carolina,  178..] 

Scott,  Cms.    R.C.  1844,  N.B.S.  1851,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1851  ;  Shawangunk,  1851- 
G6,  Prof,  in  Hope  Coll.  1800— 

Scott,  James,  b.  in  Scotland,  1800,  Universities  of  Glasp;o\\' and  Belfast;  c. 

to  America,  1832,  1.  Presbyt.  New-York,  1834  ;  (German  Valley  and  Fox 

Hill,  Presbyt.,)  1834-43,  Newark  1st,  1843-5S,  d. 

His  mind  was  one  fitted  to  impress  and  attract.  The  predominance  of 
the  imaginative  faculties  rendered  his  discourses  very  attractive  and 
popular,  especially  to  the  young.  His  figures  and  illustrations  rolled 
forth  in  a  flood  of  pictures,  and  when  he  preached  on  special  occasions, 
crowds  attended  him. 

In  conversation  he  was  distinguished  for  a  happy  and  extraordinary 
combination  of  vivacity  and  charity.  He  was  always  courteous  and 
friendly  with  all  classes  of  persons.  His  life  was  one  of  eminent  useful- 
ness, lie  was  always  glad  to  be  employed  in  the  service  of  others,  and 
■was  thus  continually  engaged.  Calls  to  attend  at  sick-beds  and  funerals, 
to  advise  and  console,  were  always  attended  to  with  alacritj-,  and  his 
sympathizing  ministrations  were  of  the  most  acceptable  character.  He  was 
conspicuous  in  manj'  of  the  benevolent  and  public  enterprises  of  the  city 
in  which  he  lived.  He  executed  trusts  for  widows  and  orphans,  encouraged 
beginners  in  business,  corresponded  for  journals  at  home  and  abroad,  was 
sought  for  advice  in  matters  of  domestic  and  social  relations,  wrote  letters 
for  others,  and  attended  to  all  the  minute  details  of  social  intercourse. 
In  the  judicatories  of  the  church  he  was  always  ready  to  attend  to  any 
duties. 

He  gave  himself  devotedly  to  the  duties  of  his  pastoral  charge,  was  dili- 
gent in  visitation,  conversation  with  the  young,  and  individual  exertion. 
He  was  peculiarly  distinguished  for  his  social  sympathies.  He  loved  the 
human  mind  and  heart.  His  imagination  and  poetical  tastes  led  him  to 
an  enthusiastic  love  of  nature.  He  loved  to  hear  the  human  voice,  and  it 
was  the  sweetest  music  to  him,  and  when  uttered  in  tones  of  friendship 
and  love,  it  was  irresistible.  He  had  withal  a  prudent  reserve,  and  was 
only  intimate  and  confidential  with  his  family  and  the  friends  of  his  youth. 
He  understood  human  nature  well,  and  by  adapting  himself  to  it  was  able 
to  impres.s,  convince,  and  control.  He  also  followed  literary  pursuits.  He 
produced  a  life  of  Pollock,  which  has  added  to  his  reputation,  and  he  had 
recently  completed  and  prepared  for  the  press  an  epic  poem,  which  had 
occupied  much  of  his  attention  through  life,  and  for  the  publication  of 
which  he  left  directions. 

ScKiBNEK,  John  M.     U.C.  1833,  N.B.S.  1836,  1.  CI.  of  Ulster,  1830  ;  Scho- 
harie, 1830-9,  Walden,  1839-42,  Prin.  Female  Sem.  Auburn,  1842-4, 


204  THE   MIlSriSTRT. 

Prin.    Female   Sem.    Rochester,    1844-6,    supplied   Schoharie   Mt.    and 
North-Blenheim,  1847-8,  w.  c— 

ScL-DDER,  EzEKiEL  C.  (s.  of  John  Scuddcr.)  W.R.C.  1850,  N.B.S.  1855,  1. 
CI.  N.B.  1855  ;  voyage  to  India,  Oct.  1855,  March,  '56,  Chittoor,  1856-9, 
supplied  Palamanair,  1859-61,  Chittoor,  Jan.  1861-3,  Vellore,  1863-8, 
also  supplied  Kundipatoor,  1866-8,  Sakadu  and  Kattupadi,  1867-8; 
voyage  to  America,  March-Sept.  1868 :  in  America,  1868 — 

Scudder,  Henry  M.  (s.  of  John  Scudder.)  N.Y.U.  1840,  U.S.  1843,  sup- 
plied New-Rochelle,  1848,  voyage  to  India,  1844,  Madura,  184'4-6, 
Madras,  Vellore,  1846-57,  . . . .,  voyage  to  America,  Sept.  1857-Ap.  '58, 
voyage  to  India,  May-Dec.  1860,  visiting  Switzerland  on  the  way  ;  sup- 
plied Coonoor,  1860-4,  and  Ootacamund,  1864;  voyage  to  America, 
June-Oct.  1864  ;  Jersey  City  1st,  1865,  (San  Francisco,  Cal.  Presbyt.) 
1865— 

ScuDDEK,  Jared  W.  (s.  of  John  Scudder.)  W.R.C.  1850,  N.B.S.  1855,  1. 
CI.  N.B.  1855  ;  voyage  to  India,  Oct.  1855-March,  1856,  Arnee,  1856-9, 
voyage  to  England,  Dec.  1859-March,  1860,  voyage  to  America,  1860, 
voyage  to  India,  May-Sept.  1862,  Chittoor,  1862— 

Scudder,  John,  b.  at  Freehold,  Sept.  3,  1793,  C.N.J.  1811,  Coll.  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  1815,(1.  CI.  N.Y.  1819?)  voyage  to  India,  June- 
Oct.  ?  1819  ;  Pandeteripo,  Ceylon,  1819-39,  Madras,  1839-42,  voyage  to 
America,  Jan. -Aug.  1842,  in  America,  1842-1846,  voyage  to  India,  July 
-Nov.  1846,  Madura,  1846-8,  Madras,  1848-54,  voyage  to  Cape  of  Good 

Hope, 1854,  died  atWynberg,  South- Africa,  Jan.  13th,  1855. 

He  chose  the  medical  profession,  and  studied  with  Dr.  Samuel  Forman,  ot 
Freehold,  N.  J.  He  afterward  settled  in  New-York,  where  he  had  previously 
been  house-surgeon  of  the  City  Hospital.  He  had  united  with  the  old  Tennant 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Freehold,  Oct.  13th,  1810,  under  the  ministry  of  Rev. 
John  "Woodhull,  and  now  transferred  his  relations  to  Father  Bork's  church 
in  Franklin  St.  He  became  at  once  an  active  member,  laboring  assiduously 
in  various  ways  for  the  cause  of  Christ.  Long  was  his  earnestness  o  fspirit 
and  fidelity  to  his  Master  remembered  by  that  people.  He  was  prominent 
in  originating  prayer-meetings,  kindly  exhorting  in  private  intercourse,  and 
lending  his  influence  to  every  plan  of  doing  good.  While  here,  engaged  in 
his  profession,  the  claims  of  the  heathen  were  brought  vividly  before  his  mind 
in  a  peculiar  manner.  In  professional  attendance  on  a  lady,  while  in  the 
ante-room,  he  took  up  a  tract  whose  title  was,  "The  Conversion  of  the 
World,  or  the  Claims  of  Six  Hundred  Millions,  and  the  ability  and  duty  of 
the  churches  respecting'them."  This  ripened  convictions  often  felt  before, 
and  he  resolved  to  offer  his  services  to  the  American  Board,  and,  if  accepted, 
at  once  prepare  for  the  work.  He  had  at  this  time  an  extensive,  lucrative, 
and  increasing  practice.  He  was  ordained  in  June,  1819,  as  a  minister  of 
the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  on  board  of  the  ship  which  carried  him  to  India. 
After  his  connection  with  the  church,  he  joassed  through  a  spiritual  con- 


THE   MINISTRY.  205 

flict  of  no  ordinary  kiiul.  lie  was  most  severely  tried.  Satan  seemed  to 
have  been  let  loose  upon  him.  Faith  and  its  foundations  seemed  gone  for- 
ever. He  was  in  an  agony  to  believe,  but  could  not.  He  doubted  of  all 
things,  yea,  even  of  his  own  existence.  Hope  died  within  him,  and  despair 
spread  her  pall  over  him.  Every  star  went  out  in  his  sky.  Satan  and  his 
legions  assailed  him  on  every  side.  He  felt  the  flap  of  their  demon  wings, 
and  was  poisoned  by  their  blasphemous  breath,  norrid  thoughts  which 
could  never  be  uttered  by  mortal  man,  crowded  thick  and  fast  upon  him. 
His  heart  was  like  a  sepulchre  full  of  spectres.  The  terrors  of  hell  rolled 
like  quiokh"  succeeding  billows  over  him,  and  he  scarce  got  breath  between. 
For  many  months  he  ventured  not  to  the  communion-table.  Yet  in  the 
roar  and  darkness  of  that  fearful  tempest,  above  that  ocean  of  anguish,  there 
stood  an  unseen  form — the  Holy  One,  the  Crucified,  who  caused  that 
gasping  soul  in  all  its  blind  struggles  to  come  nearer  and  nearer  to  himself. 
He  had  once  seen  the  cross  ;  he  had  once  been  near  it,  and  experienced  its 
pardoning  and  sanctifying  power,  and  it  was  still  the  magnet  of  his  soul. 
He  kept  his  eyes  on  that  point  of  the  spiritual  horizon  where  he  had  seen  it 
fade  from  view,  and  he  never"turncd  them  elsewhere.  When  God  had  suffi- 
ciently shown  him  Satan's  power,  and  his  own  weakness;  when  he  had 
bruised,  and  broken,  and  humbled  him — then  again  he  flooded  his  skj^  with 
the  light  of  the  Sun  of  Eighteousness.  Satan  shrank  away.  Peace  spread 
out  her  wings  over  his  weary  heart,  and  the  foretaste  of  hell's  agonies  was 
changed  into  an  antepast  of  heaven.  "While  the  storm  raged,  God  fostened 
him  to  the  Rock  of  Ages,  as  he  had  never  been  fastened  to  it  before.  As 
the  surge  was  sweeping  hira  away  grace  guided  it  near  the  cross,  of  which 
he  had  lost  sight,  and  he  got  a  death-grip  of  it,  which  nothing  ever  after 
could  loosen.  He  came  out  of  those  conflicts  like  gold  out  of  tlie  fire.  He 
began  with  calm  joy  to  climb  the  delectable  mountains,  and,  from  that  time, 
he  dwelt  mostly  on  their  happy  summits.  These  trials  eminently  prepared 
him  to  encounter  the  difficulties  of  the  newly  developing  missionary  work. 
He  was  to  meet  none  so  great  as  those  he  had  already  overcome,  and  he 
was  thrust  forth  a  well  equipped  and  experienced  warrior,  to  carry  the 
battle  with  an  intrepid  spirit  into  the  heart  of  Satan's  territories — even 
to  the  grim,  frowning  walls  of  one  of  his  oldest  and  strongest  fortresses, 
Hindoostan.  God  thus  prepared  him,  and  then  he  called  him  to  the  mission 
field. 

Mr.  Newell  had  begun  a  mission  in  Ceylon  in  1812,  and  in  181G  five  new  mis 
sionaries  joined  him,  namely,  Meigs,  Richards,  Warren,  Bardwell,  and  Poor. 
But  in  two  years,  through  death  and  sickness  compelling  a  change  of  climate, 
Messrs.  Poor  and  Meigs  were  left  the  only  missionaries  on  the  island.  In 
June,  1819,  Messrs.  Winslow,  Spaulding,  Woodward,  and  Scudder  were  sent 
to  reenforce  them.  They  went  by  the  way  of  Calcutta,  and  were  at  their 
station  in  Feb.  1820.  In  1822,  the  plan  of  a  college  was  drawn  up,  and  soon 
put  in  successful  operation.  Early  in  1 82-1  a  general  revival  was  enjoyed,  the 
convictions  of  sin  and  the  need  of  salvation  appearing  as  deeply  as  ever  in  a 
Christian  land.  In  Dr.  Scudder's  field,  the  boys  of  the  school,  on  returning  to 


206  THE    MINISTRY. 

their  rooms,  could  not  sleep.  Between  thirty  and  forty  of  them  went  out 
into  the  garden,  where  they  were  heard  in  supplication,  weeping  and  asking, 
"What  shall  I  do  to  be  saved  ?"  and"Lord,  send  thy  Spirit!"  Ofthis  compa- 
ny, twenty  soon  gave  evidences  of  a  saving  change.  Similar  scenes  occurred  at 
the  other  stations.  The  success  of  the  Ceylon  mission  was  wonderful. 
{See  the  Cydoiied'm  of  Missions.)  In  1836  it  was  thought  advisable  to 
establish  a  printing-press  at  Madras,  to  issue  the  Scriptures  and  tracts  in 
the  Tamil  language.  To  accomplish  this,  a  mission  was  started  there 
under  the  care  of  Messrs.  "Winslow  and  Scudder.  The  latter  took  up  his 
residence  at  Chintadrepettah.  The  establishing  of  a  press  was  consummated 
under  unusually  favorable  circumstances,  a  large  printing  establishment, 
fully  equipped,  of  the  Church  Missionary  Society,  falling  into  their  posses- 
sion in  1838.  The  first  year  they  printed  6,000,000  of  pages  of  Scripture 
and  tracts,  increasing  the  number  in  subsequent  j'ears.  The  missionaries 
itinerated  far  into  the  interior,  scattering  the  truth,  and  several  regular 
preaching  stations  were  soon  established.  These  were  the  germs  of  the 
Arcot  Mission.     It  was  received  under  the  American  Board  in  1852. 

Dr.  Scudder's  physical  frame  was  strong,  tall,  and  well  proportioned.  In 
his  youth  he  was  thin  and  sinewj^  but  in  later  life  grew  stout  and  portly. 
He  had  a  firm,  sound  constitution,  but  latterly  much  shaken  and  shattered 
by  labors  and  exposures.  His  prominent  and  striking  features,  his  correct 
bearing  and  commanding  appearance,  certified  you  at  a  single  glance  that 
he  was  a  man. 

He  had  a  strong  mind.  It  chiefly  resembled  the  rugged,  outstanding 
mountain,  and  j'et  it  had  characteristics  which  reminded  you  likewise  ot 
the  gentle  stream,  flowing  sweetly  through  the  valley  below.  There  were 
great  natural  forces  in  his  intellect.  He  investigated  those  subjects  which 
lay  within  the  sphere  of  his  work.  On  them  he  concentrated  his  power, 
curing  little  for  such  as  lay  beyond.  He  was  a  vigorous,  able  thinker.  He 
thouglit  out  his  conclusions  in  straight  lines  of  his  own,  knowing  nothing 
of  circuitous  approaches.  Minor  positions  he  left  for  others,  himself  content 
to  seize  upon  each  important  citadel,  until  he  became  master  of  the  country. 
Whenever  he  took  part  in  a  discussion,  or  treated  a  subject,  all,  no  matter 
who  might  be  present,  were  constrained  to  feel  the  native  strength,  and 
acknowledge  the  majestic  stride  of  his  mind.  Many  excelled  him  in  length 
and  breadth  of  information,  and  in  acquaintance  with  the  writings  of  others, 
but  few  could  gainsay  or  withstand  his  plain,  straightforward  logic.  If  he 
moved  in  a  narrower  circle  than  others,  it  was  like  the  tread  of  a  giant 
athlete,  within  his  own  chosen  arena,  compared  with  the  gazing  children 
who  had  come  from  their  sports  over  a  wide  plain. 

He  had  decision  of  character.  His  outward  countenance  was  the  truthful 
index  of  the  inward  mental  structure.  There  was  nothing  facile  in  him. 
He  could  be  depended  upon  in  any  emergency.  Convicted  of  an  error, 
none  would  be  more  ready  than  he  to  confess  and  abandon  it;  but  when  he 
had  conscientiously  taken  up  his  ground,  earth  and  hell  could  not  move  him. 
He  climbed  up  the  hills  and  sought  for  light,  and  from  that  elevation  he  gazed 


THE    jriNISTKY.  207 

and  gazed,  till  ho  saw  the  path  of  duty  opening  out  before  him,  and  then, 
girding  his  loins,  descended  to  enter  it  without  hesitation,  whatever  it 
might  be.  IlindiTancos  were  not  heeded,  nor  conseipicnces  contemplated. 
Having  once  heard  the  word,  saying,  "This  is  the  way,  walk  you  in  it," 
his  soul  summoned  all  its  powers  into  one  glowing  response,  "I  will." 
His  thought  and  expression  were  of  a  peculiarly  decisive  cast  where  evil 
was  concerned. 

He  was  endowed  with  perseverance.  Whatever  he  undertook,  he  steadily 
pursued.  He  never  relaxed  his  hold  upon  an  o)>ject,  nor  retreated  from  a 
course  which  he  believed  to  be  right.  Days  and  months  and  years  might 
pass  over  him,  but  they  found  him  still  cleaving  to  his  purpose.  Harass- 
ing trials  might  encompass  him,  but  they  could  not  drive  him  from  his 
design. . . .  This  trait  was  forcibly  exhibited  in  his  unremitted  labors  as  a 
street-preacher.  Apathv,  ridicule,  scorn,  abuse,  blasphem}',  blows,  stonings, 
physical  languor,  the  natural  shrinking  of  the  spirit,  and  many  other  causes 
combined,  could  not  force  him  to  succumb  in  a  single  instance.  That  was 
his  Lord's  work,  and  must  be  accomplished  statedly  and  perseveringlv. 

He  was  cajiable  of  endurance,  and  willing  to  suffer.  He  seldom  spoke  of 
pain,  however  severe.  He  had  power  to  bear  it.  Fixedness  of  feature 
alone  revealed  it.  Pain  came  in  the  course  of  a  kind  Father's  providence 
and  was  therefore  to  be  borne  with  quietness.  Many  years  ago  a  cancer 
appeared  in  his  foot.  "Without  telling  even  his  wife  what  ho  was  about 
to  do,  he  shut  himself  up  in  a  room  with  a  servant,  and  dissected  out 
the  malignant  growth.  He  onl}'  just  made  out  to  get  through  with  it,  but 
he  did  it  without  flinching.  Christ's  sufferings  were  much  in  his  mind. 
He  was  pleased  to  suffer  for  Christ's  sake.  He  left  opening  prospects  of 
wealth  in  a  lucrative  practice  in  New-York,  and  went  where  his  constitu- 
tion was  racked  with  jungle  fever,  and  not  only  did  he  not  repine,  but 
expressed  his  satisfaction  with  his  course. 

He  was  both  stern  and  tender.  Wherever  principles  were  at  stake,  ho  was 
rigid  and  unyielding.  Men  of  unsettled  views  and  loose  practice  thou"-ht 
him  severe.  But  though  stern  in  matters  of  right  and  wrong,  he  had  a 
warm,  kind  heart,  possessing  deep  fountains  of  tenderness  and  overflowin'-- 
affection.  He  loved  with  the  full  energy  of  his  spirit.  Though  a  strict 
disciplinarian  in  his  family,  his  children,  if  they  wished  a  favor,  would 
often  seek  it  of  him,  even  sooner  than  of  a  fond  mother.  His  eyes,  from 
which  personal  suffering  could  extort  no  moisture,  often  ran  with  tears 
when  Jesus'  dying  love  was  the  theme  of  thought  and  conversation.  At 
sacramental  occasions  his  whole  soul  seemed  to  melt  away  at  the  loot  of 
the  cross.  He  was  courageous.  Hell  had  once  been  his  fear.  That  dread 
was  now  gone,  and  he  feared  nothing.  It  is  dangerous  for  a  missionary  to 
enter  the  great  temples  in  southern  India  during  their  festival  days.  They 
can  claim  no  protection  from  Government  there.  Nevertheless,  he  went  in 
one  and  became  involved  in  the  throng  which  fills,  on  such  occasions,  those 
vast  edifices.  He  could  not  find  the  way  out  again,  and  was  obli"-ed  to 
wait  till  midnight,  when  ho  followed  the  procession,  which  at  that  time  left 


208  THE    MINISTEY. 

the  temple.     Any  one  might  have  killed  him  there,  and  the  murderer  never 
have  been  known. 

On  one  of  his  tours,  an  immense  crowd  having  collected,  a  band  of  fierce 
Mussvilmans  demanded  books  of  the  handyman  who  was  employed  by  him 
to  transport  tracts,  and  when  refused,  one  of  them  advanced,  handling  a 
club,  with  which  he,  supported  by  his  angry  companions,  would  no  doubt 
have  killed  them  both.  With  admirable  self-possession  Dr.  S.  ran  up  to 
him,  and,  stroking  his  beard,  exclaimed,  "My  brother,  my  bi'other." 
This  token  of  oriental  obeisance  appeased  his  wrath,  and  quiet  was  restored. 
Yet  so  imminent  had  been  the  danger  that  the  saliva  in  his  mouth  dried 
up  instantlv,  leaving  it  parched  as  if  from  long  thirst. 

While  decided  in  his  own  views,  he  was  a  man  of  liberal  spirit.  He  had 
not  an  iota  of  bigotry  in  him.  He  refused  to  exalt  the  non-essentials  of 
religion  to  a  position  subversive  of  charity  and  fellowship.  He  was  entire- 
ly devoted  to  Christ.  Every  thing  was  subordinated  to  this,  was  literally 
swallowed  up  in  it.  Plis  eye  was  single.  All  the  strong  feelings  of  his 
strong  nature  were  concentrated  in  the  holy  passion  of  love  to  Christ.  He 
loved  the  Saviour,  profoundly'',  tenderly,  wholly.  His  was  no  half  conse- 
cration. Jesus  was  the  beginning,  the  middle,  and  the  end  of  his  life.  An 
hour  and  a  half  at  early  morn,  and  an  hour  at  night,  were  always  sacred  to 
reading  the  Bible,  meditation,  pra3^er,  and  praise.  At  these  times  he 
studied  the  Bible  in  connection  with  the  marginal  references.  At  noon  he 
read  the  Bible  regularly  in  course.  Every  Friday  till  mid-day  was  set 
apart  as  a  special  season  for  fasting  and  prayer.  Toward  the  latter  part  of 
his  life,  physical  necessities  compelled  him  to  eat  a  little.  His  heart  was 
indeed  a  shrine  from  which  a  cloud  of  incense  was  always  going  up. 
Prayer,  moreover,  was  no  task  to  him,  but  the  irrepressible  instinct  of  his 
new-born  nature.  He  told  one  of  his  sons  that  his  ambition  was  to  be  one 
of  the  inner  circle  around  Jesus  in  heaven.  For  years  he  had  no  doubt  of 
his  salvation.  Perfect  assurance,  like  a  river  of  God,  rolled  its  calm,  fertil- 
izing volume  along  the  course  of  every  thought  and  passion.  Sacred 
music,  vocal  or  instrumental,  and  often  extempore  hymns,  were  his  delight. 
He  read  but  few  books  besides  the  Bible.  The  Vicar  of  Wal-efield  was  the 
only  novel  he  ever  read.  He  laid  great  stress  on  meditation.  This  he  felt 
to  be  the  food  of  the  soul,  and  much  of  his  devotions  consisted  of  prayer- 
ful musings  upon  the  Divine  Word.  The  Bible  was  his  counsellor.  Man 
was  in  no  sense  his  teacher.  His  mind  was  not  constituted  to  bow  to  the 
opinions  of  men  ;  but  to  the  declarations  of  the  Bible  he  bowed  like  a  little 
child.  His  study  of  and  attachment  to  the  Bible  was  one  of  the  most  ob- 
servable traits  of  his  life.  When  about  to  go  forth  to  engage  in  some  duty, 
often  the  last  thing  he  did  was  to  open  the  Bible  and  catch  some  precious 
promise  or  stirring  exhortation  wherewith  to  gird  himself.  He  was  a 
happy  man. 

His  zeal  was  no  flickering  flame,  no  smoking  wick,  but  a  beam  from  the 
throne  of  God,  shining  through  him  upon  the  earth.  God's  work  was  al- 
ways revived  within  him.     He  never  unbuckled  his  armor,  nor  slept  at  his 


THE   MI>nSTRY.  209 

post.  JEsrs  was  his  wntchword.  lie  wrote  it  on  the  banner  which  he  car- 
ried high  before  him,  with  a  strong  arm.  Ills  diligent  labors  among  the 
children,  when  in  America  in  search  of  health,  that  he  might  impress  on  their 
hearts  the  need  of  the  world's  evangelization,  seemed  to  others  too  much 
for  his  strength.  A  gentleman  said  to  him,  that  he  should  consult  his  con- 
science lest  he  should  overwork  himself  He  replied,  he  had  "  quashed  con- 
science of  that  sort  long  ago." 

He  made  it  a  constant  practice  to  speak  to  every  one  in  whose  compan)' 
he  was  thrown  about  their  souls.  Be  he  coolie,  hawker,  servant,  stranger 
or  friend,  black  or  white,  child  or  adult,  rich  or  poor,  he  spake  to  all  of 
Jesus  and  the  great  salvation.  Even  those  who  were  on  their  guard  against 
him,  could  seldom  outwit  him,  or  foil  him  in  his  design.  An  English  lady, 
high  in  rank  and  influence,  called  on  him,  and  her  daughter,  having  heard  of 
Dr.  Scudder's  habits,  determined  not  to  see  him,  and  remained  in  the  car- 
riage ;  but  he  managed  with  politeness  and  kindness  to  have  a  brief  inter- 
view with  her  and  tell  the  way  of  life.  It  was  also  his  custom  to  have  one 
or  more  unconverted  persons  as  objects  of  special,  continued  prayer.  To 
such  persons  he  would  sometimes  write  earnestly  and  solemnly,  beseeching 
them  to  turn  to  the  Lord,  and  declaring  his  intention  to  pray  daily  for  them 
until  a  certain  season,  after  which  he  should  cease  from  such  particular  ef- 
fort. God  made  him  the  means  of  many  conversions.  His  tract  "  Knocking 
at  the  Door"  has  been  much  blessed. 

He  had  the  true  spirit  of  a  reformer.  "What  he  saw  to  be  wrong,  he 
Struck  at  with  no  uncertain  blow  ;  nothing  could  abash  or  intimidate  him. 
Derision,  threats,  and  the  et  cetera  of  opposition,  whether  individual  or  or- 
ganized, fell  like  snow-flakes  on  his  iron  armor.  When  he  came  to  India, 
missionaries  drank  wine.  He  drank  it  himself.  But  as  soon  as  the  trum- 
pet-clang of  teetotalism  smote  across  the  ocean  on  his  ears,  he  stopped, 
examined  the  subject,  decided  that  total  abstinence  was  the  only  rational 
and  righteous  course,  and  he  dashed  the  wine-cup  from  his  table  forever. 
He  encountered  a  determined  hostility,  but  he  wavered  not,  and  rested  not, 
till  he  established  teetotalism  in  his  mission.  "When  he  was  sent  with  an- 
other missionary  to  form  the  Madras  mission,  he  assailed  the  whole  com- 
munity with  his  teetotal  enginery.  He  was  immediately  made  the  object 
of  virulent  attacks  from  every  quarter.  Professing  Christians  and  world- 
lings joined  in  the  hue  and  cry  ;  a  caricature,  purporting  to  be  a  description 
of  his  death  and  funeral  obsequies,  appeared  in  one  of  the  English  news- 
papers. Some  persons  even  threatened  to  tar  and  feather  him,  and  ride  him 
on  a  rail.  Here  also  he  steadily  persevered.  In  a  journal  which  he  had 
established,  he  gave  his  adversaries  harder  knocks  than  they  had  bestowed 
on  him,  turned  the  tables  upon  them,  routed  them  from  their  refuges  of  lies, 
and  founded  a  flourishing  teetotal  society.  Again,  when  the  question  of 
caste  in  the  Christian  church  was  mooted,  he  studied  it  thoroughly,  and 
put  his  hand  vigorously  to  the  extirpation  of  caste,  root  and  branch.  He 
was  then  a  member  of  the  Madura  mission.  He  said  that  "  Caste  was  the 
mightiest  obstacle  to  the  progress  of  the  Gospel ;  that  it  was  a  monster  that 
14 


210  THE   MINISTRY. 

defied  description,  worse  than  idolatry  itself."  Led  by  him,  they  threw  off 
this  enemy  which  was  feeding  on  their  very  vitals,  and  from  that  day  the 
course  of  that  mission  has  been  upward  and  prosperous.  He  inquired  not 
if  there  were  many  or  few  on  his  side,  but  when  satisfied  of  the  right,  he 
marched  on,  as  though  the  world  were  with  him. 

He  was  never  disheartened.  When  asked  in  America,  "What  are  the 
discouragements  of  the  missionary  M'ork  ?"  he  answered,  "  I  do  not  know 
the  word.  I  long  ago  erased  it  from  my  vocabulary."  Nothing  could  cast  him 
down.  His  obedience  and  hopes,  being  based  on  the  command  and  promise 
of  the  Lord,  did  not  fluctuate  with  exterior  events.  Here  was  the  command, 
"  Preach  the  Gospel  to  every  creature."  Here  likewise  was  the  promise, 
"My  word  shall  not  return  unto  me  void."  These  furnished  him  with  im- 
movable foundations.  Upon  these  he  stood,  and  no  opposition,  however 
malignant  and  protracted,  no  exhibition  of  the  human  heart  however  appal- 
ling, no  obstacle  however  formidable,  no  reverses  however  heart-rending, 
could  dismay  him.  His  work  was  to  bear  the  precious  seed,  with  weeping 
and  prayer,  and  the  rest  was  the  Master's  work.  He  religiously  appropri- 
ated a  tenth  of  his  annual  income  for  the  Lord's  use. 

The  praise  of  men  never  entered  into  his  mind  as  a  motive  of  action.  Ob- 
loquy could  not  oppress  nor  applause  elate  him.  The  esteem  and  love  of 
men  were  not  desirable  to  him,  if  conditional  on  even  the  slightest  conces- 
sion of  principle  or  practice  on  his  part.  The  Saviour's  approval  was  his 
Aim.     Beyond  that  he  seemed  not  to  have  a  thought. 

Almost  every  large  town  in  the  south-eastern  part  of  Hindoostan  heard 
the  Gospel  from  his  lips.  His  tours  were  many  and  extensive.  He  once 
stood  eleven  consecutive  hours,  when  on  a  tour,  at  his  post.  He  did  not 
stop  even  to  eat,  but  had  coffee  brought  to  him.  It  was  his  habit  when  thus 
.standing  to  lean  on  his  left  arm,  and  it  was  supposed  by  his  medical  advis- 
ers that  this  was  the  cause  of  its  becoming  paralyzed.  AVhen  he  left  India 
to  visit  America,  it  hung  motionless  by  his  side.  He  recovered  its  use  on 
the  voyage.  After  he  had  become  unable  to  itinerate,  he  preached  twice 
daily,  in  Madras,  only  excepting  Friday  morning,  his  fast  day.  When  he 
heard  that  his  son  Samuel,  whom  he  expected  shortly  to  join  him,  was  dead, 
he  resolved  to  make  up  Samuel's  loss  by  extra  work,  especially  since  so  few 
missionaries  came  to  India.  This  excessive  labor  soon  brought  on  his  first 
serious  illness.  He  subsequently  preached  twice  daily,  but  his  failing 
strength  soon  compelled  him  to  lessen  his  labors,  and  ultimately  to  take  a 
.voyage  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  voyage  and  change  seemed  greatly 
to  benefit  him.  He  endeared  himself  to  the  colonists  there  by  frequent 
services.  He  had  taken  passage,  and  was  on  the  eve  of  embarking  again 
for  India,  when  he  was  suddenly  stricken  down  by  apoplexy  and  died. — Fx- 
tractsfrom  a  letter  of  H.  M.  S. 
ScuDDER,  John,  (s.  of  John  Scudder,)  R.C.  1857,  N.B.S.  1860,  1.  CI.  N.Y. 

I860-,  voyage  to  India,  March-June,  1861,  Chittoor,  1861-3,  Arcot,  1863, 

Palamanair,  1863-5,  Arcot,  1865 — 
-■Scudder,  Joseph,  (s.  of  John  Scudder,)  R.C.  1848,  N.B.S.  1851, 1.  CI.  N.Y. 

1851 ;  voyage  to  India,  1851-2,  Arcot,  1852-6,  Coonoor,   1856-9,  voy- 


THE  MINISTEY.  211 

age  to  England,  Dec.  ISoO-March,  18G0,  voyage  to  America,  ISGO,  chap- 
lain in  ami}',  18G1,  chaplain  at  Fort  Columbus,  1861-3,  Sec.  Am.  and 
For.  Ch.  Union,  18G3— 

Scuddcr,  Samuel  D.  (s.  of  J.  Scudder,)  Fv.C.  1847,  N.B.S.  d.  Nov.  14th,  1849. 

ScrDDEK,  Silas,  (a.  of  John  Scudder,)  R.C.  18G0;  voyage  to  India,  Fcb.- 
Maj-,  18G0;  went  as  a  physician;  1.  CI.  Arcot,  18G2;  Arncc,  18G2-3, 
Palamanair,  1863-5,  has  charge  of  the  Dispensary  in  Arcot,  18Co — 

ScvPnEU,  William  W.  (s.  of  J.  Scudder,)  C.N.J.  1841,  P.S.  1844, 1.  Presbyt. ; 
voyage  to  India,  Nov.  184G-Feb.  '47;  Batticotta,  Ceylon,  1847-51,  voj'- 
age  to  America,  1851,  to  India,  1852,  Arcot,  1852-G,  voyage  to  America, 
Dec.  1856-March,  '57,  voyage  back  to  India,  Dec.  1858- Ap.  '59,  Chittoor, 
1859-60,  Vellore,  1860-4,  has  charge  of  Arcot  Seminary,  18G4— 

Searle,  Jeremiah,  b.  at  Atkinson,  N.  H.  1795,  Bowdoin  and  U.C.  1821,  stud- 
ied under  Yates,  1.  by  Cong.  Assoc,  of  Vermont,  1823;  Rotterdam  1st  and 
2d,  1823-5,  Coxsackie,  1825-51,  Miss,  to  Keyport,  1851-3,  Fallsburgh, 
1S53-G1,  d. 

In  childhood  he  was  distinguished  for  a  joyous  and  benevolent  tempera- 
ment which  was  a  lifelong  characteristic.  During  his  college  course  he 
made  himself  useful  in  visiting  places  around  Schenectady,  and  while  study- 
ing theology,  he  had  constant  service  at  a  school-house  in  Rotterdam,  which 
resulted  in  a  revival  and  the  organization  of  a  church.  After  laboring  for 
a  quarter  of  a  century  at  Coxsackie,  he  left  that  field  on  account  of  perse- 
cution. At  Fallsburgh,  in  the  midst  of  a  very  heterogeneous  population,  his 
activity  and  diligence  were  rewarded  by  a  large  revival,  bringing  seventy 
persons  into  the  church.  He  was  a  man  of  open,  unsuspecting  geniality  of 
spirit.  Robust  in  body  and  cheerful  in  mind,  his  face  wore  an  habitual 
smile.  The  most  adverse  denominations  respected  and  loved  him.  As  a 
preacher,  he  was  a  man  of  diligent  study,  careful  preparation,  and  a  solemn, 
earnest  delivery.  His  sermons  contained  the  results  of  various  reading, 
much  reflection,  deep  Christian  experience,  and  no  small  knowledge  of 
human  nature. 

Seakle,  Jekemiah,  (s.  of  Jer.  Searle,)  R.C.  1855,  NJ5.S.  1858, 1.  CI.  Mon- 
mouth, 1858  ;  Bloomingburgh,  1858-62,  chap.  144th  Reg.  N.Y.S.Y.  1862- 
3,  Oyster  Bay,  18G3-6,  Syracuse,  18GC-8,  Albany  3d,  18G8, 

Seahle,  Saml-el  T.  (s.  of  Jer.  Searle,)  U.C.  1845,  N.B.S.  1848,  1.  CI.  of 
Greene,  1848;  Tiossiock,  1848-50,  Saratoga,  1850-57,  Leeds,  1857— 

Searle,  Stephex,  (s.  of  Jer.  Searle,)  U.C.  1850,  N.B.S.  1853,  1.  CI.  N.B. 
1853;  Mamakating,  1853-9,  Griggstown,  1859— 

Sears,  Jacob  C.  U.C.  1821,  N.B.S.  1824, 1.  CI.  N.B.  1824  ;  Miss,  to  Spring 
Garden,  Philadelphia,  1824,  Spring  Garden  1st,  (or  Philadelphia  2d, 
Eighth  St.)  1825-33,  Six  Mile  Run,  1833— 


212  TUE   MINISTRY. 

Seeking,  Arad  J.  R.C.  1859,  N.B.S.  1862,  1.  CI.  Geneva,  1862;  Mellen- 
ville,  1862— 

Seeking,  Elbekt  N.  R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  1865,  1.  CI.  Geneva,  1865 ;  Ghent 
2d,  1865— 

See,  Isaac  M.  R.C.  1849,  N.B.S.  1852,1.  CI.  N.Y.  1852;  Middleburgh, 
1852-4,  Mt.  Vernon,  1854-64,  Mt.  Pleasant,  50th  st.,  N.Y.C.  1864-7, 
Miss,  to  Palisades,  1868 — 

See,  John  L.  R.C.  1841,  N.B.S.  1844,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1844;  Kiskatom,  1847- 
50,  Unionville,  1850-53,  Unionville  and  Greenburgh,  1853-4,  Miss,  in 
Buffalo,  1854r-5,  Buffalo  1st,  1855-61,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  Education,  1861— 

See,  Wm.  G.  E.  N.B.S.  1853,  1.  CI.  KB.  1853 ;  North-Blenheim,  and  S.S. 
Breakabin,  and  Eminence,  1853-9,  Gilboa,  1859-61,  Amity,  1861-8,  Kis- 
katom, 1868 — 

Seeber,  Safrenus,  b.  at  Sharon,  N.Y.  1811,  R.C.  1843,  N.B.S.  1846,  1.  CI. 

Schoharie,  1846 ;  Centreville,  1846-9,  Mottville,  1849-51,  d. 

He  had  a  warm,  gushing  heart,  and  earnestly  desired  to  labor  for  Christ. 
But  he  began  his  studies  late  in  life,  and  his  powers  had  not  therefore  re- 
ceived that  early  discipline  by  which  he  could  learn  rapidly  or  easily,  yet 
he  never  flagged  in  his  exertions.  In  the  ministry  he  was  deeply  engaged 
in  his  Master's  work,  and  indefatigable  in  labor. 

Seieert,  Geo.  A.  R.C.  1862,  in  national  army  3  years,  N.B.S.  1866,  1.  CI. 
Bergen,  1866 ;  Middletown  Village,  1866— 

Seely,  Amos  W.  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1805,  U.C.  1828,  P.S.  1831;  Frankfort,  1831- 
5,  (Hillsdale,  N.Y.  Presbyt.  1835-40,)  Cicero,  1840-4,  (New-Haven,  N.Y. 
1844-6,)  supplied  Salisbury,  1846-55,  d.  1865. 

He  was  a  serious,  earnest,  solid,  and  practical  preacher.  His  sermons 
were  characterized  by  the  gravity  of  their  manner,  and  the  perspicacity  of 
their  reason,  rather  than  by  brilliant  rhetoric.  He  aimed  to  present  the 
truths  of  his  text,  with  reference  to  the  personal  interests  and  responsibili- 
ties of  his  audience.  His  ministry  was  greatly  blessed.  He  was  of  a  re- 
markably amiable  disposition,  and  free  from  guile.  In  the  privacies  of  home, 
the  sanctities  of  the  church,  the  activities  of  the  busy  world,  among  the 
rich  or  poor,  he  was  always  the  same,  and  truly  adorned  the  doctrine  of 
God  his  Saviour.  He  was  the  author  of  two  works.  Doctrinal  Thoughts, 
and  Practical  Thoughts,  which  were  highly  commended  and  passed  through 
several  editions. 

Seelye,  Edward  E.  b.  at  Lansingburgh,  1819,  U.C.  1839,  P.S.  1843  ;  (Still- 
water, N.Y.  1843-50,  Sandy  Hill,  1850-58,)  Schenectady,  1st,  1858-65, 
d. 

He  cannot  readily  be  forgotten  by  any  one  who  knew  him.  The  first 
impression  from  his  acquaintance  was  that  of  rugged  strength.  Physically, 
he  was  robust,  a  little  above  medium  height,  with  a  compact,  well-knit  frame. 


THE    MINISTRY.  213 

In  repose  his  countenance  w.os  somewhat  stern,  but  no  eye  ever  greeted  a 
friend  more  frankly  than  his,  or  looked  upon  childhood  more  tenderly,  or 
won  even  timid  confidence  more  readily.  With  this  physique  his  mind  and 
heart  were  in  perfect  correspondence.  He  had  a  robust,  rugged  intellect, 
which  delighted  to  grapple  with  difficulties,  and  which  could  be  content 
with  no  superficial  acquirements.  His  devotion  to  trutli  and  right  was 
chivalrous,  and  brooked  no  compromise.  And  yet  in  his  ministrations  of 
the  word  he  oftenest  and  most  lovingly  dwelt  upon  the  revelations  of  God's 
love  and  the  truths  which  appeal  to  the  tendercst  feelings  of  the  heart. 
Beneath  the  exterior  strength  of  body  and  mind,  Dr.  Seelye  had  the  heart 
of  a  child.  Extremely  sensitive,  he  repaid  confidence  with  confidence,  and 
love  with  love,  in  a  manner  which  left  no  one  to  doubt  of  his  friendship. 
"With  such  an  organization,  his  delight  was  in  his  familj^  No  wife  or  chil- 
dren were  ever  cherished  more  tenderly  than  his,  and  no  one  ever  loved 
home  more  than  he.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  always  instructive,  never  dull, 
and  seldom  cold.  As  a  scholar  he  was  diligent,  thorough,  and  widely  ac- 
complished. As  a  theologian,  he  was  uncompromisingly  orthodox,  and 
always  able  and  ready  to  give  a  logical,  scriptural,  and  unanswerable  reason 
why.  As  a  writer  and  thinker  his  style  is  preserved  in  a  posthumous  volume 
of  discourses  entitled  Bible  Eiriblems,  published  by  the  American  Tract 
Society.—/.  A.  D.  B. 

Seelye,  Julius  11.  Schenectady,  1st,  1853-8.  Prof,  of  Moral  Phil.  andMeta. 
-  physics,  in  Amherst  Coll.  1858-C3,  d.  18C6. 

Selden,  Calvin.    From  Royalton  xissoc.  Yt.  1857,  Jersey  City  3d,  1857. 

Selyns,  Henricus,  b.  in  Amsterdam,  1636,  1.  CI.  Amsterdam,  1659  ;  Brook- 
lyn, Bushwick,  and  Gravesend,  1660-64,  returned  to  Holland  ;  (Waver- 
veen,  Holland,  1666-82,  also  Chaplain  in  Holland  army,  1675;)  New- 
Amsterdam,  1682-1701,  d. 

He  was  the  most  eminent  of  the  ministers  who  had  yet  come  from  Hol- 
land. His  ancestors,  on  both  sides,  had  been  officers  in  the  Reformed  Church 
in  Holland,  since  its  organization,  a  century  before.  He  was  officiating  as 
&  proponent,  (or  licentiate,)  when  he  received  the  call  to  Brooklyn.  Gov. 
Stuyvesant  was  in  the  north  effecting  some  Indian  treaties,  when  he  arrived, 
and  together  with  Blom,  his  fellow-passenger,  they  followed  him  to  Esopus 
and  Fort  Orange,  to  present  their  letters.  He  was  presented  to  his  congre- 
gation by  two  officers  of  the  government — Xicasius  de  Sille  and  Martin 
Krigier — and  was  installed  Sept.  3d,  1660.  He  also  officiated  on  Sabbath 
evenings  at  Gov.  Stuyvesant's  Bouwerie,  (now  on  East  13th  st.,)  especially 
instructing  the  negroes.  He  also  occasionally  preached  for  the  Huguenots 
on  Staten  Island.  His  charge  extended  from  Wallabout  to  Gowanus.  He 
once  came  in  collision  with  the  magistrates,  who  attempted  to  override  his 
ecclesiastical  prerogatives.  In  a  respectful  letter,  he  declined  to  appear  be- 
fore them  or  acknowledge  their  authority  in  such  matters.  He  sustained 
himself  with  firmness,  dignity,  and  force  of  reason,  and  his  arguments  pre- 


214  THE   MINISTRY. 

vailed.  He  married,  in  1662,  Machtelt  Specht,  a  young  lady  of  New- 
Utrecht  ;  and  if  we  may  trust  his  own  description,  of  rare  beauty  and  worth- 
He  subsequently  married  Margaret  de  Riemer,  widow  of  Hon.  Cornelius 
Steenwyck.  He  had  engaged  himself  for  service  in  America,  for  only  four 
years,  and  was  anxious  to  return,  as  he  said,  to  gladden  the  eyes  of  his  aged 
parents.  He  left  upon  the  arrival  of  Samuel  Megapolensis,  a  short  time  be- 
fore the  surrender.  He  had  been  already  greatly  useful,  and  was  highly 
esteemed.  He  took  charge  of  a  small  congregation  in  Holland,  whose  in- 
habitants earned  their  living  by  gathering  turf.  Yet  he  was  contented  with 
his  position,  and  refused  a  call  to  New-Amsterdam,  to  become  colleague 
with  Drisius,  in  1670,  after  the  death  of  the  elder  Megapolensis.  The  call 
was  renewed  in  1682,  after  the  death  of  Drisius  and  Van  Niewenhuysen, 
and  was  now  accepted.  The  need  was  pressing,  as  Van  Zuuren,  on  Long 
Island,  was  the  only  minister  nearer  than  Weekstein,  at  Kingston,  and 
Schaats,  at  Albany.  He  was  received  with  great  affection  and  joy.  He 
preached  three  times  a  week,  and  jsatechised  the  children  on  Sunday  eve- 
nings, and  oflBciated  occasionally  at  Bergen  and  Harlem.  His  was  now  the 
most  important  ecclesiastical  position  in  the  province.  It  was  also  a  most 
critical  period  for  the  Reformed  Church,  and  the  greatest  wisdom  and  pru- 
dence were  necessary  to  preserve  her  privileges,  under  English  aggressions. 
The  Dutch  were  only  tolerated,  according  to  the  capitulation,  as  dissenters. 
The  Governors  attempted  to  exercise  arbitrary  powers,  but  the  people  re- 
sisted. Domine  Selyns  was  fully  alive  to  the  importance  of  the  subject, 
and  was  rejoiced  at  the  arrival  of  Gov.  Dongan  in  1683,  who  allowed  full 
liberty  of  conscience.  An  assembly  of  the  people  was  soon  called,  which 
among  other  matters  established  the  legal  position  of  the  denominations, 
allowing  the  churches  to  choose  their  own  ministers.  The  law  never  indeed 
became  operative,  but  it  increased  the  struggle  for  religious  freedom.  In 
1689,  with  the  accession  of  William  and  Mary  to  the  throne  of  England, 
Leisler,  a  political  adventurer,  supported  by  the  lower  orders,  seized  the  fort 
and  the  public  funds,  for  "  the  preservation  of  the  Protestant  religion,"  as 
he  declared,  but  this  was  only  a  pretext  for  his  usurpation.  The  Dutch 
clergy,  without  exception,  opposed  his  pretensions,  and  when  Gov.  Nichol- 
son fled,  and  Leisler  really  possessed  the  government,  they  still  continued 
their  opposition,  and  preached  against  his  authority.  This  excited  the  Gov- 
ernor bitterly  against  them.  (Dellius,  Varick.)  Yet  Selyns  committed  no 
overt  act,  so  that  he  was  able  to  remain  at  his  post,  and  was  for  a  time  the 
only  Dutch  minister  on  duty  in  the  province,  but  he  was  in  close  commu- 
nication and  sympathy  with  the  leaders  of  the  opposition,  and  was  con- 
stantly watched.  His  house  was  seai'ched,  and  his  service  in  the  church 
interrupted  by  Leisler  himself,  who  was  a  member,  and  his  letters  to  Hol- 
land were  intercepted.  Selyns  rejoiced  over  his  speedy  downfall,  preach- 
iug  a  sermon  on  the  occasion  from  the  words  of  the  Psalmist,  "  I  had  faint- 
ed unless  I  had  believed,  to  see  the  goodness  of  the  Lord  in  the  land  of  the 
living."  But  his  conduct  split  the  congregation,  and  his  salary  was 
withheld  by  a  part  of  thera,  for  several  years.     Leisler  himself  was  a  low, 


THE    MINISTRY.  215 

illiterate  man.  and  the  same  classes  of  tlic  people  were  his  friends.  ITc  was 
executed  in  lO'Jl.  Selyns's  letters,  at  this  time,  refer  to  the  civil  difficulties 
and  the  evils  to  the  church  incident  thereto.  lie  says  that  he  and  Domino 
Varick,  who  endure  more  than  can  be  believed,  have  to  be  patient  of  neces- 
sity. In  1693,  during  the  administration  of  Fletcher,  the  city  had  become 
unprecedentedh^  corrupt,  by  the  inllux  of  freebooters  and  privateers,  who 
made  it  their  rendezvous,  with  the  Governor's  sanction.  Fletcher  also  pro- 
cured the  passage  of  an  act  to  provide  a  ministry  by  law,  thus  establishing 
the  Episcopal  Church.  The  disimte  was  really  between  the  Episcopalians 
and  the  Presbyterians ;  yet,  whichever  side  prevailed,  the  Dutch  were  sure 
to  suffer.  Selyns  was  not  satisfied  with  the  legal  condition  of  the  Reform- 
ed Church.  Its  privileges  might  at  any  moment  be  withdrawn.  lie  and  his 
consistory  therefore  applied  for  a  charter,  which  was  the  first  church  char- 
ter issued  in  the  colony.  It  was  not  obtained,  however,  but  by  a  considera- 
ble service  of  plate  presented  to  the  Governor.  It  is  dated  May  11th,  1096. 
This  charter  secured  to  the  church  of  New-York  its  independence.  Be- 
sides permitting  them  to  call  their  own  ministers,  to  hold  property,  etc., 
it  also  provided  for  a  compulsory  payment  of  church  rates,  by  the  members. 
This  latter  idea  was  stricken  out  at  the  confirmation  of  the  charter  in  1784. 
It  may  also  be  worthy  of  remark  that  when  the  Episcopalians  called  Mr. 
Vesc}-,  a  Presbyterian  on  Long  Island,  as  the  first  rector  of  Trinity  Church, 
Selyns  assisted  in  the  installation  service,  which  was  performed  in  the  Gar- 
den street  church.  Selyns  now  felt  that  the  liberties  of  the  Dutch  Church 
were  secured.  He  had  labored  faithfully,  zealously,  and  successfully.  Amid 
all  his  trials,  no  one  had  ventured  to  breathe  a  syllable  against  the  purity  of 
his  life,  or  of  his  fidelitj^  to  the  spiritual  interests  of  his  congregation.  He 
was  sixty  years  old,  and  needed  help.  He  had  been  alone  in  his  extensive 
charge  during  his  whole  ministry,  although  Daillg  had  preached  in  the 
French  Reformed  Church  from  1683-90,  and  Perrot  after  him.  He  called 
these  his  colleagues.  The  consistory  therefore,  in  1098,  resolved  to  call  a  col- 
league, as  their  new  charter  gave  them  this  right.  The  old  party  of  the 
friends  of  Leisler  were  opposed.  They  wished  a  minister  of  their  own  part}-. 
The  controversy  was  carried  to  Holland.  Mr.  Verdieren,  whom  they  had 
called,  declined.  Then  the  Classis  called  Rev.  Gualterus  Du  Bois,  who  in 
1699  entered  on  his  duties,  and  continued  for  more  than  half  a  century. 
Selyns  possessed  in  an  eminent  degree  that  rare  combination  of  faculties 
which  unites  the  zeal  of  the  preacher,  seeking  the  salvation  of  souls,  with 
the  prudence  of  the  presbyter,  looking  after  the  temporalities  of  the  church. 
He  was  most  systematic,  energetic,  and  industrious  in  the  discharge  of  his 
ministerial  and  pastoral  duties.  He  was  the  chief  of  the  early  ministers 
to  enlarge  the  usefulness  of  the  church  to  which  he  belonged,  and  to  secure 
for  it  an  independent  and  permanent  foundation  under  the  Enghsh  govern- 
ment, lie  died  in  his  sixty-fifth  year,  universally  esteemed  for  his  talents 
and  his  virtues.  In  all  his  letters  he  shows  an  entirely  catholic  spirit, 
speaking  kindly  of  other  denominations,  and  rejoicing  in  their  success.  His 
liberal  and  amiable  character  endeared  him  to  all  around  him.    He  was  on 


216  THE   MINISTRY. 

terms  of  friendship  with  the  heads  of  government,  and  in  correspondence 
with  distinguished  men  in  the  neighboring  colonies.  He  was  also  a  poet,  * 
versifying  in  both  Latin  and  Dutch.  Cotton  Mather,  with  whom  he  corre- 
sponded considerably,  remarks  of  him,  "  He  had  so  nimble  a  faculty  of  put- 
ting his  devout  thoughts  into  verse,  that  he  signalized  himself  by  the  great- 

*  The  following  is  from  the  pen  (and  heart)  of  Domiae  Selyns.    It  is  given  as  one  of  the 
earliest  specimens  of  poetry  in  the  colony : 

BIRTHDAY  GAELAND, 
WOVEN   m   HONOR   OF    MATILDA   SPECHT. 


See  the  nymphs  of  Utrecht  flying. 

See  them  tripping  o'er  the  street, 
See  them  little  chaplets  buying, 

Chaplets  for  adorning  meet. 
Chaplets  to  a  maid  becoming, 

Fruitlets  of  a  sprightly  brain. 
Where  are  flowers  always  blooming. 

See,  bow  joyous  is  the  train. 
To  behold  them  is  a  pleasure  ; 

Some  are  running  ia  and  out, 
Many  singing  till  the  azure 

Echoes  with  the  blithesome  shout. 
Others  laughing  ;  who's  the  being  ? 

From  the  cold  that  they  are  not  fleeing. 

ANTISTKOPHB. 

They  are  thus  with  garlands  wreathing 

Th'  sweetest  creature  of  the  town ; 
Who  for  evil  no  ill  breathing, 

Evil  sees  with  horror's  frown ; 
Who,  when  with  her  babe  she's  playing, 

Image  is  of  modesty  ; 
Who,  all  wantonness  bewraying, 

Leads  a  life  of  purity ; 
Who  with  scorn  the  base  despises, 

Who  the  truth  doth  highly  prize  ; 
Who  for  gain  no  word  disguises, 

Nor  for  mean  advantage  tries ; 
Her  word  lightly  never  breathing, 

'Tis  for  her  they're  garlands  wreathing. 


Why,  when  all  are  frozen  under. 

And  the  fruits  all  withered  lie, 
Taste  and  smeU  ta'en  thence  asunder. 

When  the  earth  appears  to  die  ; 
When  the  roofs  with  snow  are  bending, 

Roofs,  whereunder  dwellings  are ; 
When  the  boughs  the  sleet  is  sending. 

Whence  with  sprigs  they  deck  the  fair ; 
When  the  forest  leaves  are  dying. 

And  no  herbage  clothes  the  field  ; 
When  the  seed,  all  dormant  lying. 

Not  a  living  plant  will  yield ; 
Why,  when  none  of  these  are  living,  " 

Must  they  blooming  flowers  be  giving  ? 


THE   MINISTRY. 


217 


est  frequency  perhaps,  whicli  ever  man  used,  of  sending  poems  to  all  per- 
sons, in  all  places,  on  all  occasions ;  and  upon  this,  as  well  as  upon  greater 
accounts,  was  a  David  unto  the  Hocks  of  our  Lord  in  the  wilderness."— 
Magnalia,  m.  4:\.—See  Murph/s  Anthology  of  Neic-Xetherlamh,  for  his 
life  and  poetry. 

[Senn,  Jacob,  I..  1776,  U.  Pa.  1703  ?  TTardwick,  Stillwater,  Susscxtown,  and 
Knowlton,  N.  J.,  1795-1800,  Toliicken,  SpvingOeld,  and  Indiantield,  Pa. 
1800-18,  d.] 
Serven,  Isaac,  lie.  by  Seceders,  1828,  suspended,  1831. 
Serenbets,  Francis  M.  Ordained  as  a  Roman  priest,  at  Friburg,  ISS-t,  c.  to 
.\merica,  18-iG  ;  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1848,  Newark  3d,  1848-9,  New-Brunswick 
Sd,  1851-4,  w.  c. 
Seward,  Dwight  M.    Y.C.  (AVest-IIartford,  Ct.)  Yonkers,  1851-2,  Preslyt. 
SiiAFEK,  Thomas  L.  1.  CI.  Schoharie,  1859  ;  North-Blenheim,  1859-Gl,  North- 
Blenheim  and  Breakabin,  1861-7. 
Shaw,  John  B.  from  Rutland  Assoc.  Yt.  1852,  Tiossiock,  1852-9,  d.  18G5. 
Shaw,  John  F.     R.C.  1865.     N.B.S.  1868;  Athens,  Pa.  1808— 

ANTISTROPHE. 

Sooner  not  the  decoration  ; 

It  is  now  her  natal  day. 
Ever  comes  the  celebration, 

When  the  waters  ice  display. 
Who  shall  sooner  hope  for  pleasure  ? 

It  is  now  the  fitting  time 
For  attire  to  spend  our  treasure, 

And  in  merriment  to  join. 
AH,  of  trouble,  disencumber. 

This  sprightly  creature  to  adorn. 
Twenty  years  she  now  doth  number, 

Since  the  day  she  here  was  born  ; 
Since  she  came  where  heaven's  portal 

Is  the  aim  of  every  mortal. 


'Tis  her  birthday  and  no  later. 

Let  your  garlands  gayly  lly  ; 
Wish  her  ornaments  no  greater  ; 

Wish  her  all  prosperity  ; 
Wish  her  many  days  to  live  for. 

That  she  may  no  sorrow  know  ; 
Pray,  "  Upon  her,  Great  Jehovah  I 

Do  TUT  blessinfcs  e'er  bestow  ;  " 
Wish  her,  when  th'  immortal  spirit 

Leaves  her  body  here  to  die, 
She  may  then  that  life  inherit 

Which  shall  live  eternally, 
That  she  may  ascend  to  heaven, 

Where  all  fear  of  death  is  driven. 

Non  qiue  super  terram. 


218  THE    MINISTRY. 

Shaw,  Wji.  A.  Madison  University,  N.Y.  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  Monmouth, 
1859 ;  Marbletown,  1859-GO,  Wiltwyck  Station,  Miss,  to,  1800-"!,  Wilt- 
wyck,  1864— 

Sheffield,  John  H.     U.N.Y.  1837,  N.B.S.  1840,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie,  1840 ; 

North-Hempstead,  1843-6,  Miss,  to  the  West,  1846-7,  Miss,  to  the  poor 

and  destitute  in  Indiana,  1849,  died  1803. 

He  is  described  as  possessing  mental  powers,  a  gentle  carriage,  and  ear- 
nest, unobtrusive  piety,  which  commended  him  to  the  love  of  all.  His  noble 
brow  excited  admiration,  and  his  heartful  voice  in  prayer  left  a  deep  im- 
press on  the  memorj'-.  He  was  a  man  of  unselfish  constancy,  fervid  percep- 
tion of  the  truth,  unswerving  purity  of  sentiment,  and  winning  amenity  in 
walk  and  conversation.  In  him  divine  grace  had  made  trophy  of  a  noble 
natvu'e,  and  sanctified  it  for  an  ensample.  But  disease  was  working  in  his 
system  from  his  youth,  and  cut  down  his  ministerial  service  to  a  i'ew  years. 
He  spent  the  last  years  of  his  life  near  SufTern,  N.  Y. 

Shepakd,  Chas.  J.  R.C.  1850.  N.B.S.  1853,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1853  ;  Pompton 
Plains,  1853-8,  Linlithgow,  1858-G7,  Newtown,  'l867— 

Sherwood,  Nathan  L.     Cold  Spring,  1807. 

Shimeall,  Robt.  C.  from  Rensselaerville  Bapt.  Assoc.  Miss,  in  Piivington  St. 
KY.C.  1827-8,  Pompton,  1828-9,  New-Prospect,  1829-81. 

Sickles,  Jacob,  b.  at  Tappan,  1772,  C.C.  1792,  studied  under  Froeligh  and 
Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1794 ;  Schenectady,  assisting  Ronieyn,  1794-7, 
Coxsackie  and  Coe3rmans,  1797-1801,  Kinderhook,  1801-35,  d.  1845. 
His  having  been  invited  as  an  assistant  to  the  eminent  Dirck  Romeyn,  at 
Schenectady,  and  continuing  there  for  three  years,  speaks  much  in  reference 
to  his  early  ability,  and  the  estimation  in  which  he  was  then  held.  His 
field  at  Kinderhook  was  very  extensive,  embracing  the  present  area  of  seve- 
ral churches.  His  labors  were  here  greatly  blessed,  the  numbers  professing 
their  faith  under  his  ministry  averaging  twenty  a  year,  for  thirty  years.  As 
a  preacher  he  was  chaste,  afiectionate,  and  searching.  His  style  of  sermon- 
izing was  ornate,  classical,  finished ;  and  his  pungent  appeals  to  the  heart 
and  conscience  evinced  a  faithful  servant  of  the  Master,  and  a  discriminating 
mind  in  estimating  human  character.  As  a  pastor,  he  had  many  excellen- 
ces. He  was  noted  for  his  uniform  and  sincere  affection,  his  enlarged  be- 
nevolence, his  remarkable  humility,  and  his  proverbial  prudence,  together 
with  his  untiring  assiduity  in  winning  souls  for  Christ.  In  all  the  relations 
of  life,  his  piety  was  paramount,  his  daily  walk  was  with  God.  He  preached, 
as  unbelievers  admitted,  every  hour  of  his  life. 

Sill,  Geo.  G.  b.  1791,  Copperas,  (Brunswick,)  111.  1841-9,  died,  1859. 

SiMONSON,  John.  R.C.  1842.  N.B.S.  1845,  1.  CI.  of  Philadelphia,  1845  ; 
West-Farms,  1845-52,  Bethlehem,  1st,  1852-64,  Plainfield,  (Central,) 
1864— 

Sinclair,  J.  H.  from  Fourth  Presbyt.  N.Y.    Richmond,  S.  L  1800— 


THE   MINISTRY. 


219 


Skim-max,  Wm.  J.  B.C.  18G0.  N.B.S.  1SG3,  1.  CI.  N.B.  18G3  ;  Macon  and 
South-Macon,  1803— 

Skinner,  Thos.  U.     U.N.Y.  1840,  Stapleton,  1859-G7. 

Slauson,  Hiram,  U.C.  1837,  Northnnibcrland,  18-1-1-52,  Dccrpark,  1853-7, 
Ncw-Salem,  1861-2,  Nevv-Salem  and  Chirksville,  1SG2-0,  w.  c. 

SHngcrland,  Elbert,  N.B.S.  1824, 1.  CI.  N.B.  1824;  Glenville  1st,  1824-33, 
Chittenango,  1833-4,  AVcsterlo,  1834-G,  AVatcrford,  l«3G-7,  Wynantskill, 
1887-40,  Madison  and  Sun  Prairie,  1844-G,  New-IIuHcy,  1S4G-.54,  .Mo- 
hawk, 1855-0,  Glenville  2d,  1857-00,  Hagaman's  Mills,  1800-2,  S.S.  Mo- 
hawk, 18G5-G. 

Slnytcr,  Richard,  b.  at  Nassau,  N.Y.  1787,  N.B.S.  1815,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1815  ; 
Claverack,  and  Hillsdale,  181G-25,  Claverack,  1825-42,  Clavcrack  1st 
and  2d,  1842,  Claverack  1st,  1843,  died.     Also  supplied  Ghent  for  seven 

years. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  apostolic  men  our  church  has  produced.  He  was 
distinguished  as  a  revivalist.  During  his  ministry  at  Claverack  of  twenty- 
eight  years,  there  were  six  extensive  revivals,  in  some  of  which  the  converts 
numbered  by  hundreds.  He  wore  himself  out  in  the  work.  His  memory, 
as  a  man  of  God,  is  still  fresh  in  the  hearts  of  the  people  of  all  that  region, 
which  was  spiritually  transformed  by  his  labors.  His  native  qualities  were 
a  fine  and  even  martial  personal  appearance,  great  conversational  powers, 
energy,  hopefulness,  courage,  simplicity,  and  generosity.  He  was  an  un- 
usually excellent  singer.  He  was  incessantly  visiting  his  people,  and  talk- 
ing to  them  about  their  souls.  He  was  active  and  self-denying  in  the  es- 
tablishment of  new  churches,  in  whole  or  in  part  formed  from  his  own.  His 
death-bed  was  a  scene  of  great  spiritual  beauty  and  power.— /See  Memoir  lij 
Currie.  F.  N.  Z. 
Smaltz,  John  Henry,     Q.C.  1818.    N.B.S.  1819,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1819  ;  German 

Beformed ;    d.  1801. 
Smit,  Roelof,    Drenthe,  1851-3. 
Smith,  John,  w.  c.  1849 — 

Smith,  Nicholas  E.     B.C.  1841.     N.B.S.  1845,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1845;  Miss,  at 
Port  Washington,  Mon.  Co.  1845-7,  Oyster  Bay,  1847-53,  Brooklyn, 
Middle,  1853— 
Smith,  Samuel,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  D.  R.  Chs.  1789  ; 

Saratoga,  1789-1800,  Preshyt. 
Smith,  Thos.  Gibson,  b.  1750,  in  Scotland,  c.  to  America,  1774,  studied 
under  Mason,  1.  Assoc.  Ref.  1791  ;  (Little  Britain,  and  Shawangunk,  Assoc. 
Ref.)  1791-9,  Kleyn  Esopus,  and  Bloomingdale,  1799-1801,  Kleyn 
Esopus,  Bloomingdale,  and  Hurley,  1801-8,  Tarrytown,  1808-12,  Tarry- 
town,  (and  Greenburgh,  Presbyt.)  1812-20,  Tarrytown  and  Unionville, 
1820-37,  died  April  10th. 


U.O^i 


220  THE    MINISTRY. 

He  identified  himself  with  the  party  of  liberty,  soon  after  he  came  to 
America,  and  took  some  active  part  in  the  war.  At  its  close  he  determin- 
ed to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  in  which  he  labored  for  almost  half  a  cen- 
tury. He  was  strongly  attached  to  the  standards  of  his  church,  and  gave  a 
prominence  to  them  in  his  preaching.  His  manner  was  discriminating,  and 
rich  in  evangelical  sentiment;  it  was  also  eminently  experimental  and  prac- 
tical. This  made  him  a  favorite  preacher  with  the  aged  and  experienced. 
He  was  favored  with  several  revivals.  His  body,  possessed  of  great  vigor 
and  strength,  was  the  type  of  his  mind. 

Smith,  Wm.  H.     E.G.  1862;  Ephratah,  1865-8,  also  S.S.  at  Tillaborough, 

1867. 

Smith,  William  Richmond,  (s.  of  Rev.  Robt.  Smith)  b.  in  Lancaster  Co.  Pa. 

^.     1753,  C.N.J.  17. .,  (Wilmington,  Del.  1780-94,)  Ne-Shanic  and  HarHngen, 
/yy^'      1794-1817,  d.  1820. 
'^        '  ,      His  father  was  minister  at  Pequea,  Pa.,  while  his  mother  was  sister  of 

/  the  celebrated  brothers,  Samuel  and  John  Blair,  most  eminent  preachers. 
He  had  also  two  distinguished  preachers  for  brothers,  namely,  Samuel  S 
Smith  and  John  Smith.  He  was  a  man  of  a  sound  mind,  and  an  edifying 
preacher — a  man  highly  esteemed  and  revered  by  the  people  to  whom  he 
ministered  through  the  long  period  of  twenty-five  years — a  courteous,  gentle- 
manly man.  He  visited  his  people  faithfully  and  regularly  as  a  pastor, 
going  through  his  congregation  or  parish  in  a  year  and  a  half,  yearly,  and 
every  year,  so  long  as  he  was  able,  not  passing  by  a  single  family.  He  was 
stricken  with  paralysis,  while  in  the  act  of  preaching  to  his  people.  He 
survived  the  attack  for  several  years,  but  was  a  wreck  in  mind  and  body 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  His  remains  rest  among  the  people  of  his 
charge,  and  he  being  dead  yet  speaketh.  This  short  sketch  is  made  up  ot 
materials  gathered  from  tradition,  and  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  more  ma- 
terials cannot  be  gathered  so  as  to  furnish  a  longer  account  of  one  so  es- 
timable ;  but  what  has  been  gathered  is  authentic  and  reliable. — Q.  L. 

Smock,  John  H.  R.C.  1863.  N.B.S.  1866,  1.  CI.  Mormouth,  1866  ;  Oyster 
Bay,  1866— 

Smuller,  Henry  W.  from  Presbyt.  Genesee;  Kingston  2d,  1849-53. 

Snyder,  Benj.  F.  R.C.  1846.  N.B.S.  1849,  1.  Cl.  Ulster,  1849  ;  Blooming- 
dale,  1850-52,  Miss,  at  Mt.  Vernon,  1852-54,  Arcadia,  1855-6,  Schodack, 
1856— 

Snyder,  G.  W See  Schneyder. 

Snyder,  Henry,  Miss,  to  Frankford  and  Schuyler,  (Herkimer  Co.  N.Y.)  1829- 
30,  Herkimer,  1831. 

Southard,  Jas.  L.     R.C.  1866,  student  in  N.B.S. 

[Spangenberg,  Cyriacus,  b.  in  Hesse,  came  to  America  with  the  Hessian 
troops,  1776,  was  refused  a  licensure  bj'  the  Ger.  Coetus,  1783,  preached 


THE   MINISTRY.  221 

at  Slianiokin,  Sclinsgrovc,  Mahantongo,  and  Middle  Creek,  1784-5,  Frank- 
lin Co.  Pa.  1785-90,  1795,  executed.] 

lie  was  an  impostor.  He  sought  licensure  several  times,  but  never  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  it.  lie  preached  independently  in  dilTerent  places,  till  his 
bad  character  followed  him,  or  he  exposed  himself.  He  had  left  a  wife  in 
Europe,  and  another  marriage  was  within  a  day's  consummation  with  one 
of  his  innocent  flock,  when  a  letter  was  discovered  which  revealed  his  base- 
ness. "When  seeking  to  be  settled  at  Berlin,  Elder  Glassmore,  sitting  near 
him,  remonstrated  against  receiving  him,  when  Spangenberg  stabbed  him 
to  the  heart.     He  was  convicted  and  executed. 

Sp.vildixg,  Cvkil,  R.C.  1841,  N.B.S.  1840,  1.  CI.  N.B.  184G  ;  New-Rhine- 
beck  and  Cobleskill,  1846-9,  New-Rhinebeck,  1849-52,  Blooming  Grove, 
1852-G,  Rotterdam  2d,  1856-60,  Athens  1st  and  2d,  18G0-6,  Athens 
1st,  18G6-8,  Shawangunk,  18G8— • 

Spinner,  John  P.  (Mins.  G.S.  i.  p.  338,  has  it  printed  Spencer,)  German 
Flats,  and  Herkimer,  1802-35,  German  Flats,  1835-48,  d. 

[Sprole,  Wm.  T.  P.S.  1829,  Ger.  Ref.  Philadelphia,  1832-7,  Washington, 
D.C. . . .  Chaplain,  West-Point, . . .  .Newburgh.] 

Staats,  John  A.  R.C.  1836,  N.B.S.  1840,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1840,  Clintonville, 
1840-1,  Preakness,  1843-61,  Blooming  Grove,  1861-6,  w.  c. 

[Stahlschmidt,  John  Christian,  b.  in  Nassau-Sieger,  1740,  c.  to  America, 
1770,  lie.  by  Ger.  Coetus,  1777;  settled  over  the  churches  near  York, 
Pa.  1777-9,  returned  to  Germany,  1780,  d.  about  1825. — See  interesting 
Memoir  in  Harhmigh^ s  Lives.'] 

Stanbrough,  Rufcs  M.  R.C.  1858.  N.B.S.  1861  ;  Manheim,  and  Indian 
Castle,  (Danube,)  1861— 

[Stapel,  Casper  Michael,  Amwell,  N.J.  1762-3] 

Starks,  Jared  L.  Bowman's  Creek,  (now  Buel,)  1840-2,  S.S.  Columbia,  and 
Mohawk,  1842-3,  Mohawk  and  German  Flats,  and  S.S.  Frankford,  1843- 
4,  Mohawk  and  Frankfort,  1844-6,  Mohawk,  1846-52,  Fort  Herkimer, 
1852-7,  w.  c.  Fort  Herkimer,  1861-2,  d. 

Statesir,  Bkxj.  T.  R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  1865,  I.  CI.  Monmouth,  1865;  Stone 
House  Plains,  1866— 

Stebbins,  (Jas.  ?)  U.C.  1842?  P.S.  1845,  (Plattsburg,  N.J.  18. .,)  S.S.  Fort 
Miller,  1848. 

Steele,  John,  R.C.  1845,  N.B.S.  1848, 1.  CI.  N.B.  1848;  Lebanon,  1848-53, 
Coxsackic2d,  1853-8,  Union  Village,  1858-65,  Totowa  1st,  1805— 

Steele,  John  B.  Mid.  C.  1818,  Ass.  Ref  Sem.  (under  Mason)  1822,  lie.  by 
A.R.  Presbyt.  of  New-York,  1822  ;  supplied  Albany,  Middle,  1823,  Boght, 
1824-83,  Middlcburgh,  1833-8,  also  S.S.  Breakabin,  1837,  Helderbergh, 
1838-46,  engaged  in  teaching  1846-54,  Cortlandtown,  1854-7,  emeritus. 


222  THE   MINISTRY. 

Steele,  Richard  H.  (s.  of  John  B.  Steele,)  R.C.  1844,  N.B.S.  1847,  1.  CI 
Schenectady,  1847,  [Charlton,  1847-50,  Ballston  Spa.  Presbyt.]  1850-52, 
Nassau,  1852-63,  New-Brunswick  1  st,  1863— 

Steele,  Wm.  H.  R.C.  1837,  N.B.S.  1840, 1.  CI.  N.B.  1840  ;  voyage  to  Borneo, 
May-Sept.  1842,  Batavia,  1842-3,  Karangan,  1843-9,  returned  to  Ameri- 
ca ;  w.  c. 

[Steiner,  John  Conrad,  b.  in  Switzerland,  1707,  (Mettsmenstten,  two  years,) 
St.  Peterzell,  1735-46,  St.  Georgen,  1747-9,  c.  to  America  ;  Philadelphia, 
1751-2,  and  Germantown,  Pa.  (G.R.)  1751-6,  Fredericktown,  Md.  1756- 
9,  and  itinerated  over  all  the  neighboring  country,  Philadelphia,  1759- 
62,  d.] 

He  was  a  native  of  Winterthur,  in  Switzerland,  and  was  devoted  by  his 
mother,  while  a  babe  on  her  bosom,  to  the  service  of  God.  He  began  to 
preach  at  the  age  of  nineteen.  "While  a  pastor  in  Europe,  (1738,)  he  pub- 
lished a  volume  called  The  Midnight  Cry,  comprising  twenty-five  ser- 
mons. Dr.  Zacharias  says  :  "  They  breathe  a  most  excellent  spirit ;  sliow 
him  to  have  been  a  man  of  talent,  great  plainness  of  speech,  extraordinary 
faithfulness  in  those  trying  scenes  through  which  the  members  of  the  Re- 
formed faith  had  to  pass,  in  consequence  of  the  fierce  opposition  they  met 
with  from  their  Catholic  neighbors,  who  were  headed  by  the  Abbe  of  St 
Gall." 

His  last  settlement  in  Europe  was  comparatively  small,  and  he  sighed  for 
a  more  enlarged  field  of  usefulness.  This  ultimately  led  him  to  America. 
After  his  arrival  here,  he  was  called  to  Lancaster,  but  a  portion  of  Mr. 
Schlatter's  congregation  were  captivated  by  his  eloquence,  and  wished  him 
to  remain  in  Philadelphia.  The  Coetus  was  against  him,  which  led  him 
and  his  friends  to  take  a  position,  ultimately,  of  comparative  independence. 
He  believed  the  motives  of  the  members  of  Coetus  were  not  altogether  pure. 
Hence  he  took  counsel  of  himself — was  a  law  to  himself  He  died  sudden- 
ly, in  the  midst  of  his  labors.  The  last  few  years  of  his  ministry  were  pe- 
culiarly characterized  by  zeal  and  earnestness.  It  was  observed  by  his 
friends  that  he  was  ripening  for  heaven.  He  hoped  that  he  might  not  have 
a  long  and  tedious  sickness,  and  his  wish  was  gratified.  He  was  engaged 
in  a  practical  work,  (to  be  issued  in  four  volumes,)  of  sermons,  the  volumes 
to  consist, respectively,  of  sermons  calculated  to  arouse  the  careless — to  com- 
fort Christians — to  set  forth  their  present  privileges  and  eternal  reward — 
and  the  last  to  contemplate  the  works  of  God  in  nature,  so  as  to  lead  the 
thoughts  to  heavenly  contemplations.  Only  the  first  of  these  was  publish- 
ed, the  author  dying  while  it  was  going  through  the  press.  Dr.  Muhlenberg 
of  the  Lutheran  Church  officiated  at  his  funeral,  no  German  Reformed 
being  present.     Only  three  children,  out  of  thirteen,  survived  him. 

[Steiner,  Conrad,  (s.  of  J.  C.  Steiner,)  lie.  by  Ger.  Coetus,  1771  ;  supplied 
Organ  Ch.,  Jacob's  Ch.,  Rosenthaler  Ch.,  and  Dunkel's  Ch.,  1771-5,  Al- 
lentown,  Moortown,  and  Lehigh,  1775-82,  d.] 


THE   MINISTRY.  223 

STEiNFriiKEK,  C.  D.  F.  U.C.  18G-i,  N.B.S.  1807;  Astoria  2cl,  and  Newtown 
2(1,  1807— 

Steins,  Frederick,  from  Ref.  Cli.  in  Prussia;  Miss.  German,  2d,  N.Y.C.  1849. 

Stevenson,  James  B.  b.  in  Salem,  N.  Y.  1798,  N.B.S.  1827, 1.  CI.  Washing- 
ton,  1827;  Miss,  to  Lysandcr,  Sparta,  and  Cato,  1827-9,  Florida,  (Mina- 
ville,)  1829-5-i,  Wynantskill,  1854-04,  died  March  2d. 
In  early  lite  he  united  with  the  Scotch  Presbyterian  Church  in  Salera, 
N.  y.,  under  charge  of  Dr.  Proudfit,  and  while  yet  yOung  chose  the  minis- 
try. AVith  a  burning  zeal,  he  was  willing  to  labor  whithersoever  the  Lord 
might  call  him.  In  eighteen  months,  so  well  fitted  for  the  work  was  he, 
that  he  gathered  and  organized  a  fine  congregation  in  the  then  newly  settled 
Onondaga  County,  at  Lysander,  and  procured  the  erection  of  a  fine  house 
of  worship.  He  was  noted  for  his  fidelity,  earnestness,  and  devotion.  He 
displayed  great  energy  in  all  his  enterprises.  But  his  constitution  at 
length  began  to  feel  the  effects  of  his  excessive  labors.  He  wore  himself 
out  in  his  Master's  service.  AVhen  really  unable,  he  would  yet  labor  and 
preach,  directing  sinners  to  the  Lamb  of  God.  His  last  intelligible  words 
were,  "Firm  trust!  clear,  clear  1"  His  piety  was  sincere  and  deep ;  his 
judgment  sound  and  practical.  His  preaching  was  evangelical  and  in- 
structive. As  a  pastor,  he  greatly  excelled  ;  few  could  resist  his  kind  and 
solemn  appeals. 

Stewart,  Abel  T.  R.C.  1843,  N.B.S.  1840,1.  CI.  N.B.  1840;  Greenville, 
1840-50,  Greenville  and  Bronxville,  1850-2,  Tarrytown  1st,  1852-00. 
Holland  2d,  (or  Hope,)  1800— 

Stewart,  James  W.,  Prin.  of  Washington  Academy,  Salem,  18.  .-34,  Jack- 
son, 1834-0,  Warwick,  1838-42. 

Stillwell,  Aaron  L.  b.  at  Whitehouse,  1828,  R.C.  1851,  N.B.S.  1854,  1,  CI. 
N.B.  1854;  Bergen  Neck,  1854-04,  d. 

He  was  never  a  robust  man,  suffering  much  for  years  from  bronchial  af- 
fection. He  was  a  quiet  and  lovely  Christian,  gentle  in  his  manners,  and 
prudent  in  his  measures.  He  was  a  kind  of  Nathaniel.  His  record  is  that 
of  the  confiding,  gentle  Christian.  His  last  breath  was  spent  in  preachin"- 
the  Gospel. 

Stimpsox,  Edward  P.     R.C.  1834,  N.B.S.  1834;  Greenbush,  1834-51,  Cas- 

tleton,  1853-61,  suspended. 
Stimpson,  Henry  P.  from  Cong.  Ch.  Windham,  1830-33,  w.  c.  1833-50,  d. 

Stitt,  Cns.  H.    R.C.  1844,  N.B.S.  1848,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1848;  New-Paltz,  1848- 

65,  Kingston  2d,  1805 — 
St.  John,  . . . .,  S.S.  Cortlandt,  1858-05. 
Stobbelaar,  H.     Alto,  1858-00,  Zeeland,  1800-04,  Holland,  A\'is.,  1804— 

Stock,  Philip,  came  to  America,  1789.  Yorktown,  1789-90,  Chambersburgh, 
1790—. . . . 


224  THE    MINISTRY. 

Stout,  Henry.  R.O.  1864,  N.B.S.  1868,  1.  CI.  Raritan,  1868,  sailed  for  Ja- 
pan, Jan.  9th,  1869. 

Stout,  Nelson,  R.O.  1851,  N.B.S.  d.  1854. 

[Stoy,  Wm.  b.  in  Westphalia,  1726,  came  to  America,  1652  ;  Tulpehocken, 
Pa.  1752-5,  Philadelphia,  1755-6,  Lancaster,  1758-63,  Lebanon,  1763- 
72  ;  became  a  physician,  still  preaching  occasionally,  1773-1801,  d.] 
He  was  one  of  the  six  ministers  who  accompanied  Schlatter  on  his  return, 
in  1752.  His  clandestine  marriage,  while  in  Philadelphia,  gave  great  ofFence, 
and  obliged  him  to  leave  that  field.  About  1770,  the  Coetus  refused  longer 
to  recognize  him  as  a  member  of  that  body,  and  dropped  his  name.  He 
took  great  interest  in  medicine,  and  in  politics ;  was  of  great  patriotism, 
hated  aristocracy  and  monopolies,  and  sympathized  with  the  laboring  and 
the  poor.  He  combined  his  duties  as  a  physician  and  minister,  during  the 
last  thirty  years  of  his  life.  Amid  great  prejudice,  he  introduced  inocula- 
tion against  small-pox  into  Berks  Co.,  Pa.  He  had  a  considerable  share  of 
natural  talent,  which  was  developed  by  a  good  education.  His  sympathies 
were  strongly  on  the  side  of  freedom,  in  the  Revolution.  He  was  an  ex- 
cellent linguist. 

Strong,  J.  Pascal,  (s.  of  T.  M.  Strong,)  R.C.  1845,  N.B.S.  1850,  1.  S.  CI. 
L.L  1850;  East  New-York,  1850-4,  Jersey  City  3d,  1854-6,  Aquacka- 
nonck,  1856 — 

Strong,  MAson  R.  (s.  of  T.  M.  Strong,)  N.Y.U.  1855,  N.B.S.  died  1861. 

Strong,  Pascal  N.,  (brother  of  T.  M.  Strong,)  b.  in  Brookhaven,  L.I.  1798, 

O.C.  1810,  studied  under  Mason,  1.   Presbyt.  N.Y.   1815  ;   New-York, 

1816-26,  d. 

He  received  'calls  to  Harrisburgh  and  New-York  at  the  same  time,  but 
chose  the  latter.  He  and  Dr.  Knox  started  in  life  together  as  fellow-stu- 
dents under  the  same  instructor,  and  as  colleagues  in  the  same  church, 
though  the  ministry  of  the  former  was  comparatively  brief.  About  a  year 
before  he  died,  he  was  attacked  by  disease  of  a  pulmonary  character,  pro- 
ceeding from  a  severe  cold.  He  went  to  St.  Croix  to  spend  the  winter,  but 
while  there  died.  In  a  diary  commenced  in  1808,  three  years  before  he 
united  with  the  church,  he  says,  "I  will  regard  the  enjoyment  of  God  as 
the  supreme  end  of  all  my  plans.  I  will  consider  love  to  God  and  zeal 
for  his  glory  as  my  highest  duty,  and  study  to  improve  daily  in  these  di- 
vine affections.  I  will  for  the  future,  unless  unavoidably  hindered,  regu- 
larly devote  one  half-hour  in  the  morning,  and  a  like  period  in  the  evening, 
to  religious  concerns." 

His  disposition  was  amiable,  his  manners  were  courteous,  his  spirit  was 
resolute,  and  generous  almost  to  a  fault,  his  mind  was  gifted  in  more  than 
an  ordinary  degree,  and  his  opportunities  of  improvement  had  not  been 
neglected.  With  a  memory  peculiarly  tenacious,  and  the  power  of  an  ac- 
curate and  precise  discrimination  for  one  of  his  years,  his  attainments  in 


THE   MINISTRY.  225 

classical  and  critical  learning  may  without  any  cxaga;cration  be  regarded 
as  eminent.  Critical  research  was  with  him  a  favorite  employment.  Ho 
wrote  with  elegance  and  force.  Uis  discourses  were  clear,  accurate,  and 
tasteful.  His  style  was  copious  and  adorned.  Ilis  voice  was  melodious ; 
his  enunciation,  easy  and  natural ;  his  preaching,  evangelical  and  faithful. 

Strong,  Robert  G.  (s.  of  Thos.  M.  Strong,)  N.Y.U.  1855,  N.B.S.  1858,  1. 
S.  CI.  L.I.  1858;  assistant  at  Flatbush,  18G0-1.  New-Baltimore,  1861— 

Strong,  Selah  ^Y.  (s.  of  Thos.  M.  Strong,)  N.Y.U.  1862,  N.B.S.  18G5,  1. 
CI.  N.Y.  1SG5;  Rochester,  1805— 

Strong,  Thos.  C.  (s.  of  Thos.  M.  Strong,)  U.C.  1841,  N.B.S.  1845,  1.  S.  C, 
L.I.  1845;  Bloomingdale  and  Rosendule,  1845-9,  Newtown,  1849-59, 
Greenwich,  N.Y.C.  1859-06,  Ithaca,  1806— 

Strong,  Thos.  M.  (brother  of  P.  N.  Strong,)  b.  atCooperstown,  N.Y.  1797, 
C.C.  1816,  studied  under  Mason  and  at  P.S.  1819,  1.  Presbyt.,  (Norfolk, 
Va.  1819-21,  Assoc.  Ref.  Chambersburgh,  and  Shippcnsburgh,  Pa.,  1S21 
-2,)  Flatbush,  1822-61,  d. 

lie  was  possessed  of  the  most  thorough  and  indefatigable  business  hab- 
its, and  was  so  completely  at  home  in  ecclesiastical  affairs  that  his  very 
word  was  law,  from  which  no  appeal  could  be  taken.  He  was  a  man  of  re- 
markable clearpess  of  thought  and  of  simplicity  of  expression,  of  intense 
yet  well-balanced  mental  energy  and  activity,  of  large  attainments,  though 
never  ostentatiously  paraded ;  combining  in  a  rare  symmetry  and  exquisite 
"proportion,  affability  with  dignity,  and  gentleness  with  firmness,  and  withal 
a  man  of  such  pure  innate  modest}^,  and  genuine  Christian  humility,  that 
nothing  but  his  actual  removal  from  the  church  would  give  her  an  accur- 
ate estimate  of  his  real  value.  He  possessed  one  trait  of  character  of 
especial  loveliness  and  power.  He  was  eminently  a  Christian  gentleman. 
That  fruit  of  the  spirit  which  the  apostle  calls  "  gentleness"  was  exhibited 
by  him  in  a  remarkable  degree.  lie  had  the  most  sincere  regard  for  the 
feelings  of  others,  and  never  willingly,  by  word  or  act,  inflicted  a  wound 
upon  them.  He  was  alwa3's  mindful  of  the  injunction,  "■  He  courtcous,^^ 
and  in  this  particular  was  a  bright  and  lovclj^  exemplification  of  the  spirit 
of  the  Master. 

In  the  poise  of  his  moral  qualities,  in  the  rounded  completeness  of  his 
associated  gifts  and  virtues,  in  the  interblending  of  his  personal,  social, 
and  public  excellence,  (so  that  the  one  man  was  under  well-nigh 
all  circumstances  the  same,)  there  has  rarely  appeared  among  us  a 
more  symmetrical  and  perfect  character  than  that  which  Divine  grace 
developed  and  fashioned  into  the  legible  life  of  Dr.  Strong.  Resolute, 
without  arrogance ;  modest,  without  timidity ;  positive  in  his  convic- 
tions, without  pride  of  will ;  persevering,  without  pretension  ;  diligent, 
without  ostentation  of  intentions  ;  firm,  without  obstinacy  ;  tenacious  of 
his  moral  and  personal  preferences,  without  bigotry  or  hypocrisy  ;  quick 
in  his  estimate  of  duty,  without  wayward  impulses ;  devoted  to  duty, 
15 


226  THE    MINISTRY. 

without  thirst  for  personal  exaltation  ;  methodical,  without  mechanical  ser- 
vility to  circumstances;  learned,  without  pedantry;  and  godly,  without 
affectation  of  sanctity — he  seemed  indeed  to  illustrate  how  natural  quali- 
ties may  be  toned  and  softened  into  well-nigh  untarnished  beauty,  by  the 
power  of  Christ  working  upon  them  all. 

He  was  faithful  in  his  preparations  for  duty.  Knowing  that  only  beaten 
oil  should  be  brought  into  the  sanctuary,  he  with  resolute  purpose  and 
tised  system  entered  upon  the  performance  of  his  public  duties.  He  left 
a  Bible  which  was  a  complete  index  to  a  vast  range  of  investigation  over 
which  he  had  travelled.  He  was  faithful  in  his  ministrations  in  the  sanc- 
tuary. His  style  was  sedate,  solid,  instructive.  He  sought  no  sensational 
effects,  but  he  discriminated  and  individualized  the  truth  so  as  to  reach  the 
conscience  and  win  the  heart.  He  preached  memoriter.  He  was  also  a 
faithful  pastor,  though  much  of  his  time  was  consumed  in  the  public  duties 
of  the  church.  He  gave  his  best  energies  to  the  church  and  denomination 
in  which  he  ministered.  He  was  stated  clerk  of  the  General  Synod  for 
thirty-four  years. 

Stryker,  Herman  B.  (s.  of  Peter  Stryker,)  N.B.S.  1822,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1822. 
Miss,  to  Athol,  Caldwell,  Johnsburgh,  and  Warrensburgh,  (Warren  Co. 
N.Y.)  1822-3,  Fairfield,  and  Miss,  at  Little  Falls,  N.J.  1823-6,  Agent  of 
Miss.  Soc.  1826-7,  Union  Ch.  in  Amsterdam,  1827-33,  also  Miss,  at 
Johnstown  in  1830,  St.  Johnsville,  1833-4,  Glenville,  2d,  1834-7,  w.  c. 
1837-61,  Huguenots,  S.I.  1861— 

Stryker,  Isaac  P.  born  at  Harlingen,  Nov.  27,  1811,  E.C.  1837,  N.B.S. 

1840,  1.  CI 1840 ;  voyage  to  Borneo,  Nov.  '40-March  '41,  Borneo, 

1841-2,  d. 

Joining  the  class  of '37,  when  Milledoler,  and  Cannon,  and  Janeway,  and 
Strong,  and  Ogilby,  and  Beck  were  our  professors,  I  found  for  my  alpha- 
betical neighbor  that  true  man  of  God,  Isaac  P.  Stryker.  It  was  the  fall 
of  1834,  entering  upon  sophomore  stage,  and  nearly  all  the  members  were 
his  juniors  by  several  years.  He  had  come  from  a  line  of  handicraft,  to 
engage  with  all  his  heart  in  study  for  the  ministry,  and  this  one  thing  he 
did.  His  face  and  demeanor,  always  and  everywhere,  bespoke  a  governing 
conscientiousness  that  secured  the  respect  of  the  wayward,  the  unfaltering 
confidence  and  honor  of  all  who  observed  him.  At  lecture  or  prayer,  or 
the  duties  of  the  Sabbath,  his  steadfast  punctuality  was  their  perfection. 

Though  his  features  were  severely  cast  in  dark  complexion,  and  the 
eyes  lay  far  beneath  a  shaggy  brow,  his  whole  expression  was  made  gentle 
by  the  soul  of  love  to  God  and  man  that  shone  through  deed  and  speech. 
Feeling  assured,  after  years  of  study  of  his  life,  that  such  equanimity  under 
college  tests  was  a  marvel  of  divine  grace,  I  asked  him  if  in  his  childhood 
he  had  not  been  particularly  irascible  and  violent.  The  question  surprised 
him,  but,  knowing  well  the  inquirer's  love,  he  tearfully  owned  the  conjec- 
ture to  be  right. 

After  the  interval  of  thirty-four  years,  this  godly  and  diligent  man's 


THE   MINISTEY.  227 

picture  is  vividly  before  nic,  as  a  joy  and  a  profit  to  remember.  He  was  an 
exemplary  Christian  among  heedless  lads,  and  the  largest  concession  Init 
one  that  he  ever  made  to  the  infirmity  of  peccant  boyhood  was  to  witness 
some  of  the  milder  doings  with  hand-covered  mouth  and  twinkling  eye. 

"  For  when  he  gazed  upon  the  festive  train, 
It  was  but  as  some  melancholy  star 
Beholds  the  dance  of  shepherds  on  the  plain. 
In  its  bright  stillness  present,  though  afar." 

That  one  other  momentary  and  unparalleled  yielding  lodged  him  the 
deeper  in  every  heart,  and  its  occurrence  was  thus :  Morning  duties  were 
over,  and  the  class  was  sauntering  homeward  down  the  Campus  on  an 
exhilarating  tune  in  early  May,  when  it  occurred  to  a  merry  son  of  a  clergy- 
man to  spring  upon  the  back  of  dear  old  Isaac  for  a  ride  I  Who,  of  all 
present,  was  most  astounded  it  were  difiicult  to  say — the  whole  thing  was 
electric — but  another  moment  showed  that  the  gravest  blood  had  felt  the 
genial  fires  of  spring.  If  we  could  trust  our  own  eyes,  the  young  rider 
had  been  cunningly  dismounted,  and  was  swiftly  pursuing  a  figure  no  one 
would  have  dared  atfinn  to,  until  the  drollery  culminated  in  the  merry 
madcap's  halting,  with  an  index-finger  shout,  "  The  wicked  flee,  when  no 
man  pursueth." 

Had  you  space,  I  would  gladly  say  more  of  this  confessedly  exceptional 
man.  There  was  no  indolence  in  Stryker.  "When  not  using  his  working 
hours  in  study  or  Bible-reading,  or  prayer,  or  sacred  music,  of  which  he 
was  practically  fond  at  home,  he  was  at  exercise  or  good  works.  All  that 
a  diligent  employment  of  the  powers  God  has  bestowed  would  effect, 
Stryker  meant  to  do  and  be  ;  and,  w^herever  a  prayerful  life  of  labor  could 
be  fruitful  of  good  to  others,  he  was  sure  of  usefulness. 

When  I  last  saw  him  in  life,  he  was  moving  seaward  from  a  Boston 
wharf,  on  his  errand  of  good  news  to  the  pagan,  signalling  back  his  love 
so  long  as  a  kerchief  could  be  seen.  It  has  been  my  privilege,  since,  to 
care  lovingly  for  his  Indian  grave,  with  many  a  tender  memory  of  one  ot 
the  most  guileless  of  men. 

Ilis  death  was  a  sad  surprise.  At  the  end  of  his  year  in  Java  he  was 
in  health,  and  rejoicing  in  the  proffer  of  a  free  passage  to  Singapore 
under  the  American  flag  of  a  merchantman.  Embarking  in  good  spirits, 
he  looked  reasonably  forward  to  engagement  in  the  field  of  allotment,  but 
an  attack  of  fever  during  the  short  passage  was  so  swiftly  fatal  that,  on  the 
vessel's  arrival,  his  former  friend  at  New-Brunswick,  B.  P.  Keasberry, 
found  the  signet  of  death  on  that  pure  man's  brow. 

Stryker  lies  in  a  pleasant  morning-side  cemetery  at  Singapore,  "  with 
his  feet  to  the  foe,"  and  the  resting-place  marked  by  the  beautiful  obelisk- 
gift  of  a  few  of  "  the  Class  of  '37." 

The  church  of  Harlingen  may  well  enshrine  his  name  in  honor,  with 
that  of  his  much-loved  Father  Labagh. —  W.  II.  S. 

Stryker,  Peter,  b.  1761  in  N.Y.C.,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  the 
Synod  of  R.D.  Chs.  1788,  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  Sept.  15th,  1788-Aug. 


228  THE   MINISTRY. 

19th,  '90,  Staten  Island,  1790-4,  Belleville,  1794-1809,  also  S.S.at  Stone 

House  Plains,  1801-9,  (Amboy,  Presbyt.)  1809-10,  Belleville  and  Stone 

House  Plains,  1810-12,  Miss,  to  Berne,  1828-9,  d.  1847. 

For  many  years  he  was  the  oldest  minister  in  the  Reformed  Dutch 

Church  in  America.     His  ancestors  were  of  Holland  extraction,  and  it  was 

his  delight  to  talk  and  preach  in  the  Dutch  language.     This  he  did,  not 

only  with  fluency,  but  also  with  great  purity  for  one  born  in  this  country. 

He  always  spelled  his  name  Strijker,  and  frequently  called  attention  to  the 

fact  that  this  was  a  common  Dutch  word  signifying  a  stroker,  applied 

originally,  no  doubt,  to  one  dexterous  in  striking  oflF  measures  of  grain. 

His  parents  were  pious  people,  and,  influenced  by  their  example,  prayers, 
and  precepts,  he  early  became  a  disciple  of  Christ. 

During  the  American  Revolution,  when  he  was  a  lad,  his  family  left  the 
■city  of  New-York,  and  sojourned  for  a  few  years  at  Millstone,  N.J.  Having 
been  well  instructed,  as  there  was  a  scarcity  of  teachers,  he  was  induced, 
at  the  early  age  of  seventeen,  to  take  charge  of  the  common  school  in  that 
district.  His  letters,  written  at  this  period,  and  addressed  to  his  relatives, 
are  full  of  pious  expressions,  evincing  great  love  for  God,  and  a  desire  for 
the  salvation  of  souls.  Subsequently  he  completed  his  clerical  studies  at 
the  Hackensack  Academy,  under  the  supervision  of  that  eminent  Christian 
scholar,  Dr.  Peter  Wilson,  an  uncle  of  his  by  marriage. 

In  1812,  very  much  debilitated  by  bodily  infirmity,  he  was  compelled 
to  resign  the  pastoral  oflSce.  He  did  not  again  resume  it.  But  having 
recovered  his  health  in  a  measure,  he  preached  as  stated  or  occasional 
supply  at  St.  Johnsville,  Stone  House  Plains,  Canastota,  and  in  other 
places,  with  great  acceptance.  He  was  not  idle,  even  when  the  sere  leaves 
were  falling.  He  loved  to  preach,  and  continued  to  do  so  down  to  a  good 
old  age. 

His  wife,  Elizabeth  Barculo,  was  a  beautiful  woman.  It  is  said,  in  early 
life,  she  had  three  suitors,  one  a  doctor,  one  a  lawyer,  the  third  a  minister. 
Her  father,  when  consulted  as  to  the  choice  she  should  make,  said,  "  My 
daughter,  these  are  all  promising  young  men,  and  either  would  probably 
make  you  a  good  husband,  but  my  advice  is,  that  you  marry  the  minister." 
This  coincided  with  her  own  feelings,  and,  turning  from  wealth  and  position, 
she  cast  in  her  lot  with  the  poor  clergyman,  and  a  most  suitable  com- 
panion did  she  prove  to  him. 

There  are  many  who  well  remember  this  venerable  patriarch.  His  hair, 
white  as  snow,  hung  in  silken  locks  upon  his  bending  shoulders.  His 
eye  sparkled  with  life  even  to  the  last.  His  step  was  elastic,  his  voice 
musical.  The  very  touch  of  his  hand  was  inspiring.  He  was  remarkably 
social,  and,  with  his  inexhaustible  fund  of  anecdote,  was  the  hfe  of  every 
company  in  which  he  moved. 

His  usual  mode  of  preaching  was  from  a  full  analysis.  This  he  com- 
mitted to  memory.  Before  speaking  he  spent  some  time  in  meditating 
upon  his  subject,  and  then  committing  himself  to  the  Lord  with  holy  con- 
fidence, he  carried  the  divine  message  to  the  people.     He  never  used  a 


THE   MINISTRY.  229 

manuscript  in  tho  pulpit.  It  was  common  for  him,  in  his  old  age,  to  say, 
"  Ministers  nowailays  read  very  well,  but  they  do  not  preach." 

A  friend  in  the  Methodist  ministry,  himself  now  quite  advanced  in  life, 
said  recently  to  the  writer  of  this  sketch,  "I  well  remember  your  grand- 
father in  his  palmy  days.  lie  was  a  powerful  preacher.  In  my  judg- 
ment, very  few  men  could  excel  him  in  fine  thought  and  eloquent  ex- 
pression. His  preaching  was  plain,  practical,  pungent.  lie  was  a  real 
orator." 

lie  was  also  a  good  man,  humbly  relying  upon  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ 
for  his  salvation.  In  his  old  age,  he  once  said  to  a  near  relative,  "  I  feel  I 
am  a  sinner,  but  one  saved  by  grace.  For  the  last  four  years  I  have  not 
been  troubled  with  a  doubt  of  my  acceptance  with  God  through  Christ, 
my  Saviour."     "When  approaching  his  end,   he  exclaimed,   in   Christian 

triumph : 

"  O  glorious  hour  !  0  blest  abode  ! 
I  shall  be  near  and  like  my  Gk)d, 
And  sin  and  sense  no  more  control 
The  inward  pleasures  of  the  soul."  P.  S. 

Stryker,  Peter,  (s.  of  H.  B.  Stryker,)  R.C.  1845,  KB.S.  1848,  1.  CI.  N.B. 
1848  ;  Raritan  3d,  1848-51,  Rhinebeck,  1851-56,  Broome  St.  after  ISGO, 
Thirty-fourth  St.  N.Y.C.  185G-G8,  (Philadelphia,  Presbyt.)  18G8— 

Studdiford,  Peter,  b.  17G3  in  N.Y.C,  C.C.  1786,  studied  under  Livingston, 
1.  by  the  Christian  Synod  of  R.  D.  Churches,  1787 ;  Readington  and 
Bedminster,  1787-1800,  Readington,  1800-26,  d.  Also  appointed  Prof, 
of  Hebrew,  in  1812. 

Possessing  large  views  of  divine  truth,  and  a  rich  store  of  various 
knowledge,  he  was  ready,  instructive,  and  forcible  in  his  preaching.  He 
loved  his  work,  and  shrank  not  from  effort  in  its  performance.  He  was  a 
faithful  and  affectionate  pastor,  a  patriotic  citizen,  and  a  humble,  devout, 
and  liberal-minded  Christian.  He  excelled  as  an  extemporaneous  preacher, 
transcending  himself,  when  suddenly  called  on  to  take  the  place  of  some 
absentee.  These  efforts  had  all  of  the  finish,  and  more  than  the  force,  of 
an  elaborate  preparation. 

Studdiford,  Peter  A.  (s.  of  Rev.  P.  0.  Studdiford,)  C.N.J.  1849,  P.S.  1855, 
(MUford,  N.J.  1855-9,)  Belleville,  1859-66.— Pm&y«. 

Sturges,  Smith,  "Whitehouse,  1858-63. 

Suckow,  C.F.C.  student  in  N.B.S.  1870. 

[Suther,  Samuel,  b.  in  Switzerland,  1722,  ordained  in  Philadelphia,  1768  ? 

Mecklenburg  Co.  N.C.  1768-71,  Guilford,  N.C.  1771-84,  Mecklenburg, 

1782-G,  Orangeburg,  S.C.  1786-8,  d.] 

His  father  started  to  America  with  his  family  in  1738,  but  all  exc2pt 
Samuel  perished  on  the  way.  His  father  and  two  sisters  died  on  the  shores 
of  England,  where  the  ship  had  put  in  for  repairs  from  a  gale.  On  the 
passage  over  they  encountered  thirteen  severe  storms,  during  four  months. 


230  '  THE   MINISTRY. 

andat  length,  on  the  coast  of  Virginia,  the  last  storm  proved  fatal  to  most  of 
the  parties  on  board.  Tw-o  hundred  and  twenty  perished.  Samuel  was 
brought  to  the  shore  almost  lifeless.  He  organized  most,  if  not  all,  of 
the  German  Churches  in  Guilford  and  Orange  Cos.,  N.O.] 

SuTPHEN,  David  S.  R.C.  1864,  N.B.S.  1807,  1.  CI.  Raritan,  1867;  New 
Utrecht,  1807— 

SuYDAM,  J.  Howard,  R.C.  1854,  N.B.S.  1857,1.  S.  CI.  L.I.  1857;  Fishkill 
Landing,  1857-62,  Philadelphia  1st,  1862-8,  Jersey  City  3d,  1868— 

Swain,  Geo.  R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  1866,  1.  S.  CI.  L.L  1866;  Middlebush, 
1866-8,  Freehold  1st,  1868— 

Swartz, ,  student  in  N.B.S.  d.  1830. 

Swartwout,  John,  student  in  N.B.S.  d.  1815. 

SwicK,  Minor,  R.C.  1858,  N.B.S.  1861,  1.  CI.  Geneva,  1861 ;  Stuyvesant 

Falls,  1861-4,  Wawarsing,  1864— 

SwiTZ,  Ab.  J.  U.C.  1817,  N.B.S.  1820,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1820  ;  Miss,  in  Classis 
of  Montgomery,  1821,  to  Westerlo  and  Oakhill,  1822,  to  Athol,  Johns- 
burgh,  Caldwell,  and  Warren,  1822 ;  Schaghticoke  and  Tyashoke, 
1823-9,  Wawarsing,  1829-85,  Glenville  2d,  1837-42,  w.  c. 

Talmage,  Goyn,  R.C.  1842,  N.B.S.  1845,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1845  ;  Rockaway, 
1845-51,  Niskayuna,  1851-5,  Green  Point,  1855-62,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  Dom. 
Missions,  1862-7,  Rhinebeck,  1807— 

Talmage,  Jas.  R.  C.N.J....,  N.B.S.  1829,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1829;  Miss,  to 
Pottsville,  Pa,  1829-31,  Jersey  City,  1831-3,  Pompton  Plains,  1833-0, 
Blawenburgh,  1837-49,  Athens,  1849-50,  Brooklyn,  Middle,  1850-2, 
Greenbush,  1852-60,  Chittenango,  1860— 

Talmage,  John  V.  N.  R.C.  1842,  N.B.S.  1845,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1845  ; 
S.S.  Central  Ch.  Brooklyn,  1845-0,  at.  Middle  Ch.  Brooklyn,  1840,  voy- 
age to  China,  Apr. -Aug.  1847,  Amoy,  1847-9,  voyage  to  America,  Mar. 
-Aug.  1849,  in  America,  1849-50,  voyage  to  China,  March-July,  1850, 
Amoy,  1850-02,  voyage  to  America,  April-Aug.  1802,  in  America, 
1802-5,  voyage  to  China,  Apr. -June,  1865,  Amoy,  1805 — 

Talmage,  Peter  Stryker,  (s.  of  Rev.  Jehiel  Talmage,)  J.C.  1845,  P.S. 
1848,  1.  Presbyt.  1848 ;  (Malta,  1848-54,)  Stone  House  Plains,  1854-65, 
also  S.S.  Frankhn,  1855-9,  Philadelphia,  Bethune  Ch.  1868- 

Talmage,  Thos.  A.     R.C.  1857,  N.B.S.  1860,  d.  1861. 

Talmage,  T.  De  Witt,  N.Y.U.  1853,  N.B.S.  1856,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1856 ;  Belle- 
ville, 1856-9,  Syracuse,  1859-62,  Philadelphia  2d,  1862-9,  (Brooklyn 
Presbyt.)  1869— 

Tarbell,  John  G.  N.B.S.  1825,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1825;  Miss,  to  Montville, 
1826,  to  Berne,  1826,  Stone  House  Plains,  1827-8,  Sand  Beach,  1830-2, 
Caroline,  1834-40,  w.  c. 


TUE   MINISTRY.  '  231 

Tasschcmacher,  Pctrns,  University  of  Utrecht,  Kinpjston,  1070-7,  Dutch 
Guiana,  S.A.  1077-8,  New-Amstel,  1079-80,  suppUed  Staten  Island  occa- 
sionally, 1082-3,  Sclicncctad}',  108-1-90,  d. 

He  was  a  native  of  Holland.  lie  had  been  supplying  Kingston  for  some 
time  in  1070,  when  the  people  petitioned  to  have  him  regularly  appointed. 
lie  was  slain  in  the  Indian  massacre  of  Schenectady,  Feb.  8th,  1090.  The 
French  were  seeking  to  gain  control  of  the  Indian  trade,  and  had  carefully 
planned  the  capture  of  Albany  and  New- York  from  the  English,  the  year 
before.  The  plan  was  not  wholly  carried  out,  but  a  i)arty  of  French  and 
Indians  left  Montreal,  and,  proceeding  by  the  way  of  Lake  Champlain,  in- 
tended attacking  Albany.  But  the  Indian  chiefs  not  consenting,  they 
turned  off  toward  Schenectady.  They  gave  orders  that  Tasschemachcr's 
life  should  be  saved,  on  account  of  the  information  they  could  obtain  from 
him.  But  his  house  was  not  known,  and  before  he  could  be  personally 
recognized,  he  was  slain,  and  his  house  and  papers  burned.  His  head  was 
cloven  open,  and  his  body  burned  to  the  shoulder  blades.  This  took  place 
on  a  Saturday  night  at  midnight.     Sixty  persons  lost  their  lives. 

T.SYLOU,  Andrew  B.  R.C.  1839,  N.B.S.  1842,  I.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1842 ; 
supplied  Allegan,  18-42-3,  supplied  Grand  Rapids,  1843-8,  Macon  and 
Ridgeway,  1848-52,  (also  supphed  Congreg.  Ch.  at  Raisin,)  Irvington, 
1852-5,  English  Neighborhood,  1855 — 

Taylor,  Benj,  C.  (son-in-law  of  Rev.  J.  V.  C.  Romeyn,)  C.N.J.  1819, 
N.B.S.  1822,  I.  CI.  N.B.  1822;  Greenbush  and  Blooming  Grove,  1822-5, 
Aquackononck,  1825-8,  Bergen,  1828— 

(Taylor,  H.     S.S.  Ghittenango,  1829-30.) 

Taylor,  "Wesley,  R.C.  1847,  N.B.S.  1850,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1850 ;  Samson- 
ville,  1851-2,  North-Esopus,  and  Kleyn  Esopus,  1853-4,  1858,  susp. 

Taylor,  Wm.  J.  R.  (s.  of  Benj.  C.  Taylor,)  R.C.  1841,  N.B.S.  1844,  1.  CI. 
Bergen,  1844;  New-Durham,  1841-0,  Van  Yorst  1st,  (Jersey  City  2d.) 
1840-9,  Schenectady,  1849-52,  Jersey  City  3d,  1852-4,  Philadelphia 
3d,  1854-62,  Cor.  Sec.  Am.  Bible  Soc.  1802— 

Teller,  Jas.  II.,  from  Presbyt.  of  Washington ;  Miss,  in  Ludlow  and  Or- 
chard Sts.  N.Y.C.  1820-9,  d.  1830. 

[Templeman,  Conrad,  b.  1087,  unlicensed;  in  Lancaster  Co.  1727-00,  or- 
dained by  direction  of  the  Holland  Synod,  1752,  d.  1701. 
He  was  urged  by  the  people  to  teach  and  preach  to  them,  since  they 
were  destitute  of  any  minister.  When  Schlatter  arrived,  as  an  agent  of 
Classis,  he  offered  to  resign  to  a  regular  minister,  if  one  were  sent.  lie 
was  blind  for  the  last  few  years  of  his  life,  yet  continued  to  preach.  The 
records  of  his  church  .show  him  to  have  been  an  eminently  pious  man,  and 
faithful  minister. 

Ten  Eyck,  Conrad,  studied  under  D.  Romeyn  ;  Amsterdam,  Fonda's  Bush, 
(New-Harlem,)  and  Mayfield,  1799-1803,  Yeddersburg,  New-Uarlem,  and 


232  "  THE  MINISTET. 

Mayfield,  1803-4,  New-Harlem  and  Mayfield,  1804-12,  Aurelius,  Owasco 
and  Owasco  Outlet,  (or  Sand  Beach,)  1812-27,  w.  c.  1827-183. . 

Ten  Etck,  Jas.  B.     U.C.  1818,  N.B.S.    1821,    1.  CI.   N.B.   1821 ;  Berea, 

1823— 
Ten  Etck,  Wm.  H.     N.B.S.  1848,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1848  ;  Hyde  Park,  1848-53, 

Astoria,  1853 — 
Terhune,  Edward  P.    R.C.  1850,  N.B.S.  1854,  (in  Virginia Presbyt.) 

1854-9,  Newark  1st  1859— 
Te  Winkle,  J.  W.     H.C.  1866,  student  of  Theology  at  Holland,  Mich., 

1869. 
[Theus, ,  from  Switzerland,  ordained  by  the  Presbyts.  1739.     Conga- 

ree,  S.C.  etc.  1739-75,  and  perhaps  longer.] 

Thompson,  Ab.  R.C.  1857,  N.B.S.  1861, 1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1861 ;  Miss,  at 
Pella,  1862-8,  Pella,  1868— 

Thompson,  Alex.  R.  II.N.Y.  1842,  P.S.  1845,  1.  2d  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1845 ; 
asst.  to  Dr.  Broadhead,  Central  Ch.  Brooklyn,  1845,  (asst.  to  Dr.  Thos. 
Macauley  in  Astor  Place  Presbyt.  Ch.  N.Y.  1845,  Morristown,  N.J.  Pres- 
byt. 1846-7,)  Miss,  at  Bedford,  Brooklyn,  1847-8,  Tompkinsville,1848-51, 
Stapleton,  1851-9,  (supplied  South  Cong.  Ch.  Bridgeport,  Ct.  1859-62,) 
N.Y.C.  21st  St.  1862— 

Thompson,  D.  R.     Fort  Miller,  1833. 

Thompson,  Fred.  B.  b.  1810,  R.C.  1831,  N.B.S.  1834,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1834; 
Upper  Red  Hook,  1834-6,  voyage  to  Singapore,   May-Sept.  1838,   Ka- 

rangan,  Borneo,  1842-7,  voyage  to  Europe, 1 848,  d.  1849. 

Ill  health  compelled  him  to  visit  Singapore  in  1847,  but  while  there  he 
was  taken  with  hemorrhage  of  the  lungs,  which  forbade  further  labors.  He 
then  took  his  motherless  little  daughter,  Emma,  to  Switzerland,  to  place 
her  with  her  relatives  there.  After  the  loss  of  his  first  wife,  (Nov.  1839,) 
he  married  a  Miss  Combe,  (Dec.  1840,)  a  Swiss  teacher,  in  the  East,  who 
also  after  a  few  years  died,  (Dec.  1844.)  His  own  health  was  much  enfeebled 
when  he  arrived  in  Switzerland.  He  resolved  to  spend  the  winter  of  1848- 
9  with  his  mother-in-law,  at  her  home.  He  faithfully  followed  the  advice 
of  his  physicians  and  was  benefited  ;  but,  attending  a  communion  service 
on  Christmas  day,  he  caught  more  cold,  (as  the  churches  in  Switzerland  are 
not  warmed,)  which  increased  his  suffering.  He  felt  that  his  end  was  draw- 
ing near.  In  his  delirium  the  cause  of  missions  w^as  ever  uppermost  in  his 
mind.  With  submission,  patience,  and  in  holy  meditation  he  passed  the 
early  months  of  the  year,  and  died  on  April  3d,  1849.  An  interesting  letter 
of  his  condition  and  exercises  during  his  winter  at  Berne,  written  by  his 
mother-in-law,  may  be  seen  in  Tlie  Christian  Intelligencer,  l^&j  Bl&t,  1849. 

Thompson,  Henry  P.  R.C.  1854,  N.B.S.  1857,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1857 ; 
Peapack,  1857 — 


THE  in^nsTRT.  233 

THOJrpsox,  John  B.  R.C.  1851,  N.B.S.  1858,  1.  CI.  Philadclrhia,1858 ;  Resi- 
dent Licentiate  at  New-Brunswick,  1858-9,  Metuchcn,  1859-CG,  Tarry- 
town,  18tiO — 

Thompson,  Wm.  J.  b.  at  Readington,  X.J.  1812,  R.C.  1834,  N.B.S.  1841, 
1.  CI.  N.B.  1841;  Ponds  and  Wyckoff,  1842-5,  Rector  of  Grammar 
Scbool,  at  N.B.  1845-03,  Prin.  of  Classical  Institute,  Soraerville,  1865-7,  d. 
"When  four  years  of  age  he  suffered  from  paralj'sis  which  left  his  right 
arm  and  side  to  a  great  degree  helpless  ever  after.  Owing  to  this  physical 
infirmity,  he  was  stimulated  to  improve  to  the  utmost  the  limited  advanta- 
ges of  education  which  were  afforded  him.  At  sixteen  years  of  age  he  be- 
gan to  exercise  the  vocation  of  a  teacher,  in  the  public  school  of  the  neigh- 
borhood whore  his  parents  resided.  Soon,  however,  he  formed  the  resolu- 
tion to  prepare  himself  for  a  higher  sphere  of  usefulness,  and,  as  soon  as 
the  necessary  funds  could  be  obtained,  began  his  preparation  for  college 
under  the  direction  of  that  excellent  classical  teacher,  John  Walsh,  then 
located  at  Somerville,  N.  J.  Three  months  before  graduating  he  was  invit- 
ed to  succeed  his  former  teacher,  in  the  charge  of  the  classical  school  at 
Somerville,  which,  with  the  assurance  of  the  faculty  of  the  college  that  he 
should  graduate  with  his  class,  he  accepted.  Here,  as  also  at  Millstone, 
where  he  afterwards  taught,  he  gained  an  enviable  reputation  for  thorough- 
ness as  a  scholar  and  teacher,  and  formed  friendships  which  were  con- 
tinued to  the  end  of  life. 

"While  at  Millstone,  in  1837,  he  became  a  subject  of  divine  grace,  and 
immediately  after  began  his  preparations  for  the  gospel  ministrj'.  As  a 
preacher,  he  was  characterized  as  having  clear  conceptions  of  truth,  logical 
accuracy  of  statement,  and  vigorous  thought,  expressed  in  no  commonplace 
words  or  phrases  ;  but  he  was  almost  entirely  destitute  of  imagination,  or 
of  the  graces  of  oratory.  He  labored  but  a  little  more  than  three  years  as 
a  pastor,  when  he  was  called  to  the  charge  of  the  Grammar  School,  at  New- 
Brunswick.  Here,  as  an  instructor  and  trainer  of  youth,  the  great  work  of 
his  life  was  performed. 

His  great  success  as  a  teacher  arose  from  his  own  clear  conceptions  of 
what  he  taught,  and  from  his  unalterable  determination  that  his  pupils 
should  not  only  comprehend,  but,  by  incessant  drilling,  become  familiar 
with  that  which  was  the  subject  of  their  study.  x\s  an  instructor  he  at- 
tained large  success,  and  still  lives  in  the  efficient  work  of  many  who  de- 
light to  attribute  their  success  in  life  to  the  early  training  and  mental  dis- 
cipline which  they  received  when  under  his  instruction. 

Thompson,  William,  b.  1813,  R.C.  1841,  N.B.S.  1844, 1.  CI.  N.B.  1844  ;  Stone 

House  Plains,  1845-6,  d. 

"With  self-denial  and  perseverance,  he  had  prepared  himself  for  the 
ministry,  and  entered  upon  his  work  with  high  anticipations  and  flatter- 
ing pros2)ects.  Deep  sincerity  and  earnestness  characterized  his  labors. 
Prompt  in  the  performance  of  every  pastoral  duty,  careful  in  his  prepara- 
tions, and  ardent  in  his  devotional  feelings,  he  was  well  qualified  to  do  the 


234  THE   MINISTRT. 

work  of  an  evangelist.     But  the  Master  called  him  before  he  had  hardly- 
entered  on  his  labors. 

Timlow,  Heman  R.  C.N.J.  1852;  from  Presbyt.  Londonderry,  Mass. 
Rhinebeck,  1860-6,  Brighton,  S.I.  1866-8,  w.  c. 

[Toberwiller, ,  South-Carolina  and  Georgia,  1737-8.] 

Todd,  Aug.  F.  R.O.  1855,  N.B.S.  1858,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1858;  Athens,  Pa., 
1858-65,  Piermont,  1865— 

Todd,  John  Adams,  R.C.  1845,  N.B.S.  1848, 1.  CI.  N.B.  1848;  Griggstown, 
1848-55,  Tarrytown  2d,  1855— 

Toll,  John  C.  U.C.  1799,  studied  under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  Albanj-,  1801; 
Canajoharie,  Middletown,  Mapletown,  Westerlo,  (and  Bowman's  Kill?) 
1803-15,  MiddletownandTVesterlo,  1815-22,  suspended,  seceded,  [Wes- 
terlo and  Middletown,  Sec.  1822-5,  these  united  churches  were  then  call- 
ed Canajoharie,]  1825-42,  d.  1848. 

Tomb,  T.  S.  L.  Wynantskill,  1865— 

[Torsihius,  P.  H.  In  Lehigh  Co.  Pa.  1740.  Possibly  the  same  as  G.  H. 
Dorstius.] 

[Troldeiner,  George,  b.  in  Upper  Saxony,  1754,  studied  at  Bremen,  came  to 
America,  1786,  York,  Pa.  1786-91,  supplied  Gettysburgh,  1790-1,  Balti- 
more, 1791-1800,  d] 

Turner,  Jas.     1863. 

Turner,  Wm.  E.  R.C.  1838,  N.B.S.  1841, 1.  CI.  N.B.  1841  ;  Arcadia,  1841- 
8,  Roxbury,  1850-62,  Arcadia,  1862-6,  w.  c.  Grahamville  and  S.S.  at 
Upper  Neversink,  1867 — 

UiTERWYK,  Henky,     R.C  1862,  N.B.S.  1866, 1.  CI.  Holland,  1866  ;  Holland 

Ch.  N.Y.C.  1866-8.... 
[Ursinus,  Zechariab,  b.  July  18th,  1534.] 

He  and  Olevianus,  (the  authors  of  the  Heidelberg  Catechism,)  belonged  to 
the  second  generation  of  Reformers,  and  when  the  earlier  conflicts  of  the  Re- 
formation began  to  assume  a  more  steady  character — when  less  of  the  destruc- 
tive, and  more  of  the  formative,  was  needed  to  carry  on  the  great  work.  Ur- 
sinus' fiither  was  a  deacon  or  assistant  preacher  in  the  Magdalen  Church  in 
Breslau.  The  family  name  was  Bear,  which  was  latinized  to  Ursinus.  Pos- 
sessed of  a  strong  constitution,  superior  talents,  an  ardent  desire  for  know- 
ledge, he  eagerly  availed  himself  of  every  opportunity.  He  was  very  fond  of 
mathematics  and  philosophjr.  At  the  age  of  sixteen,  he  entered  the  University 
of  "Wittenberg,  and  became  the  pupil  of  Melancthon,  continuing  there  seven 
years.  The  high  estimation  in  which  he  was  held  is  evident  from  the  fact 
that  Breslau,  his  native  town,  furnished  him  with  funds  to  travel  and  visit 
the  principal  universities  of  Europe — Heidelberg,  Strasburg,  Basil,  Zurich, 
Lausanne,  Geneva,  and  Paris.  He  thus  became  acquainted  with  the  chief 
leaders  of  the  Reformation.    In  1558  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of  theology 


THE   MIXISTRY.  235 

in  the  Gymnasium  at  Brcslau,  and  for  a  time  gave  great  satisfaction.  But 
soon  lie  was  suspected  of  entertiiinin^  Oalviiiislic  views  of  tlie  Lord's  Sup- 
per, lie  was  using  at  the  time  the  text-book  of  Melancthon  on  that  sub- 
ject. Ursinus  now  published  a  book  on  the  subject  which  Melancthon  cor- 
dially indorsed.  But  the  latter  was  also  suspected.  The  clergy  therefore 
turned  against  Ursinus,  though  he  was  far  more  profoundly  versed  in  the 
subject  than  they,  and  should  have  been  moulded  by  him.  lie  returned 
from  the  contention,  excited,  to  Zurich,  1560.  Here  he  found  acquaintan- 
ces, whom  he  had  before  made,  with  whom  he  entered  into  warmest  friend- 
ship, and  upon  the  recommendation  of  Peter  Martyr,  he  was  appointed  by 
the  pious  Frederick  III.  Professor  of  Philosophy  and  Theology. 

He  preached  for  half  a  dozen  years  also  in  Heidelberg,  but  then  devoted 
hioiself  exclusively  to  teaching.  He  wished  to  live,  as  he  declared,  for  the 
sole  service  of  his  Saviour.  His  Christian  life  was  a  cheerful  confidence  of 
unconditional  dependence  on  God,  and  a  real  gratitude  for  the  experience  of 
his  grace.  His  pupils  loved  him.  The  high  Lutheran  zeal,  which  animated 
that  portion  of  the  church,  sent  the  church  of  the  Palatinate,  where  Ursi- 
nus now  lived,  the  more  rapidly  into  the  bosom  of  the  Reformed  faith. 
The  ilelancthonian  type  here  prevailed.  Frederick  III.  felt  that  he  must 
have  a  symbol  of  faith  which  should  avoid  the  extremes  of  the  opposite 
schools,  and  embody  the  excellences  of  both.  The  work  was  committed  to 
Ursinus  and  Olevianus.  The  Heidelbsrg  Catechism  is  called  the  flower  and 
fruit  of  the  German  Reformation.  It  is  sjnritual,  clear,  simple,  and  decid- 
ed, unlike  any  other,  yet  not  dogmatic.  He  was  at  this  time  but  twenty- 
eight  years  of  age. 

In  1576,  with  the  death  of  Prince  Frederick,  his  son  Louis  being  a  strict 
Lutheran,  Ursinus  was  compelled  to  leave  Heidelberg.  But  he  was  soon 
called  by  the  second  son  of  Frederick,  namely  John  Casimer,  to  the  newly 
established  reformed  theological  school  in  Neustadt,  -which  speedily  flour- 
ished under  his  care,  (1578.)  He  died  March  6,  1583.  His  works  were  pub- 
lished in  three  volumes. — See  HarhaugKs  Lives,  Von  AljJoi's  Hist,  of  ITeid. 
Cat.  transl.  by  Berg,  and  the  Tercenteiiary  Edition  of  Catechism. 

[Talk ,  In  Georgia,  1739.] 

Van  Aken,  Exoch,  R.C.  1830,  N.B.S.  and  P.S.  1833;  1.  Presbyt.  N.B.  1833  ; 
Kinderhook,  1834-5,  Bloomingdale,  1835— 

Van  Aken,  Gulick,  N.Y.U.  1861,  U.S.  1864,  Southwark,  1st  Presbyt.  (Phil- 
adelphia,) 1864-7,  Freehold  2d  1867— 

Van  Amburgh,  Robt.  R.C.  1837,  N.B.S.  1840,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsic,  1840  ; 
Lebanon,  1840-8,  (Fordham,  1848-53,  Presbyt.)  Lebanon,  1853— 

Van  Arsdale,  Cor.  C.  R.C.  1828,  N.B.S.  1831  ;  supplied  South  Ch. 
Brooklyn,  1840-1,  Philadelphia  1st,  1841-9,  Greenwich,  N.Y.C.  1852-4, 
d.  1856. 

Van  Arsdale,  Jacob  R.  R.C.  1830,  N.B.S.  1833,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1833 ;  Berne 
2d  1834-5,  Mt.  Pleasant,  (Stanton,)  1835-50,  Tyre,  1850-64,  w.  c— 


236  TBTE   mNISTRT. 

Vah  ArsDale,  Nathaniel  H.  R.C.  18G4,  N.B.S.  1867,  1.  CI.  N.B.  18G7; 
Clove,  1867— 

Van  Arsdale,  Simeon,  b.  1754,  studied  under  Livingston?  lie.  by  General 
Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,  1782,  North  Branch,  (Readington.)  1783- 
6,  d. 

Few  pastors  of  his  day  were  held  in  equal  esteem.  He  possessed  great 
power  as  a  preacher,  and  was  untiring  in  all  pastoral  service.  Of  ardent 
piety,  he  was  also  a  polished  preacher.  He  received  a  call  from  the  church 
in  New-York,  but  declined.  He  was  cut  oflF  before  his  ministry  had  hardly 
begun. 

Van  Basten, doubtful  if  ever  settled.     Jamaica,  Success,  Oyster 

Bay,  Newtown,  1739-40,  {See  Ril-er's  Annals  of  Hewtoim,  238.) 

Van  Benschoten,  Wm.  B.  R.C.  1861,  N.B.S.  1864,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1864; 
Wyckoff,  1865— 

Van  Beuren,  B.     1856-61. 

Van  Beuren,  Peter,  U.C  1802,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  1804;  Char- 
lestown  1st,  1805-1814,  Union  Village  and  Schodack,  1814-20,  sus- 
pended. 

Van  Bosen,  ....  (possibly  the  same  as  Vandenbosch,)  Kingston,  (1691-8.) 
Maff.  R.B.C.  i.  190. 

Van  Brunt,  Rutgers,  b.  N.Y.C.  1820,  Hob.  C.  1840,  N.B.S.  1848,  1.  CI.  N.B. 

1848 ;  Albany  3d,  1848-9,  supplied  Newark  2d,  1849,  (Smithtown  and 

Carmel,  Presbyt.)  1851-7,  Waterford,  and  S.S.  Schagticoke,  1857-61,  d. 

Ap.  28tb,  1863. 

Descended  from  an  ancient  line  of  Holland  ancestors,  who  were  among 
the  first  to  open  a  home  in  the  wilderness,  he  ever  felt  a  strong  attachment 
to  the  church  of  his  fathers.  He  early  developed  great  aptitude  for  mental 
acquisition,  and  received  every  advantage  of  culture.  Though  naturally 
diflSdent  and  retiring,  he  distinguished  himself  while  a  student  in  the  fields 
of  language  and  composition,  and  carried  off  the  palm  of  certain  jjrize  essays. 
The  responsibilities  and  labors  of  his  first  charge  were  too  great  for  his 
health.  In  Newark,  his  labors  were  followed  by  a  blessed  revival.  He  was 
a  man  of  powerful  intellect,  with  keen  logical  power  and  dialectic  discrimi- 
nation. He  was  a  careful  and  accurate  interpreter  of  the  Scriptures.  He 
loved  the  close  investigation  of  study  more  than  the  flourish  of  oratory  or 
imagination.  He  was  calm  and  argumentative  in  his  sermons,  not  invoking 
the  ornaments  of  rhetoric.  He  had  no  great  volume  of  voice,  nor  passion- 
ate enunciation,  and  hence  his  sermons  did  not  receive  the  credit  which 
they  merited.  He  was  one  of  the  most  godly  and  devout  of  men.  His 
faith  was  simple  as  a  child's  and  strong  as  a  martyr's.  He  did  his  duty 
faithfully,  leaving  the  issue  to  the  Lord.  The  estimation  in  which  he  was 
held  was  of  the  most  flattering  kind  ;  it  pervaded  many  denominations  and 


THE   MINISTRY.  237 

many  hearts.     His  trust  in  God  his  Saviour  conquered  all  difficulties  and 
triumphed  over  death  itself. 

Van  Bunschooten,  Elias,  b.  at  New-Hackensack,  Oct,  26th,  1Y38,  C.N.J. 
1708,  studied  theology  under  Mover,  1.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of  Ministers  and 
Elders,  1773;  Schagticoke,  1773-85,  Minisink,  Mahakeinack,  and  Wal- 
peck,  1785-7,  Clove,  N.J.  Minisink,  Walpcck,  West-town  and  Mahake- 
mack,  1787-99,  Clove  and  Mahakeinack,  1799-1812,  d.  1815,  Jan.  10th. 
(In  M.G.S.  i.  473,  he  is  said  to  have  taken  charge  of  Clove  and  AVest- 
town,  alone,  in  1797,  but  probably  an  error.) 

He  was  the  son  of  a  farmer,  Teunis  Van  Bunschooten,  of  Dutchess  Co., 
N.  Y.  The  famil}^  consisted  of  five  brothers  and  three  sisters.  None  of 
the  brothers  were  married,  but  the  sisters  married  and  furnished  many 
heirs  to  the  family.  The  estate  was  twenty  years  in  course  of  settlement, 
and  amounted  to  $60,000.  The  most  of  Elias'  life  was  spent  in  the  beau- 
tiful Kittatinny  valley,  which  extends  from  the  Delaware  to  the  Hudson.  He 
was  installed  in  his  charges  here  by  his  friend,  Domine  Hardenbcrgli,  of 
Raritan.  His  parochial  charge  extended  to  the  magnificent  length  of  fifty 
miles,  through  which  the  settlers'  axes  had  forced  a  few  rough  horse-tracks. 
There  is  a  local  tradition  that  a  certain  deacon  who  collected  his  pittance  of 
salary  at  Minisink,  defaulting  in  payment,  mortgaged  his  fiirm  to  the  Domine 
as  security.  After  he  ceased  ministering  there,  the  mortgage  was  fore- 
closed, and  t1ie  flace  icas  given  to  the  cJmrch  as  a  parsonage  /  The  church 
of  Clove  was  organized  in  the  bounds  of  his  charges  in  1787.  lie  re- 
moved to  that  place  in  1792.  lie  here  enjoyed  a  precious  revival  in  1803, 
in  which  forty-two  were  added  to  the  church.  But  after  his  death,  that 
church  was  neglected  by  its  own  denomination,  and  in  1818  became  Pres- 
byterian, and  is  now  divided  into  three  churches.  Mr,  V,  B.  selected  an 
admirable  farm  at  the  Clove — a  glen  of  great  beauty,  with  bold  and  forest- 
clad  hills,  and  rushing  mountain  streams.  Here  he  built  a  mill  and  a  com- 
modious residence,  and  increased  in  wealth,  so  that  he  left  a  farm  of  seven 
hundred  acres,  and  other  property,  to  a  favorite  nephew,  besides  his  bene- 
factions to  the  church.  His  personal  character  had  a  strong  tinge  of  eccen- 
tricity. His  frugality  sometimes  displayed  itself  in  the  most  whimsical 
forms.  He  was  temperate  in  his  habits,  taciturn  and  grave,  and  yet  com- 
nninicative  to  his  friends.  The  country  in  which  he'  lived  was  still  wild 
and  unconquered,  and  the  inhabitants  were  like  the  land.  There  was  every 
thing  to  discourage  the  minister  of  Christ.  Yet  he  labored  on,  and  his 
happy  influence  there  is  felt  to  this  day.  He  preached  extemporaneously, 
either  in  Dutch  or  English.  He  was  clear  and  distinct  in  argument,  and 
scriptural  in  matter,  and  spoke  mildly,  yet  with  an  earnest  and  holy  unc- 
tion. 

But  he  will  be  always  remembered  as  the  first  large  benefactor  of  the 
church.  He  and  Dr.  Livingston  had  been  born  not  far  from  each  other, 
had  entered  the  ministry  nearly  at  the  same  time,  and  had  always  been 
warm  friends.     "When  Dr.  L.  was  about  to  leave  the  city,  and  take  up  his 


238  THE    MINISTRY. 

residence  at  New-Brunswick,  at  great  personal  sacrifice,  he  wrote  to  his  old 
friend  a  frank  letter  suggesting  the  propriety  of  his  dedicating  a  portion  of 
his  large  estate  to  the  cause  of  education.  After  several  interviews,  the 
matter  was  decided.  He  gave  $14,640  during  his  life,  and  increased  it  to 
$17,000  by  his  will,  to  educate  "pious  young  men,  who  hope  they  have  a 
call  of  God  to  preach  the  gospel  of  Jesus  Christ."  It  was  entrustedjo  the 
care  of  the  trustees  of  Queens  (now  Rutgers)  College.  By  accumulation, 
the  fund  was  allowed  to  reach  the  sum  of  $20,000.  One  hundred  and 
twenty -five  have  been  educated  for  the  ministry  through  his  liberality,  some 
of  whom  have  gone  to  heathen  shores.  He  made  himself  a  perpetual  power 
for  good  in  the  church  and  in  the  world.  Being  dead,  he  yet  speaketh.  See 
an  admirable  sketch  of  his  life,  in  The  New-Brunsicich  Eeview,  1855,  from 
the  pen  of  Rev.  A.  W.  McClure. 

Van  Buren,  John  M.  U.C.  1835,  Aub.  S.  1839,  1.  Presbyt.  Columbia, 
1839 ;  (Mt.  Morris,  1839,  Cohoes,  1839-41,)  Fultonville,  1813-52,  New- 
Lotts,  1852— 

Van  Buren,  P.  H.  (s.  of  J.  M.  Van  Buren,)  b.  at  Fultonville,  1846,  U.N.Y. 

1864,  N.B.S.  1867,  1.  S.  CI.  L.I.  1867;  called  to  Freehold,  but  prevented 

from  settling  by  sickness,  d.  1868. 

His  religious  character  was  one  of  firm  conviction  and  steadfast  principle. 
From  early  youth  he  had  been  deeply  impressed  with  the  subject  of  reli- 
gion. He  made  a  profession  at  eighteen.  His  mind  turned  to  the  ministry 
as  his  conscientious  duty. 

His  mental  powers  had  an  early  and  rapid  development ;  he  was  a  care- 
ful student,  with  w'ell-balanced  mind,  and  acquired  knowledge  with  facility. 

His  attainments  and  his  devotion  to  the  work  upon  which  he  had  enter- 
ed, promised  great  usefulness.  He  left,  as  the  result  of  his  preparations  for 
the  pulpit,  twenty-five  sermons,  fully  prepared,  many  of  which  he  had 
preached  in  different  churches  with  much  acceptance. 

His  end  was  peace.  AYonderfuUy  was  he  sustained  through  a  long  sick- 
ness, with  a  constant  sense  of  the  divine  mercy  and  goodness.  All  appear- 
ed right,  and  was  regarded  as  being  under  the  directing  agency  of  his  Hea- 
venly Father. 

Van  Buskirk,  Peter  V.     R.C.  1866,  student  in  N.B.S. 

Van  Cleef,  Cornelius,  D.C.  1833,  N.B.S.  1826,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1826  ; 
Miss,  at  Palatine,  1826,  Miss,  at  Manayunk,  1827-8,  Athens,  1828-33, 
New-Hackensack,  1833-66,  w.  c. — 

Van  Cleef,  Paul  D.  R.C.  1843,  N.B.S.  1846,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1846;  Cox- 
sackie,  2d,  1846-9,  Van  Vorst  1st,  (Jersey  City  2d,)  1849— 

Vandewall,  Giles,  studied  in  Holland,  came  to  America  about  1852,  N.B.S. 
1856,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1856 ;  East-Millstone,  1856-8,  Miss,  in  the  West,  and 
teacher  in  Holland  Academy,  1858-61,  now  in  South-Africa. 

Vandewater,  Albertus,  C.N.J.  1846,  P.S.  1849,  1.  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1849; 


THE   MINISTRY.  239 

(Athens,  Pa.   Prcsbyt.)  1849-52,  Spottswood,  1854-07,  North-Blenheim 

and  lii-cakabin,  18G7-0,  AVolcott,  1800— 

Vander  Bosch,  Laurentius,  (same  as  Van  Boscn  ?)  Statcn  Island,  10.  .-87, 
Kingston,  1(387-89,  suspended  bj'  Solans,  and  others.  Went  to  Mary- 
land. 

Yanderlindc,  Benj.  b.  at  Pollifl}',  N.J.  1719,  1.  by  Coetus,  1748;  Paramus 

and  Ponds,  1748-89,  also  at  Saddle  River,  1784-9,  d. 

He  was  an  American  by  birth,  and  was  the  first  who  appeared  before  the 
Coetus  for  examination  in  this  country.  lie  had  written  to  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam,  and  their  reply  is  dated  Oct.  3d,  174(5,  in  which  they  permit 
him  to  be  examined  by  the  ministers,  in  Coetus  assembled,  in  the  name  of 
the  Classis.  Mr.  V.  was  a  native  of  Pollifly,  a  neighborhood  near  Ilacken- 
sack.  The  family  had  already  lived  there  a  half  a  century  before  his  birth. 
He  made  request,  in  Sept.  1747,  of  the  Coetus,  to  be  examined  the  next 
spring.  .The  request  and  the  answer  both  seem  to  manifest  the  deep  anxie- 
ty felt,  and  the  almost  doubtful  propriety  of  such  a  revolutionary  step,  as 
the  Dutch  examining  a  student  in  America,  and  not  sending  him  to  Hol- 
land. Vale,  f  atria,  was  the  language  of  the  opponents.  For  such  an  inno- 
vation would  surely  produce  defection  from  the  church  in  Holland.  Nevei*- 
theless,  he  was  examined,  and  his  call  to  Paramus,  (still  preserved  in  their 
record?,)  was  approved,  Sept.  27th,  1748.  It  is  printed  in  the  Manual  and 
Eecord  of  the  Church  of  Paramus,  1859.  This  call  has  some  special  inte- 
■rest,  in  being  the  first  call  which  did  not  go  through  the  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam, for  approval.  Beside  the  ordinary  duties,  it  stipulates  that  he  was  to 
preach  on  the  first  and  second  day  of  Christmas,  on  New  Year's  Day,  on 
the  first  and  second  day  of  Easter,  on  Ascension  Day,  on  the  first  and 
second  of  "Whitsunday,  and  on  each  of  these  days  only  once.  His  charge 
was  very  extensive.  Ramapo  was  organized  out  of  it,  in  1785,  and  a  second 
church  edifice  was  built  at  Saddle  River,  in  1784,  which  ultimatel}'  became 
an  independent  church,  (1814.)  About  a  year  before  his  death,  he  re- 
ceived, as  a  colleague.  Rev,  G.  A.  Kuypers ;  but  he  only  continued  there 
about  ten  months,  when  he  was  called  to  New-York,  and,  three  months 
after,  the  venerable  Yanderlinde  went  to  his  reward.  He  married  a  niece 
of  General  Schuyler. 

Vandermeulen,  Cor.  Zeeland,  1852-9,  Chicago,  1859-00,  Grand  Rapids, 
18G0— 

Vaxdermeulex,  Jacob  C.  R.C.  1858,  N.B.S.  1801,  1.  CI.  Holland,  1801 ; 
Holland,  Wis.  1801-3,  Polkton,  1803-4,  Kalamazoo,  1804-8,  Holland  3d, 
Mich.  1808— 

Yandermeulen,  John,  R.C.  1859,  N.B.S.  1802,  1.  CI.  Holland,  1802 ;  Mil- 
waukee, Wis.  1802— 

Vander  Scheur,  K.    Holland,  Wis.  1855-0,  Oostburgh,  185G-GG,  emeritus. 


240  THE   MI]SnSTKT. 

Vanderveen,  Christian,  R.C.  1858,  N.B.S.  1861,  1.  CI.  Holland,  1801  ; 
Grand  Haven,  1861-8,  Grand  Rapids,  1868— 

Vanderveer,  Cyrus  G.  (son  of  Ferdinand  H.  Vanderveer,)  b.  at  New-Hurley 
1835,  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1859  ;  Miss,  at  Havana,  1859,  Daven- 
port, 1859-66,  also  Chaplain  in  the  army,  1861-2,  Cor,  Sec.  Bd.  Dora, 
Miss.  1866-8,  d. 

Energetic  by  nature,  he  was  from  boyhood  2}'>'lmus  inter  pares  ;  whatever 
his  hand  found  to  do,  he  did  with  his  might.  His  home  training  was  ren- 
dered doubly  excellent  by  a  parental  intimacy  and  confidence  which  grew 
with  his  growth,  and  strengthened  with  his  strength.  At  the  age  of  seven- 
teen, he  entered  on  a  mercantile  career,  which  lasted  about  four  years. 
He  thus  acquired  business  habits,  which  gave  him  great  eflBciency.  When 
he  found  the  Saviour,  he  at  once  began  to  labor  to  bring  others  to  him. 
He  dedicated  himself  to  the  ministry.  Though  wnthout  a  collegiate  educa- 
tion, he  was  inferior  to  none  of  his  class  in  the  seminary,  in  classical  at- 
tainments. He  loved  the  Scriptures  in  their  original  tongues.  He  was  a 
remarkable  combination  of  the  scholarly  and  practical  man.  His  ser- 
mons were  always  thoughtful  and  practical,  and  his  piety  earnest  and  active. 
He  founded  the  church  at  Davenport,  Iowa,  and  he  did  not  leave  it  till  its 
success  was  insured.  He  was  also  a  warm  patriot  in  the  war,  his  patriot- 
ism being  only  inferior  to  his  piety.  Clear-headed  and  large-heai'ted,  stu- 
dious and  earnest,  a  faithful  friend,  a  zealous  servant  of  Christ,  reliable  and 
prudent  as  he  was  energetic  and  active,  he  gave  promise  of  becoming  a 
tower  of  strength  in  the  church.     But  the  Master  early  called  him  home. 

Vanderveer,  David  N.  U.C.  1864,  P.S.  1867,  1.  Presbyt.  N.B.  1867 ; 
Kingston,  1867— 

Vanderveer,  Ferdinand  H.  U.C.  1821,  N.B.S.  1823,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1823  ; 
Miss,  to  Hyde  Park,  1823,  to  Ovid,  1833,  Hyde  Park,  1823-9,  New-Hur- 
ley, 1829-39,  Newburgh,  1839-42,  Warwick,  1842— 

Vanderveer,  John,  N.B.S.  1822,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1822  ;  Miss,  to  Mapletown, 
Westerlo,  Canajoharie,  Oppenheim,  Fayette,  Ovid,  and  Union,  1823. 

Vanderveer,  Peter  L.     R.O.  1868,  student  in  N.B.S. 

Vander  Voort,  John  0.  b.  at  Bound  Brook,  179.,  Q.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  1819,  1. 
CI.  N.B.  1819  ;  (German  Valley  and  Fox  Hill,  Presbyt,  1819-28,  Basking 
Ridge,)  1828-34,    Totowa  1st,  1834-7,    Kinderhook,    1837-^2,    Mellen- 
ville,  1842-5,  New-Paltz,  1845-8,  Ghent  2d,  1848-50,  died. 
He  was  early  brought  into  the  church.     His  habits  were  eminently  devo- 
tional, prayer  seeming  to  be  his  element.      In  the  social  prayer-meetings 
there  was  a  fervor,  spirituality,  and  unction,  which  were  highly  prized,  and 
edifying  to  those  who  were  with  him  before  the  throne.     He  gave  himself 
to  his  ministerial  work  with  a  steadiness  of  purpose  and  an  active  energy. 
In  most,  if  not  all  of  his  charges,  he  enjoyed  seasons  of  refreshing  from  the 
Lord.     Love  to  the  Master,  and  compassion  to  the  souls  of  men,  were  rul- 


THE    MINISTRY.  241 

ing  affections  of  his  heart.  He  aimed  at  ilelivcring  the  whole  counsel  of 
God.  In  the  delivery  of  his  message,  there  was  an  earnestness  and  vigor 
which  arrested  attention.  He  contented  not  himself  with  merely  illustrat- 
ing truth,  but  carried  his  appeals  to  the  conscience  and  the  heart  of  his 
hearers,  with  a  pungency  and  directness  which  pursued,  and  a  tenderness 
which  molted  them.  He  was  a  wise,  fiiithful,  and  allectionatc  pastor.  By 
both  constitution  and  {jracc  he  was  well  fitted  for  sympathizing  with  others. 
He  labored  much  to  elevate  the  tone  of  piety  of  the  people,  and  dreaded,  as 
a  wasting  pestilence,  the  form  of  godliness  without  the  power.  His  last 
illness  was  protracted  and  painful,  but  he  retained  his  power,  and  exercised 
filial  submission,  and  had  not  a  doubt  to  cloud  his  prospects. 

Yandervolgen,  John  Y.    from  Chester  Assoc.  Yt.  18J:2  ;  w.  c.  1842-50,  d. 

Van  Dorex,  David  K.    N.B.S.  1867, 1.  CI.  N.B.  1807 ;  West-Hurley,  1867— 

Van  Doren,  Isaac,  studied  under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1798. 

Yan  Doken,  John  A.  R.C.  1835,  N.B.S.  1838,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1838 ;  Middle- 
bush,  1838-66,  S.S.  Clinton  Station,  1860— 

Yan  Dohen,  J.  Howard,  R.C.  1850,  N.B.S.  1864,  1.  CI.  N.B.  18G4;  voyage 
to  China,  April-June,  1805,  Amoy,  1805-8,  voyage  to  America,  1808,  in 
America,  1808 — 

Yan  Doren,  AVm.  H.  N.B.S.  1840;  Williamsburgh,':1840-9,  Piermont  2d, 
1852-3,  w.  c— 

"Yan  Doren,  Wm.  H.     R.C.  1807,  student  in  N.B.S. 

Yan  Doren,  AVm.  Theodore,  R.C.  1837,  N.B.S.  1840,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1840 ;  voy- 
age to  Borneo,  Nov.  1840-March,  '41,  Miss,  in  Batavia,  1841-2,  Wood- 
stock, N.Y.  1843-5,  (Port  Buren  Presbyt.  1845-52,)  Mott  Haven,  1852 
-3,  Ramapo,  1853-7,  South-Bend,  1857-9,  w.  c. 

Yan  Dricssen,  Johannes,  b.  1097,  1.  in  New-Haven,  1727;  Claverack, 
Kinderhook,  and  Livingston  Manor,  1727-8,  Kinderhook,  1728-35,  sup- 
plying also  New-Paltz,  1731-5,  and  Germantown ;  Aquackanonck, 
and  Pompton,  1735-48,  silenced. 

He  was  educated  in  Belgium,  but,  with  a  letter  from  Patroon  Yan  Rens- 
selaer, he  proceeded  to  Yale  College,  and  was  licensed  and  ordained  by  the 
Congregationalists.  This  fact  was  afterward  used  against  him,  it  being  de- 
clared that  he  never  belonged  to  the  Reformed  Church. 

He  was  the  first  example,  in  the  northern  section  of  the  church,  of  what 
was  deemed  irregularity  in  ordination,  which  afterward  became  the  bone  of 
contention  between  the  two  parties — the  Coetus  and  Conferentie.  He 
wished  to  avoid  the  expense  and  trouble  of  going  to  Holland  for  the  rite  of 
ordination.  The  Holland  ministry  in  America,  therefore,  denounced  him. 
He  was  associated  with  John  Ilardenbergh,  (the  father  of  Dr.  J.  R.  Ilarden- 
bergh,)  in  the  common  appellation  of  schismatic,  by  Mancius,  yet  God  gave 
him  many  fruits  to  his  ministry.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  had  also  cau- 
16 


242  THE     MINISTRY. 

tioned  the  American  Church  against  him,  so  far  as  we  know,  for  no  other 
reason  than  a  want  of  their  ordination.  Afterward,  he  was  charged,  in 
New-Jersey,  with  deception,  and  the  forgery  of  a  paper,  stating  that  he  was 
on  good  terms  with  Coetus,  when  no  reconciliation  had  taken  place.  This 
was  said  to  be  done  to  secure  a  settlement  at  Pompton  and  Fairfield,  where 
he  had  been  laboring  for  some  time  after  1748,  and  which  places  wished  to 
call  him.  But  a  difficulty  between  him  and  Coetus  caused  the  effort  to  fail. 
He  subsequently  labored  at  Poughkeepsie,  Fishkill,  and  New-Paltz,  tempo- 
rarily, in  1751. — See  Stitfs  Hist.  Ch.  New-Paltz,  ZairisJcie's  Glaverack 
Centennial. 

Van  Driessen,  Petrus,  (brother  of  the  above,)  Albany  and  Kinderhook,  1712 
-27,  Albany,  1727-38,  d.  He  supplied  Linlithgo,  1722-37  (?)  and  Sche- 
nectady, for  a  time.  He  was  also  Missionary  to  the  Indians. — Doc.  Hist- 
iii.  548-552. 

Van  Dyck,  Cor.  V.  A.  b.  at  Kinderhook,  1818 ;  voyage  to  Syria,  as  a  physi- 
'Cian,  Jan.-March,  1840,  in  charge  of  seminary  at  Abeih,  Mt.  Lebanon, 
1840-51,  at  Hasbeiya,  1851-..,  ordained  to  the  ministry,  18..,  Sidon, 
18.  .-55,  atBeirout,  engaged  on  Arabic  version  of  the  Scriptures,  1855-64, 
'visited  America,  1865-7,  returned  to  Syria,  and  engaged  in  the  publica- 
tion of  the  Arabic  Bible,  at  Beirout,  and  having  charge  of  the  medical 
department  of  Beirout  College,  1865 — 

He  was  not  a  graduate  of  any  college,  studying  the  classics  and  other 
fbranches  at  the  Kinderhook  Academy.  He  then  studied  medicine  with  his 
father,  Dr.  Henry  L.  Van  Dyck,  and  attended  a  course  of  lectures  in  Phila- 
delphia. Having  offered  his  services  to  the  American  Board,  he  was  sent 
'to  Syria  in  January,  1840,  simply  as  a  physician.  In  a  few  years  he  married 
Miss  Julia  A.  B.  Abbott,  daughter  of  a  British  consul  at  Beirout.  He  ap- 
plied himself  at  once,  on  his  arrival,  to  the  study  of  the  Arabic,  in  which 
he  made  great  proficiency.  He  was  soon  called  to  take  charge  of  a  sem- 
inary at  Abeih,  on  Mt.  Lebanon,  where  he  also  prepared  mathematical  and 
-scientific  books.  When  the  missionaries  who  accompanied  him  were  not 
yet  able  to  offer  a  prayer,  or  to  hold  services  in  Arabic,  he  could  do  both 
with  facility,  and  with  great  acceptability.  Owing  to  these  circumstances, 
and  the  necessity  of  more  missionaries,  those  present  formed  a  council  and 
•ordained  him  to  the  ministry.  Henceforth  his  medical  duties  became 
-second  to  those  of  the  missionary.  After  the  death  of  Dr.  Eli  Smith,  who 
had  been  engaged  for  about  eight  years  on  the  Arabic  version,  he  was  called 
to  Beirout  by  the  mission,  and  by  the  American  Board,  to  take  up  and 
complete  the  work  of  that  distinguished  scholar.  He  could  avail  himself  of 
the  work  of  his  predecessor  only  to  a  limited  extent,  as  there  were  certain 
3)rinciples  in  carrying  out  the  work,  which  it  was  necessary  entirely  to 
change.  He  therefore  performed  the  whole  work  anew,  with  the  exception 
of  the  Pentateuch,  giving  it  the  style  of  the  Koran.  The  American  Bible 
Society  invited  him  to  come  to  New- York  to  superintend  the  publication, 
iby  the  process  of  electrotyping,  and  after  spending  two  years  in  this  busi- 


TIIU:    MINISTRY.  243 

ness,  completing  an  edition  of  the  whole  Bible,  and  one  also  of  the  New 
Testament  with  vowel  points,  the  remainder  of  the  work  of  publication  was 
transferred  to  Syria. — L.  II.  Y.  D. 

Van  Dyke,  Hamilton,  b.  1807,  Hamilton  Col.  182G,  York  Sem.  (G.R.)  1820, 
(Chambersburgh,  lS29-n3,)  Battzville,  N.Y.  1833-G,  d. 
His  constitution  was  broken  down  by  severe  study  in  his  seminary  course. 
His  mind  was  of  the  first  order,  being  a  fine  scholar  in  language,  mathema- 
tics, philosophy,  and  music.  But  theology  was  his  special  delight.  His 
religion  was  intelligent,  humble,  and  fervent.  In  doctrine  he  was  no  extre. 
mist,  but  took  a  scriptural  medium.  He  preached  as  one  mainly  intent  on 
reaching  the  springs  of  feeling  and  action.  He  yearned  to  make  Christ 
appear  lovely,  the  soul  valuable,  eternity  important,  and  salvation  obliga- 
tory. The  success  of  his  ministry,  though  brief,  was  remarkable.  His 
habits  were  distinguished  for  accuracy,  diligence,  and  perseverance.  Ho 
analyzed  the  authors  which  he  read.  He  was  a  man  of  system,  and  adhered 
to  his  plan. 

Van  Dvck,  Leonard  H.  (brother  of  C.  V.  A.  Van  Dyck,)  A.C.  1830,  Aub.  S. 
1833,  1.  Presbyt.  Ca3-uga,  1833;  agent  in  Kentucky  for  Tract  Society, 
1833-5,  (Cairo,  Presbyt.  1835-9,  Spencertown,  Presbyt.  1839-44,)  Gilboa, 
1844-52,  Helderbergh,  1852-G,  Blooming  Grove,  1856-61,  Stone  Arabia, 
1861-r,  w.  c. 

Van  Dyck,  Leonard  B.     U.C.  1824,  N.B.S.  1827,  1.  by  Presbyt.  of  Colura 
•   bia,  1827. 

Van  Gaasbeek,  Laurentius,  University  of  Leyden,  1674,  May  15th  ;  sailed 
from  Amsterdam,  May  13th,  1678,  arriving  in  New-York,  Aug.  21st;  ar- 
rived at  Kingston,  Sept.  8th,  and  delivered  his  first  sermon  there,  Sept. 
15th.     Kingston  1678-80,  Feb. 

Van  Giesen,  Acmon  P.  U.N.Y.  1849,  N.B.S.  1852,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1852; 
Catskill,  1853-5,  Brooklyn,  1855-9,  Claverack,  1859-65,  Green  Point, 
1866-7,  Poughkeepsie,  1867— 

Van  Dyck,  C.  L.  b.  at  Kinderhook,  1804,  U.C.  1826,  N.B.S.  1829,  1.  CI. 

1829;  Marbletown,  1829-1853,  North-Esopus,  (Port  Ewen,)  1856-66,  d. 

He  was  brought  into  the  church  at  the  early  age  of  sixteen,  under  the 
pastoral  care  of  Rev.  Jacob  Sickles.  He  was  diligent,  faithful,  and  prudent, 
in  the  exercise  of  his  ministry,  in  both  his  fields  of  labor,  developing  the 
activities  and  strengthening  the  interests  of  the  churches.  He  was  pre- 
eminently devout  and  spiritually  minded,  as  his  entire  life  testified.  "When 
as  yet  a  youth,  the  other  members  of  his  father's  Aimily  as  much  dreaded 
to  incur  his  displeasure  and  rebuke  as  they  did  that  of  their  parents.  Even 
wicked  men,  while  they  feared,  loved  and  respected  him  for  his  consistent 
piety.  His  life  and  character  were  transparent.  Possessed  of  a  clear, 
sound,  and  practical  judgment,  he  was  a  wise  and  prudent  counsellor. 
While  his  words  were  free,  they  were  weighty,  the  opinion  of  no  member 


244  THE    MINISTRY. 

of  Classis  exercising  more  influence  than  his.     He  continued  to  labor  up  to 
the  last  Sabbath  of  his  life. 

Van  Harlingen,  Johannes  Martinus,  b.  near  Millstone,  1724,  C.N.J,  and  in 
a  University  in  Holland,  1.  CI.  Amsterdam,  1761  ;  Ne-Shanic  and  Sour- 
land,  1762-95,  d. 

He  was  the  son  of  Johannes  M.  Van  Harlingen,  a  native  of  Amsterdam, 
Holland,  who  came  to  this  country  when  a  young  man  and  settled  at  Har- 
lem, N.Y.,  where  he  married  Maria  Bussing,  and  afterward  removed  to 
Lawrence's  Bi'ook,  near  New-Brunswick.  After  commencing  his  theo- 
logical course  he  went  to  Holland,  for  the  double  purpose  of  obtaining  a 
more  thorough  preparation  for  the  ministry,  and  of  being  ordained  by  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam.  After  completing  his  theological  course  at  one  of 
the  Universities  of  Holland,  and  receiving  ordination,  he  returned  to 
America.  He  entered  upon  his  ministry  in  1762,  and  served  his  double 
charge  with  zeal  and  fidelity  for  thirty-three  years,  when  he  fell  asleep, 
universally  beloved  and  lamented.  He  preached  exclusively  in  Dutch 
until  toward  the  close  of  his  life,  when,  the  younger  part  of  his  charge  re- 
quiring English  sermons,  he  preached  occasionally  in  that  language.  He 
was  an  evangelical  preacher,  a  faithful  pastor,  and  a  patron  of  learning. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  original  Board  of  Trustees  of  Queen's  College,  and 
labored  for  its  first  endowment.  Dom.  Van  Harlingen  was  twice  mar- 
ried. His  first  wife  was  Sarah  Stryker,  by  whom  he  had  two  children  ;  his 
second,  Elizabeth  Van  Deursen,  who  was  the  mother  of  three,  one  of  whom 
died  in  infancy,  and  the  others  survived  him.  The  following  inscription  is 
on  his  tombstone : 

"  Van  Harlingen,  recalled  by  Zion's  King, 
Finished  in  haste  his  embassy  abroad  ; 
Then  soaring  up  to  heaven  on  seraph's  wing, 
Blest  angels  haUed  the  embassador  of  God." 

P.  D.  V.  a 

He  is  one  about  whom  very  little  is  known.  Those  who  were  his  contem- 
poraries and  sat  under  his  preaching,  are  probably  all  gone.  Tradition, 
such  as  there  is,  reports  him  to  have  been  a  very  evangelical,  pointed,  and 
practical  preacher.  The  fact  that  a  very  prominent  church,  village,  and 
district  of  country  are  called  by  his  name,  might  be  taken  for  evidence  of 
the  estimation  in  which  he  was  held. — G.  L. 

Van  Harlingen,  John  M.,  (nephew  of  J.  M.  Van  Harlingen,  above,)  b.  at 
Sourland,  1761,  Q.C.  1783,  studied  under  Livingston,  1.  by  Christian 
Synod  of  D.  R.  Chs.  1786  ;  Millstone  and  Six  Mile  Run,  1787-95,  w.c. 
1795-1812,  Prof.  Heb.  and  Ecc.  Hist.  1812-3,  d. 

From  early  childhood,itis  said,he  was  exceedingly  fond  of  books,  and  spent 
much  of  his  life  in  their  exclusive  society.  After  the  relinquishment  of  his 
first  united  charges,  he  never  after  settled,  although  he  labored  abundantl}' 
in  assisting  his  brethren,  and  supplying  vacant  pulpits  by  classical  appoint- 
ment.    He  was  very  quiet  and  reserved  in  his  disposition,  and  was  seldom 


THE    MINISTRY.  245 

known  to  laup;h  or  even  to  smile.  His  conversation  was  instructive,  antl  his 
preaching  solid  anil  cvangeHoal,  but  not  popular.  After  his  retirement 
from  the  pastorate,  he  translated  Van  Der  Kemp's  Sermons  on  the  Heidel- 
berg Catechism,  which  were  published  in  1810,  in  two  volumes.  For  sev- 
eral years  previous  to  the  establishment  of  the  theological  professorate 
at  New-Brunswick,  he  had  been  accustomed  to  receive  young  men  at  his 
residence,  and  instruct  them  in  Hebrew  and  Ecclesiastical  History  with  a 
view  to  their  licensure.  In  1812,  the  General  Synod  appointed  him  pro- 
fessor of  these  branches  in  the  Theological  Seminary.  He  accepted  the 
chair  of  Hebrew,  and  agreed  to  instruct  temporarily  in  Church  History, 
but  his  career  of  usefulness  was  cut  short  by  death  in  November,  1813. 
His  loss  was  deeply  felt  by  the  church  and  her  institutions  of  learning. — 

P.  D.  V.  a 

He  is  said  to  have  been  a  close  student,  and  learned  in  theology.  He 
was  a  very  absent-minded  man.  As  a  preacher,  he  seems  to  have  made 
no  impression,  (hough  his  discourses  were  solid  and  instructive,  because  of 
the  utter  want  of  animation,  emphasis,  and  freedom  in  his  delivery.  Not 
only  was  he  utterly  without  gesticulation,  but  he  seemed  unconscious  ot 
the  presence  of  an  audience,  and  kept  his  eye  fixed  as  though  he  were  read- 
ing a  manuscript  closely,  though  he  had  none  before  him.  He  is  said  to 
have  been  a  good  Hebrew  scholar,  and  at  one  time  taught  this  language  to 
the  students  of  the  Theological  Seminary  at  New-Brunswick. —  G.  L. 

Van  Hook,  Isaac  A.  C.C.  1797,  N.B.S.  1810,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1819;  Miss,  to 
Spotswood,  1819-21,  Miss,  to  Stillwater,  Sussex  Co.,  N.J.  1822,  to  Bea- 
verdam  and  Middletown,  1822,  to  Kleyn  Esopus,  1822,  to  Tyashoke, 
1822,  Fort  Miller  and  Argyle,  1823-4,  Miss,  to  Wilton,  1825,  Cor.  Sec. 
Bd.  Miss.  1827,  died  1834? 

Van  Home,  Ab.  Q.C.  1787,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  the  Synod 
of  D.  R.  Chs.  1788  ;  Wawarsing,  :Marbletown,  and  Rochester,  1789-95, 
Caughnawaga,  1795-1833,  died  1840. 

A'an  Horne,  David.  U.C.  18G4,  N.B.S.  18G7,  1.  CI.  Montgomery,  1SG7; 
Union  Village,  1868— 

Van  Houten,  Abraham,  1.  by  Seceders,  1852;  Clarkstown,  1852-7,  Clarks- 
town  and  Paramus,  1857-Gl,  Clarkstown  and  Hempstead,  18G1,  Schraal- 
enburgh,  18G1-6,  New-York,  King  St.  18G6— 

Van  Hoevenbergh,  Eggo  Tonkens,  (Surinam,  South-America,)  17.. -49, 
Livingston  Manor,  and  Claverack,  1749-56,  Rhinebeck  Flats,  1756-64, 
suspended,  but  continued  to  preach  till  1767. 

In  1749,  on  his  way  to  Holland  from  Surinam,  he  stopped  at  New-York, 
and  the  consistory  of  that  place  wished  to  call  him,  as  l)u  Bois  was  getting 
old  ;  but  as  he  would  not  promise  to  join  the  Coetus,  he  was  not  called.  His 
language  concerning  the  ministers  in  New-York  also  turned  the  tide  against 
him.  Proceeding  north,  however,  he  obtained  settlements.  But  his  life  was 
filled  with  improprieties,  and  he  was  at  last  cut  off  from  the  ministry. 


246  THE     MINISTRY. 

Van  Huysen,  (or  Van  Housen,)  Hermanns,  studied  under  Livingston,  1.  CI. 

Hackensack,  1793 ;  Helderbergh,  Salem,  and  Jerusalem,  1794-1825,  d. 

1833. 

His  early  advantages  for  literary  attainments  were  small,  and  it  was  late 
when  he  commenced  to  prepare  for  the  ministry.  But  notwithstanding 
these  difficulties  and  the  scanty  material  to  which  he  had  access  when  he 
began  to  study,  with  industry  and  piety,  and  an  ardent  thirst  for  biblical 
knowledge,  he  arose  to  a  position  to  which  many,  with  every  advantage,  do 
not  attain.  During  the  revolution  he  had  served  as  an  officer  in  the  army, 
and  he  loved  to  recount  the  adventures  of  his  youth.  But  at  the  close  of 
the  war  the  waste  places  of  Zion  affected  his  heart,  and  led  him  to  seek 
entrance  into  the  ministry.  An  extensive  revival  soon  followed  his  labors. 
His  field  was  large,  requiring  both  sti'ength  of  body  and  of  mind.  His 
habits  of  punctuality  were  referred  to  proverbially,  long  after  he  had  died. 
Humility  was  his  chief  trait.  "When  he  found  the  infirmities  of  age  creep- 
ing on  him,  he  resigned  the  field,  that  the  work  might  not  be  impeded. 

Van  Keuren,  Benj.  N.B.S.  1824,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1824;  Miss,  to  Charleston 
2d,  Mapletown,  and  Westerlo,  1824,  Esopus,  1825-6,  Esopus,  Hurley,  and 
Bloomingdale,  1826-34,  Esopus  and  Bloomingdale,  1834-6,  Warwick, 
1836-7,  (Presbyt.  1837-56,)  R.D.C.  1856,  d.  1865. 

Van  Kleek,  Richard  D.  U.C.  1822,  N.B.S.  1825,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1825  ;  Rari- 
tan,  1826-31,  Teaching  .at  Basking  Ridge  Academy,  1831-34,  Canajoharie, 
1734-5,  Berne  1st'  and  Beaverdam,  1835-43,  Teaching  at  Erasmus  Hall, 
Flatbush,  L.  I.  1843-60,  at  Grammar  School,  Jersey  City,  1860— 

Van  Liew,  John,  Q.C.  1816,  N.B.S.  1820,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1820;  (Meadville, 
Pa,  1820-3,  Mendham,  N.J.  1824-5,  Presbyt.)  North  Branch,  (Reading- 
ton,)  1826— 

Van  Liew,  John  Cannon,  b.  at  Middlebush,  18. .,  N.B.S.  1832,  1.  CI.  N.B- 
1832  ;  Catskill,  Leeds,  and  Kiskaton,  1832-3,  Leeds,  and  Kiskaton,  1833- 
4,  Spotswood,  1834-42,  Rutgers  Col.  Gr.  School,  1842-. .,  (Piflfard,  18.  .- 
49,  Groveland,  Presbyt.  1849-50,)  Ephratah,  and  Stone  Arabia,  1850-6, 
Berne,  and  Beaverdam,  1856-60,  d.  1861. 

He  passed  through  unusual  varieties  of  place  and  pursuit  in  life.  After 
his  college  course,  he  studied  law,  till  ready  for  licensure,  when  with  the 
bestowment  of  grace,  and  a  vow  to  his  sainted  mother,  he  commenced  the 
study  of  theology.  He  was  first,  for  one  year,  a  colleague  to  his  uncle  Isaac 
N.  Wyckoff,  in  the  triple  charge  in  the  Catskills.  At  Spotswood,  he  also 
opened  a  classical  institution  and  boarding  school,  and  conducted  it  suc- 
cessfully, for  several  years.  Leaving  Piffard,  he  took  charge  of  the  Temple 
Hill  Academy,  at  Geneseo,  and  superintended  its  concerns  with  marked  abili- 
ty. While  thus  engaged  he  also  became  pastor  of  a  neighboring  Presby- 
terian church.  While  officiating  at  Ephratah,  a  new  literary  institution  was 
organized  at  Carlisle,  Schoharie,  Co.  N.Y.  and  he  became  the  rector  of  this. 


THE     MIXISTRY,  247 

Ilere,  in  a  damp  house,  he  took  a  cold  from  wliich  ho  never  recovered.  In 
six  months  he  resinned  the  charge  of  Kphratah  and  Stone  Arabia.  In  his 
last  charges  he  labored  and  sutfored,  with  constantly  failing  healtli,  until  he 
was  obliged  to  resign  the  service  and  remove  to  his  native  region  in  New- 
Jerscj',  where,  in  a  year  and  a  half,  he  died,  lie  was  a  man  of  decided 
mental  ability,  an  able  advocate  in  ecclesiastical  trials  and  controversy,  a 
critical  linguist  and  successful  instructor,  an  excellent  preacher — seldom  if 
ever  reading  his  sermons,  but  generally  speaking  from  a  brief.  He  sacri- 
ficed earthly  prospects  to  his  love  of  the  (iospcl.  His  piety  was  decided  and 
controlling.  Burdened  with  heavy  responsibilities  which  might  have  dis- 
tracted ordinary  men,  he  maintained  an  equanimity  which  left  no  suspicion 
of  his  troubles.  He  was  popular,  and  accepted  by  the  pious,  wherever  he 
labored.  He  suffered  for  years  with  exemplary  patience  and  persistence, 
in  his  ministerial  work,  and  fell  in  the  midst  of  his  years,  a  martyr  to  the 
cause. 

Van  Liewen,  Wm.     Holland,  Wis.  1857-9. 

Van  Nest,  Ab.  R.  R.C.  1841,  N.B.S.  1847,  1.  01.1847;  Miss,  at  Green 
Point,  1848,  (Assoc.  Ref.  Ch.  1848,)  Twenty-First  St.  N.Y.C.  1848-62, 
in  Europe. 

Van  Nest,  Rynier,  b.  near  Soraerville,  N.J.  173G,  1.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of 
Ministers  and  Elders,  1773 ;  Shawangunk,  and  New-Paltz  2d,  (or 
Wallkill,)  1774-85,  also  Middleburg,?  1774-80,  and  Schoharie,?  1780-5, 
Jamaica,  Newtown,  Oyster  Bay  and  Success,  1785-97,  Schoharie,  1797- 
1802,  d.  near  Soraerville,  1813. 

Van  Neste,  Geo.  J.  R.C.  1842,  N.B.S.  1846,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1846;  Bound 
Brook,  1847-53,  Lodi,  1853-65,  West  New-Hempstead,  1865— 

Van  Nist,  Jacobus,  b.  1735,  lie.  by  the  American  Classis,  1758  ;  Pough- 
keepsie  and  Fishkill,  1758-61,  d. 

Van  Niewenhuysen,  Wilhelmus,  New-York,  1671-82,  d. 

He  was  a  relative  of  Domine  Selyns.  He  had  a  controversy  with  Gov. 
Andros  in  reference  to  the  prerogative  of  the  Dutcli  churches  choosing 
their  own  minister.s,  as  the  Governor  had  attempted  to  force  Rev.  Nicholas 
Renslaer  on  the  church  of  Albany.  The  validity  of  Renslear's  ordination 
was  finally  reluctantly  admitted,  but  not  his  right  to  officiate  against  the 
wishes  of  the  people.  Van  Niewenhuysen  was  not  settled  in  Albany,  but 
still  seems  to  have  remained  there  for  a  while  to  assist  Schaats  in  the  con 
troversy.  His  name  there  appears  as  Niewenhyt.  There  was  a  constan 
and  steady  growth  in  the  membership,  during  his  ministry  in  New-York, 
which  was  peaceful  and  successful.  He  supplied  the  churches  on  Long 
Island,  during  their  vacancy.  His  correspondence  with  the  Classis  of  Am- 
sterdam impresses  one  with  the  conviction  that  he  was  a  faithful  and  judi- 
cious minister  and  pastor.  He  was  of  the  Cocccian  school  in  exegesis. — Doc. 
Hist.  iii.  526,  and  Anthology  of  New-Netherlands,  179. 


248  THE    MINISTRY. 

The  following  lines  concerning  Van  Niewenhuysen,  are  from  the  pen  of 
Domine  Selyns,  his  successor: 

OP  HET  PEEDICK-AMPT  VAN  WILHELMU8  NrEUWENHUYSEN, 

DOOR  MT  NIGESEENT  TOT  TEN  DIENST  J.  C.  IN  N.  NEDERLANDT. 

Hoe  wordt  Nieuw  Nederlandt  vernieuwt  door  Nieuwenhuysen. 

Hy  doodt  den  oudemensch,  en  spreeckt  de  nieuwe  voor  ; 
Houdt  d'oude  leer,  en  dryft  geen  nieuwichheden  door, 
Een  doet  door  nieuwe  drift  haar  oude  qnaet  verhuysen. 
Eti  wordt  Nieuw  Nederlandt  door  Nieuwenhuysen' s  trouw, 
En  Nieuwenhuysen  door  Nieuw  Nederlandts  berouw, 
Na  't  Nieuw  Jerusalem  gevoert  om  nieuwichheden, 
Wat  kerck  vindt  meerden  heyl,  als  door  vernieude  seden. 

ON    THE    MINISTRY    OF    DOMINE    NIBWENHUTSEN. 

How  is  new-Netherland  renewed  by  Niewenhuysen  ? 

He  kills  the  old  man  off,  and  then  the  new  directs ; 

He  holds  old  doctrines  fast  and  not  the  new  rejects, 

E'er  by  his  new  pledged  zeal  old  error  ostracizing. 
Now  is  New-Netherland  by  Niewenhuysen's  mission, 
And  Niewenhuysen  by  New-Netherland's  contrition, 
Led  to  the  New-Jerusalem  for  new  delights. 
What  church  more  safety  finds  than  in  renewed  rites  ? 

Van  Olinda,  Douw,  b.  at  Charleston,  KY.  1800,  N.B.S.  1824,  l.Cl.  N.B.  1824; 
Miss,  to  Johnstown,  Mayfield,  and  Union,  1824,  Palatine,  1825-7,  Maple- 
town,  Spraker's  Basin,  and  Canajoharie,  1827-31,  New-Paltz,  1832-44, 
Caughnawaga,  1844-58,  d. 

He  was  of  large  stature  and  commanding  appearance,  an  edifying  and 
instructive  preacher,  addressing  rather  the  understanding  than  the  feelings. 
His  distinguishing  trait  was  great  executive  ability. — StiWs  Hist.  Ch.  New- 
Paltz. 

Van  Pelt,  Peter  T.  b.  at  Bushwick,  L.I.  1778,  CO.  1799,  studied  under 
Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1801  ;  Staten  Island,  1802-35,  Fordham,  1836-47, 
d.  1861.     Also  chaplain  in  the  war,  1812-14. 

During  his  preparation  for  the  ministry,  he  was  invited  by  a  committee 
of  Kings  Co.  L.I.  to  deliver  an  oration  on  the  death  of  Washington.  The 
great  work  of  his  life  was  accomplished  on  Staten  Island,  where  he  had  on 
several  occasions  large  accessions  to  the  church.  Gov.  Tompkins  also 
invited  him  to  make  an  address  of  welcome  to  General  La  Fayette,  on  his 
arrival  at  the  governor's  house,  as  the  nations  guest,  in  1824.  He  was 
with  Aaron  Burr,  in  his  last  moments,  in  1836.  After  a  ministry  of  forty- 
six  years,  he  retired  to  the  city,  where  he  spent  his  last  days. 

Van  Raalte,  A.C.  Ley  den  University,  1831,  Leyden  Theolog.  Sem.  1834, 
examined  in  the  Provincial  Synod  of  the  Hague,  May,  1835,  ordained  for 
general  service  in  Amsterdam,  in  the  General  Synod  of  The  Separated, 
or  Free  Reformed  Church  of  the  Netherlands,  March  4th,  1886  ;  Miss, 
first  in  Geneminden,  then  in  Ommer,  (Overyssel,)  1836-44,  Arnheim, 
(Guelderland,)  1844-6,  c.  to  America;  Holland,  Mich,  1851 — 


THE     MINISTRY.  249 

Van  Rcnslacr,  (or  Rcnslaor,)  Nioliolas,  onlaincd  as  a  deacon  by  Dr.  Earle, 
]{ishop  of  Sarum  ;  by  the  Bishop  of  Salisbury  as  a  Prcsybtcr;  Chap- 
lain to  Ilccr  Van  (Joph,  Embassador  from  the  States  General,  residing  in 
liOndon;  afterward  minister  of  the  Dutch  Church  at  Westminster;  Lec- 
turer at  St.  Margaret's,  Loathbury,  London  ;  c.  to  America,  1CV5  ;  Albany, 
1GV5-6. 

Coming  to  New-York,  he  sought  and  obtained  a  grant  of  the  colony  of 
Rensselaerwyck,  by  reason  of  the  transfer  of  the  colony  to  the  Duke  of 
York,  but  he  failed  to  retain  it.  lie  had  been  also,  by  the  same  Duke» 
recommended  in  July,  lOT-t,  to  Ciov.  Andros  for  a  living  in  one  of  the 
Dutch  churches  in  the  colony.  The  governor  foisted  him  on  the  Dutch 
church  in  Albany,  but  the  consistory  resisted  him,  the  church  of  New- 
York  helping  them.  They  even  sent  their  minister  thither,  (Van  Niewen- 
huysen,)  and  who  seems  for  a  time  to  have  ofliciated  there  as  if  the  pastor. 
Van  Renslaer  made  complaint  against  Van  Nicwenhuysen,  (calling  him 
the  minister  of  Albany,)  because  he  had  forbidden  him  to  baptize  any  chil- 
dren, and  when  he  inquired  the  cause  of  such  order,  Van  Niewenhuysen 
declared  that  English  ordination  was  not  valid  in  the  Dutch  churches.  lie 
was  compelled  to  retract  this  remark  by  the  council.  Van  Renslaer  con- 
tinued to  officiate  about  a  year.  lie  was  then  imprisoned  for  some  dubious 
words  which  he  uttered  in  the  pulpit.  Jacob  Leisler  (the  subsequent 
usurping  Governor)  and  Jacob  ^Milbornc  had  brought  in  certain  charges 
against  Renslaer,  concerning  his  statements  in  the  pulpit,  and  which  made 
a  great  disturbance.  Lei.sler  and  Milborne  were  at  length  mulcted  in 
the  entire  cost  of  the  litigation,  and  suffered  in  character  also,  while  Domine 
Schaats  and  Renslaer  were  reconciled.  The  latter  was  soon  removed  by 
death.  lie  was  suspected  of  being  a  papist.  lie  married  Alida  Schujder, 
who  subsequently  became  the  wife  of  Robert  Livingston. 

Van  Riper,  Garrabrant,  student  in  X.B.S.  d.  1S2S. 

Van  Santvoord,  Cornelius,  b.  1G97,  studied  in  University  of  Leyden,  under 
John  Marck ;  Staten  Island,  1718-42,  also  Belleville,  1730-2,  Schcnec 
tady,  1742-52,  d. 

"While  on  Staten  Lsland,  he  preached  in  both  the  French  and  Dutch  lan- 
guages, lie  was  an  intimate  friend  of  Domine  Frelinghuysen  of  Raritan, 
sympathizing  with  him  in  all  his  trials,  while  his  learning,  acuteness,  and 
manly  independence  qualiQcd  him  to  be  his  advocate.  In  this  character, 
he  appeared  in  a  small  volume  entitled,  A  Dialogue  hetween  Considerans 
and  Cnndidus.  lie  translated  Prof.  Marck's  commentary  on  the  Apoca- 
lyp.se,  adding  much  to  it  by  his  own  reflections.  He  sent  it  to  Holland  for 
approval,  and  it  was  not  only  approved,  but  adorned  with  a  copious  preface) 
by  Prof.  "\Vcs.selius.  The  high  respect  entertained  and  shown  b}'  Mr.  Van 
Santvoord  for  Prof.  Marck,  was  but  the  counterpart  of  the  professor's  esteem 
for  him.  He  declared  that  Mr.  V.  was  one  of  his  most  distinguished  and 
apt  pupils,  and  he  was  honored  by  the  professor's  friendship  to  the  end  of 
life. — Drvwnke's  Hi-it.  Dist.  on  Staten  Island. 


250  THE     MINISTRY. 

Van  Santvoord,  Cor.  S.  (s.  of  Staats  Van  Santvoord,)  U.C.  1835,  N.B.S. 
and  P.  S.  1838,  1.  by  Presbyt.  1838  ;  Canastota,  1838-9,  supplied  Coey- 
mans  and  New-Baltimore,  'six  months,  1839-40,  Saugerties,  1340-55, 
Union  Village,  1855-8,  supplied  Coxsackie  2d,  1859,  Schenectady  2d, 
1860-1,  Chaplain  N.Y.S.  Militia,  1861-2,  Hospital  Chaplain,  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  1862-Feb.  '65,  Crittenden  Hospital  Chaplain,  Louisville,  Ky. 
1865,  vsr.c. 

Van  Santvoord,  Staats,  b.  ITOO,  (great-grand-son  of  Cor.  Van  Santvoord,) 
U.C.  1811,  N.B.S.  1814,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1814;  Belleville,  1814-28,  Schodack, 
1829-34,  also  at  Coeymans,  1829-30,  Onisquethaw,  1839-64,  supplying 
also  Berne  2d,  1841-2,  and  Nevi^-Salem,  1843-4,  and  pastor  at  Jerusa- 
lem, 1845-7,  Chaplain  in  Hospital  at  Nashville,  1864,  w.c. — 

Van  Schie,  Cornelius,  b.  1703,  Poughkeepsie  and  Fishkill,  1731-8,  (1733 
•  ace.  to  Rogers,)  Albany,  1738-44,  d.  Aug.  15th.      Supplied  Claverack, 
1732-43. 

Van  Sinderin,  Ulpianus,  Brooklyn,  Flatlands,    Bushwick,    New-Utrecht, 

Flatbush,  1747-84,  also  Gravesend,  1747-65,  d.  1796. 

He  was  called  because  the  people  were  tired  of  Arondeus,  whose  anger 
he  at  once  incurred,  because  he  officiated  at  a  marriage  shortly  after  his 
arrival.  Arondeus  therefore  refused  to  introduce  him  to  the  people.  He 
brought  over  with  him  the  letter  from  the  Classis  authorizing  the  formation 
of  a  Coetus.  He  also  showed  a  not  altogether  proper  spirit  in  refusing  to 
be  reconciled  to  Arondeus  privately,  when  the  consistory  wished  it.  He 
insisted  on  a  public  reconciliation.  The  consistories  then  retracted  his 
call,  and  when  he  insisted  on  preaching,  left  their  seats.  In  1750  he  was 
declared  to  be  the  only  lawful  minister  in  Kings  County. 

Van  Slyke,  Evert.  R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  1865,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1865 ;  White 
House,  1865-7,  West-Farms,  1867— 

Van  Slyke,  John  G.     R.C.  1866,  student  in  N.B.S. 

Van  Thuysen,  A.  B.  1848. 

Van  Varick,  see  Varick. 

Van  Vechten,  Jacob,  U.C.  1809,  Assoc.  Ref.  Sem.  1813,  and  N.B.S.  1814, 
1.  CI.  N.B.  1814;  Schenectady,  1815-49,  w.c— 

Van  Veciiten,  Samuel,  U.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  1822,  1.  CI,  N.B.  1822;  Miss,  to 
Princeton  and  Guilderland,  1822-3,  to  Ovid,  Johnstown,  Westerlo  and 
Mapletown,  Mayfield,  Fonda's  Bush,  and  Union,  1823-4,  Bloomingburgh 
and  Rome,  or  Manakating,  1824-9,  Bloomingburgh,  1829-41,  Fort 
Plain,  1841-4,  w.c— 

Van  Vleck,  John,  b.  at  Shawangunk,  1828,  R.C.  1852,  N.B.S.  1855,  1.  CI. 
1855 ;  Prin.  Holland  Academy,  Mich.  1855-9,  Prin.  Kingston  Academy, 
1859-62,  Middleport  and  Wawarsing,  1862-4,  d.  1865. 
Born  and  nurtui'ed  in  the  valley  of  the  Wallkill,  under  devoted  pastoral 


Till:    MINISTRY.  251 

and  parental  care,  trained  to  patient  endurance,  his  mind  at  the  same  time 
found  food,  and  developed  vi;^orously,  under  apparently  unpropitious  cir- 
cumstances. Upon  graduating  he  was  made  Principal  of  Holland  Acade- 
my, and  this  institution,  the  germ  of  Hope  College,  is  his  monument.  lie 
also  began  English  preaching  in  the  Holland  colony  in  Michigan,  which 
culminated  in  the  Second  Church  of  Holland.  He  possessed  warm  im- 
pulses and  an  atfcctionate  disposition,  and  loved  his  pupils  dearl)',  for  their 
own  sakes  and  for  Christ's.  Many  were  led  to  study  for  the  ministry 
through  his  influence.  He  was  a  most  diligent  student,  an  excellent  He- 
brew scholar,  and  an  admirable  exegete,  and  projected  and  almost  comple- 
ted several  exegetical  works.  His  "  Gethsemane"  was  about  completed, 
and  is  worthy  to  see  the  light.  He  had  also  advanced  far  on  the  Song  of 
Solomon.  As  a  classical  scholar  .and  teacher  he  had  few  superiors,  and  as 
a  writer  his  exegetical  ability  was  only  exceeded  by  his  spirituality. 

Van  Yleck,  Paulus,  Neshaminy,  Pa.,  1710-12,  being  a  Low  Dutch  Ch.  in 

Bucks  Co.,  Pa.  in  connection  with  the  Presbyterians. 

He  first  appears  as  schoolmaster  and  precentor  at  Kinderhook  in  1702, 
and  sometimes  preaching,  for  which  he  was  complained  of  and  made  to  de- 
sist. Doc.  History,  iii.  528.  Dos.  Antonides  and  Du  Bois,  in  1709, 
were  directed  by  Col.  Nicholson  to  ordain  him  as  a  Chaplain  for  the  Dutch 
troops,  proceeding  to  Canada,  but  they  plead  that  they  had  no  authority 
to  do  so.  In  1712  he  was  charged  with  bigamy,  and  left  the  country  in 
mb.  —  ^YcMer^'s  Hist.  Preshjt.  Ch.  338. 

Van  Vlierden,  Peter,  (St.  Croix,  W.I.)  17.. -1792,  Caatsban,  1794-1804, 
suspended.     Restored  July,  1804,  d.  1821. 

Van  Voorhis,  Stephen,  C.N.J.  1705,  lie.  by  the  General  Meeting  of  Minis- 
ters and  Elders,  1772  ;  Poughkeepsie.  1773-G,  Rhinebeck  Flats,  177G-84, 
Philipsburgh,  (Tarrytown,)  and  Cortlandtown,  1785-8,  (Kingston  and 
Assynpinck,  N.J.  Presbyt.)  1788-96,  d.  Nov.  23. 

V.VN  Vr.^xken,  Adam  H.  R.C.  1848,  N.B.S.  1851, 1.  CI.  Schenectady,  1851; 
Glen,  1851-65,  Centreville,  Mich.  1865  — 

Van  Vrankev,  F.  V.  U.C.  1858,  N.B.S.  1861,  1.  CI.  Montgomery,  1861  ; 
Lysander,  1861-6,  Glen,  1866— 

Van  Vranken,  Nichola.s,  b.  at  Schenectady,  1762,  studied  under  Dirck 
Rorncyn  and  Livingston,  1.  by  the  Synod  of  R.  D.  Chs.  1790,  Fishkill, 
Hopewell,  and  New-Hackensack,  1791-1804,  d. 

He  was  a  man  of  fine  attainments,  literary  and  theological,  a  fervent  and 
eloquent  speaker,  and  a  most  devoted  servant  of  God.  After  conipleting 
his  preparatory  studies,  he  became  principal  of  a  flourishing  academy  in 
his  native  city,  continuing  in  that  position  for  six  years.  This  academy 
was  the  germ  of  T'nion  College.  The  records  of  his  churches,  so  far  as 
preserved,  show  numerous  addition.s,  evidencing  that  his  labors  were 
blessed.     He  was  possessed  of  strong  affections,  ardently  attached  to  his 


252  THE    MINISTRY. 

charges,  no  inducement  prevailing  with  him  to  sever  his  connection  with 
them.  lie  declined  calls  from  Albany  and  Schenectady.  The  change  of 
language,  from  the  Dutch  to  the  English,  took  place  in  his  charges  during 
his  ministry.  His  knowledge  of  his  people  was  so  complete,  and  his  tact 
so  great,  that  when,  according  to  ancient  custom,  the  communicants 
stood  around  the  pulpit  to  receive  the  sacramental  elements  from  the  hands 
of  their  pastor,  he  adapted  his  remarks  to  the  circumstances  of  each.  His 
quick  eye  took  in  in  a  moment  individual  peculiarities,  and  he  also  spoke 
to  them  in  Dutch  or  English,  as  they  were  best  able  to  comprehend,  the 
one  or  the  other.  Tradition  represents  him  as  a  most  faithful,  devoted, 
and  dearly  beloved  pastor.  One  of  his  elders  in  Poughkeepsie  once  said  to 
him,  "  Domine,  I  hear  that  a  great  woe  has  been  pronounced  against  you, 
a  woe  upon  the  very  highest  authoritj^ — woe  unto  the  man  of  M'hom  all 
speak  well."  His  personal  appearance  was  very  prepossessing ;  he  was 
gentlemanly  in  his  manners ;  his  conversational  talent  was  finely  devel- 
oped, enabling  him  to  make  the  best  possible  use  of  a  large  fund  of  chaste 
anecdotes,  and  rendering  him  a  most  agreeable  and  instructive  associate  to 
all  classes.  He  never  lowered  his  ministerial  character,  though  he  richly 
enjoyed  a  jest.  Tradition  also  tells  a  story,  illustrative  of  his  humor. 
Having  visited  one  of  his  parishioners,  as  he  was  about  leaving,  the  latter 
said,  "  Domine,  the  next  time  you  come  bring  a  bag  and  I  will  fill  it  with 
oats."  On  his  next  visit  he  did  take  a  bag,  but  it  was  of  unusual  dimen- 
sions, two  large  sheets  having  been  sewed  together  for  the  purpose.  His 
friend  took  the  sack,  and  paying  the  Domine  in  his  own  coin,  filled  it  with 
oats  in  the  sheaf.  His  final  sickness  was  very  violent  and  rapid.  Most  of 
his  people  had  not  heard  of  it  until,  on  Sabbath,  when  waiting  for  his  en- 
trance as  usual  into  the  church,  the  messenger  brought  tidings  of  his  death. 
— Kip''s  Ilist.  Dis.  at  Fishkill. 

Van  Vranken,  Samuel  A.  (s.  of  Nicholas  Van  Vranken,)  b.  1790,  N.B.S. 

1817,1.01.  N.B.  1817;  Middletown  and  Freehold,  1818-26,  Freehold, 

1826-34,  Poughkeepsie,  1834-7,  Broome  st.  N.Y.C.  1837-41,  Prof.  Didac. 

Theol.  in  N.B.  Sem.  and  Prof.  Evid.  Ch.  Relig.  and  Logic  in  Rutgers  Col. 

1841-61,  d.  Jan.  1st. 

No  one  ever  met  him,  and  conversed  with  him  for  even  a  few  moments, 
who  did  not  feel  at  once,  that  he  was  a  highly  intelligent,  noble-minded, 
and  gifted  Christian  gentleman.  His  personal  pi-esence  was  imposing,  his 
voice  rang  out  freely,  the  grasp  of  his  hand  was  animating,  his  eye  rested 
confidently  upon  you,  and  when  he  spoke,  you  saw  plainly  that  he  was  a 
man  of  a  frank  and  open  disposition,  of  large  information,  and  possessed  of 
such  powers  of  intellect  as  would  render  any  thing  that  he  might  have  to 
say  worthy  of  your  attention.  He  was  an  ingenuous  man.  He  knew  of  no 
concealment,  practised  no  subterfuges,  and  might  be  understood  in  a  few 
moments.  Few  were  more  unsophisticated,  unsuspicious,  and  open-hearted 
than  he,  in  his  intercourse  with  his  brethren. 

x\s  a  consequence,  he  had  many  friends  who  fully  appreciated  his  many 
noble  qualities  and  loved  him  sincerely.      He  retained  them  too,  when  he 


THE    MIXISTEY.  253 

had  once  gained  them,  all  the  rest  of  his  clays.  "  He  never  lost  a  friend." 
Ilis  frankness,  his  integrity,  his  great-heartcdncss,  guarded  him  from  the 
misfortune  of  not  being  understood,  as  surely  as  it  did  from  betraying  any 
one  who  had  ever  trusted  in  him.  Tiie  study  of  none  of  the  professors  was 
more  resorted  to,  or  rung  more  frequently  with  that  spontaneous  burst  of 
laughter  which  an  anecdote,  as  he  told  it,  was  sure  to  call  forth.  There 
was  no  restraint  felt  even  by  young  men  in  his  presence,  but  his  cheerful, 
genial,  generous  temper,  encouraged  freedom,  and  inspired  their  confidence. 
His  numerous  friends  in  the  ministry  loved  to  meet  him  and  enjoy  his 
sunny  spirit,  as  it  diffused  itself  in  the  confidence  of  social  intercourse.  Ilis 
house  was  the  home  of  his  friends,  whenever  they  chose  to  occupy  it ;  and 
his  table  welcomed  them,  as  often  as  it  was  spread. 

In  public  life  he  was  never  a  partisan,  never  found  among  a  clique,  never 
the  advocate  of  selfish,  narrow,  one-sided  views;  but  what  was  good  he 
promoted,  earnestly  supported,  no  matter  whom  it  might  benefit,  or  who 
might  oppose  it.  Hence  his  opinions  always  had  weight,  and  his  policy  sel- 
dom failed  to  prove  itself  right.  He  had  no  difficulty  in  seeing  the  truth, 
because  he  looked  at  it  through  no  distracting  medium.  It  was  always  sim- 
ple and  clear  to  him,  because  he  sought  nothing  but  to  find  it.  He  looked 
at  the  whole,  and  formed  his  judgment  from  an  elevated,  generous,  and  mag- 
nanimous stand-point. 

His  piety  was  delicately  sensible,  deeply  emotional,  and  warmly  afFeclion- 
ate.  Ordinarily,  this  would  not  appear,  and  its  cheerful,  sunny  aspect  seeni- 
•ed  to  be  first  and  most  observed ;  but  when  the  occasion  occurred,  and  his 
soul  was  moved,  his  great  heart  swelled  with  tumultuous  sentiment,  and 
poured  itself  out  in  a  torrent  of  feeling,  or  a  flood  of  tears.  At  communion 
seasons,  in  the  prayer-meeting,  and  often  in  social  intercourse,  when  he  re- 
lated some  striking  instance  in  which  the  power  of  grace  had  been  sweetly 
and  kindly  manifested,  his  huge  frame  womld  quiver,  his  utterance  become 
choked,  and  his  cheeks  wet  with  tears. 

Another  prominent  trait  of  his  piety,  was  its  genial,  cheerful,  hopeful 
temper.  He  never  looked  gloomy,  never  groaned  and  sighed,  never  seem- 
ed to  be  in  the  valley  of  Baca ;  but  he  certainly  knew  what  aflfliction  was, 
and  saw  death  often  in  his  own  family  circle.  And  though  he  had  his  sea- 
sons of  desertion,  and  found  occasions  of  penitence,  yet  before  the  world,  the 
peace  of  God  ever  shone  fiom  his  soul.  He  could  '^weep  with  those  that 
wept,"  but  he  loved  most  "  to  rejoice  with  them  that  do  rejoice."  He  never 
obtruded  his  feelings  on  any  one,  yet  he  was  the  last  man  who  would  have 
concealed  them  from  any  fear  of  man.  Hence  his  piety  seemed  entirely  un- 
afifected — the  spontaneous  expression  of  sentiment  and  feeling  evidently 
pervading  his  whole  heart.  He  was  a  Christian  in  the  highest  and  best 
sense. 

As  a  preacher  he  had  many  qualities  of  excellence.  His  sermons  were 
ingenious,  earnest,  and  impressive,  in  some  parts  imaginative,  glowing, 
grand.  His  large,  sonorous  voice,  ringing  through  a  large  church,  his  ma- 
jestic personal  presence,  and  the  tones  and  accents  in  which  he  uttered 


254  THE     MINISTRY. 

some  of  the  impassioned  parts,  left  a  trace  upon  memory  which  was  never 
effaced.  In  his  early  life,  he  preached  memoriter.  He  had  a  remarkable 
vigor  and  nobleness  of  thought,  ranging  over  the  whole  field  of  religious  dis- 
cussion, and  comprehending  at  a  glance  its  prominent  and  appropriate  points 
in  relation  to  the  subject  in  hand.  His  mental  powers  were  of  the  very  first 
order,  and  his  mind  had  been  well  stored  and  cultivated.  Every  sermon 
was  profitable,  intellectually  and  morally,  exhibiting  vigor  of  thought,  ju- 
dicious argument,  and  earnest  appeals  to  the  heart  and  conscience. 

His  first  and  principal  aim  was  to  instruct  and  edify.  Regardless  of  ap- 
plause, he  sought  more  to  unfold  the  meaning  of  the  Scriptures,  and  make 
known  the  saving  truths  of  the  Gospel,  than  to  gain  the  favor  of  men,  by 
dazzling  them  with  fine  language  and  rhetorical  ornaments.  His  great  heart 
could  sometimes  almost  be  felt,  beating  in  its  strong  pulsations  and  illustra- 
tions, by  which  he  enforced  the  truth. 

He  never  made  any  special  pretentious  display  of  scholarship — not  because 
he  did  not  possess  it,  but  because  he  was  above  it.  He  was  the  farthest  ot 
all  men  from  being  a  pedant,  or  from  seeking  to  displajj-  the  learning  which 
he  really  possessed.  But  it  was  unsafe  for  an  opponent  to  presume  on 
his  not  having  it ;  he  was  sure  of  discomfiture.  He  had  read  extensively 
and  thought  profoundly,  while  the  readiness  with  which  he  commanded  the 
treasures  of  his  mind  enabled  him  promptly  to  meet  every  emergency. 
Yet  he  was  rather  a  good  general  scholar,  than  specially  learned  on  any  par- 
ticular branch. 

Van  Wagener,  W.  A.     N.B.S.  1864. 

Van  Wagenen,  John  Hardenbergh,  b.  at  Rochester,  (Ulster  Co.)  N.Y.  1802, 
U.C.  1823,  N.B.S.  182G,  1.  CI.  Ulster,  1826;  Beaverdam,  1826-31,  Berne 
1st,  Niskayuna,  and  Amity,  1831-4,  Niskayuna,  1834-5,  Linlithgo,  1835- 
40,  Linlithgo  and  Mt.  Pleasant,  (Greenpoint,)  1840-1,  Kingston,  1841- 
4,  d. 

He  was  the  child  of  pious  parents,  who  desired  that  he  should  study  for 
the  ministry.  He  prepared  himself  for  college,  under  Rev.  James  Murphy. 
In  each  of  his  several  pastorates  he  was  blessed  with  powerful  revivals  of  re- 
ligion, during  the  three  last  years  of  his  life,  at  Kingston,  receiving  163  into 
the  church.  Few  men  have  been  more  useful.  He  probably  received  more 
members  into  the  church,  during  his  ministry,  than  any  other  man  of  his 
age  then  living.  He  was  noted  for  fidelity,  zeal,  and  untiring  industry.  His 
talents  were  of  a  high  order,  and  carefully  cultivated  by  an  excellent  educa- 
tion, extensive  reading,  and  deep,  close  thought.  His  mind  was  clear,  ca- 
pacious, rapid,  and  decisive.  Few  men  saw  a  subject  in  all  its  relations  and 
bearings  more  readily,  or  acted  more  promptly.  He  possessed  handsome 
pulpit  talents,  and  extraordinary  readiness  and  power  in  extemporaneous 
preaching. 

Van  Woert,  Jacob  H.  R.C.  1846,  N.B.S.  1849, 1.  CI.  Greene,  1849  ;  North- 
Blenheim,  and  Breakabin,  1850-2,  Ghent  2d,  (AYest,)  1852-65,  Lawyer- 
ville,  and  Sharon,  1867 — 


THE    MINISTRY.  255 

Van  Wyck,  Geo.  T.  R.  C.  1840,  N.B.S.  1843, 1.  CI.  Orange,  1843;  Deer- 
park,  1844-52,  moved  south. 

VanWtck,  PoLnEMUs,  R.C.  1843,  N.B.S.  1848,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie,  1848; 
Creenport,  1848-51,  Gaiiscvoort,  and  Northumberland,  1854-7,  West- 
Farms,  1857-G7,  Cortlandtown,  1S07 — 

Van  Zaxdt,  Ab.  B.  U.C.  1840,  P.S.  1842,  1.  Presbyt.  North-River,  1842  ; 
Newburgli,  1842-8,  (Petersburg,  Va.  1848-5G,)  Central,  Ninth  st.  N.Y.C. 
1855-9,  Montgomery,  1859 — ■ 

Van  Zandt,  Benj.  U.C.  1832,  Union  Village,  188G-42,  Kinderhook,  1842- 
52,  Nyack,  1852-5,  Prin.  of  Rockland  Institute,  1855-8,  (Presbyt.  1858- 
62,)  Canajoharie,  1802— 

Van  Zandt,  Peter,  N.B.S.  1817,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1817;  Schenectady  2d,  and  1st 
Ch.  Fourth  AVard,  (Glenville,)  1818-22,  Miss,  to  Oakhill,  1823,  d.  1865. 

Van  Zuuren,  Casparus,  Flatbush,  New-Utrecht,  Brooklyn,  Flatlands,  Bush- 
wick,  and  Gravesend,  1077-85,  returned  to  Holland. 

Varick,  (or  Van  Varick,)  Rudolphus,  Brooklyn,  Flatland?,  Bushwick,  Flat- 
bush,  New-Utrecht,  and  Gravesend,  1085-94,  d. 

When  the  usurpations  of  Leisler  took  place,  he  was  for  a  long  time  pa- 
tient under  them,  but  at  length,  for  his  high-handed  proceedings,  felt  com- 
pelled to  denounce  him.  (Seltns.)  In  this  opposition,  he-stood  together  with 
all  the  Reformed  ministers  of  the  Province — Selyus,  Dellins,  Daille.  He 
found  it  necessary  to  flee,  going  to  New-Castle.  But  upon  his  return  he 
was  charged  with  being  privy  to  a  design  to  rescue  the  fort  from  Leisler, 
and  he  was  dragged  by  a  force  of  armed  men  from  his  house,  taken  to  the 
fort  and  imprisoned,  and  kept  in  confinement  for  six  months.  This  was  in  the 
fall  of  1090.  He  was  charged  also  with  speaking  treasonable  words  against 
Liesler,  and  was  sentenced  to  pay  a  fine  of  £80,  by  Lanoy,  a  pretended 
judge,  to  be  deposed  from  his  ministerial  functions,  and  kept  in  prison  till 
the  fine  was  paid.  Domine  Selyns  offered  himself  and  property  as  bail  for 
him  when  first  imprisoned,  but  was  refused,  and  threatened  with  imprison- 
ment himself.  lie  was  finally  released  without  fine,  though  he  ultimately 
died  of  his  ill-treatment,  while  Leisler,  his  persecutor,  was  at  length  deposed 
and  executed. — See  Doc.  and  Col.  Hist.  i\^.  Y.  index. 

Vas,  Petrus,  Kingston,  1710-32,  or  50,  (Rhinebeck,  1732  ?)  died  at  the  age 
of  90. 

Veddek,  Edwin,  R.C.  1841,  N.B.S.  1844,  1.  CI.  Schenectady,  1844 ;  Little 
Falls,  1845-9,  S.S.  Glenville  2d,  1849-51,  Berne  1st,  and  Beaverdam, 
1851,  Beaverdam,  1851-5,  Middleburgh,  and  Schoharie  Mt.  1855-03,  Gal- 
lupville,  and  Knox,  1863-8,  Gallupville,  1868— 

Vedder,  Henry,  1.  1803. 


256  THE     MIXISTET. 

Vedder,  Hermanus,  U.C.  1799,  studied  under  D.  Eomeyn  and  Froeligh, 
1.  by  01.  Albany,  1801;  Greenbusb,  and  Taghkanic,  1803-50,  also  sup- 
plied Linlithgo,  1806-14,  Greenbusb,  1850-64,  w.  c. 

Veenhuysen,  a.  B.     S.S.  Pultneyville,  1862-5,  Pultneyville,  1865— 

Vehslage,  Henry,  N.B.S.  1861,  1.  by  S.  CI.  N.Y.  1861 ;  Irvington,  1861— 

Verbeck,  Guido  F.  b.  in  Holland;  Auburn  Sem.  1859,  1.  Presbyt.  Cayuga, 
1859  ;  voyage  to  Japan,  May-Nov.  1859;  Nagasaki,  1859 — 

Verbryck,  Samuel,  studied  under  Leydt,  J.,  Goetschius,  J.  H.,  and  Vander- 
linde,  lie.  by  Coetus,  1749  ;  Tappan  and  New-Hempstead,  (now  Clarks- 
town,)  1750-84,  d. 

He  was  always  a  warm  advocate  of  the  Coetus,  and  was  commended  of 
all.  He  sought  to  get  a  charter  from  the  Governor  of  New-Jersey,  for  an 
academy,  in  1761,  which  so  offended  many  of  his  people,  tliat  they  refused 
to  fay  Jiis  salary  !  He  was  the  warm  friend  of  G.  Du  Bois,  T.  Frelinghuy- 
sen,  and  the  progressive  American  party  of  the  day,  generally.  He  oppos- 
ed forms  of  prayer  and  the  celebration  of  the  festival  days,  which  conduct 
was  then  considered  a  great  innovation.  The  Conferentie  wrote  to  the  Clas- 
sis  of  Amsterdam  bitterly  against  him,  urging  them  to  take  him  in  hand. 
They  complained  that  if  he  got  the  charter  for  an  academy  it  would  only 
tend  to  the  increase  of  the  same  kind  of  ministers.  He  hved  to  see  his  lib- 
eral plans  abundantly  successful  in  the  charter  for  Queen's  College  in  1770. 

Vermeule,  Cor.  C...Q.C.  1812,  N.B.S.  1814,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1814;  Prof,  of 
Langs,  in  Queen's  Col.  1814-5,  Harlem,  1816-36,  d.  1859. 

Vermilye,  Ashbel  G.  (s.  of  T.  E.  Vermilye,)  N.Y.U.  1840,  N.B.S.  1844,  1. 
CI.  N.Y.  1844 ;  (Little  Falls,  N.Y.  1845-50,  Newburyport,  Mass.  1850- 
63,)  Utica,  1863— 

Vermilye,  Dupuytren,  KG.  1860,  N.B.S.  1863,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie, 
1863 ;  Miss,  to  Jefferson  and  Pittsford,  1863-65,  Miss,  at  Palisades, 
1865-8. 

Vermilye,  Thomas  E.,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1803,  Y.C.  1822,  Princeton,  1823, 1. 
Presbyt.  N.Y.  1826  ;  (Vandewater  St.  N.Y.C.  Presbyt.  1826-80,  West- 
Springfield,  Mass.  Cong.  1830-5,)  Albany,  1835-9,  New-York,  1839- 

Vile,  Joseph  M.     B.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  d.  Dec.  20th,  1865. 

Vock,  Ludwig  Ferdinand,  c.  to  America,  1749,  Lancaster,  Jan.-Dec.  1750. 

Vonck,  see  Funck  and  French. 

Voorhees,  H.  M.  B.C.  1859,  N.B.S.  1863, 1.  CI.  Raritan,  1863  ;  Port  Jack, 
son,  1863-5,  Bethlehem  1st,  1865— 

Voorhees,  Henry  V.  B.C.  1847,  N.B.S.  1850,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1850;  Geneva, 
1851-4,  Broome  St.  N.Y.C.  1855-6,  Bound  Brook,  Jan.  1858-62,  Wash- 
ington Heights,  1862-5,  South-Bushwick,  1867-9,  w.  c. 


THE  MINISTRY.  257 

VoouHEEs,  Louis  B.     C.  N.J.  1868,  student  in  N.B.S, 

Voorhees,  Stephen,  see  Van  Voorhees. 

VoounEES,  W.H.  B.  R.O.  18G0,  N.B.S.  18G3,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1803  ; 
Clover  Hill,  18G3— 

Yooiuiis,  Jacob  N.  N.B.S.  1845,  1.  by  CI.  Bergen,  1845  ;  S.S.  Day, 
184S-H,  Shokan,  1849-51,  Greenport,  1851-6,  S.S.  Greenport,  1856-7, 
Clove,  1857-66,  Esopus,  1867— 

Vredenburgh,  John  S.  Q.C.  1794,  studied  under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y. 
1798;  Raritan,  1800-21,  d. 

He  entered  upon  his  duties  when  the  church  had  been  divided,  and  was 
in  a  low  and  languishing  state.  Under  his  ministry  it  grew  and  flourished 
until  it  became  one  of  the  most  numerous  and  well-ordered  religious  com- 
munities in  New-Jersey.  The  latter  years  of  his  life  were  rendered  in  some 
measure  ineflScient  by  enfeebled  health,  and  he  died  suddenly  while  yet  in 
the  midst  of  his  usefulness.  He  had  been  visiting  families  in  a  remote  part 
of  the  congregation  all  day ;  returning  in  the  evening  to  his  home,  he  sank 
down  from  his  chair,  and  was  no  more.  The  impression  of  his  life  and 
sudden  death  was  immense  on  the  public  mind.  His  funeral  was  attended 
by  crowds  of  weeping  friends  ;  and  soon  a  most  extensive  religious  awaken- 
ing revealed  itself,  which  continued  for  nearly  two  years,  and  the  result  of 
which  was  an  addition  of  three  hundred  and  sixty-eight  persons  to  the 
communion  of  the  church !  This  number  embraced  the  old  and  young, 
rich  and  poor,  masters  and  their  servants  ;  and  was  so  free  from  enthusi- 
asm and  the  other  evils  of  excitement,  that  only  a  very  few  of  the  whole 
number  failed  to  maintain  a  consistent  life  or  required  the  exercise  of  dis- 
cipline. 

The  previous  years  of  Mr,  Vredenburgh's  ministry  were  not  remarkable 
for  any  special  ingatherings.  The  church  had  a  healthy  and  constant 
growth,  and  no  more  ;  but  he  had  been  faithful,  laborious,  and  earnest  in 
all  his  efforts  to  bring  the  ungodly  to  repentance,  and  urge  the  Christian 
forward  to  increasing  spiritual-mindedness ;  but  he  had  had  only  an  ordin- 
ary blessing  on  his  work. 

Like  the  other  men  of  his  time,  he  seldom  wrote  his  sermons,  and  in 
some  instances,  is  known  not  to  have  decided  what  lext  of  Scripture  to 
employ  as  the  subject  of  his  discourse  until  after  he  had  arrived  at  the 
church.  Then  often  he  gave  his  most  effective  exhortations,  and  seemed 
as  If  he  was  literally  carried  away  by  his  ardor. 

The  name  which  he  left  behind  him  was  endeared  to  every  one  ;  and  he 
seems  to  have  had  almost  no  opponents.  He  was  useful,  respected,  and 
highly  esteemed  among  his  associates  in  the  Christian  ministry.  He  Is 
yet,  sometimes,  referred  to  as  "  the  amiable  ;"  and  seems  to  have  been  a 
man  free  from  guile  and  entirely  pure  in  his  whole  life.  He  was  a  Trustee 
of  Queens,  now  Rutgers  College ;  but  did  not  live  to  see  it  emerge  out  of 
the  clouds,  which  rested  upon  it  until  after  he  had  been  removed  by  death. 
Among  the  good  men  who  have  served  the  churches  in  Somerset  Countv 
17 


258  THE   MINISTRY, 

the  name  of  John  S.  Vredenburgh  will  always  find  a  record  which  will  be 
savory,  affectionate,  and  kind.  He  was  an  evangelical  and  useful  preacher, 
and  his  labors  in  the  end  were  greatly  blessed.  He  at  least  sowed  the  seed 
of  a  most  abundant  harvest. — A.  M. 

Vroom,  W.  H.  R.C.  18G2,  N.B.S.  18G5,  1.  CI.  Rarltan,  1865;  Hoboken, 
1865-7,  Davenport,  1867— 

Vrooman,  Barent,  b.  in  Schenectady,  17. .,  1.  CI.  Amsterdam,  1752  ;  New- 
Paltz  and  Shawangunk,  1753-4,  Schenectady,  1754-84,  d. 

[Wack,  Casper,  b.  1752,  Tohicken,  Indian  Field,  and  Great  Swamp,  Pa. 

1771-3,  the  same  and  Nacomixen,  1773-82,  German  Valley,  Fox  Hill, 

and  Rockaway,   N.J.   1782-1809,  also  supplied  at  this  time,  Stillwater, 

Hardwick,    and   Knowlton,    N.J. ;  Germantown   and  Whitemarsh,    Pa. 

1809-21,  Whitemarsh,  1821-3,  d.  1839.     Of  these  then  Ger.  Ref  Chg. 

Fox   Hill  is  now  Presbyterian,  and  Rockaway  is  the  Ref.  D.  Ch,  of 

Lebanon.] 

His  father,  John  George  Wack,  came  to  Philadelphia Jn  1748,  from  Wit- 
tenberg, his  native  place.  Besides  Casper,  another  son,  John  Jacob,  en- 
tered the  ministry,  having  labored  in  the  Reformed  (Dutch)  Church  at  Fort 
Plain.  Casper  studied  under  Dr.  Weyberg,  beginning  in  his  eleventh  year. 
His  talents  were  remarkable.  He  received  calls  at  the  early  age  of  eighteen, 
(1770,)  but  his  licensure  and  ordination  were  deferred  till  the  Classis  in 
Holland  could  be  consulted.  Very  favorable  reports  were  sent  over  con- 
cerning him.  He  was  invited  to  visit  Europe,  without  expense,  but  de- 
clined. He  was  very  extensively  useful  in  New-Jersey,  (Somerset,  Morris, 
and  Hunterdon  Cos.,)  having  a  very  large  field  among  the  Germans  who 
had  settled  there  as  early  as  1707.  These  people  had  fled  from  Rhenish 
Prussia  to  Holland  in  1705,  and  in  1707  embarked  for  New- York.  Ad- 
verse winds  took  them  to  Philadelphia,  and  in  crossing  New-Jersey  they 
were  attracted  by  the  beautiful  valleys,  and  settled  there.  Hence  German- 
town,  German  Valley,  etc.  Most  of  their  descendents  have  since  passed 
into  Presbyterian  and  Reformed  (Dutch)  churches,  since  German  ministers 
could  not  be  supplied  them  from  Pennsylvania.  {See  Minutes  of  CI.  liew- 
Bninsicieh,  1813.)  He  was  a  man  of  great  physical  elasticity  and  agility. 
He  had  no  taste  for  speculative  theology,  but  was  eminently  practical.  His 
perceptions  were  quick,  his  wit  keen,  and  his  conversation  exceedingly 
sprightly  ;  he  was  resolute,  energetic,  and  persevering.  With  advancing 
age  he  would  not  cease  preaching  until  infirmities  compelled  him.  He  was 
a  man  of  prayer,  and  had,  in  all  his  declining  years,  full  assurance  of  faith. 
He  reached  the  age  of  87.     He  was  a  warm  patriot  in  the  Revolution. 

Wack,  Chs.  P.  (grandson  of  Casper  Wack,)  N.B.S.  1829,  Caroline,  1831, 
Bellona,  1831-5,  Lebanon,  1835-40,  Trenton  1st,  1841-4,  (G.R.C.) 
1845-52,  d.  1866. 

Wack,  Geo.  (son  of  Casper  Wack,)  b.  1776,  (in  G.R.C.) 


THE    MINISTRY.  259 

Wack,  John  J.  (brother  of  Casper  Wack,)  studied  with  his  brother,  (Ain- 
well,  N.J.  1798-1805,  also  supplied  Knowlton,  (Stillwater,)  and  Hard- 
wick,)  1798-1805,  Fort  Plain,  (Canajoharic,)  and  Stone  Arabia,  1805-10? 
suspended;  (independent,  Canajoharie,  and  Stone  Arabia,  1816-51,  d.  ?) 
Also  chaplain  in  American  army,  1812-14. 

lie  studied  theolojj;}'  with  his  brother  Casper,  while  the  latter  was  settled 
in  German  Valley,  N.J.  Ilis  churches  on  the  Mohawk  were  originally  Ger- 
man, but  were  finally  brought  into  the  Dutch  communion.  During  his 
chaplaincy  in  the  army  of  the  North,  his  churches  fell  into  disorder,  and 
ultimately  he  stood  as  an  independent  minister,  over  two  churches,  on  the 
Mohawk. 

lie  was  a  man  of  commanding  personal  appearance,  ratlier  above  the 
ordinary  stature,  and  proportionally  heavy  and  fall  in  his  corporeal  deveh^p- 
raent.  His  eye  and  countenance  were  expressive  of  a  certain  undauntedness 
of  character,  mingled  with  much  vivacity  and  humor  ;  and  when  he  opened 
his  mouth  to  speak,  you  were  not  disappointed  in  these  indications.  He 
was  a  ready  and  fluent  speaker  in  both  German  and  English.  He  was 
prompt  and  decided  in  action,  once,  during  the  war,  (of  1812,)  taking  the 
sword  of  tlie  commanding  officer,  and  compelling  the  men  to  obedience, 
when  the  officer  had  failed. 

He  was  remarkably  popular  and  influential,  yet  somewhat  rarely  unfor- 
tunate. He  became  intemperate,  and  though  suspended,  continued  to 
exercise  the  ministry  until  his  death.  His  churches  refused  to  have  their 
pulpits  declared  vacant,  received  Mr.  Wack  in  their  houses,  and  bade  him 
God-speed.  He  resembled  more  a  bishop  in  his  diocese  than  an  ordinary 
country  pastor.  He  was  the  last  of  the  ministers  of  the  old  Sand  Ilill  church 
of  Canajoharie,  the  church  parsonage  and  glebe  having  been  sold  to  pay 
claims  for  salary. — Rarbaugli's  Lives. 

[Wagner,  Daniel,  b.  in  Duchy  of  Nassau,  1750,  studied  the  classics,  under 
Gross,  in  N.Y.C.  and  theology  under  Hendel,  in  I^ancaster,  Pa.  1. 
by  Ger.  Coetus,  1771;  Kreutz'  Creek,  Pa.  1771-4,  York,  etc.  1774-80, 
Tulpehocken,  Heidelberg,  Bern,  Berg,  and  Summerberg,  1780-93,  York, 
1793-1802,  Frederick,  Md.  1802-10,  d.] 

He  was  brought  to  this  country  by  his  parents  when  only  two  years  of 
age.  They  settled  first  in  Chester  and  afterward  in  Berks  Co.,  Pa.  Ho 
was  brought  up  on  a  farm.  Both  tradition  and  records  unite  in  presenting 
his  life  in  beautiful  symmetry.  To  large  scientific  and  theological  attain- 
ments, he  united  a  childlike  spirit,  and  the  most  earnest,  practical  piety. 
His  extensive  field  in  Maryland  broke  down  his  constitution.  He  was  an 
experienced  and  earnest  minister,  and  a  holy  man.  He  was  greatly  beloved 
by  each  of  his  charges.  His  nobility  was  of  the  heart.  He  was  honest 
from  principle,  not  policy.  He  was  possessed  of  a  deep  love  to  his  fellow- 
men.  He  did  not  spend  time  on  idle  disputations.  The  kingdom,  to  him, 
was  not  in  word,  but  in  power.  He  had  high  conceptions  of  God,  and  a 
low  view  of  himself.     His  sermons  were  full  of  wis  lorn  and  power.      His 


260  THE   MINISTRY, 

representations  of  the  lovely  and  attractive  in  Christ  were  beautiful  and 
touching. — HarhaugKs  Lives. 

Wagner,  John  Martin,  R.C.  1853,  N.B.S.  1856, 1.  CI.  N.Y.,  1856  ;  Silver 
Creek,  Til.  1856-61,  S.S.  West-Leyden,  1862-3,  Melrose,  1863-7,  Ger. 
Evang.  Brooklyn,  E.D.  1867— 

Waldron,  Chs.  N.,  U.C.  1846,  P.S.  1849;  Cohoes,  1849— 

Wales,  E.  Vine,  from  Otsego  Presbytery,  1859;  Spraker's  Basin,  1859-61. 

[Waldschmidt,  John,  b.  1724,  in  Nassau,  Ger. ;  came  with  Schlatter  to 
America,  1752;  Cocalico,  (Svramp,)  Weiseichenland,  Mode  Creek,  and 
Zeltenreich,  1752-86,  supplied  also  Tulpehocken,  1756-8,  and  Heidel- 
berg, 176.-70,  d.  1786.] 

Wall,  John  J.,  (possibly  the  same  as  Wack,)  1.  1803,  Stone  Arabia,  1803. 

[Wallaner,  George,  came  from  Europe,  1771,  Baltimore,  1772-(5?)  said  to 
have  joined  the  British  army.] 

Ward,  Henry,  U.C.  1864,  N.B.S.  1867,  1.  CI 1867,  New-Hackensack, 

1867— 

Ward,  John  W.  From  Presbyt.  Tioga ;  New-Prospect,  1832-7,  S.S.  Wawar- 
sing,  1839-41,  Upper  Red  Hook,  1841-5,  Green  Point,  1849-54,  died  1859, 
Sept.  5. 

Waring,  Hart  E.  R.C.  1833,N.B.S.  1836, 1.  CI.  Ulster,  1836 ;  supplied  Berne 
2d,  1836  ?  Miss,  to  Grand  Rapids,  1840-3,  (Presbyt.) 

Warner,  Alex.  H.  N.B.S.  1832,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1832;  Clarkstown,  1832-7, 
Hackensack,  1837-64,  w.c. — 

Warner,  Alex.  M.     N.B.S.  1830. 

Warner,  Isaac  W.     N.B.S  1860,  1.  S.  CI.  N.Y.  1860. 

Warnshuis,  John  W.    R.C.  1805,  N.B.S.  1868 1.  CI.  1868 ;  Cleveland,  1868— 

Watkins,  John  E.  b.  at  Hamptonburgh,  Orange  Co.  N.Y.  1828,  R.C.  1857, 

N.B.S.  1800,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1800;  sailed  for  China. 

This  beloved  young  missionary  was  not  permitted  to  step  his  foot  on  hea- 
then soil.  He  sailed  in  the  ship  Edwin  Forrest  (which  is  said  to  have  been 
unseaworthy,)  in  August,  1860,  and  no  tidings  have  ever  been  received  of 
her  fate.  He  was  brought  into  the  church  under  the  ministry  of  Dr.  Scott, 
of  Newark.  He  began  to  study  comparatively  late  in  life.  He  was  of 
studious  habits  and  looked  forward  with  joy  to  his  work.  He  was  distin- 
guished by  a  wonderful  simplicity  of  character  and  disposition.  He  was 
really  childlike  in  his  affections,  in  the  gush  of  his  feelings,  and  the  fresh- 
ness of  his  interests  in  all  surrounding  objects.  He  possessed  a  glori- 
ous flow  of  spirits,  like  a  well  of  water  springing  up  in  sparkling  and 
abundant  life.  He  had  the  heartiest,  happiest  laugh  that  one  could 
wish  to  hear,  a  laugh  without  the  slightest  tinge  of  sarcasm  or  self- 
ishness— just  the   echo   of   a  cheerful   and    unclouded  spirit.     He  was 


THE   MINISTRY.  261 

s'mgnlaily  artless — an  Israelite  in  whom  was  no  guile,  nor  was  he  less 
amiable   than  guileless.     He  always  put  a  generous  construction  on  the 
conduct  of  others,     lie  was  also  enthusiastic.     He  was  not  only  absorbed 
in  his  present  duties,  but  ever  in  a  glow  about  them.     Whatever  he  did, 
he  did  with  all  his  might.     And  in  his  friendships  and  affections  he  was 
for  more  fervent  and  demonstrative  than  is  usual  with  the  sterner  se.x. 
"His   love  was  wonderful,  passing  the  love  of  women."     And  all   this 
•warmth  of  heart  was  given  to  his  Saviour.     He  was  just  as  simple-hearted, 
cheerful,  loving,  and  enthusiastic  in  his  religion  as  in  all  things  else.     Re- 
ligion was  with  him  no  sombre,  sour  distortion  of  his  nature,  nor  a  mere 
organ  accompaniment  and  aeolian   attachment  for  the  expression  of  his 
graver  moods.     It  was  the  key-note  and  underlying  melody  of  his  life,  per- 
vading all  its  play  and  sparkle,  all  its  life  and  love;  ringing  in  his  laugh, 
as  well  as  shining  in  his  tears,  warming  his  daily  speech  with  kindliness, 
as  well  as  lifting  his  secret  thoughts  in  prayer.     And  he  gave  the  best  proof 
of  a  heart  full  of  the  love  of  God  and  man.     He  presented  his  body  a  living 
sacrifice  to  his  Saviour.     "When  he  began  his  studies,  he  had  already  conse- 
crated himself  to  the  missionary  work.     Sad  Africa  he  chose  for  his  field, 
— Africa,  which  America  had  so  greatly  wronged.     The  helplessness  and 
debasement  of  her  inhabitants  excited  the  more  interest  in  his  benevolent 
heart.     But    the    providence    of    God,    and   the   Mission    Board   of    our 
church,  directed  him  elsewhere.     He  sailed  for  China,  but  his  fote  remains 
unchronicletL     The  deep  sea,  no  doubt,  closed  over  his  genial  and  guileless 
.  heart 

Watsox,  Alexander,  1.  CI.  "Westchester,  185T;  Bible  Agent, 

Watson,  John,  R.C.  1838,  N.B.S.  1841,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1841 ;  Athens,  1841-4, 
Flatbush,  (Ulster  Co.)  1844-7,— Presbyt, 

Watson,  Thos.  G.  Hob.  C.  1857,  N.B.S.  1801,  1.  CI.  Geneva,  1801 ;  Cato, 
1861-3,  Cato  and  Woolcot,  1862-5,  Cato,  1865-9,  Brighton  Ilights,  1869— 

[Weber,  John  AV.  b.  in  Germany,  1735,  c.  to  America  as  a  school  teacher 
1704,  studied  theology  under  Wej^berg,  1.  Ger.  Coetus,  1771  ;  Monroe 
Co.  Pa.  1771-82,  Fort  Pitt,  (Pittsburg,)  Ilautolon,  Ilempfield,  and  Mt. 
Pleasant,  Pa.,  1783-1816,  d.] 

He  was  obliged  to  leave  his  first  charges  jnMonroejCo.  because  his  people 
did  not  sympathize  with  him  in  the  cause  of  liberty',  in  the  revolutionary 
struggle;  but  his  departure,  though  attended  by  many  subsequent  hard- 
ships, was  the  means  of  greatly  extending  the  Reformed  Church  in  Wes- 
tern Pennsylvania.  Great  were  the  hardships  which  he  endured,  in  set- 
tling in  that  remote  field,  in  that  early  day.  The  Indians  frequently  depre- 
dated on  the  settlements,  and  but  seldom  was  his  salary  fully  paid.  Yet 
he  remained  true  to  his  post,  believing  that  God  would  provide.  He  plant- 
ed new  churches  in  Armstrong,  Venango,  Butler,  and  Crawford  Cos.  His 
faithfulness  in  preaching  subjected  him  to  much  slanderous  abuse.  He 
called  things  by  their  right  names.  He  was  a  portly,  well-formed  man, 
blessed  with  a  vigorous  constitution,  and  able  to  undergo  a  great  deal  of  labor. 


262  THE    MINISTRY. 

He  was  of  an  ardent  temperament,  free-spoken,  clear,  and  distinct  in  his 
enunciation.  He  had  many  bitter  enemies,  who  exaggerated  his  weaknesses, 
and  labored  to  destroy  his  influence.  But  he  had  also  many  warm  friends, 
who  adhered  to  him  through  all  his  trials. 

Weekstein,  Johannes,  Kington  Sept.  11th,  1681-  7,  d.  March  17. 

Weidman,  Paul,  b.  1788,  U.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  1820,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1820;  Scho- 
harie, 1820-36,  Manheim,  1837-41,  again,  1841-50,  died  1852. 
He  was  a  man  of  great  excellence  of  character.  He  did  not  take  high 
rank,  indeed,  as  a  man  of  talents  or  acquirements,  or  as  a  preacher ;  but  he 
was  a  useful  man  and  highly  respected  and  esteemed.  Those  that  knew  him 
best  loved  him  most.  His  strength  lay  in  the  moral  part.  His  sincerity, 
amiability,  and  piety,  were  unquestionable  and  unquestioned,  and  of  a  very 
high  order  ;  and  all  this  gave  unusual  weight  to  his  preaching  and  example, 
upon  the  community,  civil  and  religious,  where  he  exercised  his  ministry 
for  several  years,  and  which  can  hardly  be  appreciated  fully.  All  this  is  not 
a  fancy  picture,  but  a  known  and  well-attested  reality.  The  writer  of  this 
sketch  was  intimately  acquainted  with  Mr.  Weidman,  both  in  the  Col- 
lege and  Theological  Seminary,  and  had  an  opportunity  to  know  the  quali- 
ties of  the  man,  and  cordially  pays  this  short  and  imperfect  tribute  to  his 
worth.  He  regrets  that  their  youthful  intimacy  was  not  continued  through 
life,  but  they  were  located  at  a  very  considerable  distance  from  one 
another. — 0.  L. 

[Weikel,  John  H.     Montgomery  Co.  Pa.  1776-81.] 

"Weiser,   Conrad,  a  Ref.  preacher,  who  was  married  in  Schoharie,  1720. 
{See  Eager.) 

Weiss,  Edward  M.     N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1859  ;  (Paterson,  Presbyt. 
1859-G6.) 

Weiss,  G  corge  Michael,  lie.  and  ordained  at  Heidelberg,  1725;  Philadelphia, 

Skippach,  and  neighboring  churches,  1726-9,  visited  Holland,  1729-30; 

Catskill,  (now  Leeds,)  and  Coxsackie,  and  Dutchess,  and  Schoharie  Cos. 

generally,  1731-6,  again  in  1744,  Rhinebeck,  1742-6,  (Old  Gosenhoppen, 

and  Great  Swamp,  Pa.)  1746-62,  d. 

Weiss  or  Weitzius,  was  a  native  of  the  Palatinate,  on  the  Rhine.  In 
1727,  he,  and  about  400  emigrants  with  him,  settled  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
accompanied  them  by  request  of  his  Chassis,  that  they  might  not  be  with- 
out religious  instruction.  They  were  assisted  on  their  way  by  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam.  In  1731,  there  were  no  less  than  15,000  of  these  German 
emigrants  in  America,  having  come  here  to  find  a  peaceful  retreat,  and  to 
escape  oppression.  Mr.  Weiss  settled  in  Skippach,  (about  24  miles  west 
of  Philadelphia,)  and  organized  a  church.  But  he  alone  could  do  but  Httle 
among  these  scattered  multitudes  of  his  countrymen.  In  1728,  he  asked 
for  help  from  his  own  Classis  of  the  Palatinate.  They  were  themselves, 
however,  under  persecution,  (the  churches  under  the  cross,)  and  could  do 


THE   MINISTRY.  263 

nothing,  but  referred  the  case  to  the  S^-nocl  of  Holland.  This  was  the  first 
step  in  that  supervision  so  long  exercised  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  over 
the  German  Churches  in  America.  In  1729,  he  went  to  Holland  with  J. 
Reif,  elder,  to  solicit  aid.  Large  contributions  were  made,  but  mostly 
stolen  by  Reif.  In  1707,  £135  were  recovered — a  small  portion  only  of 
the  whole  amount  given.  In  1731,  or  before,  AVeiss  returned  to  America,. 
but  now  settled  among  the  Germans  in  New-York,  laboring  chiefly  in  Scho- 
harie and  Dutchess  Counties.  But  in  twelve  or  fourteen  years  he  was 
compelled  to  flee,  on  account  of  Indian  depredations,  to  Pennsylvania. 
Here  difficulties  with  an  irregularly  licensed  preacher  embittered  his  life. 
In  Sept.  17-40,  Schlatter  arrived,  a  messenger  and  deputy  from  Holland.  He 
labored  diligently  to  establish  peace  and  order,  and  Weiss  was  present  at 
the  first  German  ecclesiastical  assemblj',  in  Philadelphia,  (Oct.  12,  17-4G.) 
Ultimately  the  strife  was  allayed.  He  continued  to  preach  to  three  congre- 
gations west  of  Philadelphia  about  fourteen  years.  For  a  couple  of  years  prior 
to  death,  infirmities  increased  upon  him.  His  age  at  death  was  probably 
not  more  than  G5.  In  1730,  he  was  spoken  of  as  a  bright  young  man,  a 
fine  scholar,  speaking  Latin  like  his  vernacular  tongue.  His  ministrations 
were  considerably  blessed.     He  left  no  children. 

TVeisgotten,  Z.     1855. 

Welch,  Raxsom  B.  U.O.  1846,  Gilboa,  1855-6,  Catskill,  185G-9,  w.  c. 
Prof,  in  Union  Col.  1860— 

Welius,  Everardus,  New-Amstel,  1057-9,  d. 

Wells,  Cor.  L.  (s.  of  Ransford  Wells,)  R.C.  1852,  N.B.S.  1855, 1.  CI.  Scho- 
harie, 1855  ;  Niskayuna,  and  Lishas  Kill,  1855-8,  Jersey  City  3d,  1858- 
62,  Flatbush,  1862— 

Wells,  Ransford,  R.C.  1827,  N.B.S.  1830,  1.  CI.  1830;  Canajoharie,  1830- 
4,  Newark,  1835-42,  Sec.  Bd.  Missions,  1842-4,  Schoharie,  1844-57,  Ful- 
tonville,  1857-68,  w.  c. 

Wells,  Theodore  W.  (s.  of  Ransford  Well,)  R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  1865 ;  1.  CL 
Montgomery,  1865,  Bergen-Neck,  1865 — 

WExrscn,  John,  1.  S.Cl.  N.Y.  1860  ;  Newtown  2d,  and  Astoria,  (Ger.)  1865- 
6,  West-Newark,  (Ger.)  1867— 

West,  Jacob,  R.C.  1842,  N.B.S.  1845,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1845;  Middleburgh, 
1845-52,  Piermont  1st,  1852-6.  East-Brooklyn,  1856-08,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd. 
Dom.  Miss.  1868 — 

Westbrook,  Cor.  D.  b.  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.  1782,  U.C.  1801,  studied  under 
Dirck  Romeyn,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1804;  Fishkill,  1806-30,  Ed.  Christian  In- 
telligencer, 1830-3,  Rector  of  Gr.  Schools  at  N.B.  1833-6,  Corllandtown, 
1830-50,  d.  1858. 

He  was  descended  on  his  paternal  side  from  the  Puritans,  and  on  the  ma- 
ternal from  the  Huguenots.     His  father  served  his  country  in  the  Revolu- 


264  THE   MINISTKT, 

tion.     His  mother  died,  leaving  him  a  frail  infant,  the  object  of  constant 
solicitude. 

The  distinguishing  feature  of  his  mind  was  its  originality.  There  was  a 
freshness,  a  sort  of  child-like  wonder  in  his  mind,  in  viewing  a  subject.  He 
viewed  it  as  if  he  had  never  been  told  how  it  appeared  to  others.  Nor  did 
he  much  regard  the  impression  it  had  made  on  others,  in  forming  his  own 
opinions  of  it.  He  cared  little  for  the  authority  of  great  names.  He  was 
a  bold  thinker,  and  his  views  on  many  mooted  questions,  and  on  prophecy, 
of  which  he  was  an  enthusiastic  student,  were  often  striking  and  highly 
original.  He  also  possessed  a  remarkable  quickness  of  mental  capacity — 
both  quickness  of  apprehension,  and  conclusion.  His  judgment  was  in- 
stantaneous, and  he  would  leap  into  the  middle  of  a  subject,  to  approve  or 
condemn,  almost  before  the  statement  of  it  was  concluded.  His  mind  was 
capable  of  great  concentration  and  intense  action.  He  was  capable  of  con- 
ducting a  connected  and  logical  argument,  but  he  was  not  fond,  of  it.  He 
would  not  submit  to  the  restraint  of  rigid  and  fixed  rules  in  any  thing.  His 
arguments,  though  striking  and  convincing,  were  seldom  strictly  deductive. 
They  did  not  gradually  accumulate  strength,  but  fell  in  successive  and  rapid 
blows. 

In  character,  he  was  notably  disinterested — one  of  the  most  unselfish  of 
men.  lie  would  sacrifice  his  time,  comfort,  and  means,  for  the  sake  of 
serving  a  friend.  There  was  no  calculation  in  his  friendships,  but  they 
were  led  by  the  native  sympathies  of  his  generous  soul,  and  were  really 
prized  by  him  as  a  means  of  advancing  the  interests  and  happiness  of 
others. 

He  was  unambitious — was  a  peacemaker,  always  looked  on  the  bright 
side  of  things,  was  entirely  simple-hearted,  devoid  of  intrigue,  and  his  be- 
nevolence was  only  limited  by  his  means.  Patriotism  was  with  him  a  pas- 
sion. His  learning  was  varied  and  extensive,  but  not  exhaustive  on  any 
special  topic.  He  had  a  remarkable  fondness  for  the  natural  sciences,  some- 
times even  delivering  scientific  lectures.  His  illustrations  of  the  character 
and  government  of  God  were  draw-n  from  the  facts  and  laws  of  nature.  His 
theological  knowledge  was  rather  the  result  of  intense  thought  upon  par- 
ticular points,  from  a  hasty,  vigorous,  and  enthusiastic  investigation,  than  of 
connected  study.  This  appeared  sometimes  to  give  an  appearance  of  ec- 
centricity, and  variance  from  established  views,  in  his  opinions.  His  habit 
of  study  was  topical,  following  his  own  taste  on  the  pressure  of  present 
exigencies.  His  whole  nature  was  impulsive,  not  methodical  or  confined 
by  the  necessities  of  system,  which  he  could  never  brook. 

In  the  pulpit  he  was  dignified  and  impressive,  though  perfectly  natural, 
and  wholly  devoid  of  all  tricks  of  oratory  and  false  solemnity.  He  usually 
preached  without  a  manuscript.  His  themes  were  not  abstract  or  doctrinal, 
in  the  common  acceptance  of  those  words,  but  ran  in  aline  of  noble  thoughts 
connected  with  man's  true  destiny,  and  the  means  ordained  for  its  realiza- 
tion. He  loved  to  expatiate  on  the  power,  wisdom,  and  goodness  of  God, 
in  his  works  and  grace.     These  themes  absorbed  his  being.     His  effort  was 


THE   MINISTRY.  265 

to  convey  his  own  thoughts  into  the  minds  of  his  auditors.  To  this  result 
every  power  of  his  being  was  made  to  contribute.  Ilis  voice,  deliberate 
and  distinct,  was  charged  in  its  every  variance  and  intonation  with  his 
thoughts ;  his  gesture  was  unstudied,  but  was  natural  and  appropriate  to  the 
sentiment;  and  his  eye  labored  to  looh  the  intelligence  of  his  own  views, 
the  animation  of  his  own  feelings,  the  ardor  of  his  own  soul,  into  the  minds 
and  hearts  ofhis  congregation.-  Animated  inaction,  and  with  much  variety 
of  utterance,he  forgot  himself,and  poured  out  his  theme — illustrated  through 
its  whole  length  with  shining  thoughts,  and  gems  from  the  depths  of  his 
own  mind,  replete  with  pithy  expressions  and  beautiful  sentiments — full 
upon  the  minds  and  hearts  of  his  interested  hearers.  The  analysis  was  not 
very  strict,  and  the  discourse  not  greatly  characterized  by  unity  or  complete 
symmetry  of  proportion,  bat  rather  by  a  succession  of  striking  and  sug- 
gestive thoughts,  the  elevation  of  its  sentiment,  and  the  largeness  of  its 
views. 

He  was  singularly  happy  in  prayer.  His  mode  of  expression  was  his 
own,  and  he  failed  not  to  appreciate  the  circumstances  and  catch  the  spirit 
of  special  occasions.  There  was  no  stereotyped  phraseology,  but  his 
thouglits  were  fresh,  admirably  expressing  the  thanks  and  petitions  of  the 
moment,  while  also  reverential  and  devout.  "When  the  veterans  of  1812 
visited  the  grave  of  Washington,  in  1855,  and,  with  the  oflBcers  of  the  gov- 
ernment, stood  around  that  sacred  spot.  Dr.  Westbrook,  who  was  their 
chaplain,  was  asked  to  pray.  He  did  so,  and  with  such  appropriateness, 
power,  and  feeling  as  to  leave  no  ej-e  unmoistened  in  that  venerable  and 
dignified  assemblj'. 

He  had  a  strong  passion  for  social  life,  and  its  enjoyments.  His  path  was 
simple,  direct,  and  child-like.  He  was  humble  and  modest,  and  guileless  as 
a  child.  He  was  always  a  boy.  The  freshness,  the  honest  impulsiveness, 
the  unsophisticated  heart  of  boyhood,  were  his  to  the  last.  The  dew  of 
youth  rested  on  his  maturest  years  and  labors,  and  gave  beauty  and  fra- 
grance to  a  green  old  age.  A  sweet  siinplicit}',  destitute  of  pride,  of  exclu- 
sive notions,  of  selfish  scheming,  made  him  lovely  to  look  upon,  in  a  foi> 
mal,  cold,  self-serving  world. 

"Westerlo,  Eilardus,  (s.  of  Rev.  Isaac  "Westerlo,  pastor  at  Groningen,)  b.  at 
Groningen,    Holland,  1738,  Groningen    University,  lie.  ITGO ;   Albany, 
1700-90,  d.     Also  su Implied,  quarterl}^,  Schaghticoke. 
He  had  just  been  licensed  in  Holland,  when  a  call  arrived  from  the  church 
of  Albany.     He  sustained  a  high  character  for  early  attainments  and  fair 
promise.    He  was  accordingly  selected  for  this  important  field,  second  only 
to  New-York,  though  only  twenty-two  years  of  age.     He  at  once  gained 
the  character  of  an  accomplished  gentlemen,  a  good  scholar,  and  a  sedulous 
student.     His  preaching  was  characterized  by  careful  preparation,  and  able 
exposition.    But  while  his  ability  and  the  soundness  of  his  views  were  con- 
fessed, the  more  pious  part  of  the  church  felt  it  desirable  that  a  more  direct, 
practical,  and  experimental  character  might  be  given  to  it.    A  little  praying 


206  THE    MINISTRY. 

band  carried  him  and  his  ministry  to  a  throne  of  grace.  (1768.)  Soon  after, 
his  mind  became  deeply  impressed  with  a  sense  of  the  responsibility  of  his 
ministerial  office,  and  with  a  conflict  as  to  his  spiritual  state.  He  then 
sought  free  and  intimate  intercourse  with  this  band,  and,  in  the  result,  the 
light  and  power  of  the  Gospel  penetrated  his  soul  more  clearly  and  pre- 
ciously. His  preaching  still  exhibited  the  same  thorough  preparation  and 
intellectual  vigor,  but  became  more  distinguished  by  .spiritual  unction,  and 
discriminating  application  of  divine  truth  to  the  various  classes  of  hearers. 
Thus  while  his  preaching  attracted  and  gratified  the  more  cultivated  of  his 
hearers,  he  became  more  and  more  the  favorite  of  plain  and  experienced 
Christians.  The  influence  of  his  ministry  gradually  increased  and  diff"used. 
The  neighboring  churches  sought  his  council  and  services,  and  were  crown- 
ed with  blessings.  He  was  wise  in  council,  and  conciliating  and  peaceful  in 
his  spirit  and  course.  In  the  Coetus  and  Conferentie  strife,  his  influence 
was  to  soothe  and  heal.  He  arrived  at  the  hottest  period  of  the  strife,  and 
gained  the  respect  and  confidence  of  both  parties,  though  known  to  be 
favorable  to  the  Coetus.  In  the  Revolution,  he  espoused  the  principles  of 
the  whigs,  and  boldly  avowed  them,  and  consistently  adhered  to  them. 

In  1777,  when  Burgoyne  with  his  hostile  army  was  moving  toward  Albany 
from  the  North,  amid  the  general  terror  that  prevailed  among  the  friends  of 
liberty,  he  appeared  calm  and  serene.  He  prudently  conducted  his  family 
to  a  place  of  safety,  but  returned  to  Albany  himself,  directed  the  doors  of 
his  church  to  be  opened,  where  prayers  were  offered  in  behalf  of  his  coun- 
try's cause,  while  he  exhorted  the  remaining  members.  This  was  continued 
till  Burgoyne  with  his  army  became  prisoners  of  war.  He  was  assisted  in 
these  services  by  Dr.  Livingston,  who  was  a  brother-in-law.  In  1782,  when 
General  Washington  visited  Albany,  he  delivered  the  address  of  welcome. 
He  derived  much  pleasure  from  an  extensive  correspondence  with  several 
eminent  ministers  of  his  own  and  of  other  denominations.  Among  these 
were  Livingston,  Laidlie,  Meyer,  Rodgers,  Mason,  and  Stiles.  The  latter 
was  the  President  of  Yale  College,  and  well  known  as  an  antiquary  and 
scholar  of  various  learning.  He  corresponded  with  him  in  Latin,  and  even 
occasionally  in  Hebrew.  Dr.  S.  came  to  Albany  to  visit  him  once,  but  Dr. 
W.  was  in  New-York,  and  these  great  men  never  met  each  other.  Dr.  S. 
said  of  him  that  he  wrote  Latin  in  greater  purity  than  any  man  he  had  ever 
known.  In  few  men  did  greater  and  more  amiable  qualities  unite.  His  last 
sickness  affected  his  mind  and  rendered  him  melancholy  for  a  while,  but 
his  mind  became  again  serene,  and  he  was  cheerful  and  happy.  A  little  be- 
fore his  death,  his  house  was  filled  with  his  people,  who  came  from  all  parts 
of  the  city  to  see  him,  and  he  left  them  with  his  blessing,  in  such  a  solemn 
manner  that  it  was  thought  that  he  did  as  much  good  in  his  death  as  in 
his  life. — See  Dr.  Rogers's  Historical  Discourse. 

"Westervelt,  John  p.  enters  the  independent  Seceder  Ch.  1842;  Johnstown 
and  Mayfield,  1845-55,  became  Presbyt. 


THE   MINISTRY.  2G7 

Wcstcrvclt,  Ralph,  (son-in-law  of  S.  Froeli;^h,)  studied  under  his  father- 
in-law,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1801  ;  Rochester,  Wawarsing,  1802-8,  and  Clove, 
1807-8,  Bethlehem  and  Cocymans,  1808-lG,  Wynantskill,  181G-22,  d. 
while  preparing  to  secede. 

TVestervclt,  Sam.  D.  N.Y.U.  1839,  1.  bySeceders,  1839;  New-York,  1839- 
50,  became  a  Presbyt. 

Weltvefr,  Adiuan,  E.g.  18G5,  N.B.S.  1868,  1.  CI.  Holland,  1808;  "\Ves- 
terlo,  1868— 

Westfall,  Bcnj.  B.  b.  at  Claverack,  1798,  U.C.  1823,  N.B.S.  1820,  1.  CI.  N. 
B.  1820  ;  Miss,  at  Sand  Beach,  1827-8,  Rochester  and  Clove,  1828-3-4, 
Rochester,  1834-8,  Stone  Arabia  and  Ephratah,  1838^4,  d. 
He  was  brought  up  on  a  farm,  and,  while  still  a  youth,  had  such  deep 
convictions  of  sin,  that  he  would  lie  down  in  the  furrow  to  get  out  of  sight. 
In  the  nine  years  of  his  settlement  in  Ulster  Co.,  about  300  were  brought 
into  the  church  under  his  ministry.  In  Montgomery  Co.,  where  were  his 
second  charges,  during  the  excessive  labors  and  anxieties  of  a  precious  re- 
vival, he  was  seized  with  disease,  which  resulted  in  his  death,  lie  possess- 
ed great  firmness,  and  was  unyielding  in  regard  to  truth,  yet  he  was  far 
from  being  dogmatical  or  exclusive,  so  as  to  wish  to  unchurch  those  who 
did  not  agree  with  liim.  He  was  a  rigid  Calvinist  in  his  theology,  yet  a 
warm  advocate  of  revivals  of  religion.  His  own  zeal  was  untiring  in  seek- 
ing to  save  souls,  and  he  mourned  over  the  lukewarmness  of  both  ministers 
and  people.  His  sermons  breathed  his  own  high  convictions  of  truth,  and 
he  aimed  at  the  understandings  and  consciences  of  his  hearers.  His  soul 
travailed  in  birth  for  his  people,  that  Christ  might  be  formed  in  them,  the 
hope  of  glory. 

Westfall,  Simon  V.  E.  b.  at  Rhinebeck,  1802,  R.O.  1831,  N.B.S.  1834,  I.Cl. 

Rensselaer,1834,  Hyde  Park,  183-^7,  Union  and  Salem,  1837-47,  Miss. 

in  Illinois,  1847-8,  Pekin,  1849-53,  Vanderveer,  1853,  Pekin,  1853-0,  d. 

After  a  long,  arduous,  and  discouraging  effort  to  build  up  an  eminent 
Dutch  Church  in  the  young  city  of  Pekin,  111.,  he  returned  to  his  native 
East,  to  spend  his  declining  days.  Barely  settled  in  his  new  home,  and 
engaged  to  supply  the  2d  Church  of  Rotterdam,  on  a  certain  Sabbath,  he 
was  taken  sick  on  the  Saturday  evening  preceding,  ^  and  died  in  the  house 
of  the  elder  with  whom  he  stayed.  "Ecstasy!  ecstasy!"  was  repeatedly 
uttered  by  him,  in  his  sickness,  while  vi.sions  of  glory  passed  before  his 
mind.  He  was  a  man  of  settled  purpose,  inflexible  integrity,  of  a  modest 
and  diffident  spirit,  clear  in  personal  piety,  diligent  in  study  and  adminis- 
tration, tender  and  faithful  in  pastoral  labors,  enjoying  the  confidence  of 
his  brethren  and  commanding  the  respect  of  the  world. 

[Weyberg,  Ca.sparus  Diederus ;  Easton,  Pa.  Ap.-Oct.  1703,  Philadelphia, 

1703-90,  d.] 

He  was  a  Swiss  by  birth,  and  after  being  educated  in  Europe,  came  as  a 
minister  to  this  country,  about  1763.     He  left  Easton  so  soon  on  account  of 


268  THE    MINISTRY. 

the  large  size  of  the  circuit.  But  in  Philadelphia  he  found  sad  feuds  in 
the  congregation.  The  previous  pastorates  had  been  brief.  The  church 
was  the  reproach  of  the  world.  But  with  his  arrival,  peace  and  prosperity 
began.  lie  was  a  warm  patriot  and  defender  of  the  cause  of  liberty  in  the 
Revolutionary  struggle.  He  became  a  chaplain  in  the  army.  When  the 
British  held  Philadelphia,  he  preached  to  the  Hessian  troops,  and  boldly 
vindicated  the  American  cause.  He  denounced  the  wickedness  of  the 
oppressors.  Not  a  few  of  the  Hessian  troops  deserted  the  British  flag, 
through  his  preaching.  He  was  cast  into  prison,  and  his  church  was  used 
as  a  hospital. 

He  was  remarkable  for  his  calm  determination.  He  took  an  independent 
course  in  his  ministry,  not  caring  for  the  judgment  of  men.  He  was  an 
earnest  preacher,  though  with  an  impediment  in  his  voice. 

[Weyberg,  Philip.    In  Pennsylvania,  176.-7. .] 

[Weymer,  Jacob,  Heidelberg,  Lyntown,  Albany,  Greenwich,  and  Lowhill, 
Pa.  1770-1,  Conogocheague  and  Hagerstown,  Md.  1771-90,  d.  Also 
organized  and  served  Chambersburg,  1784-5,] 

Whitbeck,  Andrew,  studied  under  Livingston  ?  1.  18  . . 

WniTBECK,  John,  R.C.  1837,  N.B.S.  18-40,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1840;  Waterford, 
1841-8,  Arcadia,  1849-52,  Caroline,  1852-08. 

Whitbeck,  R.  M.  R.C.  1859,  KB.S.  1862,  l.Cl.  N.B.  1802  ;  Mapletown,  (and 
S.S.  Buel,  Presbyt.)  1863-4,  Tyre,  1865-8. 

White,  Erskine  N.  from  Presbt.  N.Y.  1858  ;  Richmond,  S.  I.  1858-02,  (New- 
Rochelle,  Huguenot  Ch.)  1862— 

White,  Geo.  W.C.  1861,  Aub.  S.  1864, 1.  Presby.  of  Cayuga,  1863  ;  Schagh- 
ticoke,  1864 — 

Whitehead,  Chas.  b.  1801,  D.C.  1823,  N.B.S.  1826,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia, 
1826;  (Batavia  Presb.  1827-8,)  Hopewell,  1828-35,  Somerville  2d, 
1835-9,  Fishkill,  Presbt.  1840-2,)  Walden,  1842-9,  Houston  St.  N.Y.O. 
1849,  Poughkeepsie,  2d,  1849-52,  Washington  Heights,  1853-61,  Chap- 
lain in  City  Hospital,  1861 — 

Whiting,  ....  Princetown,  18. .  — 1822  ?  became  a  Baptist. 

Wiggins,  Ebenezer,  U.N.Y.  1834,  N.B.S.  1837,  1.  CI.  1837;  Totowa, 
1837-56,  Manhattan,  N.Y.C.  1857— 

Wiley,  Chas.  Utica,  1846,-54,  Geneva,  1860-5,  w.  c. 

Will,  Peter,  (London,  Eng.  17 .  .-1802,)  Ger.  Ref.  N.Y.  C.  1802-4,  returned 
to  Europe. 

Willets,  Alphonso  A.  From  M.E.  Church  1849  ;  Philadelphia  1st,  1849-60, 
Brooklyn,  1860-65,  Lee  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  1865-66,  (Arch  St.  Philadel- 
phia, Presbyt.)  1866— 

Williams,  Melancthon  B.    C.N.J.  1814;  Lysander,  1834-7. 


TUE    MINISTRY.  2G9 

Williamson,  Geo.  R.  b.  at  CaklwoU,  N.Y.  1823,  R.C.  1840,  N.B.S.  1843,  1. 
CI.  N.Y.  1843;  Ghent  2d,  1844-8,  Newark,  2d,  1848-1),  Amity, 
1849-52,  died,  Sept.  4,  caused  by  explosion  of  boiler,  on  steamboat  Rein- 
deer. 

He  was  a  man  of  earnest  spirit,  of  sound  faith,  and  of  pious  life,  remarka- 
bly conscientious  in  dut}^,  zealous  for  God's  glory  and  tlio  edification  of 
the  church  ;  pure  and  delicate  as  a  woman  ;  of  sweet  disposition,  yet  Arm 
and  manly  in  his  devotion  to  truth  and  right.  He  was  industrious  as  a 
student  and  writer.  His  discourses  were  eminently  serious,  practical,  and 
instructive.  He  had  a  well-balanced  mind,  a  discriminating  judgment,  and 
a  rich  command  of  language.  He  was  a  brother  universally  beloved.  But 
he  was  cut  off  in  the  flower  of  his  days,  by  the  explosion  of  the  boiler,  on 
the  steamboat  Reindeer,  his  wife  and  child  receiving  fetal  injuries  at  the 
same  time.  His  death  was  a  triumph  of  Christian  faith.  He  was  author  of 
the  Life  of  Iici\  David  Aheel,  his  uncle. — See  Memorial  Sermons,  in  Cy- 
irress  Wreath. 

Williamson  N.  DuBois,  R.C.  1840,  N.B.S,  1843,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1843; 
Pckin,  1848-9,  Cicero,  1849-50,  Chatham,  1850-1,  Glenville,  2d,  1851-5, 
Wawarsing,  1855-61,  Pekin,  (S.S.)  1861-2,  Chicago,  Livingston  Ch. 
1862-4,  Havana,  (S.S.)  1866,  Sab.  School  Miss.  1866  — 

Williamson,  Peter  S.  C.N.J.  1824,  N.B.S.  1834,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1834; 
Rockaway,  1835-9,  Brooklyn  4th,  (Wallabout,)  1841-2,  teaching  atScho- 
dack  Academy,  1843,  at  Belleville,  1843-6,  at  Jamaica,  1840,-52,  at  San 
Francisco,  1852 — 

Willis,  Ralph,  R.C.  1839,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1842;  Beth- 
lehem, 1842-51,  Freehold  1st,  1851-68,  supplying  Spotswood,  1SG8. 

fWilly,     1780?  inG.KC] 

[Willy,  Bernhard  F.  b.  in  Switzerland;  c.  to  America,  1784;  Reading,  Pa. 
1785-6,  AVoodstock,  Va.  independent,   1786  ?-1810,  d.] 

Wilson,  Ab.  D.  Q.C.  1811,  N.B.S.  1815,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1815;  New-Prospect, 
and  Shawangunk,  1816-29,  North-Branch,  1831-7,  Miss,  to  Illinois, 
1837-41,  Fail-view,  1841-56,  w.  c. 

Wilson,  Ces.  W.  N.B.S.  1863,  1.  CI.  Geneva,  1863 ;  Miss,  to  Kewascum, 
1864-7,  to  Two-Rivers,  1867— 

Wilson,  Fked.  F.  R.C.  1859,  N.B.S.  1862,  1.  CI.  Raritan,  1862  ;  Glenville, 
2d,  1864— 

Wilson,  Hugh  N.  C.N.J.  1830,  P.S.  1834,  (South-Hampton,  L.T.  1834-. ., 
Hackettstown,  N.J.  18.. -58,  Presbyt.)  New-Brunswick  2d,  1858-62 
Presbyt. 

Wilson,  Jas.  B.  R.C.  1848,  N.B.S.  1851,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1851  ;  Long-Branch, 
1851— 


270  THE   MIXISTRT. 

Wilson,  Joseph,  N.B.S.  1821, 1.  CI.  N.B.  1821  ;  (Middletown  and  Cantivell's 
Bridge,  Presbyt,  of  New-Oastle,  1832-30,  Greenbush  Village,  Presbyt. 
1830-2,)  Westerlo,  1832-4,  Athens,  1834-6,  Fairfield  and  Little-Falls, 
1838-45,  Tarrytown,  1845-9,  Fairfield,  1849— 

Wilson,  Peter  Q..  .  KC.  1858,  N.B.S.  18G1,  1.  CI.  Raritan,  18G1 ;  Green- 
bush,  18G1-5,  w.c. 

[Winckhaus,  John  H.  b.  in  Prussia,  1758,  University  of  Duisburg,  1779,  1. 
1779,  (Berchum,  in  Limburg,  Prussia,  1780-2;)  c.  to  America,  1784; 
Worcester,  Whitpain  and  New-Providence,  Pa,  1784-7,  Philadelphia, 
1790-3,  d.] 

Winfield,  Aaron  B.  b.  at  Montague,  N.J.  1815.  B.C.  1839,  N.B.S.  1842, 1. 
CI.  Orange,  1842 ;  (Friendsville,  Pa.  Presbyt.)  1842-4,  Sand-Beach,  1844- 
51,  Paramus,  1851-6,  Emeritus,  d. 

His  paternal  ancestors  were  English  ;  his  maternal,  of  Hollandish  descent. 
They  were  among  the  sturdy  pioneers  who  settled  the  Shawangunk  valley. 
He  was  brought  into  the  church  at  the  early  age  of  seventeen  under  the 
pastoral  care  of  Rev.  CO.  Eltinge,  then  ministering  at  Port  Jervis.  He  felt 
deeply  the  influences  of  the  powerful  revival  in  New-Brunswick,  in  1837, 
and  was  the  means  of  transmitting  some  of  those  blessed  influences  to  his 
own  home  on  the  Delaware,  by  giving  an  account  of  them  to  the  people. 
By  simple  statements  about  them,  at  prayer-meetings,  without  a  single  ser- 
mon, there  were  eleven  hopeful  conversions.  During  his  last  year  in  the 
seminary,  his  severe  application  to  study  broke  down  his  health,  and  his 
subsequent  abundant  labors,  preaching  or  speaking  often  every  day  in  the 
week  during  his  first  settlement,  did  not  improve  it.  He  was  an  earnest 
and  powerful  preacher.  His  appeals  to  the  conscience  and  heart  were  direct 
and  faithful,  impressive  and  often  awakening.  Ready  in  the  Scriptures, 
gifted  and  forcible  in  his  reasonings,  striking  in  his  illustrations,  and  natur- 
ally eager  for  his  object,  he  often  poured  forth  a  stream  of  startling  truth, 
sending  joy  or  terror  to  the  heart.  He  proclaimed  his  convictions  of  truth 
and  duty  regardless  of  the  applause  or  frown  of  men. 

Winter,  Egbert,  R.C.  1860,  N.B.S.  1863,  1.  01.  Holland,  1863  ;  Cudde- 
backville,  1863-6,  Pella  1st,  1866— 

[Wirtz,  John  Conrad,  c.  to  America  before  1746  ;  Sancon,  and  Springfield, 
Pa.  1746-9,  Rockaway  and  Valley,  N.J.  1750-62,  York,  Pa.  1762-3,  d.] 
Born  in  Zurich,  Switzerland,  he  came  to  America  before  1746,  and,  unli- 
censed, preached  to  the  people,  at  their  earnest  solicitation,  that  they  might 
not  be  altogether  destitute  of  the  word  of  life.  He  frankly  stated  the  cir- 
cumstances to  Schlatter,  and  asked  for  a  regular  induction  to  the  ministry. 
This  he  failed  to  obtain  from  Schlatter.  The  Presbytery  of  New-Bruns- 
wick finally  ordained  him  (1752)  over  the  church  of  Rockaway,  which  had 
sought  their  care  and  government.     In  York,  his  last  settlement,  tradition 


THE  MINISTRY.  271 

has  preserved  his  name  in  good  savor,  as  an  earnest  and  pious  minister. 
At  the  hiying  of  the  corner-stone  of  his  new  church,  at  York,  he  said,  "  Tn 
the  church  now  to  be  erected,  may  piety  preside,  holiness  reign,  truth  ever 
prevail,  love  and  harmony  dwell,  that  the  congregation  may  uninterrupted- 
ly flourish." — Uarhaugh's  Lives. 

Wiseman,  John,  from  Ind.  Ch.  England,  1851,  S.S.  Stone  House  Plains, 

1851-2. 

[Wissler, ,  c.  to  America,  1752,  d.] 

[Witner,  John  George,  Upper  Milford,  Pa.  and  Salzburgh,  1771-9,  d.] 

TToltman,  Harm,     II.  C.  18G6,  student  in  U.S.,  1809. 

"Wood,  Joel,  Fort  Miller,  18-10-5,  d.     Had  been  a  Miss,  to  Indians. 

WooDBRiDGE,  Samuel  M.,  N.Y.U.  1838,  N.B.S.  1841,  1.  CI.  L.I.  1841  ; 
South-Brooklyn,  184-1-50,  Coxsackie  2d,  1850-2,  New-Brunswick  2d, 
1852-7,  Prof.  Ecc.  Hist,  and  Ch.  Gov.  in  N.B.S.  1857— Also  Prof.  Ment. 
Phil,  in  R.C.  1857. 

■\Yoodhull,  Selah  Strong,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1786,  C.C.  and  Y.C.  1802,  studied  un- 
der his  uncle.  Dr.  "Woodhull,  of  Freehold,  and  at  P.S.  1.  Presbyt.  N.B. 
1805  ;  (Bound  Brook,  Presbyt.)  1805-6,  Brooklyn,  1806-25,  Prof.  Ecc. 
Hist,  in  N.B.S.  and  of  Metaphysics  and  Philosophy  in  R.C.  1825-6,  d. 
He  was  the  impersonation  of  activitj%  decision,  energy,  and  persevering 
industry  ;  you  could  see  all  this  in  his  very  expression  and  manner.  His 
motto  seemed  to  be  onward  and  onward,  still  further  upward  and  upward, 
still  higher.  He  seemed  to  say  in  his  every  movement,  life  admits  not  of 
amusement,  or  of  procrastination,  or  even  of  useless  speculation.  He  was 
everywhere  the  thorough  man  of  business,  the  thoroughly  practical  man. 
It  is  said  of  him,  that,  even  when  leaving  his  home  for  recreation,  he  pro- 
vided himself  with  texts,  pens,  ink,  and  paper,  that  he  might  spend  some  of 
his  time  in  the  composition  of  sermons,  and  be  beforehand  with  his  work. 
His  remarks  to  the  students  when  meeting  them  for  the  first  time  after  his 
inauguration  as  professor  in  the  theological  seminary,  throw  light  upon  his 
character,  "Young  gentlemen,  you  must  expect  while  under  my  charge  to 
study  hard,  and  I  will  set  you  an  example."  The  example  was  before  them 
but  a  short  time.  The  professor  of  much  promise  and  lofty  aspirations  was 
very  soon  laid  low  by  disease,  resulting  in  death.  The  church  expected 
much  from  him,  and  on  good  grounds  ;  but  God  had  ordered  it  otherwise. 
Had  he  been  permitted  to  live  and  to  retain  his  health,  he  would  have  effect- 
ed much. — G.  L. 

Wood.«,  John,  Gibbonsville,  1835-6,  Montville,  1838,  S.S.  at  Preakness,  Dec. 
18-42-June,  18-43. 

TYolff,  W.  from  Germany,  1853,  S.S.  Jeffersonville,  1853^,  Naumbcrg,and 
New-Bremen,  1856-60,  Miss,  tollackensack  3d,  1802,  Warren  and  Plain- 
field,  1805-6. 


272  THE    MINISTRY. 

WoRTMAN,  Dexis,  A.C.  1857,  N.B.S.  1860,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie,  1860; 
South-Bushwick,  1860-3,  Philadelphia  3d,  1863-5,  Schenectady  1st, 
1865— 

["Wuert,  John  C.  from  Switzerland ;  Lehigh  Co.  Pa.  1742-4.] 

WuRTZ,  Wm.  a.  LaFayette  Col.  N.B.S.  1862,  1.  CI  Philadelphia,  1862  ; 
Canastota,  Feb.  1863-8,  w.  c. 

WusT,  W.  C.  from  Holland;  Buffalo,  (IIol.)  1855-6,  Rochester,  1856-64, 
Lodi,  N.  J.  1864-8,  suspended. 

Wyckoff,  a.  N.     R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  1867,  1.  CI.  Raritan,  1867 ;  Glenham, 

1867— 

WyckofT,  Ab.  V.  b.  in  New-Brunswick,  1823,  B.C.  1842,  N.B.S.  1845,  1.  CI. 
N.B.  1845;  Prattsville  1846-51,  Greenburgh,  1851-2,  died  Oct.  20th. 

Wyckoff,  Cor.  R.C.  183.5,  N.B.S.  1838,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1838;  North- 
umberland, 1838-41,  Rochester,  1841-65,  High  Bridge,  1866-9,  w.  c. 

TVyckoff,  De  Witt  B.  R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  1865  ;  1.  CI.  Kingston,  1865  ; 
Woodstock,  1865— 

WyckofF,  Henry  V.  studied  under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1798 ;  Charlestown, 
1799-1803?  Charleston  2d,  1803-20,  suspended;  1822,  seceded; 
Charleston  2d,  Sec.  1822-9,  Charleston  Independent,  1829-1830  d.  about 
1830. 

Wyckofif,  Isaac  N.  b.  near  Millstone,  N.J.,  1792,  R.C.  1813,  N.B.S.  1817, 
I.  CI.  N.B.  1817;  Catskill,  1817-36,  Albany  2d,  1836-66,  d.  1869. 
/'  He  began  the  study  of  the  classics  under  Rev.  John  M.  Van  Harlingen,  of 
Millstone,  in  1806.  His  father  dying  when  he  had  only  begun  his  studies, 
he  was  thrown  very  much  on  his  own  resources.  He  taught  and  labored, 
to  supply  the  necessary  means  for  his  education.  While  in  the  Seminary, 
he  also  was  principal  of  a  Young  Ladies'  School,  in  New-Brunswick.  In 
the  ministry  he  was  most  active,  energetic,  and  devoted.  While  in  his 
first  charge,  greatly  through  his  efforts,  he  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing 
four  new  churches  organized,  contiguous  to  his  own  field.  During  his 
thirty  j-ears  of  service  at  Albany,  he  received  more  than  a  thousand  into 
the  communion  of  the  church.  He  was  especially  noted  for  his  kind  offices 
to  all  in  need  of  consolation  or  advice.  His  opinion  was  sought  after  by  all 
classes.  He  gladly  left  his  study  and  his  books,  to  do  any  favor  possible, 
even  for  the  humblest.  He  was  well  acquainted  with  the  personal,  mental, 
moral,  and  social  condition  of  his  numerous  flock.  He  was,  moreover,  the 
unwearied  friend  of  the  more  recent  Holland  immigrants,  many  of  whom 
are  greatly  indebted  to  him  for  his  opportune  advice  and  assistance.  He 
was  also  ever  foremost  among  the  friends  of  every  benevolent  institution. 
For  the  last  twenty  years  of  his  active  life,  he  was  the  earnest,  faithful, 
committee-man.  Not  a  few  young  men  were  also  indebted  to  his  kindly 
assistance  in  reaching  the  ministry. 


-n|VAHRitcii- 


THE    MINISTRY.  273 

He  was  a  maa  of  simple,  honest,  cheerful,  unaffected  piety.  There  was 
nothing  sour  or  repulsive  in  his  composition.  Gloom  and  austerity  were 
not  ingredients  in  his  religion.  Being  a  Christian  disciple  without  reserve, 
he  rejoiced  to  know  and  do  his  Master's  will.  His  cheerfulness,  his  self- 
control,  his  patience,  his  charit}',  all  were  tried,  as  God  tries  the  graces  of 
all  his  people  ;  but  it  was  plain  to  those  who  knew  him  best,  that  in  the 
sunshine  and  in  the  shade,  he  could  "sing  songs  of  holy  ecstasy,  to  waft 
him  to  the  skies." 

Ilis  home  he  made  a  Iietliel.  Ilis  hospitalitj'-  was  unbounded.  Stran- 
gers and  friends  were  welcome  to  his  board,  but  none  ever  passed  his  thresh- 
old, to  converse  M'ith  him  in  the  seclusion  of  his  abode,  without  feeling 
that  they  had  communed  with  a  man  who  walked  with  God. 

To  him  religion  was  not  a  pack  to  be  carried  on  bent  shoulders,  and 
opened  now  and  then  for  exhibition  to  the  curious,  but  an  inward  fountain, 
always  running  and  always  clear.  The  spontaneity  of  his  Aiith  precluded 
the  indulgence  of  mere  cant.  The  light  of  the  cross  was  on  his  brow,  and 
the  breath  of  Olivet  animated  his  speech.  He  seldom  or  never  made  harsh 
and  uncharitable  remarks  concerning  others.  A  shrewd  observer  and  a 
discriminating  judge  of  conduct,  still  such  was  the  habit  of  his  heart  that 
even  in  cases  where  he  had  suffered  injury,  he  strove  to  find  some  room 
for  the  exercise  of  patient  charity.  To  hear  him  pray  in  his  family  circle 
was  to  be  borne  up  to  the  mount  of  vision.  Then  the  Aither's  heart  mounted 
to  the  prophet's  lips,  and  he  seemed  to  converse  with  God — as  friend  holds 
fellowship  with  friend.  In  all  his  domestic  regulations,  there  was  a  savor 
of  heaven,  and  none  could  see  him  in  the  quiet  ways  of  his  household 
without  saying,  "  There  is  a  man  who  lives  his  religion,  and  whose  religion 
is  his  life." 

He  was  preeminently  a  biblical  preacher,  combining  the  doctrinal, 
practical,  and  experimental.  His  jierson,  voice,  manner,  and  matter  were 
striking,  and  accordingly  he  took  a  front  rank  among  the  leading  pulpit 
divines  of  the  State  of  New-York.  His  style  of  composition  was  picturesque, 
and  on  this  account  there  seemed  to  be  in  his  sermons,  at  times,  a  contest 
between  imagination  and  the  logic  of  homely  words.  But  every  discour.se 
was  directedto  the  great  end  of  all  right  and  good  preaching,  namely,  the  in- 
struction and  edification  of  the  hearer.  He  studied  to  make  the  AVord  of 
"God  the  foundation  of  every  discourse.  As  a  rule,  his  sermons  were  clear 
and  powerful  applications  of  truth  to  the  hearts,  consciences,  and  judgments 
of  his  congregation. 

He  published  several  sermons,  addresses,  and  articles  on  special  subjects 
for  the  newspapers  and  magazines.  The  Columlla  County  Pre(ichei\  the 
National  Preacher^  and  the  archives  of  several  institutions,  contain  man}'' 
of  his  published  productions.  He  was  a  copious  contributor  to  the  Annals 
of  the  American,  Pulpit^  by  Dr.  Sprague. — Memorial  Sermon  hj  E.  S.  P. 

Wyckoff,  Jacob  S.     B.C.  1853,  N.B.S.  1850,  1.  S.  CI.  L.  I.  185G ;  Colt'a 
Neck,  1850-05,  South  AVest-Troy,  1805— 
18 


274  THE   MINISTRY. 

Wtckoff,  Jas.  R.C.  1861,  N.B.S.  1864,  1.  CI.  Geneva,  1864;  Queens, 
1864— 

Wyckoff,  Theodore  F.  b.  at  Catskill,  1820,  (son  of  I.  N.  Wyckoff,)  R.C. 
1839,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1842  ;  Ghent  2d,  1843-4,  South  West- 
Troy,  1845-54,  St.  Thomas,  W.  I.  1854-5,  d.  Jan.  19. 
He  was  distinguished  for  the  mental  graces  with  which  he  was  adorned, 
the  faithfulness  with  which  his  pastoral  duties  were  discharged,  for  the  gen- 
tleness of  his  disposition,  the  amenity  of  his  manners,  and  the  eminent 
social  qualities  which  endeared  him  to  the  high  and  low,  the  rich  and  poor. 
He  was  also  a  finished  scholar.  His  passionate  love  of  his  Maker's  works, 
his  high  appreciation  of  the  beautiful  in  art,  were  sources  of  unbounded 
pleasure  to  him — a  pleasure  which  he  often  imparted  to  others  with  his 
facile  pen.  His  contributions  to  the  press,  as  well  as  his  public  addresses, 
evidenced  a  refined  taste  and  a  highly  cultivated  mind,  vi'inning  him  a  high 
position  for  one  of  his  years.  His  health  led  him  to  settle  in  the  West- 
Indies,  but  in  a  few  weeks  he  was  stricken  down  by  the  yellow  fever  and 
died. 

Wynkoop,  Jefferson,  U.C.  1819,  N.B.S.  1824,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1824;  West 
New-Hempstead  and  Ramapo,  1825-36,  Athens,  1838-40,  (Presbyt. 
1840-54,)  w.c.  1854— 

Wynkoop,  Peter  S.  b.  at  Kingston,  1787,  U.C.  1807,  N.B.S.  1813, 1.  CI.  N.B. 

1813;  assistant  of  Vredenburgh,  at  Raritan,  1813-14,  Catskill,  1814-17, 
\    Hyde   Park,  (Staatsburgh,)  1817-20,    Hyde   Park  and  Pleasant  Plain, 

1820-2,  Ghent  and  Hillsdale  1822-40,  Ghent  and  Claverack  2d,  1840-3, 

Blooming  Grove,  1844r-8,  d. 

He  pursued  the  study  of  the  law,  and  began  to  practice  his  profession  in 
1810,  but  about  this  time  his  heart  was  touched  by  grace,  and  he  promptly 
and  cheerfully  relinquished  the  prospect  of  worldly  honor  and  emolument, 
and  gave  himself  to  the  ministry.  His  labors  were  largely  blessed.  His 
views  of  divine  truth  were  clear  and  discriminating  ;  his  faith  was  the  result 
of  intelligent  conviction,  and  he  was  firm  in  his  adherence  to  it.  There 
was  no  tendency  in  his  mind  to  indulge  in  novel  speculations.  Intent  on 
the  great  objects  of  the  ministry,  realizing  that  he  watched  for  souls,  as  one 
that  must  give  account,  his  talents  and  time  were  not  wasted  on  questions 
of  doubtful  disputation,  which  minister  strife  but  do  not  edify.  He  practi- 
cally adopted  the  resolution  of  the  apostle  to  know  nothing  but  Christ. 
His  discourses  were  constructed  with  a  constant  regard  to  the  spiritual 
interests  of  his  flock.  As  a  vigilant  observer  of  circumstances  which  aid 
the  impression  of  truth,  he  exhibited  skill  in  giving  to  each  his  portion  in 
due  season.  His  earnestness  of  manner  indicated  that  it  was  the  utterance 
of  truth  which  had  its  residence  in  the  heart,  and  that,  as  he  believed,  he 
spoke.  His  hearers  were  regarded  as  hastening  to  the  reti-ibution  of  the 
eternal  state,  and  his  aim  was,  by  the  manifestation  of  truth,  to  commend 
himself  to  every  man's  conscience  in  the  sight  of  God.     He  was  faithful 


THE    MINISTRY,  275 

and  diligent  in  the  cultivation  of  personal  piety ;  he  was  accustomed  to  a 
strict  scrutin}'  of  his  heart,  bringing  himself  to  the  oracles  of  God,  as  a  stand 
ard  b}'  which  his  spiritual  character  was  to  be  determined.  He  was  a  man 
of  prayer.  lie  was  accustomed  to  retire  and  seek  at  his  Father's  throne  the 
anointings  of  the  Spirit,  which  invigorated  his  own  soul,  and  infused  a  spir- 
itual fragrance  through  his  ministry  and  life.  His  walk  was  close  with 
God.  His  meditations  of  him  were  sweet,  filling  up  many  of  his  hours. 
At  noon,  as  well  as  at  evening  and  morning,  he  bowed  at  the  family  altar. 
He  was  strictly  conscientious,  even  to  personal  sacrifices.  His  time,  his 
powers,  his  influence,  were  unreservedly  and  fully  consecrated  to  God.  No 
motives  of  personal  ambition  or  advancement  found  place  in  his  heart. — 
Memorial  Sei'inon  by  B.  H. 

(\Tynkoop,  Richard,  C.C.  1819,  N.B.S.  1822,  1.  by  Presbyt. ;  Miss,  to  Cato 
1827,  d.  1842.) 

Yasadias,  V.  studied  under  the  Missionaries  in  India,  1.  CI.  Arcot,  1867. 

Yates,  Andrew,  b.  in  Schenectady,  1772,  Y.C.  1793,  studied  theology  under 
Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1796 ;  Prof.  Latin  and  Greek  in  Union  College, 
1797-1801,  (East-Hartford  Cong.  1801-14,)  Prof.  Mental  and  Moral  Phi- 
losophy, Union  College,  1814-25,  Prin.  of  High  School  at  Chittenango, 
1825-36,  the  helper  of  feeble  churches,  1836-44,  d. 

With  frequent  interruptions  in  his  earlier  studies  from  feeble  health,  he 
still  persevered  and  graduated  with  honor.  No  man  had  a  more  exalted 
idea  of  the  duties  of  the  sacred  oflBce,  and  few  have  performed  these  duties 
with  greater  fidelity  or  success.  He  was  afraid  to  offend  God,  and  this 
made  him  fearless  of  men.  Hence  he  never  entered  into  a  compromise 
with  error  or  wickedness.  What  he  believed  to  be  true  and  right,  he  open- 
ly proclaimed.  Yet  all  he  did  was  done  with  so  kind  a  spirit  that  however 
much  men  might  disagree  with  him,  they  never  doubted  that  his  conduct 
was  dictated  by  uprightness  and  affection.  During  his  pastoral  relation, 
frequent  and  powerful  revivals  of  religion  were  enjoyed,  and,  indeed,  at  no 
time  were  wanting  the  pleasing  manifestations  of  the  Spirit's  presence. 
He  also  trained  a  number  of  young  men  in  theological  studies,  besides  his 
pastoral  duties,  and  when  he  resigned  his  pulpit  some  of  these  followed 
him  to  Schenectady,  that  they  might  still  enjoy  his  instructions. 

While  teaching  he  was  also  alwa3's  engaged,  more  or  less,  in  preaching 
the  Gospel.  There  were  but  few  churches  of  the  Presbyterian  order  with- 
in thirty  miles  of  Schenectady  in  which  he  had  not  often  proclaimed  the 
preciousncss  of  Christ.  He  was  also  a  principal  agent  in  securing  the 
establishment  of  a  missionary  station  for  the  Indians,  at  Mackinaw,  Michi- 
gan, about  1823. 

While  teaching  at  Chittenango,  he  organized  a  church  there  and  became 
its  pastor.  During  the  last  eight  years  of  his  life  he  was  the  unceasing 
friend  and  helper  of  feeble  churches.  He  established,  resuscitated,  or 
greatly  aided  no  less  than  thirteen  during  this  period.  He  died  of  disease 
contracted  by  his  abundant  labors.     His  last  effort  was  the  establishment 


276  THE    MINISTRY. 

of  a  church  at  Sacondaga,  but,  ten  days  before  its  dedication,  sitting  in  his 
chair,  and  on  the  blessed  Sabbath  that  he  loved  so  well,  he  placidly 
breathed  out  his  soul,  without  a  pang  or  a  groan. 

There  was  no  intricate  complexity  either  in  his  principles  or  conduct.  Witli 
a  well-balanced  mind,  he  possessed  the  transparent  simplicity  of  a  child, 
joined  to  a  oneness  of  untiring  purpose.  Love  was  the  great  principle  of 
his  heart,  and  by  its  power,  selfishness,  in  all  its  varied  forms,  was  over- 
borne. It  was  the  law  of  his  house  to  rejoice  with  them  that  do  rejoice, 
and  to  weep  with  them  that  weep.  But  his  most  prominent  characteristic 
was  his  indomitable  hope.  Unshaken  confidence  in  the  divine  promises 
ever  cheered  him  on,  for  he  knew  that  God  would  not  fail  him.  •  However 
dark  the  outward  prospect  seemed,  he  never  doubted  but  that  God  would 
clear  away  all  clouds. — Memorial  Sermon  ly  W.  II.  C. 

Yates,  John  Austin,  (s.  of  Andrew  Yates,)  b.  at  East-Hartford,  Ct.  18. . ., 
N.B.S.  1824,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1824;  tutor  in  U.O.  1824-7,  Prof.  Oriental 
Langs,  in  U.C.  1827-49,  called  to  Jersey  City  1st,  1849,  accepted,  but 
died  before  settlement. 

YouNGBLOOD,  WiLLiAM,  b.  at  Montgomery,  N.Y.  1800,  E.C.  1832,  N.B.S. 

1835,  1.  CI.  Orange,  1835  ;  voyage  to  Batavia,  (Java,  E.  I.)  June-Sept. 

1836,  Batavia,  1836-8,  (studying  the  Malay  language,)  voyage  to  Borneo, 
by  way  of  Singapore,  Dec.  1838-Sept.  1839,  teaching  a  Malay  school  at 
Pontianak,  (Borneo,)  Nov.  1839-42,  Karangan,  (Borneo,)  Sept.  1842-Jan. 
1847,  voyage  to  America,  Jan.-July,  1849,  d.  1859. 

He  had  early  religious  impressions,  which  seem  to  hav6  matured  about 
the  fifteenth  year  of  his  age.  He  then  had  a  strong  desire  to  study  with  a 
view  to  the  ministry.  But  being  the  eldest  of  the  family,  he  was  ne'eded 
at  home  by  his  widowed  mother,  and  for  some  years  took  charge  of  the 
paternal  farm, 

AVhile  in  the  Seminary  his  mind  was  much  exercised  in  regard  to  the 
duty  of  devoting  himself  to  the  foreign  missionary  work.  The  appeals  of 
the  heavenly-minded  and  devoted  David  Abeel,  who  had  just  returned  from 
China,  had  the  effect  of  bringing  him  to  a  decision.  He  was  accepted  b}^ 
the  American  Board,  and  designated,  with  other  brethren  of  our  church,  to 
the  island  of  Java.  They  embarked  on  the  8th  of  June,  1836.  After  many 
efforts,  the  Dutch  Government  not  allowing  them  to  operate  on  that  island, 
they  embarked  for  Pontianak,  on  the  coast  of  Borneo,  in  December  of  1838. 
While  residing  there  some  of  the  brethren  engaged  in  the  study  of  the 
Chinese  language,  with  a  view  of  establishing  a  mission  in  China  as  soon 
as  the  way  opened.  Brother  Youngblood  having  gained  some  knowledge 
of  the  art  of  printing,  and  of  the  Malay  language,  he  spent  his  time  in  vis- 
iting the  neighboring  Kampongs,  preaching  and  distributing  tracts,  and, 
unaided,  he  printed  with  his  own  hands,  by  means  of  a  press  presented  by 
the  officers  of  an  American  squadron,  Malayan  books,  for  the  use  of  a  school 
of  poor  children  he  had  gathered. 


THE    MINISTRY.  277 

At  length,  in  the  beginning  of  tlic  year  1842,  Brothers  Youngblood  and 
Thompson  foiinilcd  a  station  among  tlic  Dyaks,  about  one  hundred  and 
forty  miles  in  the  interior  of  the  island.  After  many  trials,  and  incredible 
toil,  owing  to  the  unwillingness  of  the  natives  to  assist,  they  succeeded  in 
erecting  with  their  own  hands  two  temporary  dwellings  in  the  midst  of 
the  jungle.  After  a  few  months,  joined  by  their  families,  in  these  lonely 
wilds  they  began  the  work  of  pioneer  missionaries.  Brother  Thompson's 
health  soon  failing,  he  departed  for  his  native  land  by  the  way  of  Europe, 
where  he  was  called  to  his  heavenly  home.  About  four  years  after  the 
establishment  of  the  mission  among  the  Dyaks,  Brother  Youngblood's 
health  also  gave  way.  The  trial  of  a  voyage  to  Singapore  not  proving,  as 
Iwped,  efficacious  to  his  restoration,  he  embarked  January,  1849,  for  Ameri- 
ca. This  was  a  trial  harder  to  be  borne  than  when  he  left  his  native  shore. 
The  seed  of  God's  word  had  just  begun  to  germinate  in  some  minds,  and 
now  that  all  prospects  of  usefulness  should  be  destroyed  was  painful  in  the 
extreme.  "  Never,"  said  Mrs.  Y.  to  the  writer,  "did  I  see  my  husband,  in 
all  my  life,  shed  tears  so  profusely,  and  endure  a  trial  so  distressing,  as 
when  he  bade  farewell  to  his  Dyak  field."  No  reenforcements  arriving, 
he  saw  the  mission  must  be  given  up.  For  years  this  good  brother 
lingered,  able  only  to  preach  an  occasional  sei'mon,  till  his  death.  During 
these  years  his  heart  was  still  set  on  the  great  work  of  missions.  He  said 
to  the  writer,  "  I  do  not  regret  having  personally  engaged  in  the  work  of 
foreign  missions,  but  it  is  rather  to  me  a  source  of  joy.  I  feel  that  it  was  the 
highest  honor  conferred  on  me,  in  being  permitted  to  engage  in  this  blessed 
cause,  and  become  a  co-worker  with  the  Lord  of  missions.  Gladly  would 
I  now  return  to  our  distant  field  of  labor,  or  any  other  among  the  heathen, 
did  my  health  and  that  of  my  companion  permit,  and  toil  till  death  for  the 
salvation  of  perishing  men.  It  is  sweet  to  endure  toil  and  privation  for 
Christ."—/.  U.  D. 

Ypma,  Martin  A.  from  Holland;  Vriesland,  1851-3,  Graafschap,  1853-4, 
High  and  Low  Prairie,  1855-61,  Alto,  18G1-3,  d. 

Zabriskie,  Albert  A.  R.C.  18G5,  N.B.S.  18G8, 1.  CI.  Bergen,  1868  ;  Farmer 
Village,  1868— 

Zabriskie,  Francis  N.  (grandson  of  J.  V.  C.  Romeyn,)  N.Y.U.  1850,  N.B.S. 
1855,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1855;  Livingston  Ch.  N.Y.C.  1856-9,  Coxsackie  2d, 
1859-63,  Ithaca,  1863-6,  Claverack,  1866— 

Zabriskie,  Jer.  L.  (grandson  of  J.  L.  Zabriskie,)  C.C.  1854,  N.B.S.  1863 
1.  S.  CI.  L.L  1863  ;  Cuddebackville,  1866— 

Zabriskie,  John  Lansing,  b.  at  Alban}^  1779,  U.C.  1797,  studied  theology 
under  D.  Romeyn,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1800  ;  Greenbush  and  Wynantskill, 
1801-11,  Hillsborough,  (Millstone,)  1811-50,  d. 


2"  8  THE   MINISTRY. 

During  his  long  pastorate  at  Millstone,  he  maintained  his  influence  and 
his  standing  unto  the  end.  He  was  a  man  of  many  excellences  ;  kind, 
social,  unaffected,  and  sincerely  and  zealously  pious  ;  a  gentleman  of  the 
old  school,  simple  in  his  tastes,  unostentatious  in  his  life,  and  unsophisti- 
cated in  his  daily  conduct.  All  who  knew  him  loved  him,  and  those 
who  knew  him  best  esteemed  him  most. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  laborious  and  successful  pastors  in  Somerset 
County.  He  preached  and  lectured  more,  visited  more  families,  and  attend- 
ed more  carefully  to  all  his  public  duties,  than  almost  any  other  minister 
of  his  time.  He  was  considered  by  all  an  exam])le  not  only,  but  a  monitor 
in  his  official  life. 

His  talents  were  good.  His  mind  was  more  judicious,  solid,  and  safe  than 
brilliant,  or  endowed  with  genius.  He  was  a  wise  man,  a  sensible  man,  a 
man  to  be  depended  upon.  His  counsel  was  judicious,  and  no  one  ever 
erred  much  in  following  it.  Hence,  he  himself  made  no  mistakes  of  im- 
portance, had  no  controversies,  and  while  his  friends  were  numerous,  his 
enemies  belonged  to  those  whom  his  principles  and  his  holy  life  necessa- 
rily brought  in  opposition  to  him. 

He  was  an  excellent  preacher ;  and  though  he  seldom  wrote  his  sermons, 
the}^  were  solid,  sensible,  full  of  evangelical  thought,  and  listened  to  with 
profit  by  all  the  earnest-hearted  and  godly  in  his  congregation.  His  know- 
ledge of  the  Gospel  was  full,  distinctive,  and  clear ;  and  when  he  had  dis- 
cussed any  one  of  its  doctrines,  his  hearers  felt  that  they  had  had  very 
important  matters  brought  to  their  consideration,  in  a  way  which  was 
calculated  to  impress  their  minds,  and  edify  their  hearts.  Few  men  could 
speak  more  judiciously  and  appropriately,  from  the  impulse  of  the  moment, 
on  any  given  theme.  Often  there  was  a  neatness,  terseness,  and  direct- 
ness which  could  not  fail  to  be  highly  pleasing. 

Then  he  was  a  genial  man,  and  in  his  social  intercourse  would  astonish 
and  excite  you  by  his  wit,  his  sarcasm,  and  even  drollery  ;  but  this  was 
only  occasionally,  and  when  he  seemed  to  be  carried  out  of  his  ordinary 
sphere.  Habitually  he  was  grave,  thoughtful,  and  though  not  reserved,  by 
no  means  a  facetious  or  light  man. 

His  life  was  unstained  even  by  a  breath  of  evil.  No  one  doubted  his 
piety,  or  the  sincerity  of  his  admonitions,  when  he  reprobated  vice  or 
reproved  iniquity. 

By  his  simple  habits  and  economy,  while  in  the  receipt  of  only  a  small 
stipend,  he  was  able  to  accumulate  a  large  estate,  and  leave  it  as  an  inherit- 
ance to  his  children.  This,  however,  resulted  chiefly  from  the  early  pos- 
session of  his  own  patrimony,  managed  with  prudence  and  care,  and  not 
from  any  savings  out  of  his  salary.  In  a  word,  he  was  a  good  man,  useful 
in  his  day,  and  he  has  left  a  name  which  will  have  a  savor  of  excellence 
for  many  generations,  among  those  whose  welfare  he  promoted,  and  whose 
fathers  and  mothers  he  led  in  the  way  of  life. — A.  M. 

Zastera,  F.     From  Church  of  Rome.     Miss,  in  4th  Ger.  Ch.,  N.Y.C.  1858. 


THE   MINISTRY.  2Y9 

Zechariaii,  John,  (a  native  Hindoo,)  studied  under  the  missionaries,  1.  CI. 
Arcot,  India,  1867  ;  Catechist  in  Connoor,  18.  .-67,  pastor,  1807 — 

[Ziibli, ,  Charleston,  S.C.  1749.] 

[Zufall,  John,  Tulpchocken,  Pa.  1765-9.] 

Zurcher,  J.  N.     S.S.  at  Silver  Creek,  1853. 

ZwEMER,  A,     From  Holland.     Vriesland,  1858-68,  Low  Prairie,  1868— 


THE  CIIUllCIIES. 


Addisville,  Pa.     18C4:.     Bodinc,  1804-8,  Amerman,  J.  L.  18G8—      • 

Albaxv,  N.Y.  (Rensselaerwyck,  Bcverwyck,)  1G42.  Megapolensis,  J.  1642- 
9,  (Grasmeer,  lG50-l,)Sehaats,  1G52-94,  (Van  Renslacr,  1G75,)  Dellius, 
1G83-99,  Nucella,  1G98-1704,  Lydius,  lTOO-9,  Van  Dricsscn,  P.  1712-38, 
Van  Schie,  1738-44,  Frelinghuysen,  T.  1745-59,  Westerlo,  17GO-90, 
Bassett,  1787-1804,  (Bogart,  D.  S.  1792-6  ?)  Johnson,  J.  B.  1796-1802, 
Bradford,  J.  M.  1805-20,  De  Witt,  J.  (Sr.)  1813-15,  Ludlow,  J.  1823-34, 
Vermilye,  T.  E.  1835-9,  Kennedy,  1841-55,  Rogers,  E.  P.  1856-62,* 
Clark,  R.  W.  18G2— 

Albany,  (Ger.)  1770  ?     Doll,  1772-5. 

Albany  2d,  1815.  De  Witt,  J.  (Sr.)  1815-23,  (Steele,  J.  B.  supplied, 
1823,)  Ferris,  I.  1824-3G,  Wyckoff,  I.  N.  1836-65,  Elmendorf,  J. 
1865— 

"Albaxv  8d,  1834.  Holmes,  E.  1835-40,  Yates,  A.  (S.S.)  1840-1,  Camp- 
bell, W.  H.  1841-8,  Van  Brunt,  1848-9,  Halloway,  (Sr.)  1849--53,  Dick- 
son, 1853-60,  Miller,  W.  H.  18G1-3,  Bailey,  1863-8,  Searle,  J.  1868— 

Albany,  (Hoi.)  1855.     Houbolt,  1861-4,  Biihler,  P.  B.  18G5-6. 

Albany,  (Ger.)  1855.     Schnellendreussler,  1855-65,  Neef,  1865 — 

Albany,  (Dudley  Ch.)  1859.     Dissolved,  1862. 

Albany  Bush,  see  Amsterdam. 

Aliendal,  see  India. 

Allegan,  Mich.  1843.    Taylor,  A.  B.  Miss,  and  S.S.  1842-3. 

Alto,  Wis.  1854.    Stobbelaer,  1858-60,  Ypma,  1861-3,  Pieters,  1865— 

Amersfort,  now  Flatlands. 

Amity,  N.Y.  (Clifton-Park,  Rexfordville,)  1806.  Romeyn,  Thos.  (Jr.)  1806- 
27,  McKelvey,  J.  1827-31,  Van  Wagenen,  1831-4,  Chittenden,  1834-9, 
Bronson,  A.  1840-2,  Halloway,  184.3-9,  Williamson,  G.R.  1849-52,  Ray- 
mond, 1853-G,  Schoonmakcr,  R.L.  1856-61,  Sec,  W.G.E.  1861-8,  Letson. 
1868— • 

Amity  (Miss,  station,)  Dwight,  M.W.  1823,  Murphy,  Miss,  to  1830. 

Amoy,  see  China. 


282  THE    CHURCHES. 

Amsterdam,  N.Y.  (Albany  Bush,)  1795.  Ten  Eyck,  C.  1799-1803.— Pm- 
hyterian. 

Amsterdam,  N.Y.  (Union  Ch.)  1827.  Morris,  J.  Miss,  to,  1827,  Stryker,  H. 
B.  1827-33. — See  Fonda's  Bush  and  Union. 

Ancram,  N.Y.  17. .,   supplied  by  Livingston,   J.  L.   1779-81,  by  Lansing, 

N.  1781-4. 

Angelica,  Alleghany  Co.  N.Y.  1804.     Gray,  A.  1804-10. 

Aquackanonck,  at  Passaic,  N.J.  1694.  Bertholf,  G.  1694-1724,  Du  Bois, 
Gid.  1724-6,  Coens,  1726-35,  Van  Driessen,  J.  1735-48,  Marinus,  1752- 
73,  Schoonraaker,  H.  1774-1816,  Froeligh,  P.D.  1816-25,  Taylor,  B.  0 
1825-8,  PauilisoD,  1829-31,  Bogardus,  W.  R.  1831-56,  Strong,  J.  P. 
1856— 

Aquackanonch,  Seceder,  1825.     Froeligh,  P.  D.  1825-7,  Berdan,  1830 — 

Arcadia,  Cayuga  Co.  N.Y.  1835.    Nevius,  1835-6,  Turner,  W.  E.  1841-8, 
-   Whitbeck,  J.  1849-52,  Snyder,  B.  F.  1855-6,  Turner,  1862-6.  j 

Arcot,  see  India. 

Argyle,  N.Y.  1809,  merged  in  Fort  Miller,  1838.  Ostrander,  S.  (S.S.)  two 
years,  Johnson,  L  Y.  1817-21,  Van  Hook,  1823-4,  McKelvey,  J.  Miss,  to, 
1827,  Mair,  Miss,  to,  1829,  Laing,  1832-3. 

Arnee,  see  India. 

Arunodaya,  see  India. 

Ashokan,  now  Shokan. 

Asquach,  same  as  Osquak. 

Astoria,  L.I.  1839.     Bishop,  1840-52,  Ten  Eyck,  W.  H.  1853— 

Astoria,  2d,  1854.     Revived,  1862.  Wenisch,  1865-6,  Steinfuhrer,  1867— 

Athens,  Greene  Co.  N.Y.  1826.  Abel,  D.  1826-8,  Van  Cleef,  C.  1828-33, 
Wilson,  Jos.  1834-6,  Wynkoop,  Jef.  1830-40,  Holmes,  E.  1840-1,  Wat- 
son, J.  1841-4,  Cornell,  W.  A.  1844-8,  Talmage,  J.  R.  1849-50,  Betts, 
(S.S.)  1852-5,  Buckelew,  1855-9,  Spaulding,  1860-8,  Campbell,  A.  D. 
1S68—  • 

Athens  2d,  N.Y.  1859.     Spaulding,  1860-6. 

Athens,  Pa.  1858.  Todd,  A.  F.  1858-65,  Berry,  P.  1865-8,  Shaw,  J.  F. 
1868— 

Aurelius,  Cayuga  Co.  N.Y.  1813.  Ten  Eyck,  C.  1813-2. 

Auriesville,  1839.     Jukes,  1840-4,  Roof,  1847-50. 

Baisic,  now  Westerlo. 

Battle  Creek,  Mich.  1855,  Schultz,  1855-7,  Brown,  H.  J.  1858-62,  Rogers, 
S.  J.  1862-5,  Collier,  L  1866— 


THE  CHURCHES.  283 

Beach  Woods,  1833.     Mandevillc,  G.  182-1-G. 

Beaveudam,  1763.  Schuyler,  1706-79,  supplied  also  by  Labagh  and  Bork, 
1779-1810,  De  Voe,  1808-16,  Paige,  Miss,  to,  1822,  Van  Hook,  Miss,  to, 
1822,  Bogardus,  C.  1822-5,  Blair,  Miss,  to,  1825,  Van  Wagenen,  1826-31, 
Meyers,  A.  II.  1831-5,  Van  Kleek,  1835-43,  Dcmorcst,  W.  1846-51, 
Veddcr,  E.  1851-5,  Van  Licw,  J.  C.  1856-60,  Miller,  E.  1860— 

Bedmixster,  1758.  Ilardcnbergh,  J.  R.  1758-81,  Romeyn,  T.  F.  1784-5, 
Studdiford,  P.  1787-1800,  Duryee,  J.  1800-1,  Schureman,  1801-7,  Har- 
denbergh,  C.  1808-20,  Fisher,  I.  M.  1821-39,  Schenck,  G.  1840-52,  Brush, 
W.  1852-65,  Pool,  1865— 

Beckman,  Dutchess  Co.  N.Y.  1823.     Amerman,  T.  A.  (S.S.)  1830-1. 

Belleville,  (Second  River,)  1700.  Berthofi",  G.  (S.S.)  1700-24,  Coens, 
1725-30,  Van  Santvoord,  C.  1730-2,  Haeghoort,  1735-76,  Leydt,  M.  1779- 
80,  Schoonmaker,  II.  (S.S.)  1784-94,  Stryker,  P.  1794-1809,  again  1810- 
12,  Van  Santvoord,  S.  1814-28,  Abeel,  G.  1828-34,  Meyers,  A.  H.  1835- 
7,  Garretson,  J.  1837-49,  De  Mund,  1850-G,  Talmage,  T.  D.  W.  1856-9, 
Studdiford,  P.  A.  1859-66,  Ilallovvay,  W.  W.  (Jr.)  1867— 

Bellona,  Ontario  Co.  N.Y.  1831.     AVack,  C.  P.  1831-5. 

Benton,  1817.    Afterward,  Bellona ;  occasionally  supplied  by  Duryee,  John, 

from  New-Jersey. 
Berea,  1822.     Ten  Eyck,  C.  1823— 
Bergen,  1662.      Supplied  by  ministers  from  New-York,  1662-1749,  (De 

Wint,   1749-51,)  Jackson,  ^Y.  1757-89,  Cornelison,  1793-1828,  Taylor, 

B.  C.  1828— 
Bergen  Neck,  1829.     Boice,  I.  C.  1829-44,  Romeyn,  J.  1844-50,  Dutcher, 

1850-4,  Stillwell,  1854-64,  Wells,  T.  W.  1865— 

Bergen  Point,  1854.     Dutcher,  1854-7,  Parker,  Chs.  1857-60,  Jones,  II. 

"W.  F.  1860— 
Berkshire  Valley,  Tioga  Co.  N.Y.  1826.     Mandeville,  G.  1826-8. 

Berne,  1830.  Tarbell,  Miss,  to,  1826,  Van  "Wagenen,  1830-1,  Cahone,  Miss, 
to  1828,  Stryker,  P.  Miss,  to,  1828-9,  Meyers,  A.  II.  1831-5,  Van  Kleek, 
to  1835-48,  Dcmarest,  W.  1846-51,  Vedder,  1851-4,  Van  Liew,  J.  C. 
1856-60,  Miller,  E.  1860— 

Berne  2d,  1830.  Van  Santvoord,  S.  (S.S.)  1831-2,  Van  Arsdale,  J.  R. 
1834-5,  Waring,  (S.S.)  1836,  Knieskern,  1841-5,  Middlemas,  1848-54. 

Bethel,  Iowa,  1866.     De  Pree,  1867— 

Bethlehem,  17...     Bork,  1798-1803,  Overbagh,  1805-6,  Westervelt,  R. 

1808-16,  Kissam,  1818-41,  WiUis,  1843-51,  Simonson,  1852-64,  Voor- 

hees,  H.  M.  1865— 
Bethlehem  2d,  1848.     Lansing,  J.  A.  1848-60,  Pearse,  1860— 


284  THE   CHURCHES. 

Bethlehem,  Wis.  1850. 
Bethlehem,  Secession,  1824. 
Beverwyck.     See  Albany. 

Blawexbukgh,  1832.  Heermance,  Henry,  1832-5,  Talmage,  J.  R.  1837-49, 
Romeyn,  T.  B.  1849-65,  Fritts,  1865— 

Blenheim,  1822  ?  now  South-Gilboa.  Paige,  1822-7,  Salisbury,  1833-4, 
Bogardus,  C.  supplied,  1834. 

Bloomixgeurg,  1820.  Du  Bois,  G.  1820-4,  Van  Vechten,  S.  1824-41, 
Mills,  S.  W.  1848-58,  Searle,  Jer.  (Jr.)  1858-62,  Du  Bois,  H.  1863-66, 
Frazee,  J.  H.  1866— 

Bloomingdale.     See  Nevr-York. 

BLOoiirs-GDALE,  (CI.  Ulster,)  1796,  Smith,  T.  G.  1799-1808,  Hasbrouck,  J. 
R.  H.  1809-13,  Van  Keuren,  1826-35,  McFarlane,  1844-5,  Strong,  T,  C. 
1845-9,  Snyder,  B.  F.  1850-2,  Lente,  1855-63,  Blauvelt,  A.  1866— 

Blogmixg  Grove,  1815.  Marselus,  X.  J.  1815-22,  Taylor,  B.  C.  1822-5, 
Dumont,  1826-8,  Ostrander,  S.  1831-9,  Middlemas,  1840-3,  Wynkoop, 
P.  S.  1844-8,  Cornell,  W.  A.  1848-51,  Spaulding,  1852-6,  Tan  Dyck,  L. 
H.  1856-61,  Staats,  J.  A.  1861-6,  Ingalls,  1868— 

Blue  Mountaix,  1851.  Hillman,  1852-8,  Blauvelt,  C.  J.  1859-62,  Bucke- 
lew,  1864— 

BoARDViLLE,  (Missiou  Station,)  1854.     Bernart,  1856 — 

Boght,  now  Bushwick. 

BoGHT,  1784.  Demarest,  John,  1790-1803,  Bassett,  1805-11,  Bronk,  1813- 
22,  Steele,  J.  B.  1824-33,  Bogardus,  C.  1834-8,  Pitcher,  TV.  1840-54, 
Du  Bois,  J.  1854-9,  Major,  1860-4,  Raymond,  1864— 

Boonton,  now  Montville. 

BooxTOx,  1868.     Durand,  1868— 

Borneo,  see  India. 

BorxD-BROOK,  1846.  Van  Neste,  1847-53,  Demarest,  "W.  1854-7,  Voorhees, 
H.  V.  1858-62,  Romaine,  B.  F.  1862-8,  Dutcher,  1869— 

Bowman's  Kill,  now  Buel. 

Breakabix,  1829.  Paige,  Miss,  to,  1822-6,  Evans,  Wm.  Miss,  to,  1826-7, 
Quaw,  1834-36,  Steele,  J.  B.  (S.S.)  1837,  Eggleston,  1843-5,  Van  Woert, 
J.  H.  1850-3,  See,  ^Y.  G.  E.  1853-9,  Shaflfer,  T.  L.  1860-7,  Vandewater, 
1867-9. 

Branchville,  1850.     Dater,  1^50-3,  Pitcher,  TT.  1854— 


THE  CHURCHES.  285 

BiiinnTON  IIiGiiTs,  S.  T.  (Toiiipkinsvillc,)  1823.  Miller,  J.  E.  1823^7, 
Thompson,  A.  R.  1848-51,  Brett,  P.  M.  1851-GO,  Hitchcock,  18G0-G5, 
Timlow,  18GG-8,  Watson,  T.  18G9— 

BuoNxviLLE,  1850.  Stewart,  1850-2,  Collier,  Jos.  1852-5,  Roosevelt,  1857— 

Brooklyn,  (Midwont,)  IGOO.  (Polhemus,  J.T.  (S.S.)  1G54-60,)  Sel3'ns,  1660- 
•i,  Megapolensis,  S.  1GG4-8,  Van  Zuurcii,  lG77-85,(Clark,  1680-95?)  Var- 
ick,  lG85-y4,  Lupardiis,  1G95-1702,  Freeman,  1705-41,  Antonides,  1705- 
44,  Arondeus,  1743-7,  Van  Sinderin,  1747-84,  Curtenius,  1755-G,  Rubel, 
1759-83,  Schoonmaker,  M.  1785-1824,  Lowe,  P.  1787-1808,  Johnson,  J. 
B.  1802-3,  Woodhull,  180G-25,  Mason,  E.  182G-8,  Rouse,  1828-33, 
.Dwight,  M.  1833-55,  Van  Gieson,  1855-9,  "Willctts,  18G0-5,  Kimball, 
18G5— 

Other  churches  in  Brooklyn: 

Bedford,  or  East-Brooklyx,  1847.  Llojd,  Miss,  to,  1847,  Elmen- 
dorf,  A.  1848-51,  Schenck,  J.  W.  1853-5,  "West,  J.  1855-G8,  Far- 
mer, 1868— 

Bergen  Hill,  1859-61, 

Central,  or  2d,  or  Brooklyn  HEicnxs,  1837.  Garretson,  J.  Miss,  to, 
1836-7,  Brodhcad,  1S41-G,  McLaren,  1847-50,  Bethunc,  1850-59, 
Eells,  1859-66,  Eddy,  1867— 

Chapel  on  the  Heights,  1855.     Quackenbush,  1855-9. 

Fourth,  1841.     "Williamson,  P.  S.  1841-2. 

Ger,  Evang.  E.  D.  1867.  (Formerly  Independent  Lutheran  ;  Pohle, 
1853-66,  Riedenbach,  1866-7.)  "Wagner,  1867— 

Lee  Avenue,  1855.     Halloway,  "W.  W.  1855-9,  Holmes,  J.  McC. 

1859-64,  Willets,  1865-6,  Hicks,  1867-8,  Carroll,  1869— 
Middle,  1846.    Oakey,  1847-9,  Talmage,  J.  R.  1850-2,  Smith,  N.  E. 

1853— 
Myrtle  Av.  Miss.  1808.     Noble,  1868— 
New,  (Ger.)  1851.     Dickhaut,  1854-66,  Heyser,  1867— 
North,  1851.     Elmendorf,  A.  1851-65,  Enjard,  18G5— 
NoRTH-GowANCs,  1850,     Pierce,  1851 — 
North  Sixth  St.  ^lission,  1858. 
South,  1840.     A'an  Arsdale,  C.  C.  supplied  1840-1,   AVoodbridge, 

1841-50,  Rowland,  1853,  Manning,  1854 — 
SouTH-BusHwiCK,  1851.     Himrod,  1851-9,  "Wortman,  1860-3,  Hart- 

ranft,  18G4r-6,  Voorhees,  H.  V.  1867-9. 
"WiLLiAMSBURGn,  1829.     Demarest,  Jas.  (Sr.)  1829-39,  Van  Doren, 

W.  H.  1840-9,  Porter,  1849— 
Broome,  1822.     Paige,  1822-36. 


286  THE    CHURCHES. 

Brown  Settlement,  1851.     Bernart,  1851-4. 

Brunswick,  III.  (Copperas,)  1840.     Sill,  1841-9,  Presbyt, 

BucKBROOK,  1858.     An  out  station  of  Callicoon  since  1863. 

Buel,  (Bowman's  Kill,)  1837.     Starks,  1840-2,  Clark,  W.  (S.S.)  1843-4. 

BuflFalo,  1838.     Beattie,  John,  1838-44,  Mabon,  W.  V.  V.  Miss,  to,  1844-6. 

Buffalo,  (Hoi.)  1853.     Wust,  1855-0,  Kasse,  1861-4. 

Buffalo,  1855.     See,  J.  L.  Miss,  to,  1854^5,  pastor,  1855-61. 

Burlington,  Iowa,  1853.     Madoulet,  1853-5,  Miiller,  J.  1858-60. 

BusHNELL,  111.  1856.     Livingston,  E.  P.  1858 — 

BusHwicK,  (Boght,)  1654.  Polhemus,  J.  T.  1054-76,  Selyns,  1660-4,  Van 
Zuuren,  1677-85,  (Clark,  Jas.  1680-95  ?)  Varick,  1685-94,  Lupardus, 
1695-1702,  Freeman,  1705-41,  Antonides,  1705-44,  Arondeus,  1742-7, 
Van  Sinderin,  1747-84,  Curtenius,  1755-6,  Rubel,  1759-83,  Schoon- 
maker,  M.  1785-1824,  Lowe,  P.  1787-1808,  Bassett,  1811-24,  Meeker, 
1825-1830,  again  1830— 

Buskirk's  Bridge,  {TlossiocJc,)  17 Froeligh,  P.  D.   1802-7,   Ostrander, 

S.  1810-21,  Van  Hook,  Miss,  to,  1822,  Switz,  1823-9,  Quaw,  Miss,  to, 
1829,  Pitcher,  J.  H.  1833-43,  Heermance,  Har.  1848-5,  Searle,  S.  T. 
1848-50,  Shaw,  J.  B.  1852-9,  Gardner,  T.  A.  1862-7,  Furbeck,  1867— 

Caatsban,  1730.  (Saugerties.)  Supplied  by  De  Ronde,  1780-1,  Van  Vlier- 
den,  1794-1802,  Demarest,  Jas.  D.  1807-8,  Ostrander,  H.  1812-62,  Col- 
lier, I.  H.  1862-4,  Chapman,  N.  F.  1864— 

Callicoon,    (ThwJiansville,)  1856.    Boehrer,   1862-6,    Schnellendreussler, 

1866— 
Canada,  churches  in 

AdolphustoM'D,  1804.     McDowell,  1804-20. 

Andriestown,  1798. 

Aussenburg,  180G. 

Bay  of  Cante,  or  Quinte,  1798.     McDowell,  Miss,  to,  1798-1800. 

Coenradstown,1708. 

Elizabethtown,  1798. 

Ernesttown,  1800.     McDowell,  1800-20. 

Fredericksburg,  1800.     McDowell,  1800-20. 

Ilallowell,  1816. 

Little  York,  1810,     Burned  in  war  of  1812. 

Markham,1806.  ^ 


Matilda,  1806. 

Osnaburg,  18.  . 

Sophiasburg,  18. . 

Sydney,  18.. 

Williamsburgh,   1806. 

A  church  25  miles  north  of  York,  1806 


McDowell  was  general  missionary  to 
all  these  Canadian  churches. 


THE  cnunciiES. 


687 


Caledonia,  1843. 
Camp.     See  East-Camp. 

Canajoharic,  (on  Sand  Hill,)  IT-^O?  Rosencrantz,  A.  1750  ?-8,  again 
1705-94,  Loppius,  (or  Lupp?)  1770-177.,  Kennipc,  177. — .  .,  BroelHe, 
1784-8,  Peck,  D.  C.  A.  1788-90,  Gross,  1790-9  ?  Labagh,  I.  1800-3, 
Wack,  J.  J.  1805-16,  Toll,  1805-15,  Ilasbrouck,  J.  R.  II.  1820-26. 

Canajoharic,  (independent,)  1816.     AVack,  J.  J.  1816-51. 

Canajofiarie,  Secedcr,  1822.  (Westcrlo  and  Middletown,)  Toll,  1822-42. 

CANAJonAKiE,  1827.  Van  Olinda,  supply,  1827-30,  Wells,  R.  1830-4,  Van 
Kleek,  1834-6,  Robertson,  1837-8,  Dunning,  1842-4,  McFarlane,  1845-8, 
DeAVitt,  J.  1848-9,  Chapman,  N.  F.  1849-53,  Hammond,  E.  S.  (S.S.) 
1854-6,  Romaine,  (S.S.  1857-9,)  1859-63,  Van  Zandt,  B.  1863— 

Canastota,  1833.  Gregory,  T.  B.  (S.S.)  1834-6,  Stryker,  P.  (S.S.)  1836, 
Goetschius,  S.  Z.  (S.S.)  1836-7,  Hyde,  Orin,  Presb.  (S.S.)  1837,  Van 
Santvoord,  C.  S.  1838-9,  (White  A.  (S.S.)  Pres.,)  1839^0,  Rand,  1841-4, 
Drake,  1845-53,  Gaston,  A.  H.  (S.S.)  Pres.  1855-6,  Bogardus,  N.  (S.S.) 
1858-9,  Garretson,  J.  1859-01,  (Little,  Jas.  A.  (S.S.)  Pres.)  1801-3, 
Wurtz,  18G3-8. 

Caroline,  1800.     Mandeville,  G.  1802-4. 

Caroline,  1831.  Wack,  C.  P.  1831,  Tarbell,  1834-40,  Gates,  1842-50, 
Whitbeck,  J.  1852-68. 

Castletox,  1852.     Stimpson,  E.  P.  1853-61,  Heermance,  E.  L.   1801— 

CatliD,  1831.     Rogers,  L.  1832-3. 

Cato,  1819.  De  Fraest,  1822-20,  Wynkoop,  R.  S.  Miss,  to,  1827,  Steven- 
son, Miss,  to,  1828,  Hoffman,  1831-43,  Knight,  R.  W.  1845-52,  Morse, 
A.  G.  1857-9,  Watson,  T.  G.  1861-9. 

Cato,  Scccdcr,  1827. 

Catskill,  now  Leeds. 

Catskill,  1834.  Wyckoff,  I.  N.  1834-0,  Romeyn,  Jas.  1836-41,  Miirdock, 
1842-51,  Van  Gieson,  1853-5,  Welch,  1866-9,  Lansing,' J.  A.  1800-6, 
Horton,  1807- 

CAUGnxAWAGA,  N.Y.  (Fonda,)  1703.  (This  name  is  often  carelessly  written 
Coneicago,  in  the  early  minutes  ;  not  to  be  confounded  with  Conewago, 
Pa.)  Romeyn,  Thos.  1772-94,  Van  Home,  A.  1795-1833,  Quinn, 
1833-5,  Fonda,  J.  D.  1835-42,  Van  Olinda,  1843-58,  Furbeck,  1859-62, 
Boyd',  J.  C.  1864— 

Cesteuville,  Mich.,  1848.  (Ketchum,  Miss,  to,  1836,)  McNeish,  1844-6, 
Seeber,  1847-8,  Minor,  1848-50,  Schultz,  J.  N.  1853-5,  Ker.show, 
1855-65,  Van  Vranken,  A.  H.  1865— 


288  THE   CHUECHES. 

Ceylon,  see  India. 

Charleston,  S.O.  (station.)     Lyall,  Wm.  1865-G. 

Charlestown,  17...  Wyckoff,  H.  V.  17.  .-1803,  Van  Buren,  P.  1805-.., 
Hasbrouck,  J.  R.  H.  1820-6,  Morris,  J.  Miss,  to,  1827-9,  Chittenden, 
Miss,  to,  1831-3. 

Charlestown  2a,  1803.  WyckofF,  H.  V.  1803-20,  Van  Keuren,  Miss,  to, 
1824. 

Charlestown,  Seceder,  1822.     Wycloff,  II.  V.  1822-9. 

Charlestown  2d,  Seceder,  182. . 

Charlestoicn,  Independent,   1829.      Wychoff,  K  V.  1829-31  ? 

Chatham,  1843.  Porter,  E.  S.  1843-9,  Williamson,  N.  D,  1850-1,  Schenck, 
J.  W.  1851-3,  Holmes,  E.  1853-9,  Mead,  1859— 

Chenango,  (near  Binghamton,)  1794.     See  Union. 

Chester,  now  "Westerlo. 

Chicago,  (Hoi.)  1853.  Vander  Meulen,  C.  1859-60,  Bolks,  1861-2,  Klyn, 
1863-8. 

Chicago  2d,  1854.  Ferris,  J.  M,  1854-62,  Williamson,  N.  D.  1862-4, 
Demarest,  Jas.  (Jr.)  1866 — 

China,  (Mission  to,  organized  1844,)  churches  and  stations  in  : 
Amoy,  1849.     Lo-Tau,  (pastor,)  1863— 
Amoy  2d,  1860.     Jap  Hau  Chiong,  (pastor,)  1863 — 
Canton.     Abeel,  D.  Feb.-  Dec.  1830,  pastor,  1863— 
Cnion-BE,  1859. 
Ang-thun-thau. 
Chiang-chiu,  (station.) 
Kangthau, 

Kolongsoo.     Abeel,  D.  1842-5. 
Macao.     Abeol,  D.  1838-41. 
Mapeng. 
Opi. 
Te-Soa. 
Peh-chui-ia.  •  . 

Missionaries  who  have  labored  in  the  Amoy  mission : 

Abeel,  D.  1838-45.  Doty,  1844-65.  Pohlman,  1844-9.  Talmage,  John, 
1847—  Joralmon,  1855-9.  Ostrom,  1858-63.  Rapalje,  1858—  Kip, 
1861— Blauvelt,  1862-4.     Van  Doren,  1865. 


TOE   CHURCHES.  289 

CniTTENANGO,  1828.  Taylor,  II.  1829-30,  Campbell,  W.  II.  1831-3,  Yates,  A. 
1833,  Slingerland,  1833-4,  IIocs,  1835-7,  Abell,  1840-54,  Hastings, 
1856-GO,  Talmage,  J.R.  18C0— 

Chittoor,  see  India. 

Chukonot,  now  Florida. 

Cicero,  1837.  Seelj,  1840-4  LiddcU,  supplied,  1848-9,  Williamson,  N.D. 
1849-50,  Du  Bois,  J.  1850-4.     Gray,  J.  185G-7. 

Clarkstown,  (New-Hempstcad,)  1750.  Vcrbryck,  1750-84,  Landing,  N. 
1784-1830,  Hunt,  1830-2,  Warner,  A.  II.  1832-7,  Quick,  P.  J.  1837-66, 
Lippincott,  186G — 

Clarkistoicn,  Secession,  1825.  Lansing,  J.  V.  S.  1826,  BrinkerhofT,  J.  G. 
1830-40,  Van  Ilouten,  1858-02. 

Claukville,  1854.  Lansing,  A.  G.  1858-62,  Slauson,  1862-6,  Ballagh, 
AV.  II.  (S.S.)  18G8— 

Claverack,  1719.  Van  Driessen,  J.  1727-8,  (Erickson  supplied,  1731-2 
andVanSchie,  1732-43,)  Van  Hovenberg,  1743-56,  Fryenmoet,  175G-70, 
(supplied  by  Cock,  1770-6,)  Gebhard,  1776-1826,  Sluyter,  1816-43,  Boice, 
L  C.  1844-59,  Van  Gieson,  1859-G5,  Zabriskie,  F.  N.  18GG— 

Claverack  2d,  or,  Mellenville,  1838.     (Supplied  by  Sluyter,  1838-42,  and 
by  Wynkoop,    P.    S.    1842,)   Vandervoort,    1842-5,    Himrod,    1845-51, 
.      Pitcher,  J.  H.  1852-61,  Sebring,  1862— 

Cleveland,  1850.     Hall,  D.  B,  1850-3,  Jones,  N.  W.  1853-4,  Presbyt.  1856. 

Cleveland,  (Hoi.)  1863.    Kasse,  1864-8. 

Clifton  Park,  now  Amity. 

Clinton-,  18GG.     Van  Doren,  J.  A.  (S.S.)  1866— 

Clintonville,  now  Irvington. 

Closter  Citv,  1862.  Hammond,  E.S.  Miss,  to,  1862-4,  Blauvelt,  C.  J. 
1866— 

Clove,  Sussex  Co.N.J.  1787.  Van  Bunscbooten,  E.  1787-1812.  In  1818, 
Presbyt. 

Clove,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1807.  Mandeville,  Gar.  (S.S.)  1789-1802,  Wester- 
velt,  R.  1807-8,  Murphy,  1814-25,  Morse,  B.  Y.,  Miss,  to,  1828,Westfall 
B.B.  1828-34,  Knight,  1838,  Alliger,  1840-3,  Liilie,  Jas.  1844-5,  Depuy, 
1846-53,  Evans,  1853-6,  Jones,  N.  W.  (S.S.)  185G,  Voorhees,  J.  N.  1857- 
66,  Van  Arsdale,  N.  H.  1867— 

Clover  Hill,  N.J.  1834.  Schanck,  G.  C.  1835-7,  Dcmarest,  W.  1838-40, 
(Presbyt.  1840-62,)  Voorhees,  W.  B.  1864— 

Clymer,  1853.     Dunnewold,  1853-68. 
19 


290  THE    CHUKCIIES. 

CoBLESKiLL,  1825.  Evans,  W.  Miss,  to,  1826,  Raymond,  1829-32,  Quaw, 
1834:-6,  Lockhead,  1839^4,  Spaulding,  1846-9,  Hall,  D.B.  1853-5. 

CoEYMANS,  1793.  Sickles,  1796-1800,  Overbagh,  1805-6,  Westevelt,  R. 
1808-16,  Kissam,  1818-29,  Van  Santvoord,  S.  1829-30,  Fort,  1830-1, 
Amerman,  T.  A.  1831-2,  Edwards,  1834,  Murpby,  1842-3,  Kissam, 
1843-5,  Cornell,  J.  A.  H.  1845-8,  Peltz,  1848-51,  Davies,  1852-5,  Gardi- 
ner, H.  B.  1866-60,  Collier,  I.  1860-6,  Biihler,  L.  H.  1867— 

CoHOES,  1837.  Lockhead,  1838-9,  Van  Buren,  J.  1840-1,  Myer,  1841-6, 
Gray,  J.  1847-8,  Waldron,  1849— 

Cold  Spring,  1855.  Harris  1856-7,  Laremore,  (S.S.)  1860,  Romondt,  (S.S.) 
1862,  Phraner,  1863-6,  Sherwood,  (S.S.)  1867— 

Collicoon,  18 . .  (or  Thumansville,)     Schnellendruessler,  1866 — 

Colts  Neck,  1856.     Wyckoff,  J.  S.  1856-64,  Bolton,  1865— 

Columbia,  1822.  Rawls,  1822-3,  Ketchum,  Miss,  to,  1826-7.  Hangen, 
1830-2,  Noe,  (S.S.)  1835,  De  Voe,  1836-9,  Ackerson,  1841-2,  Starks, 
1842-3,  Hall,  D.  B.  (S.S.)  1845-50,  Murphy,  1853-4,  James,  1854-5, 
Hammond,  E.  S.  1856-8,  Aurand,  1860-3. 

Columbiaville,  (Station,)  Garretson,  J.  Miss,  to,  1826-7. 

CoNESViLLE,  (Schoharie  Kill,)  183-.     Bogardus,  C.  1838-42,  Kerr,  1845-6. 

Conewago,  Adams  Co.  Pa.  (Hanover,)  17..  (Boehme,  C.  L.  1775-81,) 
Gray,  A.  Miss,  to,  1793,  Cornelison,  Miss,  to,  1794,  (Gobrecht,  1793- 
1806.)  Ger.  Ref. 

Conewago.    Erroneously  for  Caughnawaga,  M.G.S.  i.  45,  114,  etc. 

CcNSTANTiNE,  Mich.  1843.  Bennet,  1844-5,  McNeish,  1846-9,  Jones,  D.  A. 
1850-2,  McNeish,  1852-4,  Bailey,  1855-03,  Beardsley,  1863— 

Copperas,  now  Brunswick. 

OouRTLANDTOWN,  N.Y.  1729.  Ritzcma  supplied,  1744-76,  church  burned; 
Van  Voorhees,  S.  1785-8,  organized  anew,  1793  ;  Manley,  W.  1800-6, 
Hoffman,  A.  1810-30,  Kirkwood,  1833-6,  Westbrook,  1836-50,  Lockwood, 
1850-2,  Steele,  J.  B.  1854-7,  St.  John,  (S.S.)  1858-65,  Anderson,  W.  H. 
1865-6,  Van  Wyck,  P.  1867— 

Coshington,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1794. 

CoxsACKiE,  1732.  Weiss  ?  1732-6,  Schuneman,  1753-94,  Sickles,  1791- 
1801,  Ostrander,  H.  1801-10,  Livingston,  G.  R.  1811-26.  Searle,  J.  (Sr.) 
1826-51,  Peltz,  185i-7,  Butcher,  1857-8,  Hastings,  1860— 

CoxsACKiE  2d,  1833.  Cahoone,  1834-46,  Van  Cleef,  P.  D.  1846-9,  Wood- 
bridge,  1850-2,  Steele,  J.  1853-8,  Zabriskie,  F.  N,  1859-63,  McKelvey, 
A.  1865-6,  Collier,  E.  W.  1866-7,  Munn,  1868— 

Cdddebackville,  1854.  Morris,  H.  1855-62,  Winter,  1863-6,  Zabriskie, 
Jer.  L.  1866— 


THE   CnURClIES.  291 

CUKKYTOWN,  (Root,)  170.  .  Ilasbrouck,  J.  R.  II.  182G-30,  Ilangen,  lS;30-2, 
Ilecrmance,  Har.  1837-40,  Frazee,  1840-3,  Carle,  1848-51,  Buckclew, 
1852-5,  Quick,  J.  J.  1855-61,  Compton  (S.S.)  18G3— 

Danube,  same  as  Indian  Castle. 

JDanvbe,  Seceder,  1823.     Goetschius,  S.  Z.  1823-4. 

Danville,  1804.     Gray,  A.  1804-10. 

Dashville  Falls,  1831.    Quaw,  1831-4,  Markle,  1862^,  Liebeneau,  1867— 

Davenport,  Iowa,  1859.  Drury,  Miss,  to,  1861-2,  Vanderveer,  C.  G. 
1860-6,  Vrooni,  W.  H.  1867— 

Day,  1842.  Lansing,  J.  A.  (S.S.)  1845-8,  Voorhees,  J.  N.  (S.S.)  1848-9, 
James,  1850-2,  Case,  1855-7. 

Deekpahk,  (Mahackemack,)  1737.  Organized  by  Mancius.  Fryenmoet, 
1741-56,  Romeyn,  T.  1760-72,  Van  Bunschooten,  E.  1785-1800,  Demar- 
est,  John,  1803-8,  Eltinge,  C.C.  1816-43,  Van  Wyck,  G.  P.  1844-53, 
Slauson,  1853-7,  Mills,  S.  W.  1858— 

Delaware  River   Missions,   1790.     Kuypers,   ^Y.  P.  1792-3,  Ames,  1814. 

Dingman's  Ferry.     See  upper  "Walpack, 

Dorlach,  17 . . 

Dover,  1770  ? 

Dkexthe,  1851.     Smit,  1851-3,  Pieters,  1861-5,  Huyssoon,  1865-6. 

Duanesborough,  1824. 

Durham,  1824.     Ostrander,  S.  1824-31. 

Dyse's  Manor,  1813. 

East-Camp,  now  Gcrmantown. 

Eastern,  (Easton  ?) 

East-Indies,  see  India. 

East-Millstone,  1855.  Vande  Wall,  1856-8,  Cole,  D.  1858-63,  Berger, 
1863-6,  Phraner,  1866— 

East  New-York,  1839.  Campbell,  W.  IT.  1839^1,  Schoonmaker,  M.  V. 
1842-9,  Strong,  J.  P.  1850^,  Munn,  1856-68. 

Easton,  N.Y.  1815.  Duryee,  P.  II.  1802-20,  Fonda,  J.  D.  1820-30,  Pitcher, 
J.  II.  1833-8,  Bronson,  A.  1838-9,  Newton  (S.S.)  1844,  Jones,  D.  A. 
1844-8,  Morris,  1851-5,  Cochran,  1863— 

Easton,  Pa.  1851.     Knox,  J.  II.  M.  1851-3,  Edgar,  1853— 

East-Williamsburgh,  1855.  Holmes,  J.  McC.  1857-9,  Pearse,  1859-60, 
Kip,  I.  L.  1861-2,  Duryea,  W.  R.  1863^. 

Ebenezer,  1867.     Kuyper,  A.  C.  1867— 


292  THE    CHURCHES. 

Eden,  Wis.  1859.     Kershow,  1866-8. 

Ellenville,  1840.     Ayres,  1841-54,  Bentley,  1855— 

Ellenville  2d,  1855.     Pfister,  1856-62. 

Eminence,  now  Summit. 

English  Neighborhood,  1770.  Lydekker,  1770-6,  Cornelison,  1793-1806, 
Polhemus,  H.  1809-13,  Demarest,  C.  T.  1813-24,  Abeel,  G.  1824-8,  Dur- 
yce,  P.  1829-48,  McFarland,  1848-55,  Taylor,  A.  B.  1855— 

English  Neigliborhood,  Secession,  1823,  BrinkerhofF,  J.  G.  1824,  Demarest, 
C.  T.  1824-51,  Blauvelt,  C.  J.  1852-60. 

Ephratah,  1831.     Morris,  J.  Miss,  to,  1827-9,  Ketchum,  Miss,  to,  1832-6, 

Westfall,  B.  B.  1837-44,  Jukes,  1844-50,  Van  Lievv,  J.  C.  1850-6,  Smith, 

W.  H.  1865-8,  Compton,  1868— 
Esopus,  now  Kingston. 
Esopus,  (Klein  Esopus,)  1791.     Smith,  T.  G.  1799-1808,  Hasbrouck,  J.  R. 

H.  1809-13,  Van  Hook,  Miss,  to,  1822,  Van  Keuren,  1825-36,  Fort,  1836- 
.53,  Taylor,  W.  1853^,  McFarlane,  1855-61,  Myers,  A.  H.  (S.S.)  1862-5, 

Garretson,  J.  18G5-6,  Voorhis,  J.  N.  1867— 

GFairfield,  (Horseneck  or  Gansegat,)  1753.  Marinus  supplied,  1756-73, 
Blauw,  (Conferentie,)  supplied,  1762-8,  Meyer,  II.  1772-85,  Leydt,  M. 
1779-80,  supplied  by  Duryee,  John,  1801-17,  Neal,  1817-22,  Stryker, 
JJ.  B.  1823-7,  Ogilvie,  1827-32,  Raymond,  1833-5,  Bronson,  1836-8, 
Wilson,  Jos.  1838-45,  Quick,  J.  J.  1845-9,  Wilson,  Jos.  1849— 

!Fair  Haven,  (Woolcot,)  1847.  Knight,  R.  W.  1849-52,  MuUer,  1854-7, 
Gates,  C.  1857-9,  Watson,  T.  G.  1862-4,  Bartholf,  1864-8. 

■Fairview,  111.  1837.     Wilson,  A.  D.  (S.S.)  1838-41,  pastor,  1841-56,  An- 
derson, AVm.  1856-9,  Joralmon,  1860— 
;FairvilIe,  17.. — 

Fallsburgh,  (Neversink,  Woodbourne,)  1802.     Reorganized,  1827,  Boyd, 

J.  H.  Miss,  to,  1827-8,  Gray,  J.    1833-5,  Eggleston,   1836-7,  Duryee,  I. 

G.  1843-51,  Eltinge,  C.  D.  1851-2,  Searle,  J.  1853-61,  Connitt,  1862-5, 

Brown,  1867— 
Farmer  Village,  1830.     Gregory,  0.  H.  1831-8,  Bassler,  1840-65,  Brush, 

W.  W.  1866-8,  Zabriskie,  A.  1868— 

Fayette,  1817.     Vanderveer,  J.  Miss,  to,  1823,  Morris,  J.  Miss,  to,  1824^5- 

Feura  Bush,  now  Jerusalem. 

FiSHKiLL,  1716.  Van  Driessen,  supplied  occasionally,  1727-31,  Van  Schie, 
1731-8,  Meinema,  1745-55,  or  58,  Van  Nist,  1758-61,  Schoonmaker,  H. 
1763-74,  Rysdyck,  1772-89,  Froeligh,  S.  also  supplied,  1776-80,  Blau- 
veli,  I.  1783-90,  Van  Vranken,  N.  1791-1804,  Westbrook,  1806-30, 
Fisher,  G.  H.  1830-5,  Kip,  F.  L.  1836— 


THE    CIIUKCIIKS.  293 

FisiiKiLL,  on  tlie  Hudson,  1S22.  Iloycr,  1823-51,  Quackenbush,  1851-5, 
Siiydam,  1857-62,  Kimball,  1803-5,  Bcrger,  1866-9. 

Flatiusii,  (Midwout,)  L.  T.  1054.  Polhemus,  J.  T.  1654-76,  Van  Zuuren, 
1077-85,  (Clark,  Jas.  1685-95,)?  Varick,  1685-95,  Lupardus,  1695-1702, 
Freeman,  1705-41,  Antonides,  1705—44,  Arondeus,  1742-7,  Van  Sindcrin, 
1747-84,  Curtenius,  1755-0,  Rubcl,  1759-83,  Schoonmakcr,  M.  1785- 
1824,  Lowe,  1781-181.,  Monteith,  1819-20,  Strong,  T.  M.  1822-61,  AVells, 
C.  1862— 

FLATBUsn,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1807.  Overbagb,  1809-41,  Brodlicad,  1837- 
41,  Demarest,  D.  D.  1841-3,  Watson,  J.  1844-7,  Ilulbcrt,  1848-52,  Gos- 
man,  1854-9,  Minor,  1859-04,  Merritt,  1865— 

FL.A.TLANDS,  (Amcrsfort,  Midwout,)  1654.  Polheraus,  J.  T.  1654-76,  Van 
Zuuren,  1677-85,  Varick,  1685-94,  Lupardus,  1695-1702,  Freeman,  1705- 
41,  Antonides,  1705-44,  Arondeus,  1742-7,  Van  Sinderin,  1747-84,  Cur- 
tenius, 1755-6,  Rubel,  1759-83,  Schoonmaker,  1785-1824,  Lowe,  P. 
1787-181.,  Monteitb,  1819-20,  Cruikshank,  1824-34,  Baldwin,  1836-52, 
Davie,  1853-61,  Doolittle,  T.  S.  1862-4,  Brett,  C.  1865— 

Flats,  now  Rhinebeck. 

Flats,  or  German  Flats,  (west  of  Albany,)  1764.  Rosencrantz,  H.  1765- 
94,  Spinner,  1802-48,  Center,  1824-6,  Pitcher,  J.  H.  1831-3,  Murphy, 
1837-9,  Stark,  1843-4. 

Flats,  Seceder,  1825.     Palmer,  1825-9. 

Florida,  (Chukonot,  Remsen  Bush,  Minaville,)  1784.  Romeyn,  T.  1800- 
6,  Paige,  1808-20,  Rouse,  1822-8,  Stevenson,  1829-54,  Clancey,  1855- 
00,  Krum,  1861-5,  Lane,  1866— 

FtusniNG,  L.L  1842.  Gordon,  1843-9,  Mandeville,  G.  H.  1851-9,  Hallo- 
way,  W.  1859-65,  Fairchild,  1806— 

Fonda,  see  Caughnawaga. 

Fonda's  Bush,  or  New-Harlem,  in  Broadalbin,  Fulton  Co.  N.Y.  1795.  Ten 
Eyck,  C.  1799-1812,  Palmer,  1818-20,  Van  Vechten,  S.  Miss,  to,  1823, 
Presbyt.  1823. 

FoRDHAM,  1696,  supplied  at  first  from  New- York.  Ritzema,  1744-76,  reor- 
ganized, 1802  ;  Jackson,  J.  F.  1819-1835,  Van  Pelt,  1837-47,  Cahoone, 
1847-8,  Bevier,  1851-3,  Beattie,  Jas.  1854-6,  Bolton,  1856-65,  Fehrraan, 
1866-9. 

Ford's  Bush.     (Station.)     Morris,  J.  Miss,  to,  1829. 

FoRRESTON,  111.  1862.     Karsten,  1865-7,  De  Beer,  1807— 

Fort  Carbon,  Pa.     (Station.)     DuMont,  Miss,  to,  1829-30. 

Fort  Herkimer,  1852.  Starks,  1852-7,  again  1861-2,  Quick,  J.  J.  (S.S.) 
1867-8. 


294  THE   CHURCHES. 

Fort  Miller,  1817.  Johnson,  I.  Y.  1817-23,  Van  Hook,  1823-4,  McKel- 
vey,  John,  1827,  Mair,  Miss,  to,  1829,  Thompson,  D.  R.  1833,  Parry, 
1833-7,  Wood,  Joel,  1840-5,  Stebbins,  (S.S.)  1848,  Slauson,  (S.S.)  1848- 
50,  Cochran,  1852,  Lansing,  A.  G.  1867-8,  Kellogg,  1868— 

Fort  Plain,  same  as  Canajoharie. 

Fort  Plain,  1831.  Bogardus,  N.  1834-5,  Burtiss,  1835,  Pepper,  1837-40, 
Van  Vechten,  S.  1841-4,  McLean,  0.  G.  1844-51,  Schenck,M.  L.  1853-7, 
Hall,  J.  G.  1858-63. 

Frankfort,  1830.  Snyder,  1829-30,  Seely,  1831-5,  Murphy,  1839-40,  Starks, 
1843-6,  Murphy,  1854-6, 

Franklin,  (Wis.)  1851.     Klyn,  1852-3. 

Franklin,  N.J.  1855.  Talmage,  P.  S.  (S.S.)  1855-9,  Lott,  1859-65,  Ostrom, 
(S.S.)  1866-8,  pastor,  1868— 

Freehold,  1708.  Morgan,  1709-31,  Haeghoort,  1731-5,  Erickson,  1736- 
64,  Du  Bois,  B.  1764-1827,  Van  Vranken,  S.  A.  1817-34,  Otterson,  1835- 
8,  Marcellus,  1839-51,  Willis,  1851-68,  Swain,  1868— 

Freehold  2d,  1842.  Ganse,  1843-56,  CoUier,  E.  W.  1856-66,  Van  Buren, 
P.  called,  but  prevented,  by  sickness,  from  settling,  1867,  Van  iVkon,  G. 
1867— 

Fulton,  111.  1866. 

FoLTONviLLE,  1838.  Dycr,  1841-3,  Van  Buren,  J.  M.  1843-52,  Welles,  R. 
1857-68. 

Gallupville,  1844.  Hammond,  E.  S.  1844-52,  Bogardus,  1852-6,  Lane, 
G.  1857-60,  Comfort,  1860-3,  Vedder,  E.  1863— 

Gansegat,  now  Fairfield. 

Gansevoort,  1839.  Birkby,  1840-5,  Du  Bois,  John,  1845-50,  Doe,  (S.S.) 
1852-3,  Van  Wyck,  P.  1854-6,  McCartney,  1857-63,  Markle,  1864-8. 

Geneva,  1831.  Mandeville,  H.  1831-4,  Abeel,  G.  1834-49,  Romeyn,  J. 
1850-1,  Voorhees,  H.  V.  1851-4,  Collier,  Jos.  1855-9,  Wiley,  1860-5, 
Rogers,  S.  J.  1865— 

Georgetown,  D.C.  (Miss.  Station)  Baldwin,  E.  Miss,  to,  1822-4. 

German  Flats,  same  as  Great  Flats,  or  Flats,  (on  the  Mohawk.) 

Germantown,  N.Y.  (East-Camp,)  1728.  Hagar,  1711,  Van  Driessen,  J. 
1728-35,  Schnorr,  1746-. .,  Rubel,  1755-9,  Fryenmoet,  1756-70,  Cock, 
1763-84,  Cough,  177.-8.,  Gebhard,  occasionally;  Fox,  1802-..,  Rudy 
182.5-36,  Boyd,  Josh.  1842-50,  HofF,  1851-5,  Meyers,  A.  H.  1856-62, 
Schermerhorn,  H.  R.  1862-5,  Rowe,  1866-8,  Bodine,  1808— 

Ghent,  (Squampamick,)  1775,  Gebhard  supplied,  1782-7,  Sluyter  supplied 
occasionally. 


THE   CUUECnKS.  295 

Ghent,  ISIO,  revived.  Wj-nkoop,  P.  S.  1822-42,  Dc  Witt,  J.  1845-8,  Gray, 
J.  1848-55,  Letson,  1856-64,  Drury,  1864— 

Ghent  2d,  1843.  Wyckoff,  T.  F.  1843,  Williamson,  G.  R.  1844-8,  Yandcr. 
voort,  1848-50,  Van  Woert,  1852-65,  Scbring,  E.  N.  1865— 

Gibbonsville,  now  West-Troy. 

Gibbsville,  Wis.  1856.     Dunncwold,  1868  — 

GiLBOA,  1836.  Paige,  1836-7,  Bogardus,  C.  1838-42,  Van  Dyck,  L.  H. 
1844-52,  Lockwood,  S.  1852-1,  Welch,  1855-6,  Benedict,  1857,  See,  W. 
G.  E.  1859-61,  Letson,  1864-8. 

Glen,  18...  Morris,  J.  Miss,  to,  1827-9,  Chittenden,  1831-3,  Jukes,  1839- 

44,  Van  Yranken,  A.  H.  1851-65,  Van  Vranken,  F.  V.  1866— 
Glen,  Independent,  Paulison,  1840-18. . . 

Glenham,  1837.  Johnson,  J.  G.  1840-6,  Miller,  1846-9,  Duryea,  J.  G. 
1851-2,  Bevier,  1853-60,  Holmes,  E.  (S.S.)  1860-5,  Ilorton,  18G5-7, 
Wyckoff,  A.  N.  1867— 

Glenville,  (Schenectady  1st,  of  Fourth  Ward,)  1813.  Van  Zandt,  P.  1818-22, 
Slingerland,  1824^33,  Bunnell,  1835-8,  Tngalls,  1840-51,  Meyers,  A.  II. 
1852-4,  Burghardt,  1855-61,  Pceke,.G.  H.  1861-3,  Minor  1804— 

Glenville  2d,  1818.  Murphy,  1826-  34,  Stryker,  H.  B.  1834-7,  Swift, 
1837-42,  Crocker,  1842-8,  Vedder,  E.  1849-51,  AVilliamson,  N.  D.  1851-5, 
Slingerland,  1857-60,  Berry,  P.  1862-3,  Wilson,  F.  F.  1864— 

Guanodanam,  sec  India. 

GoRHAM,  1843.     Ryerson,  1843-5,  Lloyd,  1846-7,  Hammond,  I.  1847-50. 

Graafschap,  1850,  (organization  came  from  Holland.)  Klyn,  1850-2. 
Ypma,  1853—4.  In  1850,  all  except  five  families  seceded.  Pieters  , 
1861-5,  Broek,  D.  1865— 

Gkahamsville,  1844.  Gregory,  T.  B.  1844-8,  Hammond,  J.  W.  1849-52, 
Case,  1852-3,  Betts,  1855-6,  Jones,  D.  A.  1858-63,  Hammond,  J.  W., 
1863-7,  Turner  1868- 

Grand  Haven,  1851.  Bolks,  1853-5,  Oggel,  P.  J.  1856-9,  Vanderveen, 
1861-8. 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  1843.  Taylor,  A.  B.  (S.  S.)  1843-8,  Berry,  P. 
1860-1,  Ferris,  J.  M.  1802-5,  Decker,  1865-7,  Vanderveen,  1868— 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  (Hoi.)  1851.  Klyn,  1854-6,  Houbolt,  1859-60,  Vander 
Meulen,  C.  1860— 

Gbandville,  1859.     Kiekintveld,  1867 — 

Gravesend,  1655.  Polhemus,  J.  T.  1655-76,  Selyns,  1660-4,  Van  Zuuren, 
1677-85,  Varick,  1685-94,  Lupardus,  1695-1702,  Freeman,  1705-41,  An- 
tonides,    1705-44,    Arondeus,    1742-7,   Van  Sinderin,    1747-65,   Curte- 


296  THE    CHURCHES. 

nius,  1755-6,  Schoonmaker,  M.  1765-1824,  Bassett,  1811-24,  Labagh,  1. 
P.  1832-42,  Labagh,  A.  I.  1842-59,  Hansen,  1859— 

Great  Flats,  or  German  Flats,  or  Flats. 

Greexburoh,  1850.  (This  church  was  organized  in  1788  as'a  Congregation- 
al Church  ;  it  afterward  became  Presbyterian,  and  in  1850  entered  into 

its   present  relations.)     Smith,    1812-20,    Phelps,    1850-1, 

WyckofF,   A.  V.  1851-2,  See,   J.  L.  1853-4,  Moore,   1856-64,  Bogardus, 
W.  E.  1865-7,  Bertholf,  J.  H.  1867— 

Greenbush,  (Livingston  Manor,)  17. .,  Lansing  1781-4,  Vedder,  H.  1803-64, 
Bogardus,  F.  M.  1864— 

Greenbush,  (CI.  Rens,)  17...  Romeyn,  J.V.C.  1788-99,  Zabriskie,  J.  L. 
1801-11,  Marselus,  1815-22,  Taylor,  B.  C.  1822-5,  Dumont,  1826-8,  Lid- 
dell,  1830-4,  Stimpson,  1834-51,  Talmage,  J.  R.  1852-60,  Wilson,  P.  Q. 
1861-5,  Anderson,  W.  1866— 

Green  Point,  1848.  Van  Nest,  A.  R.  Miss,  to  1848,  Ward,  J.  W.  1849-54, 
Talmage,  G.  1855-62,  Peek,  G.  H.  1863-5,  Van  Gieson,  1866-7,  Mc. 
Kelvey,  A.  1867— 

Green  Port,  (Mt.  Pleasant,)  1835.  Hangen,  1836-8,  Fisher  G.  H.  (S.S.) 
1838-40,  Van  Wagenen,  1840-1,  Fonda,  J.  D.  1842-7,  Van  Wyck,  1848 
-51,  Voorhees,  J.  K  1851-7,  Finch,  1857-60,  Himrod,  1861— 

Greenville,  1840.  Hulbert,  1842-8,  Collier,  Jos.  1852-5,  Stewart,  1846-52, 
Marcellus,  1856-9,  Romondt,  1860-1,  Pitcher,  J.  H.  1861— 

Griggstown,  1842.  Lord,  J.  S.  1843-7,  Todd,  J.  A.  1848-55,  Livingston, 
E.  P.  1855-8,  Searle,  Stephen,  1859— 

Guilderland,  now  Helderbergh. 

Guilford,  1833.  Brush,  W.  1834-51,  Jansen,  J.  N.  1852-63,  De  Witt,  R. 
1864— 

Hackensack,  1686.  Bertholf,  G.  1694-1724,  Erickzon,  1725-8,  supplied  by 
Du  Bois,  Gualterus,  1728-30,  Curtenius,  1730-55,  Goetschius,  J.  H, 
1748-74,  Romeyn,  D.  1775-84,  Froeligh,  S.  1786-1822,  seceded. 

Hackensack,  Secession,  1822.  Froeligh,  S.  1822-7,  Paulison,  1832,  Demarest, 
C.  T.  1839-51,  Blauvelt,  C.  J.  1852-60,  De  Baun,  J.  Y.  1860— 

Hackensack  Independent,  1832.     Paulison,  1832-40,  Amerman,  A.  1843 — 

Hackensack,  (2d,)  1756.  Schuyler,  1756-66,  Blauw,  1768-71,  Kuypers,  W. 
1771-97,  Romeyn,  J.  V.  C.  1799-1833,  Romeyn,  Jas.  1833-6,  Warner, 
A.  H.  1837-64,  Romeyn,  T.  B.  1865— 

Hackensack,  2d,  1855.     Demarest,  Jas.  (Jr.)  1856-63,  Fisher,  G.  H.  1864— 

Hackensack,  (Ger.)  1857.  Becker,  1857-60,  Wolf,  Miss,  to,  1862,  Schroe- 
der,  1864— 


THE   CIIUKCIIES. 


297 


HACAMANS,  1855.     Pearse,  1S5G-9,  Slingcrland,  1860-2,  Ilaganian,   A.  J. 

1863— 
Hallebergh,  same  as  Lisha's  Kill. 

Hanover,  Pa.  17. ..  (on  the  Susquchannn,)  same  as  Conewago. 
Half  Moon,  now  Watcrford. 
Ilardwick,  17. ..  (Chitara,  1787-92,  Wack,  C.  1792-1809,  also  Wack,  J.  J. 

1798-1800,  Senn,  1795—1800,)  Force,  1811-16. 
Hardy  Co.  Va.  17. ..  (Miss.  Station,)  Jennings,  1789-91,  became  Prcsbyt.  ? 
Harlem,  see  New-York. 
Harlem,  (Ger.)  sec  New-York. 
HvRLTNGEX,   (Sourland,   Millstone,)    1727.     Frelingbuysen,  T.  J.  1729-48, 

Frclin-huysen,  J.  1750-4,   (Arondeus,  Coiiferentie,   1747-54,)  Harden- 

ber-h\758-61,  Van  Harlingen,   J.   M.   1762-95,   Smith,  W.  R.  1795- 

18r7,'Polheraus,    H.    1798-1808,    Labagh,    P.    1809-44,    Gardner,  J. 

1844— 
Hastint.s,    1850.      Johnson,    H.    1850,     Phelps,    1851-9,    Quackenbush, 

1859-60,  Peck,  T.  R.  G.  1865— 
Havana,  HI.  1865.     Williamson,  N.  D.  (S.S.)  1866,  Decker,  1867— 

Helderbergh,  (in  Guilderland,)  17...  Van  Huysen,  H.  1793-1825,  Van 

.       Vechten,  S.  Miss,  to,  1822-3,  Blair,  Miss,  to,  1824,  Hardenbergh,  J.  B. 

1824-5,  Blair,  1825-30,  Bogardus,  N.  1830-3,  Frazer,   1836-8,  Steele,  J. 

B.  1838-45,  Bailey,  1845-7,  Davis,  1847-51,   Van  Dyck,   L.  H.  1852-6, 

Davis,  1857— 

nempstead,  Secession,  1825.     (Kakiat.)    Demarcst,  Jas.  D.   1824-58,   De 

Baun,  J.  Y.  1856-60. 
Henderson,  (Warren,)  1825.    Hangen,  1830-2,  Noe,  1885,  De  Voe,  1836-9, 
Pepper,  1840-5,  Lord,  D.  1851-6,  again,  1860-4. 

Herkimer,  17. ..  Spinner,  1802-35,  Ketchum,  Miss,  to,  1826-7,  Boyd,  Jo.sh. 
Miss,  to,  1827-8,  Morris,  J.  Miss,  to,  1828-9,  Pitcher,  J.  H.  1831-3,  Mur- 
phy, 1837-41,  again,  1842-49,  Mead,  1849-59,  Gardner,  1860^,  Pctrie, 
(S.S.)  1864-8. 

Herkimer  2d,  1824.     Became  Presbyt.  in  1825.     Center,  (S.S.)  1824-5. 

Herkimer  2d,  1830.     Snyder,  H.  1831. 

Hion  Bridge,  1866.  Wyckoff,  C.  (S.S.)  1866-8,  pastor,  18G8-9,  Van  Am- 
burgh,  1869— 

High  Prairie,  (Hooge  Prairie,)  111.  organized,  1849,  but  independent  till 
1852.     Bolks,  1862-5,  Lcpeltak,  1865— 

Hillsborough,  (at  Millstone,  N.J.)  1766.  Supplied  by  Leydt,  J.,  Harden- 
bergh,   J.    R.,   and  Van  Harlingen,   J.  M.,    1766-74,   Foering,  1774-9, 


293  THE   CHURCHES. 

Froeligh,  S.  1780-6,  Van  Harlingen,  J.  M.  1787-95,  Cannon,  1797-1807, 
Schureman,  1807-9,  Zabriskie,  John  L.  1811-1850,  DeWitt,  John,  1850- 
63,  Corwin,  1863— 

Hillsdale,  (Krum,)  1769.  Gebhard,  1793-1814,  Sluyter,  1816-25,  Wyn- 
koop,  1825-40,  Himrod,  1843-3. 

Iloboken,  (Ulster  Co.  N.  Y.)  1828. 

IIoBOKEN,  1850.  (Ostrander,  H.  Miss,  to,  1822,  Abeel,  G.  Miss,  to,  1824-8,) 
Gregory,  T.  B.  Miss,  to,  1850-4,  Parker,  C.  1855-7,  Mann,  1858-61,  Rid- 
dle, M.  1861-5,  Vroom,  W.  H.  1865-7,  Allen,  J.  K.  1868— 

IIoBOKEN,  (Ger.)  1856.     Mohn,  1856 — 

Holland,  Mich.  1851.  Organization  came  from  Holland.  Van  Eaalte, 
1851-67. 

Holland  2d,  (Hope,)  18G2.     Stewart,  A.  T.  1866— 

Holland  3d,  1868.     Vandermeulen,  Jac.  C.  1868 — 

Holland,  Wis.  1854.  Beidler,  Miss,  to,  1855,  Vander  Scheur,  1855-6,  Van 
Liewen,  1857-9,  Vander  Meulen,  J.  0,  1861-3,  Stobbelaer,  1864— 

Holmdel,  (Middletown,  Neversink,)  1657.  Morgan,  1709-31,  Haeghoort, 
1731-5,  Erickzon,  1736-64,  Du  Bois,  B.  1764-1827,  Van  Vranken,  S.  A. 
1817-26,  Beekraan,  1826-36,  Riley,  W.  1839— 

Honey  Creek,  now  Raritan,  HI. 

Hooge  Prairie,  now  High  Prairie. 

Hope,  see  Holland  2d. 

Hopewell,  1757.  Rysdyck,  1765-89,  Blauvelt,  I.  1783-90,  Van  Vranken, 
N.  1791-1804,  Barcalo,  1805-10,  DeWitt,  T.  1812-26,  Whitehead,  1828- 
35,  Polhemus,  A.  1835-57,  Cobb,  0.  E.  1857— 

Horse  Neck,  now  Fairfield. 

Hudson,  N.Y.  1835.  Fisher,  G.  H.  1836-41,  Gosman,  1841-53,  Demarest, 
D.  D.  1853-65,  Holmes,  J.  McC.  1865— 

Hudson,  N.J.  1846.     Lloyd,  Miss,  to,  1853-5,  King,  Miss,  to,  1856-7. 

Hudson,  N.J.  (Ger.)  1853.     Doeppenschmidt,  1864 — 

Hudson,  N.J.  2d,  (Ger.)  1859. 

Hurley,  1801.  Smith,  T.  G.  1801-8,  Gosman,  1808-11,  Ostrander,  H. 
1811-14,  Carle,  1814-25,  Van  Keuren,  1826-34,  Mason,  J.  (S.S.)  1834-6, 
Riley,  Wm.  1836-9,  Ilarriman,  1839-40,  Elmendorf,  A.  1840-3,  Cruik- 
shank,  J.  C.  1843-50,  Lippincott,  1850-66,  Harris,  1867— 

Huguenots,  S.T.  (Westfield,)  1850.  La  Tourctte,  1852-4,  Gregorj^,  T.  B. 
1855-60,  Stryker,  H.  B.  1861— 


THE   CHURCHES.  299 

Hyde  Pakk,  (Stoutsburgh,)  1793.     Browcr,  C.  1704-1812,  Wynkoop,  P.  P. 
1817-22,  Vandcrvcer,  F.  II.  1823-9,  Cahoone,  1829-38,  Wcslfall,  S.  V.  E. 
1834-7,  Cruikshank,  J.  C.  1837-43,  Elmendorf,  A.  1843-8,  Ten  Eyck, 
1848-43,  Datcr,  1853— 
Ilion,  18C2.     Pctric,  18C3— 

India,  Churches  in,  (Arcot  Mis.sion,  organized,  1854.) 
Aliexdel,  1805.     Mayou,  18CG — 
Arcot,  (Rahnepett,)  1840.     Scudder,  Jo.-^.  1852-0,  Sawyer,  1859-05, 

Scuddcr,  John,  1805 — 
Arnee,  18...     Scudder,  J.  W.   1855-9,  Mayou,   1859-02,  Scudder, 
S.  D.  1802-3,  Scudder,  John,  1803,  Mayou,  1803— 

Arulnadu,  (station  of  Arnec,)  1807. 

Arunodaya,  (station  of  Palamanair,)  t^07.     Chamberlain,  1867— 

Batavia,  (Java;)  Youngblood,  1830-0.     Van  Doren,  AV.  T.  1840-2. 

Borneo,  (station.)  Ncviiis,  1830-44,  Van  Doren,  W.  T.  1840-2, 
Abeel,  D.  1841-2,  Pohlman,  1838-44,  Doty,  1840^,  Thompson, 
B.  1840-8,  Steele,  W.  II.  1842-9,  Stryker,  I.  P.  1841-2. 

Chittoor,  1853.  Scudder,  E.  C.  1850-9,  Scudder,  W.  W.  1859-00, 
Scudder,  John,  1801-3,  Scudder,  E.  C.  1861-2,  Scudder,  J.  "W. 
1862— 

CoN-NOOK,  1857.  Scudder,  Jos.  1856-9,  Scudder,  II.  M.  (S.S.)  1860^, 
Scudder,  S.  D.  1804,  John,  (native  pastor,)  1867— 

Gingee,  (station,)  1801.     Mayou,  supplied,  1802-3. 

GNANODAYAJf,  1867.     Sawyer,  1867— 

Java.  Abeel,  D.  1830-1,  Nevius,  1830-.,  Doty,  1836-40,  Thompson, 
B.  1838-40,  Ennis,  1830-40,  Pohlman,  1838-44. 

Juggapilly,  (station  of  Palamanair.) 

Karangan,  Borneo.     Youngblood,  1842-9. 

KattapXdi,  1860.     Scudder,  E.  C.  1807-8.     , 

Kotagiri,  (station  of  Coonoor.) 

KuNDiPATTOOR,  1866.     Scudder,  E.  C.  1866-8. 

Madras,  1839.     Scudder,  John,  1839-42,  again,  1848-54. 

Madura,  1846.     Scudder,  John,  1846-8. 

Maliampett,  (station  of  Arnee.)     Mayou,  1807— 

Modur,  (station  of  Arnee,  1800.)     Mayou,  1SC7— 

MuDNAPiLLY,  1865.     Chamberlain,  1865 — 


300  THE    CHURCHES. 

Munimuthu,  (station  of  Arcot,  1806.)    Scudder,  John,  1866 — 

Ootacamund,  (station,  1864.)    Scudder,  H.  M.  1864. 

Palamanaik,  1860,  (Scudder,  E.  C.  supplied  the  station,  1859-60,) 
Chamberlain,  1860-2,  Scudder,  S.  D.  1863-5,  Scudder,  J.  W. 
1865-6,  Chamberlain,  1S66— 

Pontianak,  Borneo.     Youngblood,  1839-42,  Nevius,  183., -43. 

Parachoor,  (station  of  Arnee.)     Maj^ou,  1867 — 

Pandeteripo,  Ceylon.    Scudder,  John,  1819-39. 

Pariantangal,  (station  of  Coonoor,  1806.) 

Pudukapam,  (station  of  Arnee.)     Mayou,  1867 — 

Sakadu,  (station.)     Scudder,  E,  C.  1867-8, 

Sambas,  (Borneo.)     Doty. 

Sandavasal,  (station  of  Arnee.)     Mayou,  1867 — 

Sattanbady,  1863.     Mayou,  1863-5,  Sawyer,  1865 — 

Servoor,  (station  of  Arnee,)  1867.     Mayou,  1868 — 

Shekadu,  (station  of  Vellore.) 

Siam.    Abeel,  D.  1831-3,  1841, 

Siruthalambandi,  (station  of  Coonooor,  1866.) 

Tavimi,  (station  of  Arnee.) 

Vellambi,  1866,     Mayou,  1868— 

Vellore,  18. ..  Scudder,  H.  M.  1844-57,  Scudder,  W.  W.  1860^, 
Scudder,  E.  C.  1863-8. 

Indian  Castle,  (Danube,)  1772.     Ketchum,  Miss,  to,  1823. 

Indian  Castle,  1861.     Stanbrough,  1861 — 

Ithaca,  1830.  Mann,  1831-7,  Hoes,  1837-45,  Henry,  1846-9,  Bulkley, 
1851-2,  Elmendorf,  J.  1853-5,  Schenck,  J.  W.  1855-63,  Zabriskie,  F.  N. 
1863-6,  Strong,  T.  C.  1866— 

Irvington,  (Clintonville,  Camptown,)  1840.  Staats,  J.  A.  1840-1,  Chap- 
man, J.  L.  1842-9,  Bruen,  J.  M.  1850-2,  Taylor,  A.  B.  1852-5,  McKel- 
vey,  A.  1858-00,  Vehslage,  1861— 

Jackson,  1833.  Stewart,  J.  W.  1834-6,  Pitcher,  W.  1836-9,  Quick,  J,  J. 
1840-3,  Pitcher,  J.  H.  1844-52. 

Jamaica,  L.T.  1702.  Antonides,  1705-41,  Freeman,  1705-41,  (VanBasten, 
1739^0,)  Goetschius,  Ji  H.  1741-8,  Romeyn,  Thos.  1754-60,  Boelen, 
1776-80,  Froeh'gh,  S.  1775-6,  Van  Nest,  Pt.  1785-97,  Kuypers,  Z.  II. 
1794-1818,  Schoonmakcr,  J.  1802-50,  Garretson,  G.  I.  1835-49,  Alliger, 
1850— 


THE   CHURCHES. 


801 


Jamcsvillc,  N.Y.  18. ..     Evans,  E.  1830. 
Janesvillc,  1834.     Amcrman,T.  A.  18:59-40. 
Japan,  Mission  organized,  185 It. 

Japan,  1st  Church,  1803.     Brown,  S.  R.  1808-7. 

Kanagawa,  (station,  1859.)     Brown,  S.  R.  1859-03,  Ballagh,  J.  II. 

1861-3. 
Nagasaki,  (station,  1859.)     Vcrbeck,  1859— 

Yokohama,  (station,  1803.)     Brown,  S.  R.   1803-7,  Ballagh,  J.  II. 
•      1803— 

Java,  see  India. 

Jeffeuson,  Mich.  1851.  Ileerniance,  Har.  1851-7,  Evans,  Chs.  A.  1857-8, 
Vennilye,  D.  1803-0. 

Jeffersonville,  1852.  Wolf,  1853-4,  Hones,  1854-8,  Ricdel,  1858-1861. 
Boehrtr,  1862-6. 

Jeniks,  1794.     M.G.S.  i.  p.  256,  mentioned. 

Jersey  City,  1807. 

Jersey  City,  1830,  (Grand  st.)  Ostrandcr,  S.  Miss,  to,  1822,  Meeker,  May— 
Oct.  1830,  Talmage,  J.  R.  1830-3,  Lusk,  1833^8,  Yates,  J.  A.  called, 
1849,  died;  Lord,  D.  1850-1,  McCliire,  A.  1852-5,  Riddle,  D.  H.  1857-02, 
Scudder,  H.  M.  1805,  Peeke,  G.  1805— 

Jersey  City  2d,  (Van  Vorst,  Wayne  st.)  1846.     Taylor,  W.  J.  R.  1846-9, 

Van  Cleef,  P.  D.  1849— 
Jersey  City  3d,  (Jersey  Avenue,)  1852.    Ostrander,  S.  Miss,  to  Harsimus, 

1822  ;  Taylor,  W.  J.  R.  1852-4,  Strong,  J.  P.  1854-6,  Selden,  1857,  Wells, 

C.  L.\858-62,  Berry,  J.  R.  1803-8,  Suydam,  1868— 
Jersey  City,  (Ger.)  1856.     Docppenschmidt,  1856-04,  Meyer,  Karl,  Miss. 

to,  1804-0. 
Jerusalem,  (Feura  Bush,)  17. ..     Van  Iluysen,  1793-1825,  Kissam,  1828- 

41,  Van  Santvoord,  S.  1845-7,  Compton,  1854-00,  Gulick,  A.  V.  1860-5, 

Millspaugh,  1800— 
Johnsborough,  1819.     Center,  Miss,  to,  1823. 
Johnstown,    (Western    allotment  of    Kingsborough,)    1818.      Amcrman, 

1817-21,  Van  Vechten,  S.  1823-4,  Van  O'Linda,  Miss,  to,  1824,  Stryker, 

II.  B.  Miss,  to,  1830. 
Johnstown,  Secession,  1822.     Independent.  Amerman,  A.  1821-43,  Wcstcr- 

velt,  J.  P.  1845-55. 
Kakiat,  now  West  New-Hempstead,  and  Clarkstown. 


302  THE    CHURCHES. 

Kalamazoo,  Mich.  1851.  Gardeneir,  1855,  Klyn,  1856-62,  Vander  Meulen, 
18GJ-8,  Kriekaard,  1868— 

Kanagawa,  see  Japan. 

Kattambadi,  see  India. 

Keokuk,  1865.     Baay,  Miss,  to,  1860-2,  pastor,  1862-5,  disbanded. 

Kewascum,  Wis.  station.  Mattice,  Miss,  to,  1862-4,  Wilson,  C.  D.  Miss, 
to,  1864-7. 

Keyport,  1847.  Chapman,  N.  F.  Miss,  to,  1848-9,  Minor,  Miss,  to,  1850-1, 
Searle,  J.  Miss,  to,  1851-3,  Lockwood,  1854 — 

KiNDEKHOOK,  1712,  A  preaching  station  of  Albany,  1700-12.  Van  Dries- 
sen,  P.  supplied,  1712-27,  also  Ehle,  1720-. .,  Van  Driessen,  J.  1727-35, 
supplied  by  Van  Driessen,  P.  Van  Schie,  and  Frelinghuysen,  J.  1735-56, 
Frelinghuysen,  F.  called,  1753,  but  died ;  Fryenmoet,  1756-77,  (Ritzema, 
1778-88,)  Labagh,  I.  1789-99,  Sickles,  1801-35,  Van  Aken,  1834-5,  Heer- 
mance,  Plenry,  1835-6,  Vandervoort,  1837-42,  Van  Zandt,  B.  1842-53, 
Bronson,  1854-7,  Berry,  J.  R.  1857-63,  Collier,  Edward,  1864— 

Kinderhook  2d,  1834.     Cushing,  1834-5. 

Kings  Co.,  L.T.  1654.  A  general  name  embracing  the  collegiate  charges  of 
Brooklyn,  Flatlands,  Bushwick,  New-Utrecht,  Flatbush,  and,  at  times, 
Gravesend. 

Kingston,  (Esopus,)  1659.  Blom,  1660-7,  Tasschemacher,  1676-78,  Van 
Gaasbeek,  1678-80,  Weekstein,  1681-7,  Vandenbosch,  1687-91,  (Van 
Bosen,  1691-3,)?  Nucella,  1695-1704,  Beys,  1706-8,  Vas,  1710-32,  Man- 
cius,  1732-56,  Meyer,  H.  1703-72,  Doll,  1775-1808,  Gosraan,  1808-35, 
Lillie,  1836-41,  Van  Wagenen,  1841-4,  Hoes,  1845-67,  Van  Derveer, 
1867— 

Kingston,  (Ger.)  17. ..     Gross,  1773-83. 

Kingston  2d,  1849.  Smuller,  1850-3,  Du  Bois,  A.  1854-9,  Collier,  Jos, 
1859-64,  Stitt,  1865— 

Kiskatom,  1833.  Van  Liew,  J.  C.  1883-4,  HofF,  1835^2,  Lyall,  1844-7, 
See,  J.  L.  1847-50,  Compton,  1851-4,  Eckel,  1854-5,  Case,  1857-60, 
Rockwell,  Chs.  1860-8,  See,  W.  G.  E.  1868— 

Kistigirene,  another  name,  or  an  error,  for  Niskayuma,  M.G.8.  i.  255. 

Kleyn  Esopus,  now  Esopus. 

Knowlton,  Warren  Co.  N.J.  17...  Chitara,  1787-92,  Wack,  0.  supplied. 
1792-1809,  Wack,  J.  J.  also  supplied,  1798-1805,  (Presbyterian,  Talmage, 
Jehiel,  1816-43.) 

Knox,  1841.  Knieskern,  1841-5,  Lane,  1857-60,  Comfort,  1860-3,  Vedder, 
1863-8. 


TUE  CHUKCIIKS.  303 

Kolongsoo,  sec  China. 
Kriim,  same  as  Hillsdale. 
Kundipatoor,  see  India. 
La  Fayette,  18G3.     Duryea,  W.  R.  1804— 
Lakeville,  same  as  Success. 

Lansing,  (station.)     Demarest,  Jas.  (Sr.)  Miss,  to,  1848. 
Lansingburgh,  17..,  Lupton,  1788-9,  called  also  Stone  Arabia,  but  not  to  be 
confounded  with  the  place  now  known  by  that  name. 

Lawvervili.e,  (Xew-Rhinebeck,)  1788.  Labagh,  L  1803-14,  Jones,  N. 
1816-20,  Labagh,  L  1823-7,  Raymond,  1829-32,  Bassler,  18  33-8,  Lock- 
head,  1839-43,  Spaulding,  184G-52,  Hall,  D.  B.  (S.S.)  1853-5,  Raymond 
1850-64,  VanWoert,  18G7— 

Lebanon,  (Ger.  Ref.)  (Rockaway,)  1740.  Wirtz,  1750-01,  Kails,  1757-0, 
Dallicker,  1770-82,  AVack,  C.  1782-1800,  (R.D.C.  1813.)  Schultz,  1810- 
34,  Wack,  C.  P.  1835-40,  Van  Amburgh,  1840-8,  Steele,  J.  1848-53, 
Van  Amburgh,  1853-09. 

Leeds,  (Catskill,  Madison,)  1732.  AYeiss  ?  1731-6,  Schuneman,  1753-04, 
Labagh,  1798-1809,  Wynkoop,  P.  S.  1814^17,  Wyckoff,  L  N.  1818-34, 
VanLiew,  J.  C.  1832-3,  Hoff,  1835^2,  Romeyn,  Jas.  1842-4,  Slinger- 
land,  1844-5,  Betts,  1845-50,  Minor,  1851-0,  Searle,  S.  T.  1857— 

•  LeRoy,  Jefferson  Co.  N.Y.  1821. 

Leyden  Center,  1807.     Johnson,  H.  H.  (S.S.)  1867— 

LiNLiTHGO,  (Livingston  Manor,)  1722.  Van  Driessen,  J.  (S.S.)  1722-38, 
Van  Hovenbcrgh,  supplied,  1743-50,  Fryenmoet,  1750-70,  supplied  by 
Livingston,  J.  H.  1779-81,  Lansing,  Nic.  1781^,  Romeyn,  Jer.  1788- 
1800,  Vedder,  Herman,  supplied,  1800-14,  Kittle,  1815-27,  Holmes,  E. 
1827-35,  Van  Wagenen,  1835-41,  Fonda,  J.  D.  1842-7,  Crispell,  1847-57, 
Shepard'  1858-07,  Kip,  F.  M.  (Jr.)  1807— 

Lisha's  Kill,  1852.     Wells,  1855-8,  De  Baum,  J.  A.  1858— 

Little  Falls,  N.J.  1837.     Stryker,  H.  B.  Miss,  to,  1823-7,  Ogiline,  Mis-s. 

to,  1827-9,  Wilson,  Jos.  1838^5,  Vedder,  E.  1845-9,  Cruikshank,  J.  C. 

1850-08. 
Livingston  Manor,  1700-10.     Now  embracing  the  churclics  of  Linlithgo, 

Tnghkanic,  Greenbush,  (CI.  of  Hudson,)  etc. 
Livingston,  (station.)     Evans,  Wm.  Miss,  to,  1826. 
LoDi,  N.Y.  1825.  (See  Ovid.)  Messier,  1825-8,  Bennett,  A.  1829-38,  Liddell, 

1838^8,  Garretson,  G.  J.  1849-52,  Van  Neste,  G.  1853-65,  Collier,   1. 

H.  1807— 
LoDi,  N.J.  1859.     Huyssoon,  1859-64,  Wust,  1804-8. 


304  THE    CHURCHES. 

Long  Branch,  1851.     Conklin,  Miss,  to,  184Y-51,  Wilson,  Jas.  B.  1851— 

Low-  Pkaiiue,  111.  1835.  Ypuma,  1853-61,  Bolks,  1862-5,  Koopman,  1865- 
8,  Zwemer,  1868— 

Lower  Canajoharie,  1773. 

Lower  Red  Hook,  see  Red  Hook  Landing. 

Lower  Schoharie,  17. .. 

Lyons,  1833.    Nevius,  Miss,  to,  1835. 

Lysander,  Onondaga  Co.  N.Y.  1828.  Stevenson,  Miss,  to,  1827-8,  Quaw, 
Miss,  to,  1829-30,  Marcellus,  1830-1,  Williams,  M.  B.  1834-7,  Knight, 
R.  W.  1846-48,  Bradford,  W.  W.  1849-55,  Van  Vranken,  F.  V.  1861-5, 
Enders,  1866— 

Macao,  see  China. 

Macon,  Mich.  1849.  Taylor,  A.  B.  1819-52,  ^Kershow,  1853-5,  Beidler, 
1856-7,  Heermance,  Har.  1857-62,  Skillman,  1863— 

Madison,  now  Leeds. 

Mahakemack,  now  Deer  Park. 

Majiakating,  (Wurtsboro,  Rome,)  1803.  Du  Bois,  G.  1820^,  Van 
Vechten,  S.  1824-9,  Edwards,  (S.S.)  1831^,  Drake,  1842-4,  Hillman, 
1846-9,  Cruikshank,  (S.S.)  1849-53,  Searle,  S.  1853-9,  Du  Bois,  John, 
1859-66,  Fnizee,  1866— 

Manayunk,  see  Philadelphia. 

Manheim,  (Snell's  Bush,)  1770 ,  Goetschius,  S.   Z.  Miss,  to, 

1822,  Ketchum,  1823-30,  Manley,  J.  1831-3,  Murphy,  1834-6,  Weidman, 
1837-^1,  Du  Bois,  John,  1843-5,  Meyers,  A.  H.  1848-52,  Weidman, 
1852-60,  Stanbrough,  1861— 

Mapeng,  see  China. 

Mapeltown.  1801.  (See  Canajoharie.)  Toll,  1803-15,  Hasbrouck,  J.  R.  H. 
1820-6,  Vanderveer,  J.  Miss,  to,  1823,  Van  Vechten,  S.  Mis^.  to,  1823-4, 
Van  Keuren,  Miss,  to,  1824,  Van  Olinda,  1830-1,  Hangen,  1832-6,  Heer- 
mance, Har.  1837-40,  Carle,  1848-51,  Buckelew,  1852-5,  Quick,  J.  J. 
1856-62,  Whitbeck,  R.  M.  (S.S.)  1863^,  Compton,  (S.S.)  1864. 

Marbletown,  (Marmerton,  Mormelton,)  1737.  Frelinghuysen,  Jac.  called, 
1753,  but  d.  Frelinghuysen,  H.  1756-7,  Romeyn,  D.  1766-75,  Harden- 
bergh,  J.  R.  1781-6,  Van  Home,  A.  1789-95,  Goetschius,  S.  1796-1814, 
Carle,  1814-26,  Paulison,  1826-9,  Van  Dyck,  C.  L.  1829-53,  McNair, 
1855-9,  Shaw,  W.  A.  1859-60,  McNair,  1860-7,  Brush,  W.  W.  1868— 

Marbletown  2d,  (Worth  or  North,)  1851.  Lippincott,  (S.S.)  1851-6, 
Harris,  1867— 

Marbletown,  (Conferentie,)  same  as  New-Paltz  2d. 


THE   CHURCHES.  305 

Marmcrton,  now  Marbletown. 
Mariaville,  1843.     Donald,  1814-50. 
Marsliallvillc,  1831. 
Martinsburgh,  Lewis  Co.  N.Y.  1827. 

MayfieKl,  Fulton  Co.  N.Y.  1793.  Ten  Eyck,  1799-1812,  Amcrman,  A. 
1817-21,  Van  Olinda,  Miss,  to,  1824,  Van  Vcchten,  S.  Miss,  to,  1823-4. 

Manfield,  Independent,  1821.  Amcrman,  A.  1821-43,  "Wcstcrvelt,  J.  P. 
1845-55. 

Medina,  Mich.  184G.     Ilccrmance,  liar.  1S4G-51. 

Mellenville,  see  Clavcrack  2d. 

Melrose,  (Ger.)  1854.  Scbroepfer,  1855 -Gl,  Dablman,  1861-3,  "Wagner, 
1800-7,  Meuri,  18G7— 

Metuciien,  1857.     Thompson,  J.  B.  1859-GG,  Bogert,  N.  J.  M.  18G7— 

MiDDLEBCRGii,  (UppcF  Schoharic,)  1732  ?  Van  Nest,  R.  1774-85,  De  Voc, 
1808-1..,  Scbcrmerhorn,  J.  F.  1817-27,  Garretson,  J.  1827-33,  Steele, 
J.  B.  1833-8,  Boyd,  Joshua,  1840-2,  West,  1845-52,  See,  I.  M.  1852-4, 
Vedder,  E.  1855-63,  Bogardus,  W.  E.  supplied,  1863,  Lott,  1863— 

MiDDLEBUSH,  1834.  Schultz,  1834-8,  Van  Doren,  J.  A.  1838-66,  Swain, 
1866-8,  Mershon,  18G9— 

.MroDLEPORT,  1852.     De  Puy,  1856,  Jones,  N.  W.  1856-60,  Van  VIeck,   J. 
18G2-4,  Du  Bois,  J.  1866— 

Middletown,  N.  Y.  17. ..  Close,  179..-1803,  Toll,  1803-22,  Palmer,  1818-20, 
Van  Hook,  Miss,  to,  1822,  Boyd,  Josh.  Miss,  to,  182G-7. 

Middletown,  N.Y.  Secession,  1822. 

Middletown,  N.  J.  now  Holmdel. 

Middletown-  Village,  1836.  Crawford,  1839-40,  Millspaugh,  1841-66, 
Seibert,  1866— 

Midwout,  a  name  including  the  several  churches  in  Kings  Co.  L.  I.  See 
Kings  Co. 

MiLESviLLE,  1858.     Bochrer,  1862-6,  Schnellendrcusslcr,  1868— 

MiLLBUooK,  186G.     Cobb,  11.  E.  18GG— 

Millstone,  now  Ilarlingen.  Prior  to  176G,  Millstone,  in  the  minutes, 
always  means  Ilarlingen.     (See  Millstone  Centennial.) 

Millstone,  see  Hillsborough. 

Milwaukee,  Wis.  1851.  Klyn,  1852-4,  Bolks,  1855-61,  Vandcr  Meulen, 
John,  1862— 

MiNA  CoRXEus,  1856.     Dunnewold,  supplied,  1856-60,  pastor,  1860-68. 
20 


306  THE   CHURgHES. 

Minaville,  now  Florida. 
Minden,  18.  .  . 

MiNisiNK,  (Nominack,)  1737.  Fryenmoet,  1741-5G,  Romeyn,  T.  1760-72, 
Van  Bunschooten,  E.  1785-1800,  Demarest,  John,  1803-8,  Eltinge,  C.  0. 
1816-37,  Ayres,  1838-41,  Bookstaver,  1841-7,  (Morse,  J.  G.  Presbyt. 
supply,  1848-9,)  Demarest,  John  T.  1850-2,  Jones,  D.  A.  1852-8,  Gates, 
1860-2,  Cornell,  Wm.  1862-3,  Moore,  W.  S.  1864— 

Mohawk,  1838.  Murphy,  1840-3,  Starks,  1843-52,  Slingerland,  1855-6, 
Hammond,  J.  W.  1856-9,  Mott,  C.  D.  1859-64,  Slingerland,  1865-6, 
Consaul,  (S.S.)  1867— 

Mombacus,  now  Rochester. 

Montgomery,  (Wallkill,  or  New-Paltz  2d,?)  1732.  Vrooman,  1752-3,  Kern, 
1771-8,  Van  Nest,  R.  1774-85,  Froeligh,  M.  1788-1817,  Fonda,  Jesse, 
1817-27,  Lee,  R.  P.  1829-58,  Van  Zandt,  A.  B.  1859— 

MoNTViLLE,  (Persippany,  or  Boonton,)  1756.  Marinas,  supplied,  1756-68, 
(Blauw,  Conferentie,  1762-8,)  Myer,  H.  supplied,  1772-91,  Ostrander,  S. 
1794-1810,  Kuypers,  W.  P.  1801-5,  Brinkerhoff,  1821-4,  Messier,  Miss. 
to,  1824,  Morris,  J.  Miss,  to,  1825,  Tarbell,  Miss,  to,  1826,  Ogilvie, 
1826-7,  Messier,  1829-32,  Cornell,  F.  F.  1833-6,  Woods,  1838,  Lord, 
Jer.  L.  1840-43,  Janeway,  J.  L,  1843-50,  Conklin,  1851— 

Montville,  Secession,  1824.  Brinkerhoff,  J.  G.,  Miss,  to,  1824,  again, 
1825-30. 

MoRESviLLE,  1836.  Knight,  Wm.  (S.S.)  1841-2,  Hillman,  1843-5,  Evans, 
1849-53,  Eckel,  1853-4,  Buckelew,  1859-64. 

Mormelton,  now  Marbletown. 

MoTT  Haven,  1851.     Van  Doren,  W.  T.  1852-3,  De  Puy,  1853-4,  Enyard, 

1858-65,  Du  Bois,  1866— 
MoTTViLLE,  Mich.   1849.     Secber,   1849-51,  Bailey,    1856-63,    Beardsley, 

1863-4. 

Mt.  Morris,  1839.     Hammond,  1842-5. 

3ft.  Morris,  Secession,  1828.     Brinkerhoff,  J.  G.  1 844-. . . 

Mt,  Pleasant,  now  Stanton,  N.J. 

Mt.  Pleasant,  now  Greenport,  N.Y. 

Mt.  Pleasant,  see  New- York. 

Mt.  Vernon,  1853.  Snyder,  B.  F.  Miss,  to,  1852-4,  See,  L  M.  1854-64, 
Hutton,  M.  H.  1864— 

Mudnapilly,  see  India. 

Muskegon,  Mich.  1859.     Houbolt,  1864 — 


THE   CHURCHES.  307 

Naponocli,  now  Wawarsinj. 

Nassai-,  (Union  Yillase.)  1S03.  Bork,  1R03-8,  Fonda,  Jesse,  1808-13, 
Van  IJiiren,  P.  lS14-'2i),  Romeyn,  Jas.  1820-7,  Morris,  J.  V.  1820-32, 
Hunt,  C.  1832-7,  Knox,  J.  P.  1838-41,  Holmes,  1841-ol,  Steele,  11.  II. 
1852-G3,  Collier,  I.  H.  1801-0,  Brush,  A.  II.  1867  — 

Naumberg,  (Ger.)  1855.     Wolf,  1850-60,  Becker,  1860— 

Navcsink,  (Xeversink,)  see  Freehold  and  Ilolmdel. 

Ne-Shanic,  (Shannick,  Nechanic,  New-Shannock,)  1758.  Ilardenbcrgh,  J. 
R.  1758-61,  Van  Ilarlingen,  J.  M.  1762-95,  Froeliirh,  S.  1780-6, 
Smith,  W.  R.  1794-1817,  Polhemus,  II.  1798-1808,  Labagh,  P.  1809-21, 
Ludlow,  G.  1821— 

Nestcgauna,  now  Niskayuna. 

Neversink,  (IT  G.  S.  i.   19,  22,)  an  error  for  Minisink. 

Neversink,  see  Xavesink. 

Neversink,  now  Fallsburgh. 

NewArastel,  (New-Castle,)  Del.  1G42.  (Campanius,  John,  1G42-54,  Swe- 
dish.) R.  D.  C.  1654,  oiganized  by  Polhemus,  on  his  way  from  Brazil. 
"Wclius,  1657-9,  Hadson  called,  d.  on  passage,  1664,  Tasschemacher, 
1678-80.  (Now  Presbj^t.  Full  account  in  SpotswooiVs  Histoi'ical  Ser- 
mon.) 

"New-Amsterdam,  now  New-York. 

Newark,  1833.     AYells,  R.  1835-42,  Scott,  Jas.  1843-58,  Terhune,  1859— 

Newark  2d,  1848.  Williamson,  G.  R.  1848-9,  Van  Brunt  supplied,  1849, 
Abeel,  G.  1849-64,  Riddle,  M.  B.  1805-9. 

Newark  3d,  1848.     Serenbets,  1849,  Lehlback,  1850-61. 

Newark,  North,  1856.  Polhemus,  A.  May-Oct.  1857,  Du  Bois,  II.  1859- 
61,Demarcst,  Jas.  (Jr.)  1803-6,  Hart,  1867— 

Newark,  West,  1866.     Wenisch,  1867— 

Newark,  SocTn,  1868.     (Clinton  Av.) 

New-Baltimore,  1836.  Cornell,  J.  A.  II.  1843-8,  Peltz,  1848-51,  Davies,. 
1852-0,  Gardner,  1856-60,  Strong,  R.  G.  1861  — 

New-Bremen,  1855.     Wolf,  1856-60,  Becker,  1860— 

New-Bkuxswick,  (see  Three  Mile  Run,)  1717.  Frelinghuysen,  T.  J.  1720- 
48,  Lcydt,  J.  1748-83,  Hardenbergh,  J.  R.  1780-90,  Condict,  1793-1811,, 
Schurcman,  1812-13,  Fonda,  Jesse,  1813-17,  Ludlow,  J.  1817-19,  Ferris,. 
I.  1821-4,  Hardenbergh.  J.  B.  1825-9,  Janeway,  J.  J.  1830-1,  How,. 
1832-61,  Steele,  R,  H.  1863— 


308  THE   CHUKCHES. 

New-Brunswick  2d,  1843.     Demarest,  D.  D.  1843-52,  Woodbridge,  1852- 

7,  Wilson,  IT.  M.  1858-62,  Schenck,  J.  W.  1863-6,  Hartranft,  186T— 

New-Brunswick  3d,  (Ger.)  1851.     Serenbets,  1851—4,  Schneeweiss,  1855- 

8,  Hones,   (S.S.)   1858-60,   Meyer,  C.  (S.S.)  1863^,  Cludius,   1865-6, 
Meyer,  C.  (S.S.)  1867— 

Newburgd,  1835.  Cruikshank,  AY.  1835-8,  Fisher,  I.  M.  1838-9,  Yan- 
dcrveer,  F.  H.  1839-42,  Yan  Zandt,  A.  B.  1842-9,  McLaren,  1850-9, 
Mandeville,  G.  H.  1859— 

New-Concord,  1856.     Decker,  1857-60,  Jansen,  1860-4,  Jones,  D.  A.  1864 

-7,  Bevier,  (S.S.)  1867— 
New-Dcrhaji,  1843.     Taylor,  W.  J.  R.  1844-6,  Mabon,  W.  Y.  Y.  1846— 

Newfoundland,  N.  J.  1815. 

New-Hackensack,  1758.     Rysdyck,  1765-89,  Yan  Yranken,  N.  1791-1804, 

Barcolo,  1805-10,  De  Witt,  T.  1812-26,  Dwight,  M.  W.   1826-33,  Yan 

Cleef,  C.  1833-66,  Ward,  1867— 

New-Harlem,  same  as  Harlem. 
New-Harlem,  same  as  Fonda's  Bush. 

New-Haven,  (South  Ch.  Cong.)  Ct.  1852.  (Stiles  supplied,  1852-7,  Noyes, 
1857-61,  Carroll,  1861-8.)  Ref.  Ch.  1868.  Carroll,  1868-9,  Brush,  W. 
(S.S.)  1809— 

New-Hempstead,  now  Clarkstown. 

New-Hurley,  1770.  Goetschius,  S.  1775-96,  Meyer,  J.  H.  1799-1808, 
Froeligh,  P.  D.  1807-16,  Bogardus,  W,  R.  1817-28,  Yanderveer,  F.  H. 
1829-39,  Demarest,  Wm.  1840-5,  Slingerland,  1846-54,  Comfort,  1854 — 

Neav-Lots,  1824.  Cruikshank,  W.  1824-34,  Baldwin,  J.  C.  1836-52, 
Yan  Buren,  J.  M.  1852— 

New-Millstone,  same  as  Hillsborough  and  Millstone. 

New  Paltz,  1683.  Originall}-  French  Ref.  Daille  supplied  occasionally,  1683 
-96,  (supplied  chief!}'  by  ministers  from  Kingston  ?  1696-1727,)  Yan  Dries- 
sen,  J.  supplied, 1727-36,  1751,  Schunema,  1753^,  Chalker,  1760  ?  Goet- 
schius, J.  M.  1760-71,  Goetschius,  S.  1775-96,  Meyer,  J.  H.  1799-1803, 
Froeligh,  P.  D.  1807-16,  Bogardus,  W.  R.  1817-31,  Yan  Olinda,  1832-14, 
Yandervoort,  1845-8,  Stitt,  1848-65,  Peltz,  1865— 

New-Paltz  2d,  Conferentie,  see  Montgomery;  1752.  Yrooman,  1752-3, 
Yan  Nest,  R.  1774-83,  reunited. 

New-Prospect,  1816.  Wilson,  A.  D.  1810-29,  Shimeall,  1829-31,  Ward, 
J.  W.  1832-7,  Demarest,  J.  T.  1837-41,  Moore,  W.  S.  1850-6,  Hamilton, 
1857-63,  Connitt,  1866— 

New-Rhinebeck,  now  Lawyerville. 

New-Rochelle,  (Ger.)  1858. 


TIIK   CIIUKCIIES.  309 

New-Sai-em,  (Salem,)  17....  Van  lliiysen,  1793-1825,  Blair,  Miss,  to 
1825,  Dumont,  Miss,  to,  182G,  Boice,  I.  C.  1820-9,  Fort,  1829-30,  West- 
fall,  S.  V.  E.  1837-i7,  Van  Santvoonl,  S.  (S.S.)  1843-4,  Middlemas, 
1854-5,  Lansing,  A.  G.  1858-01,  Slauson,  1801-G,  Korshow,  18G8— 

New-Shannock,  same  as  Nc-Shanic. 

New-Stissing,  17.  .. 

Newtox,  L.I.  1731.  (Van  Basten,  1739-40,)  Goetschius,  J.  H.  1741-8, 
Romeyn,  Thos.  1754-GO,  Boelen,  1766-80,  Froeligh,  S.  1775-6,  Van  Nest, 
R.  1785-97,  Kuypers,  Z.  IL  1794-1802,  Schoonmaker,  J.  1802^9,  Gar- 
retson,  G.  L  1835-49,  Strong,  T.  C.  1849-59,  Anderson,  W.  A.  1859-66, 
Shepard,  1867— 

Newton  2d,  1855.  Dickhaut,  1856-61,  Wenisch,  1865-6,  Steinfuhrer, 
1867— 

Newtown,  (CI.  Ren.)  1803. 

New-Utueciit,  1677.  Van  Zuuren,  1077-85,  (Clark,  Jas.  1680-95,)  Varick, 
1685-94,  Lupardus,  1695-1702,  Freeman,  1705-41,  Antonides,  1705-44, 
Arondeus,  1742-7,  Van  Sinderin,  1747-84,  Curtenius,  1755-6,  Rubel, 
1759-83,  Schoonmaker,  M.  1785-1824,  Lowe,  P.  1787-1808,  Beattie, 
1809-34,  Currie,  1835-60,  Sutphen,  1807— 

New-Youk,  (New-Amsterdam,)  1019.  Embracing  Collegiate  Churches ;  (at 
first,  worship  was  conducted  in  different  buildings,  then  at  Old  Slip,  and 
then  in  the  fort  on  the  Batterj^,  till  1693.) 

,^  South,   169-3,   (Garden  st.)  burned,  1813;  now  South  Dutch. 
I  Middle,  1727.     (Nassau  st.)  till  1844;  Ninth  st.  1836-54,  now  La 
I     Fayette  Place,  since  1839. 
,NoKTn,  1767.     (Fulton  st.) 
TwENTY-NixTH  St.  1854. 

Forty-Sf.cond  St.  1868.  Michaelius,  1628-33,?  Bogardus,  E.  1633- 
47,  Backerus,  1647-9,  Megapolensi?,  J.  1649-64,  Drisius,  1652-71. 
Megapolensis,  S.  1664-8,  Van  Nicwenhuysen,  1671-5,  again,  1676- 
82,  Selyns,  1682-1701,  Du  Bois,  Gualterus,  1699-1751,  Boel, 
1713-54,  Ritzema,  1744-84,  De  Ronde,  1751-84,  Laidlie,  1764-79, 
Livingston,  J.  L.  1770-1810,  Linn,  1784-1805,  Kuypers?,  G.  A. 
1789-18.33,  Abeel,  J.  N.  1794-1812,  Schureman,  1809-11,  Brod- 
head,  1809-13,  Milledoler,  1813-25,  Knox,  1816-58,  Strong,  P.  N. 
1816-26,  Brownlee,  1826^8,  De  Witt,  T.  1827—,  Vermilye,  T.  E. 
1839—,  Chambers,  1849—,  Duryea,  Jos.  T.  1862-7,  McNair,  Miss, 
pastor  at  North  Ch.  Fulton  st.  1867—,  Ludlow,  Jas.  M.  1868— 

African  Church,  1823,  Jordan,  1826-9. 

Bloomin'gd.\le,  1805.  Bogart,  D.  S.  1806-7,  Gunn,  1809-29,  Kip, 
F.  M.  1830-1,  supplied  by  L  P.  Labagh,  1831-2,  Burtiss,  1834, 
Van  A  ken,  E.  1835— 


310  THE    CHUECHES. 

Broadway,  afterward  Stanton  st.  1843.  Lillie,  1843-8.  In  1848,  be- 
came Presbyterian. 

Broome  St.,  moved  to  Thirty -fourth  st,  in  1860. 

Central,  see  Ninth  St. 

(  German  Reformed,  1758,  (Nassau  st.)  (Rosencrantz,  1758-9,  Kails, 

1759-60,  Rothenbergler,  1761-2.)  (R.  D.  C.  1763.)  Kern,  1768- 
72,  Foering,  1772^,  Gebhard,  177-^6,  Gross,  1783-8,  Milledoler, 

;  1795-1805,  Will,  1802,  Runkle,  1805-12,  Dreyer,  1812-14,  Smith, 
....,Labagh, ,  1814-22,  Knouse,  1823-7,  Mills,  1823-33, 

^  (Smith,  Lewis,  a  Lutheran,  1833-8,)  Ebaugh,  1838-9,  again  1844- 

51, ?  ?    He  was  recognized  as  pastor,  but  without  a  people,  for 

many  years.  From  1823-38,  this  church  claimed  independency 
of  Classis,  and  afterward  became  involved  in  tedious  litigation. 

•  Gee.  Evangel.  Miss.  (Houston  st.)  1838.     Rudy,  1839-42,  Guldin, 

1842-63,  Geyer,  1863— 

Geb.  Evang.  2d,  1848.  (Grand  st.)  Steins,  1849,  Birkey,  1852-65. 

Ger.  Evang.  3d,  1852.     Dickhaut,  1854,  Friedel,  1856— 

j  Ger.  Evang.  4th,  1854.     Schwedes,  1855,  (1866,  Ger.  Ref.) 

Ger.  Ref.  D.  4th,  1858.    Oerter,  1858— 

;  Greenwich,  1803.    (Cor.  Bleecker  and  Amos  sis.)  Rowan,  1807-19, 

Hardenbergh,  C.  1820-1,  Marselus,  1822-58,  Van  Arsdale,  C.  C. 
1852-4,  Marvin,  1855-8,  Strong,  T.  C.  1859-66. 

Harlem,  1660.     Supplied  by  Ministers  from  New-York,  generally, 
j  1660-1744,  Beys,  1710,  Ritzema,  1744-65,  Schoonmaker,  M.  1765- 

84,  Jackson,  J.  F.  1792-1806,  Romeyn,  J.  1807-14,  Yermeule, 
1816-36,  Schoonmaker,  L,  1837^7,  Lord,  Jer.  1848-69. 

Harlem,  (Ger.)  1853.     Bielfield,  1855. 

Holland  Cn.  1866.     Uiterwyck,  1866-8. 

Houston  St.,  see  Seventh  Avenue. 

King  St.,  Secession,  1823,  "Westervelt,  S.  D.  1839-50,  Demarest, 
C.  T.  1851-68,  Van  Houten,  1865— 

Livingston  Ch.  (Eighth  Av.)  1851.  Lloyd,  1851-3,  McGregor,  1855, 
Zabriskie,  F.  N.  1856-9,  united  with  Thirty-fourth  St. 

Madison  St.  Chapel,  1861.  Hardenbergh,  J.  B.  1861,  Blauvelt,  A. 
assistant  1861. 

Manhattan,  1829.  (Av.  B.)  Knouse,  1829-38,  Van  Kleek,  1835, 
Marcellus,  1835-6,  Cornell,  F.  F.  1836-56,  Collier,  Ezra,  1854-6, 
Wiggins,  1857 — 


THE  cnuRcnKS. 


311 


lilAUKET  St.,  1S19.    McMurray,  1820-35,  Ferris,  I.  183G-52,  Cuyler, 

T.  L.  1854-9,  Butcher,  18G3-C. 
Mt.  Pleasant,  (Fiftieth  st.)  18-iG.     Brett,  P.  M.  184G-51,  Jameson, 

1852-G2,  Miller,  W.  II.  1862-3,  See,  I.  M.  1864-7,  disbanded. 
Ninth  St.,  1831.     Kip,  F.  M.  1831-6,  (from  1836-54,  belonged  to 

Collegiate  Ch.,)  Van  Zandt,  A.  B.  185C-9. 
North  St.  1833.     How,  S.  B.  Miss,   to,  1828-9,  Messier,  Miss,  to, 

1828-9. 
North-Trinity,  R.  D.  C.  1861.  (Cor.  Broadway  and  Thirty-Fourth  st.) 
Nokth-West,  180r.      (In   Franklin  st,  till  1854,  now  in  23d  st.) 

Bork,    1808-23,   Du  Bois,  G.  1824-37,  Hunt,  1837-39,  supplied 

by  Ilarkness,  1840,  Ilardenbergh,  1840-56,  Gansc,  1856— 
Orchard  St.,  1826.     Teller,  1826-9,  Abeel,  D.  supplied,  1829,  Ilar- 
denbergh, J.  B.  1829-30,  supplied  by  Janeway,  J.  J.  1830-1,  by 

Labagh,  I.  P.  1831-2. 
Prospect  Hill,  1860.     Quackenbush,  1860— 
Rivington  St.,  (station,)  Shimeall,  Miss,  to,  1827-8. 
Sanctity  Ch.  (Ger.)  17... 
Seventh  Avenue,  (Houston  St.,)  1823.      Baldwin,  E.  1825-39,  De 

Mund,  1839-48,  Whitehead,   1848-9,   Gordon,  1849-58,  Dutcher 

1858-9,  disbanded. 
Seventh  Av.  (Ger.)  1857. 
South  DuTcn.  In  1813,  withdrew  from  the  Collegiate  Ch.  In  Garden 

St.  till  1835,  when  it  divided  into  Murray  St.  (since  1848,  Fifth 

Avenue,)  and  Washington  Square.  Mathews,  1813-35,  Hutton,  M. 

S.  1834-5,  Macauley,  1837-61,  Rogers,  1862—  ; 

Stanton  St.,  see  Broadway. 

Stuyvesant's  Bouwerie,  1660.     Selyns,  1660-64. 

Twenty-First  St.,  1836.  May,  1839-48,  Van  Nest,  A.  R.  1848-62, 
Bethune,  1859-62,  Thompson,  A.  R.  1862— (Now,  1869,  in  For- 
tieth St.) 

TniRTT-FocRTn  St.,  (Formerly  Broome  St.)  1823.  McLean,  1824-ft, 
Brodhead,  1826-37,  Van  Vranken,  S.  A.  1837-41,  Fisher,  G.  H. 
1841-55,Voorhces,  H.V.  1855-6,  Stryker,  1856-68,  Riley,  1.1868— 

TuiRTY-XixTH  St.,  (station,)  18G7.     Clark,  W.  H.  Miss,  to,  1867— 

Union,  1859,  (Sixth  Av.)  Formed  by  the  union  of  the  Seventh  Av. 

Ch.  and  the  West  II.  D.  C.     Dutcher,  1859-63,  Hartley,    1864— 

Vandewater  St,  1830.     Dey,  1830-1. 

WAsniNGTON  Heights,  1843.  Whitehead,  Chas.  1854-62,  Voorhees, 
II.  M.  1862-5. 


312  THE    CHURCHES. 

■Washington  Squake,  1837.  Mathews,  1837-42,  Huiton,  1837 — 
West  R.  D.  C.  (Sixth  Av.)  1850.  Gary,  1851,  McKee,  1852-8. 
Yorkville,  (station,)  Fre}',  Miss,  to,  1827. 

NiSKAYUNA,  (Nestegauna,)  17. ..  Demarest,  J.  1790-1803,  Romeyn,  T.  1806- 
27,  McKelvey,  J.  1827-31,  Van  Wagenen,  1831-5,  Raymond,  1836-50, 
Talmage,  G.  1851-5,  Wells,  C.  L.  1855-8,  DeBaun,  J.  A.  1858— 

Nominack,  now  Minisink. 

Noordelors,  1855. 

Noord-HoUand,  now  North-Holland. 

Norman's  Kill,  1783  ? 

NoRKis,  111.  (station,)  Bogardus,  W.  E.  Miss,  to,  1868— 

North-Bergen,  (Ger.)  1853.  Mohn,  1854-6,  Becker,  1857-60,  Justin, 
1865— 

North-Blenheim,  1850.  Scribner,  (S.S.)  1847-8,  Van  Woert,  1850-3,  See, 
W.  G.  E.  1853-9,  Shafer,  1860-7,  Vandewater,  1867-9. 

North-Branch,  now  Readington. 

Nokth-Branch,  1825.  Fisher,  G.  H.  1826-30,  Wilson,  A.  D.  1831-8,  Camp- 
bell, J.  K.  1838-54,  Doolittle,  P.  M.  1856— 

Nokth-Creek,  111.  1862. 

North-Esopds,  1851.  Taylor,  W.  1853^,  Meyers,^  A.  H.  1855-6,  Van 
Dyck,  C.  L.  1857-66,  Arcularius,  1866— 

North-Gowanus,  see  Brooklyn. 

North  and  South  Hampton,  1721.  (Ger.  Ref.  till  1771,  then  D.R.)  Fre- 
linghuysen  often  supplied,  1721-31,  Dorstius,  1731-48,  Goetschius,  1738- 
40,  Du  Bois,  Jonathan,  1750-72,  (pastor,  name  unknown,  1773-80  ?)  ace. 
to  letter  from  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  1775,  to  Ger.  Coetiis ;  (see  also 
Earlaugh,  ii.  381  ;)  Leydt,  M.  1780-3,  Stryker,  P.  1788-90,  Brush,  J. 
0.  1794-6,  Larzalere,  1797-1828,  Halsey,  A.  0.  1829-67,  Knowlton, 
1860^,  De  Hart,  1868— 

North-Hempstead,  1816.  (Success,  1731.)  (Van  Basten,  1739-40.)  Goet- 
schius, J.  H.  1741-8,  Romeyn,  Thos.  1754-60,  Boelen,  1766-72,  Froeligh, 
S.  1775-6,  Van  Nest,  R.  1785-97,  Kuypers,  Z.  H.  179^1824,  Bogert,  D. 
S.  1813-26,  Heermance,  Henry,  1826-7,  Otterson,  1828-34,  Robb,  1835- 
7,  Gordon,  1838-43,  Sheffield,  1843-6,  Schoonmaker,  R.  L.  1847-52, 
Demarest,  Jas.  (Sr.)  1853-9,  Boice,  1859— 

North-Hoboken,  18 

North-Holland,  Mich.  1852,  revived,  1856.  (Noord-Holland.)  Oggel,  E. 
0.  1866— 


THE   CHUKCUES.  313 

North-Marbletown,  see  Marbletown  2il. 

NouTiuMHKiu.AN-D,  18.  .  . .  Miiir,  18-29-31,  May,  1835-8,  Wyckoff,  C.  1838 
-41,  Slaiison,  184:-l-52,  Van  Wyclc,  P.  1854-7,  McCartney,  1857-ii3, 
Markle,  1804-5,  Kellogg,  1807 — 

NvACK,  1838.  Brett,  P.  M.  1838-42,  llaganian,  C.  S.  1843-52,  Van  Zandt, 
B.  1852-5,  Lord,  I).  185G-G0,  Marvin,  1860— 

Oak  Hill,  17.  ..     Labagh,  P.  1798-1809,  Van  Zandt,  P.  1823,  Ostrandcr, 

5.  1824-31. 

Old  Stissing,  (Ger.)  17  . . . 

Olive,  now  Shokan. 

OxiSQUETHAW,  1839.  Existed  previously  as  Presbyt.  Van  Santvoord,  S. 
1839-04,  Millspaugh,  1800— 

OosTBCRO,  "Wis.  1854.     Yander  Scheur,  1856-00,  Karsten,  1807 — 

Oppenheim,  18. . .     De  Yoe,  1811-10. 

Oppenheini  2d,  1822.     Vanderveer,  John,  Miss,  to,  1823. 

Osquak,  (Asquach,)  18  . . .     Morris,  J.  Miss,  to,  1829. 

Osquack,  Secession,  (Asquach,)  1823.     Goetschius,  S.  Z.  1823-4. 

OvERYSSEL,  Mich.  1851.     Organization  came  from  Holland.     Bolks,  1851-3, 
.  Nykerk,  1858— 

Ovid,  1808.  Brokaw,  Ab.  1808-22,  Vanderveer,  F.  H.  Miss,  to,  1823,  Van- 
derveer, J.  Miss,  to,  1823,  Van  Vechten,  S.  Miss,  to,  1823-4,  Moiris,  J. 
1824-8.     See  Lodi. 

Ovid,  Secession,  1822.     McNeil,  183  . . 

OwASCO,  17  . . .  Brokaw,  Ab.  179  . .  -1808,  Brinkerhoff,  G.  G.  1809-12, 
Ten  Eyck,  C.  1812-27,  Hammond,  J.  1831-9,  Evan.^  Win.  1839^0, 
Dutcher,  1846-50,  Raymond,  1851-3,  Ingalls,  1853-04,  Pceke,  A.  P. 
1865— 

Oicasco,  Secession,  1823.     McNeil,  1823-3. .,  Johnson,  Wm.  1838—? 

OwASCO  Outlet,  (Sand  Beach,)  1812.  Ten  Eyck,  C;  1812-27,  Westfall, 
1827-8,  Dunlap,  Miss,  to,  1828-9,  Heermance,  Henry,  March-Nov.  1829, 
Tarbell,  1830-2,  Rogers,  L.  1833-4,  Kirkwood,  1830-7,  Moule,  1839-41, 
Knight,  R.  "W.  1842-4,  Winfield,  1844^50,  Brown,  S.  R.  1851-9,  Gar- 
retson,  J.  1801-4,  Schenck,  J.  V.  N.  1805-7,  Brown,  S.  R.  (S.S.)  1867— 

Oyster  Bay,  (Wolver  Hollow,)  1732.  (Van  Basten,  1739-40,)  Goetschius, 
J.  H.  1741-8,  Romeyn,  T.  1754-60,  Boelen,  1760-80,  Froeligh,  S.  1775- 

6,  Van  Nest,  R.  1785-97,  Kuypers,  Z.  H.  1794-1824,  Bogart,  D.  S.  1813 
-20,  Heermance,  Henry,  1820-7,  OUcrson,  1827-34,  Qiiinn,  1835-41, 
Gregory,  T.  B.  1841^,  Oakey,  1844-7,  Smith,  N.  E.    1847-53,  NcNair, 


314  THE    CHUKCHES, 

1853-5,    De  Baun,    1855-8,   Lowe,    J.  C.  1859-63,   Searle,  J.   1863-0, 

Smock,  1866 — 
Paghkatglikan,  1800.     (Middletown,  Delaware  Co.  N.Y.) 
Paiston  Kill,  1793. 
Palarnanair,  see  India. 
Palatine,  1825.     Van  Olinda,  1825-30,  Van  Cleef,  C.  (colleague)  1826. 

Palisades,    1800.     Vermilye,   D.  Miss,  to,  1806-8,  See,  I.  M.  Miss,  to, 

1808— 
Panna,  now  Ponds. 

Paramus,  1725.  Erickson,  1725-8,  Mancius,  1730-1,  supplied  by  Curtenius 
and  Van  Driessen,  J.  1731-48,  Vanderlinde,  1748-89,  Kuypers,  G.  A. 
1788-9,  Blauvelt,  I.  1790-1,  Kuypers,  W.  P.  1793-6,  Eltinge,W.  1799- 
1850,  Winfield,  1851-0,  Corwin,  1857-03,  De  Mund,  1804— 

Paramus^  Secession,  1823.  Brinkerhoof,  J.  G.  1828^4,  Van  Houten, 
1858-62. 

Pasaick,  N.  Y.  17.. 

Pascack,  1814.  Goetschius,  S.  1814-35,  Manley,  1834-53,  Demarest,  J. 
T.  1854-67,  Bartholf,  1808— 

Passaic  2d,  N.J.  1808. 

Paterson,  (Main  St.)  (corporate  name,  Totowa  1st,)  1775.  Marinus,  1750- 
73,  (Blauw,  Conferentie,  1762-8,)  Meyer,  H.  1772-91,  Schoonmaker,  H. 
1799-1816,  Eltinge,  W.  1816-33.  Vandervoort,  1834-7,  Wiggins,  1837- 
50,  Peltz,  1857-60,  McKelvey,  A.  1800-5,  Steele,  J.  1805— 

Paterson,  (Water  St.)  (corporate  name,  Totowa  2d,)  1827.  Field,  J.  T. 
1828-32,  Cole,  J.  1833,  Liddell,  1834-8,  Duryea,  John  H.  1839— 

Paterson,  Secession,  independent,  1828.     Amerman,  1843-55. 

Patersox,  (Hoi.  1st.  Clinton  St.)  1856.  Huyssoon,  1804-5,  Bahler,  P.  B. 
1800-8,  Huyssoon,  1808— 

Paterson,  Broadway,  1804.     Halloway,  W.  W.  (Sr.)  1805- 

Paterson,  (Hoi.  2d,  Main  St.)  1800.     Bechtliold,  1806-8,  Kasse,  1868. 

Paterson  Sixth,  1800.     Rutte,  1867— 

Pawagtenog,  apparently  the  same  as  New-Pal tz  2d.     In  1778,  Rynier  Van 
Nest  was  minister  there  in  connection  with  Shawangunk.     Mins.  of  old 
Classis  of  Kingston. 
Peapack,  1848.     Anderson,  W.  1849-56,  Thompson,  H.  P.  1857— 

Pcekskill,  17..  At  first  Congregational.  In  1834  merged  in  the  church 
of  Courtlandtown.     Manley,  W.  1800-6.     See  Courtlandtown. 

Peekskill,  1850.     Buck,  1850— 


THE   CHURCnKS.  316 


Pcerpack,  ITGI  ;  probably  an  error  for  Dccrpark. 

Pekiv   111.  1843.     Williamson,  1843-9,  Westfall,  1849-5G,  Lloyd,  1857-CO, 

Williamson,  N.  D.  (S.S.)  1861-2,  Gulick,  U.D.  1862- 
Pella  1st,  Iowa,  1850.     Oggel,  P.  1860-3,  Winter,  1806- 
Pella  2d,  1863.     Thompson,  A.  Miss,  to,  1802-8,  pastor,  1808- 
Persippany,  or  Boonton,  now  Montvillc. 

fPhiladelphia,  (Gcr.)  1V2G.     Weiss,  1726-0,  Bochm,  J.  1729^7,  Schlatter, 
1740-55,  (Rubel,  1751-5,)  Kails,  1750-7,  Stciner,  1757-62,  Rothenberg- 
ler    1703-5'  Weyber-    1703-90,  WincUhaus,  1790-3,  llcndel,  1  (94-8, 
Ilelffensttin,  S.  1800-31,  Sprolo,  1832-7,  Berg,  J.  F.  1837-52,  when  pas- 
tor and  people  changed  their  church  relations  by  uniting  with  the  Ket. 
Dutch  Ch.  and  became  the  Second  Kef.  Dutch.     (See  Philadelphia  2d, 
No.  8.)  ] 
PniLADELPniA,  (Evang.  Rcf.;  first  in  Crown  St.,  afterward  cor.  Spring  Gar- 
den and  Seventh,)  1813.     This  church  consisted  of  the  English-speaking 
portion  of  the  old  Ger.  Ref.     They  first  separated  in  1800,  and  united 
witli  the  R.D.C.  in  1813.     (Eastburn,  Jos.  1800-8,  Burch,  Jas.  K.  (S.b.) 
1809-13.)    Brodhead,     1813-20,   Livingston,   G.   R.   1820-34,    Bethune, 
1834-0,  Hardenbergh,  J.  B.  1880-40,  Van  Arsdale,  C.  C.  1841-9,  Wil- 
letts,  A.  A.  1849-00,  Suydam,  1802-9,  Orr,  Thos.  1809— 
Philadelphia  2d,  (in  Ranstead  Court,)  1818.     Now  the  Seventh  Presbyte- 
"       rian      In  1817  the  old  Ger.  element  was  driven  out  of  the  original  Ger. 
Ch.  and  they  organized  a  new  Ger.  Ch.  (the  2d,)  in  John  St.,  and  the 
original  Ger.  Ch.  became  BngW^h.- Berg's  sermon  p.  21,  22.  Parker,  D. 
1818-20. 
Philadelphia  2d,  (Eighth  St.)  1817.     Hoff,  1818-24,  Sears,  1825-33,  Babbit, 

1834-5,  Gosman,  1835-G,  disbanded. 
PniLADELPiiiA,  (Manayunk,)  1829.     Van  Cleef,  C.  Miss,  to,  1820-8,  Robert- 
son   Mi^s    to    1828,  Kirkwood,  Miss,  to,  1828-9,  Bumstead,  1830-41, 
Qui'nn,  1842-7,  Little,  1848-50,  Gates,  1851-4,  Fulton,  1855-March '05  ; 
again,  Nov.  1805-9. 
PniLAHELPiiiA  2d,  1852,  formerly  Ger.  Ref.  (Seventh  St.)  Berg,  J.  F.  1852- 

01,  Talmage,  T.  D.  W.  1802-9. 
Philadelphia,  (Roxborough,)  1836.     Bumstead,  1838-54,  (Presbyt.) 
Philadelphia   3d,    1837.     (Tenth   and   Filbert    St.)   Bethune,    1837-40, 
-      Livingston,  H.  G.  1849-55,  Taylor,  W.  J.  R.  1854-62,  Wortman,  1863-5, 
Schenck,  J.  W.  1866-8,  Wadsworth,  Chas.  1809— 
Philadelphia  4th,  1802.     Graram,  1802-7. 
Philadelphia,  (Bethune  Ch.)  1808.     Talmage,  P.  S.  1868— 
Philadelphia  Sth,  (Kensington,)  1868.     Meerwein,  1868— 


316  THE    CHCRCHES. 

Philipsburgh,  no^  Tarrytown,  Courtlandtown,  etc. 

PiERiiONT,  1S38.  Cri?pell,  1842-7,  Lord,  D.  1847-50,  Berry,  J.  R.  1850-1, 
West,  1852-5,  Jewett,  1857-9,  Decker,  1860-5,  Todd,  A.  18G5— 

Piermont  2d,  1851.     Tan  Doren,  W.  H.  1852-3. 

Piffardinia,  1847.     Compton,  1850-1. 

PiTTSFORD,  Mich.  18  . .  Yermilye  D.  18G3-6. 

Pittstown,  1700.     Froeligh,  P.  D.  1802-7. 

Plai.nfield,  Central,  1863.     Siinonson,  1864 — 

Plaixfield  (Ger.)  1858.  Xeef,  (S.S.)  1858-60,  pastor,  1860-4,  TTolf, 
1865-6. 

Plattekill,  Ulster  Co.  X.  Y.  1833.  (An  out-station  of  Flatbush,  from  1804.) 
Oyerbagh,  183^^8,  Brodhead,  1837-41,  Schenck,  M.  L.  1840-53,  Chap- 
man, 1854-64,  Cole,  S.  T.  186^8. 

Pleasant  Plains,  X.Y.  1816.  TYjnkoop,  P.  S.  1817-22,  in  1823  ch.  became 
Presbyt. 

Polkton,  Mich.  1834. 

PoLKTOs,  1858.     Yander  Meulen,  J.  C.  1863-4,  Huyssoon,  1866-8. 

Pompton,  now  Pompton  Plains. 

PoMPTOx,  1815.  Field,  1816-27,  Shimeall,  Oct.  1828-May,  1829,  DeMund, 
1830-9,  Doolittle,  H.  1840-52,  Gaston,  1852-62,  Janscn,  John,  1803— 

Pompton-  Plains,  1736.  There  was  preaching  here  as  early  1713,  it  being 
an  out-station  of  Ponds  church.  In  1762  the  Coetus  party  built  on 
present  site,  and  in  1771,  the  two  parties  were  united.  (Beitholf,  G.  (S.S.) 
1713-24,  Coens,  1725-30,  Yan  Driessen,  J.  173-5^8,  Marinus,  1752-73, 
(Blauw,  Conferentie,  1762-8)  Meyer,  H.  1772-91,  Ostrander,  S.  1793- 
1809,  Field,  1813-15,  Xeal,  1817-28,  Messier,  1829-32,  Tulmage,  J.  Pv. 
1833-6,  Schanck,  G.  C.  1837-53,  Shepard,  1853-8,  Harris,  1858-67, 
Schenck,  J.  Y.  X.  1867— 

PosDS,  (Panna.)  1710.  Bertholf,  G.  (S.S.)  1710-24,  Coens,  172-5-35,  Yan 
Driessen  J.  (S.S.)  1735-48,  Yanderlinde,  1748-88,  Leydt,  P.  1789-93, 
DeWitt,  P.  1798-1809,  Demarest,  John,  1812-20,  Kuypers,  Z.  H.  1825- 
41.  Thompson,  W.  J.  1842-5,  Collins,  B.  Y.  1845-67. 

Pooster-Kill,  Secession,  1824.   Lansing,  J.  Y.  S.  182J^6,  Bellenger,  1829-18 . . 

Porter,  Mich.  1859.     Bailey,  1859-63,  Beardsley,  (S.S.)  1864— 

Port  Jacksox,  1850.  Roof,  1850-5,  Gates,  1856-7,  Duryea,  L  G.  1859-62, 
Yoorhees,  H.  M.  1863-5,  Quick,  A.  M.  1866 — 

Port  TYashington,  (station,)  Smith,  X.  E.  Miss,  to,  1845-7. 

Pottersdam,  now  Rockaway,  or  Whitehouse. 


TIIK    CIURCIIKS.  317 

Potters vii.LE,  18G5.     Jones,  T.  "W.  18G7 — 

Pottsville,  Pa.  (station,)  1830.  Dumont,  Miss,  to,  1820,  Talmagc,  J.  R. 
Miss,  to,  1829-31. 

PoriiiiKErrsiE,  1710.  Van  Dricsscn,  J.  supplied  occasionally,  1727-33, 
again,  1751,  Van  Scliic,  1731-8,  Meincnia,  1745-55,  or58.  Van  Nist,  1758- 
Cl,  Schoonniaker,  II.  17G3-74,  Rysdyck,  17G5-72,  {See  M.  G.  S.  i.  31, 
etc.)  Van  Voorhees,  S.  1773-6,  (Froeligli,  S.  1776-80,  Livingston,  J.  H. 
1781-3,)  Gray,  A.  1790-3,  Brower,  1794-7,  Ciiyler,  C.  C.  1808-33,  Van 
Vranken,  S.  A.  1834-7,  Mann,  1837-57,  McEckron,  1858-66,  Van  Gieson, 
18G7— 

PoccnKEErsiE  2d,  1848.     Whitcheati,  1850-2,  Ilagaman,  C.  S.  1852— 

Praiiicville,  1842. 

Pu.VTTSVii.LE,  (Windham,)  1814.  Paige,  1814-30,  Stimpson,  1830-3,  Van 
Dyck,  II.  1833-5,  Gregory,  T.  B.  183G-41,  Depuy,  1841-G,  "WyckofT,  A. 
V.  184G-51,  Hammond,  E.  S.  1852-4,  Johns,  1855-9,  Gilbert,  18G1-G, 
Dusenbcrre,  18GG — 

Peakness,  1801.  (Supplied  by  DeWitt,  P.,  Demarest,  John  Field,  and 
Neal,  1801-24,)  Kuypers,  Z.  II.  1825-41,  Staats,  1843-61,  Durand, 
1862-8,  Cole,  S.  T.  1868— 

PmxcETOWN,  N.Y.  1822.     Whiting,  18.  .-22,  Dewing,  Miss,  to,  1822,  Van 

Vechten,  S.  Miss,  to,  1822-3,  Blair  Miss,  to,  1824,  Hardenbergh,  J.  B. 

■      1824-5,  Blair,    1825-7,  Bogardus,    N.    (S.S.)    1828?   Lockwood,  L.  R*. 

1833-J,  Ingalls,  (S.  S.)  1838-9,  Davies,  184-3-7,  Rosencrantz,  J.  1849-50, 

Hall,  D.  B.  (S.S.)  1850-63,  Ricketts,  (S.S.)  1863-5,  pastor,  1805— 

PfLTNEYviLLE,  1S51.  Moriis,  J.  Miss.  to,  1824-5,  Kasse,  1852-61,  Veen- 
huizen,  1862— 

QcEEXS,  1858.     Hammond,  J.  W.  1859-63,  Wyckoff,  Ja.s.  1864 — 

Queens  Co.  L.I.  A  general  name  embracing  the  collegiate  charges  of 
Jamaica,  Oyster  Baj',  Success,  and  Newtown,  and  sometimes  Gravescnd. 

Quincy,  111.  1858.     Conrad,  Miss,  to,  1858-9. 

Ramapo,  1785.  Leydt,  P.  1789-93,  Brinkerhoff,  G.  <G,  1793-(1807)?  Dem 
arest,  J.  D,  1808-24,  Wynkoop,  Jef.  1825-36,  Allen  P.  1837-53,  Van 
Doren,  W.  T.  1853-7,  Demarest,  W.  1858— 

Bamapo,  -'Secession,  1824.    Demarest,  J.  D.  1824r-58,  De  Baun,  J.  T.  1856-CO, 

Raritan,  (Somcrvillc,)  1669,  Supplied  by  Bertholf,  G,  occasionally,  1699- 
1720,  Frelinghuysen,  T,  J.  1720-48,  Frelingliuysen,  J.  1750-4,  (Arnndens, 
C'or.fcrintie,  1747-54,)  Hardenbergh,  J.  R.  1758-81,  Romeyn,  T.  F.  1784 
-5,  Duryea,  John,  1785-99,  Vredenburgh,  1800-21,  Van  Kleek,  1826-31, 
Messier,  1832 — 


318  THE    CHURCHES. 

Rahitan  2d,  1834.  Whitehead,  1835-9,  Chambers,  1840-9,  Craven,  1850-4, 
Mesick,  1855 — 

Rakitan  3d,  1848.  Stryker,  P.  1848-51,  Cornell,  J.  A.  H.  1851-6,  Le 
Ferre,  1857 — 

Rakitan,  111.  (Honey  Creek,)  1856.  Eltinge,  C.  D.  1856-61,  Bumstead, 
1862— 

Readington,  (North-Branch,)  1719.  At  North-Branch  till  1738,  when  re- 
moved to  Rcadington.  Frelinghuj'sen,  T.  J.  1720-48,  Frelinghuysen, 
J.  1750^,  Hardenbergh,  1758-81,  Lydekker,  Gonferentie,  supplied, 
1767,  Van  Arsdale,  S.  1783-7,  Studdiford,  P.  1787-1826,  Van  Liew,  J. 
1828— 

Redford,  1858.     Michael,  Dan.  Miss,  to,  1836-47. 

Red  Hook,  same  as  Upper  Red  Hook. 

Red  Hook  Landing,  1766.  Supplied  by  Fryenmoet,  1766,  by  Kuypers,  W. 
1769-71,  by  Romeyn,  D.  1773-4,  by  De  Ronde,  1780 ;  De  Witt,  P.  1788 
-9,  Romeyn,  J.  1794-1806,  Kittle,  1807-15,  Rudy,  (S.S.)  1825-35. 

Remsenbush,  now  Florida. 

Rem  Snyder's  Bush,  1824.     Ketchum,  Miss,  to,  1823. 

Rensselaer,  1848.    McCartney,  1849-57,  Bevier,  1860-3,  Raymond,  1864— 

Rensselacrwyck,  now  Albany — 

Rexfordville,  see  Amity. 

RiiiNEBECK,  (Rhincbeck  Flats,)  1731.  Vas,  1732,  Weiss  1742-5,  Van  Hovcn- 
bergh,  1756-64,  Kuypers,  AYarnoldu*,  1769-71,  Van  Voorhees,  1776-84, 
De  Witt,  P.  1787-98,  Romeyn,  J.  B.  1799-1803,  Brodhead,  1804-9,  Mc- 
Murray,  1812-20,  Parker,  D.  1820-6,  Labagh,  A.  T.  (evangelist,)  1826-7, 
Bethime,  1827-30,  Hardenbergh,  J.  B.  1830-6,  Lillie,  1837-..,  Hoff, 
1842-51,  Strvker,  P.  1851-6,  Miller,  W.  A.  1856-9,  Timlow,  1860-6,  Tal- 
mage,  G.  1867 — 

Rhinebeck,  (Ger.)  17...Rubel,  1755-9,  Cock,  1763-84,  De  Witt,  P.  1787 
-98. 

Richmond,  (seeStaten  Island.)  1808.  Van  Pelt,  1808-85,Bro\vn]ee,Jas.  1835 
-53,  Peek,  T.  R.  G.  1854-60,  White,  E.  N.  1859-62,  Fchrman,  1862-6, 
Sinclair,  1866 — 

Ridgeway,  Mich.  1842.  De  Witt,  J.  1842^,  Minor,  1845-8,  Taylor,  A.  B. 
1849-52,  Kershow,  1853-5,  Beidler,  1855-6.     See  South-Macon. 

Rochester,  (CI.  Kingston,)  1736.  Frelinghuysen,  Jac.  called  1753,  but 
died,  Frelinghuysen,  H.  1756-7,  Romeyn,  D.  1766-75,  Van  Home,  A. 
1789-95,  Mandeville,  G.  1798-1802,  Westervelt,  R.  1802-8,  Murphy, 
1814-25,  Morse,  B.  V.  Miss,  to,  1828,  Westfall,  B.  B.  1828-38,  Mesick, 
1838-40,  Wyckoff,  C.  1841-65,  Strong,  W.  1865— 


THE    CHURCHES. 


319 


RociiESTEK,  (CI.  Geneva,)  1S52.    Wust,  185G-64,  Kriekaard,  lSGG-8,  Biihlcr, 

P.  18GS— 
Rockaway,  see  Lebanon. 

RocKAWAY,  (Potterstown,)  in  Whltchousc,  1Y03.     Duryea,  J.  1799-1801, 
Dcmarest,  C.  T.  1808-13,  Schultz,    181G-34,  Williamson,   P.  S.  1835-9, 
Ottorson,  1840-5,  Talmage,   G.  18-15-51,  Comfort,   1852-4,  Lloyd,  1855 
-6,  Sturgcs,  1857-G3,  Van  Slykc,  E.  ISGo-T,  Bailey,  W.  1868— 
Rocky  IIiix,  1857.     Schcnck,  M.  S.  1857-G5,  Gcsner,  18G5— 
Rome,  same  as  Wurtsboro'  or  Mamakating. 
Root,  now  Currytown. 

RosEXDALE,  1843.    McFarland,  1844-5,  Strong,  T.  C.  1845-9,  Eckel,  1850-3, 

Lenle,  1S55-G3,  Beardslej-,  18G3,  Bevier,  1804^7,  Liebenau,  (S.S.)  1807— 

Rotterdam,    (Schenectady  2d,)  1814.      Van  Zandt,  P.  1818-22,  Scarlc,  J. 

1823-7,  Boyd,  Josh.  1828-36,  Mead,  1844-9,  Jukes,  185G-G2,  Lowe,  J. 

1SG3— 

Rotterdam  2d,  1823.     Searlc,  J.  1823-7,  Boyd,  Josh.  1828-40,  Nott,  1841 

-54,  Spaulding,  185G-60,  Schoonmakcr,  R.  L.  18C1— 
Roxborough,  in  Philadelphia. 

RoxBUKY,  1802,  records  begin.    (Formerly  Beaverdam,  Delaware  Co.  N.Y.) 
Or-arization,  1825.    Boyd,  Josh.  Miss,  to,  182G-7,  Knight,  R.  W.  1838-41, 
IliUman,    1843-5,  Evans,   C.   A.   1849-50,  Turner,  1850-G2,  Rhinehart, 
1862— 
Sacondaga,  17. ., 

Saddle  River,  1784,  till  1789,  one  consistory  with  Paramus.  Vanderlinde, 
1784-9,   Kuypers,  G.   A.   1788-9,   Blauvelt,   1790-1,  Kuypcrs,   W.    P. 
1793-6^  Eltinge,  W.  1799-1811,  Goetschius,  1814-35,  Manley,  J.  1834 
-GG,  Meyers,  A.  n.-18G6— 
Sagertisses,  now  Saugerties. 
Salem,  now  New-Salcm. 
Salisbury,  1822.    Ketchum,  1822-3. 

Salt  River,  Mercer  Co.  Ky.  1796.    Labagh,  P.  Miss,  to,  1796-7,  Kyle,  1804- 
-16.     In  1817,  CI.  New-Brunswick  recommended  it  to  become  Presby- 
terian. 
Samsonvii.le,1851.   Taylor,  W.  1851-2,  Harlow,  1852-8,  Markle,  1858-61, 

Deyo,  1868- 
Sand  Beach,  now  Owasco  Outlet. 
Sandusky  City,  1855.     Kuss,  1855-6. 
Saratoga,  (Schuylerville,)  17S8  ?  Smith,  S.   1789-1800,   Duryea,   P.  II. 


320  THE    CHURCHES. 

1802-28  (?)  Boyd,   H.  M.   1830-3,  May,   183G-9,   Jones,  D.  A.  1839-44, 
Chester,  1844-9,  Scarle,  S.  T.  1850-7,  Merrill,    1858-61,  Lansing,  A.  G. 
1802— 
Sattambady,  see  India. 

Saugerties  Village,  (Sagertisses.)  1839.  (Name  in  Classical  Records,  1839, 
is  Caatsban,  while  what  is  properly  called  the  church  of  Caatsban  is  on 
Classical  Records,  1813,  seq.  called  Saugerties.)  Ostrander,  H.  1839-40, 
Van  Santvoord,  C.  S.  1840-54,  Elmendorf,  J.  1855-62,  Gaston,  18G2— 

Sayville,  1866.     Jongeneel,  1866— 

ScHAGHTicoKE,  1707.  Supplied  by  Frelinghuysen,  T.  quarterly,  1745-59,  by 
Westerlo,  1760-73  ;  Van  Bunschooten,  E.  1773-85,  De  Ronde,  supplied, 
1776-84,  pastor,  1784-95,  Paige,  1793-1807,  Ostrander,  S.  1810-21, 
Switz,  1823-9,  Marcellus,  1831-4,  Boyd,  H.  M.  1835-41,  Ackerson,  1842- 
4,  Meyers,  A.  H.  (S.S.)  1844-8,  Fonda,  J.  D.  1848-56,  Van  Brunt,  (S.S.) 
1857-61,  White,  G.  1864— 

ScnENECTADY,  1670-80.  (Mag.  E.  D.  C.  ii.  328.)  Tasschemaker,  1684-90, 
supplied  by  Dellius,  1690-9,  Freeman,  1700-5,  supplied  by  Lydius,  1705- 
9,  (Barclay,  Episcop.  1710,  etc.)  Brower,  T.  1715-28,  Erickson,  1728-36, 
Van  Santvoord,  C.  1742-52,  Vrooman,  1754-84,  Romeyn,  D.  1784-1804, 
Sickles,  (colleague,)  1794-7,  Meyers,  J.  H.  180-3-6,  Bogardus,  C.  1808- 
11,  VanVechten,  1815-49,  Taylor,  W.  J.  R.  1849-52,  Seelye,  J.  H.  1854- 
8,  Seelye,  E.  E.  1858-64,  Wortman,  1865— 

Schenectady  2d,  now  Rotterdam. 

Schenectady  1st,  of  the  Fourth  Ward,  now  Glenville. 

ScnENECTADY  2d,  1851.  Duryea,  I.  G.  1852-8,  (Dean,  1858-61,)  Van  Sant- 
voord, C.  S.  (S.S.)  1860-1,  Du  Bois,  A.  1862— 

ScnENECTADY  3d,  (Gct.)  1854.     Schwilk,  1856-68. 

ScnoDACK,  17. ..  Fryenmoet,  1770-8,  Romeyn,  J.  V.  C.  1788-94,  Bork,  1789- 
1803,  Fonda,  Jesse,  1809-13,  Van  Buren,  P.  1816-19,  Johnson,  I.  Y. 
1821-4,  Bennet,  1825-7,  Van  Santvoord,  S.  1829-34,  Gray,  J.  1835-46, 
Baily,  1847-55,  Snyder,  1856— 

ScnoDACK  Landing,  1858.  Was  united  with  the  Ch.  of  Schodack,  1858- 
66.     Kip,  L  L.  1867— 

ScnoHARiE,  1720-30.  (Hagar,  in  this  region,  1711.)  Ehle,  1720-17.., 
Erickson,  1730-1,  Weiss,  1731-6,  Schuyler,  1736-55,  Goetschius,  J.  M. 
1757-60,  Rosenkrantz,  A.  1760-5,  Schuyler,  1766-79,  (Van  Nest,  R. 
1780-5,)?  Schneyder,  1785-8,  Broeffle,  1788-(98)?  (Van  Nest,  R.  1797- 
1802,)?  SchoefFer,  (1798)?-1819,  Weidman,  1820-36,  Scribner,  1836-9, 
Robertson,  1839-42,  Wells,  R.  1844-57,  Cri.spel],  1857-63,  Cobb,  S.  IL 
1864— 

Schoharie  Kill,  (Conesville,)  1800?     Schermerhorn,  C.  D.  1802-30. 


TIIR   CHURCHES.  321 

Scboliarie,  Mt.  181..  Quaw,  1834-G,  Scrlbner,  (S.S.)  1847-8.  Veddcr,  E. 
1855-G3. 

Schotcau,  17. ., 

Schraalcnburgh,  1724.  Erickson,  1725-8,  Mancius,  1730-2,  Curtenius, 
1737-55,  Goetscbius,  J.  II.  1748-74,  Romejn,  D.  1775-84,  Froeligb,  S. 

1786-1822,  seceded. 

Schraalenhurgh,  Secession,  1822.  Froeligb,  S.  1822-7,  Blauvelt,  C.  J.  1828- 
52,  Hammond,  E.  S.  1858-62,  Van  Iloutcn,  1862-6. 

ScniJAALENBCRGn  2d,  1756.  Scbuylcr,  1756-66,  Blanw,  1768-71,  Kuypers, 
W.  1771-97,  Romeyn,  J.  V.  C.  1799-1833,  Cole,  I.  1829-32,  Garrctson, 
J.  1833-6,  Osborne,  1837-41,  Blauvelt,  C.  J.  1842-58,  Gordon,  1858— 

Scbuylcr,  (station,)  Herkimer  Co.  N.Y.     Snyder,  H.  Miss,  to,  1829-30. 

Scbuylcrvillc,  now  Saratoga. 

Second  River,  novr  Belleville. 

Shandakex,  1854.  Hammond,  .1.  W.  1854-6,  Betts,  1856-61,  Peek,  A.  P. 
1862-5,  Brush,  A.  II.  lSOo-7,  Ilaramoud,  J.  W.  1807— 

Sbannick,  seeNe-Shanic. 

SoAKOx,  1800.     Labagb,  I.  1800-14,  (Graj^  1804-10)  ?  Jones,  N.  1816  20, 
Raymond,  1829-32,  Bassler,  1833-7,  Frazee,  1838-40,  Chittenden,  1841 
5,  Bogardus,  N.  1846-8,  Eckel,  1849-50,  Julien,  1852-3,  Jones,  N.  W.  (S. 
S.)  1855-6,  Raymond,  1856-G4,  Van  Woert,  1867— 

Sharon,  Secede?',  (Independent,)  1827.     Bellenger,  1829-.. — 

Shawangunk,  1737.  Scbunema,  1753-4,  Goetscbius,  J.  M.  1760-71,  Van 
Nest,  R.  1774-85,  Froeligb,  M.  1778-1813,  Polheraus,  H.  1813-16,  Wil- 
son, A.  D.  1816-29,  Mandeville,  H.  1829-31,  Bevier,  1831-43,  Alliger, 
1843-50,  Scott,  1851-66,  Spaulding,  1868— 

SnEBOYGAN  Falls,  "Wis.  18. .. 

Shokan,  (Ashokan,  Olive,)  1799.  Goetscbius,  1796-1814,  Carle,  1814-26, 
Boyse,  Miss,  to,  1827-9,  Roosa,  1828-34,  Amerman,  T.  A.  1835-8,  Harlow, 
1839-49,  Hammond,  J.  W.  1848-9,  Voorhees,  J.  N.  1849-51,  Hammond, 
J.  W.  1852-6,  Betts,  1856-61,  Peeke,  A.  P.  1862-5,  Brush,  A.  A.  1865- 
7,  Hammond,  J.  W.  1867- 

Siam,  See  India. 

Silver  Ckeek,  111.  (Ger.)  1851.     Zurcber,  (S.S.)  1853,  Wagner,  1856-01, 
Muller,  J.  1861— 

Sinthoick,  or  Sincock,  17. .,  afterward,  Stillwater. 

Six  Mile  Creek,  1827.     Mandeville,  G.  1828-31. 

Six  Mile  Run,  N.J.  (sec  Three  Mile  Run,)  1717,  (or  1710?)    Frclingbuy- 
21 


822  THE    CHURCHES. 

sen,  T.  J.  1720-47,  (Arondeus,  Con/erentie,  1747-54,)  Leydt,  J.  1748-83, 
Van  Harlingen,  1787-95,  Cannon,  1797-1826,  Eomeyn,  Jas.  1828-33, 
Sears,  1833— 

Smithfield,  1737.  Freyenmoet,  1741-56,  Eomeyn,  T.  1760-72,  Van  Bun- 
schooten,  E.  1785-1800;  became  Presbyterian. 

Snell's  Bush,  17. .,  now  Manheim. 

Somerville,  see  Raritan. 

Sourland,  now  Harlingen. 

South-Bend,  Ind.  1849.  McNeisb,  1849-52,  Beidler,  1853^,  Evans,  C.  A. 
1856-7,  Van  Doren,  W.  T.  1857-9,  Peeke,  G.  H.  1860-1. 

South-Bushwick,  see  Brookljm. 

SouTii-GiLBOA,  (see  Blenheim,)  1859.     Buckelew,  1859-64. 

South-Macon,  Mich.  1863.     (Formerly  Ridgeway.)     Skillman,  1863— 

South-West  Troy,  1844.  Wells,  R.  (S.S.)  1844,  WyckofF,  T.  F,  1845-54, 
Roof,  1855-64,  Wyckoflf,  Jac.  1865— 

Sparta,  (station.)     Stevenson,  Miss,  to,  1827-8. 

Spotswood,  1821.  Van  Hook,  Miss,  to,  1819-20,  McClure,  J.  1822-5,  Rice, 
II.  L.  1825-34,  Van  Liew,  J.  C.  1834-41,  Betts,  1842-5,  Knight,  W. 
1846-7,  Manning,  1847-54,  Vandewater,  1855-67,  Willis  (S.  S.)  1868— 

Spraker's  Basin,  1829,  Van  Olinda,  1830-1. 

Spraker's  Basin,  1858.  Wales,  1859-60,  Bogardus,  N.  1861-6,  Van 
Zandt,  B.  (S.S.)  1867— 

Spring  Garden,  see  Philadelphia  2d. 

Spring  Lake,  111.  1854.     Bumstead,  1856-62,  Gulick,  A.  V.  1865— 

Spring  Valley,  1865.     Brock,  1865-9. 

Squampamick,  1775.     Afterward  revived  in  the  Ch.  of  Ghent. 

Staatsburgh,  probably  an  error  for  Stoutsburgh,  or  vice  versa.  See  Hyde 
Park. 

Stanton,  (Mt.  Pleasant,)  1834.     Van  Arsdale,  J.  R.  1835-50,  Doolittle,  H. 

1852— 

Stapleton,  S.  I.  1851.  Thompson,  A.  R.  1851-8,  Skinner,  1859-67. 
Staten  Island, 
North  Side,  (Port  Richmond  or  Cityville,)  1690.  Supplied  by 
Bertholf,  1694-1724,  by  Freeman,  1705-41,  by  Antonides,  1705- 
44,  and  occasionally  by  Vas,  1710-18,  Van  Santvoord,  C.  1718- 
42,  (De  Wint,  1751-2,)  Jackson  W.  1757-89,  Stryker,  P.  1790-4, 
Kirby  1797-1801,  Van  Pelt,  1802-35,  Brownlee,  Jas.  1835— 


THE    CHURCHES.  323 

Fresh-Kills,  1005.  A  church  was  built  not  far  from  the  present  silo 
of  the  church  of  the  Huguenots,  for  the  French,  about  this  time; 
supplied   by  Drisius,   1005-82,   by  Bonrcpos,  David,  1083-1717, 

I    when  they  coalesced  with  the  Dutcli. 

South  Side,  1005.  (At  Stony  Brook.)  A  church  was  built  by  tlie 
Wuldenses  and  Huguenots,  and  they  were  supplied  by  Drisius, 
1GG5-S2,  by  Daille,  1083-8,  Vanden  Bosch  10.. -87.  Afterward 
the  site  of  the  church  was  transferred  to  Richmond.  (See  also 
Huguenots.) 

Richmond,  1717?  (Union  of  French,  Dutch,  and  English.)  Sup- 
plied, by  Bertholf,  1717-24,  by  Freeman,  1705-il,  by  Antoni- 
des,  1705-44,  by  Vas,  1710-18,  Van  Santvoord,  C.  1718-42,  (De 
Wint,  1751-2,)  Jackson,  W.  1757-76.  Burned  by  the  British. 
(See  Richmond.) 

St.  Caik,  M.G.S.  i.  20.     An  error,  for  Sinthoick. 

St.  Croix,  See  West-Indies. 

St.  John,  see  West-Indies. 

St.  Johns,  same  as  Upper  Red-IIook. 

St.  Johnstille,  1770.  (Ger.  Ref)  Dyslin,  1790-1815;  (R.D.C.  1812,) 
De  Voe,  1816-30,  Meyers,  A.  II.  1830-1,  Stryker,  H.  B.  1833-4,  Murphy, 
1834-7,  Meyers,  A.  II.  1837-44,  Knieskern,  1845— 

St.  Remy,  1804.  Garretson,  J.  (S.S.)  1805-6, 

St.  Thomas.    See  West-Indies. 

Stillwater,  Sussex  Co.  N.J.  17..  supplied  by  Wack,  C.  1782-1809,  aqd 
partly  by  Wack,  J.  J.  1798-1805,Van  Hook,  Miss,  to,  1822,  (Presbyterian.) 

Stillwater,  Saratoga  Co.  X.Y.  (Sinthoick,)  17..  Paige,  W.  1793-1807, 
Froeligh,  P.  D.  1802-7. 

Stirling,  1825.     De  Fraest,  1825-8. 

Stissick,  (Ger.)  1783  ?     See  New  and  Old  Stissing. ' 

Stone  Arabia,  1743.  Peck,  D.  C.  A.  1788-1800,  Labagh,  1. 1800-3,  Wack,. 
J.  J.  1805-10,  Morris,  J.  Miss,  to,  1827-9,  Ketchum,  1829  ?-30,  West- 
fall,  1838-43,  Jukes,  1844-50,  Van  L'ew,  J.  C.  1850-0,  Van  Dyck,  L.  H. 
1801-7,  Compton,  1808— 

Stone  Arabia,  (Ger.)  1801  ?  Wall,  (or  Wack,  J.  J.)  1803  ? 

Stone  Arabia,  Independent,  1810.     Wack,  J.  J.  1810-51. 

Stone  Arabia,  (Lansingburgh,)  1788  ? 

Stose  House  Plains,  1801.  Stryker,  P.  1801-9,  again,  1810-12,  Tarbell, 
1827-8,  Hillman,  1830-41,  •Hammond,  _E.  S.  1842^,;.Thomson,  1845-G^ 


324  THE   CHURCHES. 

'  Quinn,  1847-8,  Liddell,  1848-50,  Wiseman  (S.S.)  1851-2,  Talmage 
P.  S.  1854-65,  Statesir,  186G— 

Stoutcnbergh,  or  Stoutsburgh,  now  Hyde  Park.  See  also  Staatsburgb. 

Stuyvesant,  1827.  Garretson,  J.  Miss,  to,  1826-7,  Ileermancc,  Henrj^,  Miss, 
to,  1827-8,  Garretson  G.  I.  1832-4,  Kittle,  1835-46,  Ncvius,  1846— 

Stuyvesant  Falls,  1859.  Bates  18.  .-61,  Swick,  1861-4,  Kip,  I.  L.  1864-7, 
supplied  by  Bogardus,  1867-8. 

Success,  1730.  Disbanded,  1829,  the  church  of  North-Hempstead  taking 
its  place.     See  pastors  under  North-Hempstead. 

Summit,  (Eminence.)    1824.     See  W.E.G.  1833-9. 

Sun  Prairie,  1843.     Slingerland,  1844-G. 

Susquehannah,  17.  .     Conewago?  Manley  17.. -1800. 

■Swartstown,  1839. 

;Syracdse,  1848.  Cornell,  J.  A.  H.  1848-51,  Berry,  J.  R.  1851-7,  Talmage, 
T.D.\Y.  1859-62,  Elmendorf,  J.  1862-5,  Searle,  J.  1866-8,  Bergcr,  1869— 

•Syria.     Van  Dyck,  C.  V.  H.  1840-..  Berry,  P.  1861-5. 

Tagukanick,  (Livingston  Manor,)  1777.  Supplied  occasionally  by  Geb- 
bard,  1777-97,  by  Livingston,  J.  H.  1779-81,  by  Lansing,  N.  1781-4; 
Vedder,  Herman,  1803-50,  Murden,  1847-50,  Lyall,  Wm.  1851-65, 
Mills,  G.  A.  18G6— 

Tappan,  1694.  Supplied  by  Bertholf,  G.  1694-1724,  Mutzelius,  1726-49, 
Verbryck,  1750-84,  Lansing,  N.  1784-1835,  Cole,  L  1829-64,  Blauvelt, 
G.  M.  S.  1864— 

.Tappan,  Secession,  1825.     Lansing,  J.  V.  S.  1826.  _ 

Takrytown,  (Philipsburgh,)  1697.  Supplied  by  Bertholf,  G.  1697-1724 
by  Mutzelius,  1726-50,  by  Ritzema,  1744-76  ;  Van  Voorhees,  1785-8, 
Jackson,  J.  F.  1791-1806,  Smith,  T.  G.  1808-37,  Du  Bois,  Geo.  1838- 
44,  Wilson,  Jos.  1845-9,  Ferris,  J.  M.  1849-51,  (Schenck,  J.  W.  1849-51,) 
Stewart,  1852-66,  Thompson,  J.  B.  ISGG— 

Tarrytown  2d,  1851.     Ferris,  J.  M.  1851-4,  Todd,  J.  A.  1855 — 

Teashok,  now  Buskirk's  Bridge. 

Thousand  Tsles,  (in  St.  Lawrence  River,)  1851.  Davenport,  Miss,  to, 
1847-50,  Du  Bois,  A.  1850-4,  Rockwell,  Geo.  1854— 

Three  Mile  Run,  N.  J.  1700-3.  This  church  lasted  about  half  a  century, 
the  churches  of  New-Brunswick  and  Six  Mile  Run  meanwhile  taking 
its  place.  Supplied  by  Frelinghuysen,  T.  J.  1720-47,  (Arondeus,  Con- 
feientie,  1747-54,)  and  by  Frelinghuysen,  J.  1750-4. 

Thumansville,  now  Callicon. 


THE  cnuRCUES.  325 

Tillaborougli,  18C5.     Smith,  ^Y.  II.  (S.S.)  1867. 

Tiossiock,  now  Buskirk's  Bridge. 

Tompkinsvillc,  S.  I.  now  Brighton  Heights. 

Tompkinsville,  (Ger.)  18G0. 

Totowa,  see  Patcrson. 

Tottcnville,  S.  I.  1855. 

Trenton,  1841.     Wack,  C.  P.  18il-4. 

Tuscarora,  Pa.  station.     Gra\',  A.  1810-U,  Diimont,  Miss,  to,  1820-30. 

Tyashoke,  or  Tiossiock,  now  Buskirk's  Bridge. 

Two  RivEKs,  111.     Station.    Wilson,  C.  D.  Miss,  to,  1867— 

Tyre,  1839.  Gray,  W.  1839-46,  Compton,  1847-50,  Van  Arsdale,  J.  R. 
1850-64,  Whitbeck,  R.  M.  1864-8. 

Union,  1794,  (at  Tioga,  Broome  Co.  N.Y.  M.  G.  S.  i.  448.)  (Chenango.) 
Palmer,  S.  1808-18,  Van  Vechten,  S.  Miss,  to,  1823-4,  Vanderveer,  J. 
Miss,  to,  1823,  Van  Olinda,  Miss,  to,  1824,  Du  Mont,  Miss,  to,  1826. 

Union,  Albany  Co.  N.  Y.  1825.  Boice,  I.  C.  1826-0,  Fort,  1830-6,  West- 
fall,  1887-47,  Jones,  D.  A.  1848-50,  Murden,  1850-4,  Compton,  1854- 
60,  Giilick,  A.  V.  1860-4,  Ballagh,  W.  H.  1865-8. 

Union,  Secession,  (at  Amsterdam,)  1822.     Palmer,  1822-9. 

Union  Village,  (Washington  Co.)  1812.     Christie,  Jas.  1816-8,  Fonda,  J. 

D.  1820-35,  Van  Zandt,  B.  1836-42,  Morris,  H.  1843-8,  Marvin,  1848- 

55,    Van    Santvoord,  C.  1855-8,    Steele,  J.   1858-65,  Van   Home,    D. 

1868— 
Union  Village,  now  Nassau. 
Unionville,   1820.     Smith,  T.  G.   1820-37,  Moule,  1837-9,  Robb,  (S.S.) 

1839,  Moore,  W.  S.  1839-50,  See,  J.  L.  1850-4,  Moore,  W.  S.  1850-64, 

Bogardus,  W.  E.  1865-7,  Bertholf,  J.  II.  1807— 

Upper  Neveksink,  1849.  Bernart,  1851-6,  Jones,  D.  A.  1858-03,  Ham- 
mond, J.  W.  1803-7,  Turner,  W.  E.  (S.S.)  1867— 

Upper  Red  IIook,  (St.  Johns,)  1783.  De  Witt,  P.  1787-98,  Romeyn,  Jer. 
1794-1806,  Kittle,  1807-33,  Thompson,  F.  B.  1834-6,  Ilangen,  1836-40, 
Ward,  1S41-5,  Johnson,  J.  G.  1840— 

Upper  Schoharry,  (now  Middleburgh.) 

Utica,  1830.  Labagh,  J.  Miss,  to,  1827-31,  Bethune,  1831-4,  Mandeville, 
II.  1834-41,  Knox,  J.  P.  1841-4,  Wiley,  1840-50,  Fisher,  G.  II.  1855-9, 
Knox,  Chas.  E.  (S.S.)  1800-2,  Vermilyea,  A.  G.  1803— 

Vanderveer,  111.  1841.  Hillman,  1841-2,  Schultz,  J.  N.  1843-7,  Westfall, 
S.  V.  E.  1853,  Ayres,  1854-G. 


32G  THE    CHURCHES. 

Van  Vorst,  see  Jersey  City  2d. 

Veddersburgh,  1800.  Ten  Eyck,  C.  1803^.  In  1812  became  Pres- 
byterian. 

Vallambi,  see  India. 

Vellore,  see  India. 

Vkiesland,  Mich.  1851.  Organization  came  from  Holland.  Ypma,  1851- 
8,  Zweemer,  1858-G8. 

Walden,  1838.  Scribner,  J.  M.  1839-42,  Whitehead,  Chas.  1842-8,  Schoon- 
maker,  M.  V.  1849— 

Wallkill,  now  Montgomery. 

Walpack,  Lower,  1737.  Freyenmoet,  1741-56,  Komeyn,  T.  1760-72, 
Van  Bunschooten,  1785-99,  Force,  1808-25,  Demund,  1827-9,  Schanck, 
G.  C.  1833^,  Hyndshaw,  1836-9,  Pitts,  (S.S.)  1840-59,  McWilliam, 
1861— 

Walpack,  Upper,  1862.  (Dingman's  Ferry.)  Jones,  N.  W.  (S.S.)  1862- 
3,  Garretson,  G.  S.  1863— 

Warren,  now  Henderson. 

Warren,  N.  J.  (Ger.)  1855.  (Had  before  been  an  independent  Lutheran 
Church.)  Friedel,  1855,  Oerter,  1856-8,  Neef,  (S.S.)  1858-60,  pastor, 
18G0-4,  Wolf,  1865-6. 

Warren  Co.  N.  Y.  (stations.)     Stryker,  H.  B.  Miss,  to,  1822-8. 

Warwick,  1764.  (Presbyt.  Parkhurst,  and  John,  1764-1803.)  K.D.C. 
1803.  Hardenbergh,  C.  1804-8,  Cnristie,  J.  L  1812-35,  Van  Keuren, 
1836-7,  Stewart,  J.  W.  1838-42,  Vanderveer,  F.  H.  1842— 

Washington,  now  West-Troy. 

Washington,  111.  1847.     Schultz,  J.  N.  1849-51. 

Washington  Heights.     See  New-York. 

Waterford,  (Halfmoon,)  17..  .Lupton,  1788-9,  Close,  179  .-1804,  Dwight, 
1822-6,  Labagh,  I.  P.,  1827-30,  Schoonmaker,  E.  L.  1832-6,  Slinger- 
land,  1836-7,  Lockhead,  1838-9,  Whitbeck,  1841-3,  Dickson,  1849-52, 
Schoonmaker,  R.  L.  1852-6,  Van  Brunt,  1857-61. 

Waterloo,  1851.     Rockwell,  G.  1851-4,  Abell,  1856-7. 

Wawarsing,  (Wawassink,)  1745.  Supplied  by  Fryenmoet,  1745-51,  Fre- 
linghuysen,  J.  called,  1753,  but  died,  Frelinghuysen,  H.  1756-7,  Ro- 
meyn,  D.  1766-75,  Hardenbergh,  J.  R.  1782-6,  Van  Home,  Ab.  1789- 
95,  Mandeville,  G.  1798-1802,  Westervclt,  R.  1802-8,  Murphy,  1814-25, 
Hutton,  M.  S.  Mis«.  to,  1827-8,  Hoffman,  A.  Miss,  to,  1828-9,  Switz,  1829- 
35,   Duryea,  J.  H.  1837-9,  Ward,  J.  W.  1839-41,  Demarest,  Jas.  (Sr.) 


THE    CHURCHES. 


S27 


1842-8,  Quackenbush,  1849-61,  Lcnte,  1852-4,  Williamson,  N.  D.  1855- 
61,  Van  Vlcck,  John,  18G2-4,  Swick,  1SG4— 

Western  allotment  of  Kingsborough,  now  Johnstown. 

Westeklo,  (Baisic,  Chester,)  1793.  Toll,  1803-22,  Center,  Miss,  to,  1823, 
Tandervecr,  J.  Miss,  to,  1823,  Van  VeclUen,  S.  Miss,  to,  1823^,  Van 
Keurcn,  Miss,  to  1824,  Fort,  1822-31,  Wilson,  Jos.  1832-4,  Slingerland, 
1834-G,  Gosraan,  S.  S.  183G-8,  Chittenden,  1839-40,  Cornell,  J.  A.  IT., 
1841-3,   Ilobcrtston,  S.   1843-8,  Bogardus,  N.   1849-50,  Demarest,  W. 

'    1850^,  Dyer,  185G-G1,  Furbeck,  18G2-7. 

WEST-Funis  1839.  Supplied  by  Bourne,  1839-42,  Collins,  B.  V.  1842-5, 
Simonson,'l845-52,  Burghardt,  1852-5,  Van  AVyck,  P.  1857-67,  Van 
Slyke,  E.  18G7— 

Westfield,  now  Huguenots,  S.  I. 

West-Hurley,  1848.     Supplied  by  Gulick,  A.  1847-54,  pastor,   1854-9, 

Case,  1860-5,  Van  Doren,  D.  K.  1867— 
West-Camp,  or  Camp,  1710-20,  Hagar,  1711. 
West-Ind-cs,  Abeel,  D.  Miss,  to,  1828-9,  again  1836-7. 
St.  Croix,  17  .  .     Van  Vlierden,  P.  17.  .—92. 

St.  John,  17. .  Knevels Was  extinct  in  1828, 

St.  Thomas,  17. .  Labagh,  A.  I.  1827-42,  Brett,  P.  M.  1842-6,  Knox, 
J.  P.  1847-54,  Wyckoff,  T.  F.  1854-5. 
(These  churches  in  the  West-Indies  continued  under  the  care  of  the  Clas- 
sis  of  Amsterdam  after  the  Reformed  Churches  on  the  American  Continent 
became  independent.  In  1828,  when  Dr.  Knox  visited  the  islands,  he  found 
that  they  yet  possessed  large  funds  for  the  support  of  the  Gospel  and  the 
poor.  The  Church  of  St.  Tliomas  had  $50,000,  but  they  had  been  without 
a  pastor  since  1811.  The  Church  of  St.  John  was  also  in  ruins,  and  not  a 
communicant  known  to  remain,  though  there  were  funds  belonging  to  the 
church.) 
West-Leydex,  Lewis  Co.,  N.Y.  1856.     Boehrer,  1856-62,  Wagner,   (S.  S.) 

1862-3,  Schlieder,  1865— 
West  New-Hempstead,  (Kakiat,)  1773.    Marinus,  1773-8,  Leydt,  P.  1789- 
93  Brinkerhoff,  G.  G.  1793-180G,   Demarest,  J.  D.  1808-24,  Wynkoop, 
Je'f.  1825-36,  Allen,  P.  1837-62,  Brock,  J.  R.   1862-5,  Van  Neste,  G. 
1865— 
West-town,  17..  Van  Bunschooten.   E.  1792-9. 
West-Troy,  (Gibbonsville,)  1815.     Bronk,  1813-34,  Wood,  1835-6,    Mann 

(S.  S.)  1837,  Gregory,  0.  H.  1838— 
White  Hall,  111.,  1861.     Schenck,  M.  L.  1865  — 


328  THE    CIIUKCUES. 

White  House,  see  Rockaway. 

White  Plains,  18G5.     Hulbert,  1865— 

Wilksbarre,  1792. 

Wilton,  1823.    Van  Hook,  Miss,  to,  1825,  McKelvey,  John,  Miss,  to,  182T. 

Williamsburgh,  see  Brooklyn. 

WiLTVviCK,  18G3.     (Fort  supplied  the  station,  1854-60,)  Shaw,  1864— 

Windham,  now  Prattsville. 

Woestyne,  17.  ..     Now  Rotterdam. 

Wolcott,  now  Fair  Haven.  i 

Wolcott,  Secession,  1827. 

Wood  Haven,  1858. 

Woodstock,  1805.  Overbagh,  1806-17,  Boyse,  1826-37,  Bogardus,  N. 
1838-42,  Vandoren,  W.  T.  1843-5,  Gulick,  A.  1846-54,  James,  W.  L. 
1856-62,  Blauvelt,  C.  J.  (S.  S.)  1864-5,  Wyckoflf,  D.  B.  1865— 

Wurtsboro.     See  Mamakating. 

WvcKOFF,  1822.  Had  been  a  regular  preaching  station  of  Ponds  since 
about  1798.  (DeWitt,  P.  1798-1808,  Demarest,  John,  1812-20,)  Kuypers, 
Z.  H.  1825-41,  Thompson,  W.  J.  1842-5,  Ryerson,  1845-65,  Van  Ben- 
scbooten,  1865 — 

Wynantskill,  1793.  Romeyn,  J.  V.  0.  1794-9,  Zabriskie,  John,  L.  1801- 
11,  Westervelt,  R.  1816-22,  Morris,  J.  Miss,  to,  1824-5,  Bogavdus,  C. 
1826-82,  Bronson,  A.  1833-6,  Slingorland,  1837-40,  Gates,  1840-2,  Lan- 
sing, Jac.  A.  1842-8,  Quick,  J.  J.  1849-54,  Stevenson,  1854-64,  Tomb, 
1865— 

WynantsJcill,  Secession^  Independent,  1824.  Lansing,  J.  V.  S.  1824-6,  Bel- 
lenger,  1829-.. 

YoNKERS,  1843.  Hulbert,  1845-8,  DeMund,  1848-50,  Seward,  1850-2,  Hul- 
bert, 1852-65,  Cole,  D.  1865— 

YoRKTOWN,  Min.  1867. 

Zeeland,  Mich.  1851.  (Organization  came  from  Holland.)  Vandermeulen 
C.  1852-9,  Stobbelaer,  1860-4,  Bolks,  1865— 


THE  CLASSES. 


Immediately  after  permission  was  granted  to  hold  a  coctus,  this  body 
divided  the  Reformed  Churcli  into  circles  or  consociations.  These  were 
three  in  number,  to  which  a  fourth  was  subsequently  called,  namely  : 

Tlie  Circle  of  New-York,  1747;  Circle  of  Jersey,  1747;  Circle  of  Al- 
bany, 1747;  Circle  of  Orange,  1750.  In  1753,  it  was  proposed  to  form  a 
full  Classi.s,  the  circles  having  no  positive  authority.  This  was  done,  and 
was  the  immediate  cause  of  the  division  in  the  church.  The  definite  name 
of  this  Classis,  with  the  loss  of  its  minutes,  is  not  known,  but  it 
was  intended  to  include  the  whole  church.  The  minutes  of  these  several 
circles  also  arc  not  known  to  exist.  There  is  consequently  a  gap  in  there- 
cords,  of  seventeen  )*ears,  (1754-71,)  which  is  very  inadequately  supplied 
by  a  few  letters  of  the  Conferentie,  the  disaffected  partj\  Ritzema,  the  last 
president  of  the  Coetus,  carried  the  minutes  of  that  body  with  him,  and 
continued  the  proceedings  of  the  Conferentie,  in  the  book  of  the  Coetus.  In 
1772,  when  the  two  parties  again  united,  the  articles  of  union  provided  for 
five  classes,  namely :  Albany,  Hackensack,  Kingston,  New-Brunswick,  and 
New-York.  In  1800,  the  General  Synod  divided  the  Classis  of  Hackensack 
into  the  classes  of  Bergen  and  Paramus  ;  the  Classis  of  Kingston,  into  the 
classes  of  Poughkeepsie  and  Ulster  ;  the  Classis  of  Albany  into  the  classes 
of  Rensselaer,  Albany,  and  Montgomery  ;  while  they  left  the  Classes  of 
New-York  and  New-Brunswick  as  they  were  before.  Tliis  made,  in  the 
year  1800,  nine  classes.  Since  that  time,  by  the  request  of  the  clasies,  the 
Particular  Synods  have  subdivided  them  still  further,  with  the  increase  of 
churches,  until  now  there  are  thirty-two.  In  1857,  the  two  classes  of 
"Washington  and  "NYatervliet  united,  forming  the  Classis  of  Saratoga.  In 
1843,  the  Clas.sis  of  Long  Island  became  extinct  by  its  division  into  two 
new  classes,  the  North  and  the  South  Classes  of  Long  Island.  In  182G, 
with  the  extending  missionary  operations  on  the  Mohawk,  and  in  vicinity, 
the  three  new  classes  of  Schenectadj^  Cayuga,  and  Schoharie  were  organ- 
ized. With  the  growing  operations  in  the  West,  the  Classes  of  Illinois 
and  irichigan  were  organized  in  1841,  and  ten  years  later  the  Classis  of  Hol- 
land. The  following  is  a  complete  list,  the  extinct  names  being  itali- 
cized : 

New-York,           .        .        .  1772.  Orange,          ....  1833. 

Albany, "  Green 1834. 

New-Brunswick,          .        .          "  Passaic,          ....  1839. 

Kingston "  Illinois 1841. 

Hackensack,         ...          "  Micliigan,       .        .        .        .  " 


330 


THE    CLASSES. 


Bergen, 

Montgomery, 

Paramus, 

Pouglikeepsie, 

Rensselaer, 

Ulster, 

Long  Island,   . 

Philadelpliia, 

Wasliington,    . 

Cayuga, 

Sclienectady,   , 

Scboharie,    . 

South  Classis  of  New- York 


1800. 


1813. 
1814. 
1818. 
1823. 


1833. 


North  Classis  of  Long  Island,  1843. 
South  Classis  of  Long  Island,      " 

Hudson,      ....  1845. 
Watervliet, 


Holland,      . 

Geneva, 

Westchester, 

Arcot,  (India,) 

Monmouth, 

Wisconsin, 

Kingston,   . 

Saratoga, 

Raritan, 


1851. 
1852. 

1854. 

1855. 
1856. 
1857. 
1859. 


THE  SYNODS. 


Among    the   Rcformca   Churches   in  America   of    Gorman   origin,  the 
terms  coctus  and  synod  were  used  synonymously  ;  but  the  Dutch  owmg  to 
the  brewing  strife'conccrning-  ecclesiastical  independence,  were  obhged  to 
be  more  cautious.     When  the  two  parties  came  together  m  1771,  they 
called  themselves  "  A  Reverend  Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,    and  only 
dared  to  talk  of  a  General,  and  certain  Particular  ecclesiastical  Bodies.    But 
immediately  after  the  Revolution  they  gathered  boldness,  and  resolved  to 
apply  the  names  of  synod  and  classis  to  the  respective  bodies.     Ihis  on- 
..inal  provincial  Synod  was  a  mere  transitional  body  between  the  period 
of  infantile  dependence  on  a  foreign  church  and  complete  independence. 
It  called  a  convention  in  1792,  and  a  General  Synod,  conventional  in  cha- 
racter, and  entirely  independent,  was  organized  in  179-i,  upon  an  Ameri- 
canized constitution.    The  old  provisional  Synod,  which  had  formerly  been 
conventional,  was  henceforth  to  consist  of  two  ministers  and    wo  elders 
from  each  Classis,  and  this  now  took  the  character  of  a  Particular  Synod. 
It  continued  to  examine  students,  equally  with  the  Classes    upon  whom 
-the  power  was  also  now  bestowed,  although  the  classes  could  not  do  this 
without  deputies  from  the  Synod  being  present.    After  1800,  the  Particular 
Synods  ceased  to  examine.     They  met  yearly,  while  the  General  Synod 
met  tricnnially.     In  1800,  this  Particular  Synod  was  dissolved,  and  the  two 
Particular  Svnods  of  New-York  and  Albany  constituted.     It  was  then  also 
resolved  that  a  delegation  of  eight  members  and  eight  elders  from  each 
Particular  Synod,  shall  constitute  the  General  Synod,  but  not  more  than 
two  ministers  and  two  elders  were  to  be  taken  from  the  same  Classis.      In 
1809   a  new  organization  was  deemed  expedient.     A  delegation  of  three 
minilters  and  three  elders  from  each  Classis  was  agreed  to,  and  m  1812 
also  it  was  determined  to  hold  annual  sessions.     In  1818,  General  Synod 
was'  incorporated.     In  185G,  the  Particular  Synod  of  Chicago  was  consti- 
tuted. 


THE  INSTITUTIONS. 


RUTGERS  COLLEGE. 


FKEHNCnUYSEN  S     ACADEMY. 


TnE  insiifTicicncy  of  ministers  which  retarded  the  growth  of  our  deno- 
mination, in  the  last  centiir}-,  was  but  slightly  felt  by  the  few  wealthy 
churches  located  in  places  engaged  in  trade  with  the  Old  World.  Nor  is  it 
probable  that,  in  the  absence  of  ecclesiastical  assemblies  and  journals,  the 
extent  of  the  evil  was  known.  A  recollection  of  tlic  rich  and  well-appoint- 
ed universities,  in  which  they  had  been  educated,  also  prevented  many  of 
the  pastors  from  attempting  to  supply  this  deficiency  by  the  establishment 
of  educational  institutions  in  this  country.  Such  a  design  was  not  express- 
ed till  the  number  of  churches  more  than  trebled  that  of  pastors. 

The  earliest  plan  of  which  we  have  any  record,  was  the  establishment  of 
a  Professorship  of  Divinit}^  for  the  Low  Dutch,  in  Columbia  College  ;  the 
right  of  the  appointment  being  vested  in  the  Consistory  of  the  Collegiate 
Church.  (Sec  p.  8.)  The  publication  of  this  scheme,  in  1754,  awakened 
the  denominational  spirit  of  those  who  afterward  formed  the  Coetus  partj'. 
They  feared  that  its  consummation  would  increase  the  defection  to  the  Epis- 
copal Church,  which  enjoyed  the  patronage  of  the  colonial  government. 
Measures  were  immediately  taken  to  establish  an  academy,  or  seminary, 
"  for  the  Dutch  alone,"  in  which  the  English  language  should  not  be  used. 
The  leader  of  the  movement  was  Ti)codore  Fielinghuysen,  of  Albany. 
A  ministerial  education  was  at  that  time  obtained  in  Holland  by  attendance 
upon  two  institutions,  differing  from  each  other  in  their  methods  of  instruc- 
tion as  well  as  in  the  studies  pursued.  At  the  academies,  which  corres- 
ponded to  the  German  Gymnasia,  recitations  were  held  in  the  langua"-ep, 
rhetoric,  hellcs-lcttrcs^  and  the  elements  of  natural  science.  Instruction  in 
the  various  departments  of  philosophy,  ecclesiastical  history,  biblical  exe- 
gesi.s,  and  theology,  were  given  by  the  lectures  of  the  university  professors, 
the  student  being  no  longer  annoyed  b}'  daily  examinations,  but  allowed 
the  greatest  liberty.  In  the  academy  proposed  by  Frelinghuysen,  these 
two  methods  of  instruction  were  combined,  and  the  contemplated  course  of 
study  was  more  extensive  than  that  of  the  European  academics,  but  neces- 
sarily less  advanced  than  that  of  the  universities.  An  increase  of  the  min- 
istry of  the  denomination  was  not  exclusively  designed.     The  more  general 


334  TUE    INSTirUTIOXS. 

purpose  was  announced  to  be  the  moral  and  intellectual  culture  of  j^outh, 
and  the  dissemination  of  sound  philosphy,  {verm  sophice.) 

As  the  country  churches  were  indifferent  to  the  project,  though  most  in- 
terested in  its  success,  Domine  Frelinghuysen  was  commissioned,  at  a  spe- 
cial meeting  of  the  original  Coetus,  which  appears  to  have  been  irregularly 
convened  in  May,  1755,  to  visit  Holland  and  collect  the  necessary  funds. 
Liberal  aid  was  expected,  as  the  Netherlands  churches  had  responded  gene- 
rously to  the  appeals  of  Schlatter  in  behalf  of  the  Reformed  Churches  in 
Pennsylvania.  As  Frelinghuysen  also  contemplated  the  erection  of  a 
Classis,  several  of  the  pastors  withdrew  from  the  Coetus  and  organized  the 
Conferentie.  The  first  act  of  this  new  organization  was  the  preparation  of 
a  letter  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  in  opposition  to  the  proposed  academy. 
Frelinghuysen  did  not  sail  for  Holland  till  1759.  Nothing  is  known  of  his 
reception  by  the  Classis,  as  he  never  returned.  (Theological  Seminaries, 
Frelinghuysen,  T.) 

queen's  college  as  a  literary  and  theological  institution. 

The  character  of  the  Coetus  party  was  about  this  time  considerably 
changed  by  the  death  of  Erickzon,  and  the  accession  of  young  men,  among 
whom  Rev.  J.  R.  Hardenbergh  M'as  the  most  prominent.     The  maintenance 
of  the  Dutch  language  was  no  longer  considered  necessary,  but  the  intention 
of  establishing  a  literary  and  theological  institution,   of  an  intermediate 
grade  between  the  academy  and  the  university,  was  retained.     The  colleges 
already  established  in  this  country  were  accepted  as  models  in  regard  to 
discipline,  and,  in  ten  years  after  Frelinghuysen's  departure,  application 
was  made  to  Governor  Franklin,  of  New-Jersey,  for  a  charter.     Political 
considerations  induced  him  to  grant  it,  with  special  provisions  for  the 
prevalence  of  the  English  language.     The  Trustees  were  expressly  enjoined 
to  keep  their  minutes,  accounts,  and  all  rules,  orders,  and  regulations,  in 
this  language  and  no  other ;  and  to  support  at  least  one  Professor,  fully 
qualified  to  give  instruction  in  its  grammatical  knowledge.     They  were 
also  required  to  take  the  oath  of  abjuration,  and  to  subscribe  a  declaration 
of  adherence  to  the  Protestant  religion.     Upon  these  conditions  they  were 
invested  with  the  right  of  appointing  a  President,  from  the  membership  of 
the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  and  such  a  number  of  Professors  and  tutors 
as  at  any  time  might  seem  to  them  advantageous  to  the  institution.     It  is 
not  probable  that  medical  or  legal  instructors  were  contemplated,  but  such 
appointments  are  permitted  by  the  indefiniteness  of  the  language  used.     A 
similar  indeflniteness  appears  in  the  statement  of  the  object  of  the  College. 
It  is  said  to  be  "the  education  of  the  youth  in  the  learned  languages,  libe- 
ral and  useful  arts  and  sciences,  and  especially  in  divinity,  preparing  them 
for  the  ministry  and  other  good  offices."     The  right  of  the  Trustees  to 
elect  a  Professor  of  Divinity,  and  the  right  of  the  professor  thus  elected  to 
deliver  theological  lectures,  was  expressly  mentioned.     The  power  of  con- 
ferrino-  degrees,  which  is  in  England  given  only  to  the  officers  of  the  uni- 
versity, was,  to  a  certain  extent,  bestowed  upon  the  President  and  Trustees. 


TIIK    INSTITUTIONS.  335 

Tlio  number  of  Trustees,  including  four  ex-ofllcio  members,  was  limited  to 
forty-one,  of  whom  not  more  than  one  third  could  be  ordained  ministers 
of  the  CJospel.  The  original  board  contained  the  allowed  proportion  of  pas- 
tors. Six  of  them  were  from  New-Jersey,  comprising  the  leaders  of  the 
Coetus  party,  five  of  them  were  from  New-York,  and  two  from  Pennsyl- 
vania.    These  last  were  connected  with  the  German  Reformed  Church. 

The  institution  received  the  name  of  Queen's  College,  and  was  located  in 
New-Jersey,  where  its  founders  resided.  The  attachment  of  the  pastors  in 
New-York  City  to  their  own  plan  of  a  Professorship  in  connection  with 
Columbia  College  also  prevented  an  application  to  the  governor  of  that 
province. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Trustees  was  held  at  Ilackensack,  in  1V71. 
Very  few  of  the  members  from  New-York  were  present.  Considerable  dis- 
cussion occurred  as  to  the  site  of  the  College.  Some  of  the  older  members 
appear  to  have  claimed  that  Ilackensack  was  the  most  central  location. 
Others  favored  New-Brunswick  as  giving  greater  promise  of  growth,  since 
it  was  an  important  point  upon  the  line  of  travel  between  New-York  and 
Philadelphia.  The  latter  view  prevailed.  The  proximity  of  Princeton, 
where  the  College  of  New-Jersey  was  already  well  established,  seems  to 
have  been  overlooked.  One  of  the  younger  trustees,  Dr.  Ilardenbergh,  a 
man  of  unusual  activity  and  great  executive  ability,  and  thoroughly  Ameri- 
can in  his  .sympathies,  was  elected  President,  and  John  Taylor,  afterward 
distinguished  for  his  patriotism,  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy  and  Mathe- 
matics. Dr.  Ilardenbergh  appears  to  have  assumed  the  duties  of  instruc- 
tor in  the  Languages,  Moral  Philosophy,  etc.,  without  resigning  his  pastoral 
charge  at  Raritan.  Literary  exercises  were  thus  begun.  The  first  build- 
ing occupied  by  the  College  stood  near  the  present  site  of  the  Second  Pres- 
byterian Church.  It  was  burned  during  the  Revolution.  The  next,  standing 
upon  the  same  site,  was  removed,  and  is  known  as  the  Lancasterian  school. 
The  task  of  collecting  funds  for  the  endowment,  which  was  yet  insignificant, 
was  also  laid  upon  the  President.  With  Domine  Leydt,  of  New-Bruns- 
wick, he  passed  from  door  to  door  soliciting  subscriptions.  (IIakden- 
BEur.n,  J.  R.,  Leydt,  J.) 

Immediately  after  the  opening  of  the  College,  the  division  which  had  been 
occasioned  by  the  scheme  of  Frelinghuysen  in  1755  was  healed.  Through 
the  labors  of  Dr.  Livingston,  articles  of  union  werq  adopted,  in  which  the 
Conferentie  party  consented  to  the  establishment  of  an  Assembly,  or  Synod, 
with  powers  of  ordination,  but  refused  to  recognize  Queen's  College.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  Coetus  party  would  not  acknowledge  the  College  in 
New-York.  By  way  of  compromise,  it  was  agreed  that  the  Theological  Pro- 
fessors to  be  appointed  by  the  Synod  should  have  no  connection  with  any 
English  academies.  The  failure  of  the  Trustees  to  obtain  the  patronage  of 
the  Synod  was  in  part  compensated  by  Abraham  Van  Nest's  acceptance 
of  a  place  in  the  Board.  The  institution  thus  obtained  a  friend  among  the 
laity  of  the  church  whose  pastors  had  prevented  its  adoption. 

The  Synod  made  but  feeble  attempts  to  secure  a  Professor  of  Divinity, 


336  THE    INSTITUTIONS. 

and  the  Trustees,  with  remarkable  energ}',  determined  to  carry  out  their 
plan  of  a  combined  literary  and  theological  institution,  A  call  was  sent  to 
Rev.  John  Brown,  D.D.,  the  distinguished  commentator,  of  Haddington, 
Scotland,  but  it  was  declined.  In  hope  of  obtaining  a  more  general  contri- 
bution, a  plan  was  proposed  to  unite  the  Synodical  Professorship  with  the 
College, by  placing  the  Professor  of  Theology  in  the  College,  who  also  should 
be  its  President,  under  the  control  of  the  Synod,  by  leaving  the  nomination 
to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  The  Professor  thus  nominated  would  be  sub- 
ject to  the  particular  and  general  ecclesiastical  bodies,  in  the  same  manner 
as  ministers  were  at  large.  The  apparent  cheapness  of  the  plan  seems  to 
have  made  it  acceptable  to  many,  and  £4000  was  subscribed  by  those  who 
had  no  pai  tisan  interest  in  the  College.  As  this  amount  far  exceeded  that 
which  had  been  pledged  for  the  support  of  the  Synodical  Professor,  the 
Synod  of  ]  773  coincided  with  the  proposal  of  the  Trustees,  and  promised 
assistance  in  increasing  the  fund.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  referred  the 
application  of  the  Trustees  for  a  nomination  to  the  Theological  Faculty  at 
Uti-echt ;  the  Faculty  wrote  back  to  the  Classis,  but  nothing  was  accom- 
plished. During  this  delay  objections  were  made  to  the  plan,  and  a  con- 
vention of  ministers  and  elders  was  held  in  October,  1775,  to  devise  mea- 
sures for  its  consummation.  The  Trustees  insisted  that  there  should  be 
no  overhauling  of  what  had  been  done.  The  opening  of  the  Revolutionary 
war  prevented  the  convention  from  taking  any  action.  In  the  mean  time, 
Dr.  Ilardenbergh  and  Prof  Taylor  were  giving  instruction  to  a  small  num- 
ber of  students.  Among  them  was  Simeon  De  Witt,  who  afterward  be- 
came Surveyor  General  of  the  United  States.  Thirteen  bachelors  of  arts 
W'ere  graduated  before  the  suspension  of  exercise-;,  necessitated  by  the  devel- 
opment of  the  war.  Only  one  of  them  entered  the  ministry  of  tiie  Reformed 
Church.  The  College  adopted  for  its  motto,  '■'■  Sol  justitice,  et  occidentem 
illustra.'''' 

Prof  Taylor  joined  the  army.  Dr.  Hardenbergh  was  called  by  his  fel- 
low-citizens to  occupy  important  political  positions.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  convention  which  framed  the  constitution  of  the  State,  and  was  several 
times  elected  to  the  Assembly.  He  retained  charge  of  the  church  at  Rari- 
tan  for  several  years,  and  was  often  honored  by  the  attendance  of  General 
Washington.  In  1781  he  retired  to  Rosendale,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  in  which 
neighborhood  his  famil}''  had  formerly  enjoyed  manorial  privileges.  At  the 
close  of  the  Wiir  Prof  Taylor  returned  to  New-Brunswick,  and  collegiate 
exercises  were  partially  resumed. 

queen's   college    as   a   preparatory    school. 

Iq  1784  the  Trustees  renewed  their  application  for  the  patronage  of  the 
Synods,  but  were  opposed  by  those  who  wished  a  change  of  location.  Dr. 
Livingston  wliile  favoring  New-Brunswick  as  a  central  point  for  the  three 
States  of  New-York,  New-Jersey,  and  Pennsylvania,  considered  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  literary  institution  unnecessary,  on  account  of  the  vicinity 


THE   IXSTITUTIOXS.  337 

of  Princeton,  and  altogether  beyond  the  funds  of  the  church.     The  erec- 
tion of  a  Divinity  Hall,  for  the  sole  purpose  of  teaching  theology,  seemed  to 
him  more  desirable.     The  union  of  literary  and  theological  interests,  pro- 
posed in  the  charter,  was  apparently  acknowledged  by  Dr.  Ilardenbergli  to 
be  impracticable,  in  the  separation  of  church  and  state  which  had  taken 
place.     On  the  other  hand,  the  Trustees  claimed  that  a  Literary  College  was 
necessary  for  the  continuance  of  the  denomination,  and  that  by  coinciding 
with  their  proposal  in  1773,  in  regard  to  the  Professorship  of  Divinity,  the 
Synod  had  taken  the  entire  institution  under  its  care  ;    and  this  claim  was 
pressed,  although  the  £4000  which  had  induced  the  partial  recognition  had  ^ 
been  lost.    It  was  finally  determined,  at  a  convention  held  in  October,  1784,  y^ 
to  establish  a  Professorship  of  Divinity  at  New-York,  independently  of  the 
College.     The  latter  institution  was  recognized  as  a  preparatory  school 
under  the  care  of  the  Synod.     But  the  value  of  this  acknowledgment  was 
diminished  by  the  appointment  of  a  committee  to  establish  a  similar  school 
at  Schenectad}',   and   the   promised   assistance   in   the   raising   of  funds 
amounted  at  first  to  but  little.     The  Trustees  accepted  the  status  thus  as- 
signed them,  with  the  understanding  that  the  institution  should  be  open  to 
young  men  who  had  not  the  ministry  in  view ;  and  the  number  of  students 
became  comparatively  large,  after  President  Ilardenbergh  removed  to  New- 
Brunswick,  having  accepted  a  call  from  the  church  located  there.     Pulmo- 
nary disease  terminated  his  useful  life  in  1790,  before  he  had  reached  his 
fifty-third  year.     Dr.  Condict,  his  successor  in  the  pastoral  work,  accepted 
a  part  of  his  collegiate  duties,  but  the  presidency  remained  vacant.     An 
unsuccessful  attempt  was  made  by  one  of  the  friends  of  the  College  to  re- 
unite it  with  the  Synodical  Professorate ;  and  the  Trustees,  yielding  to  dis- 
couragement, without  consulting  the  Synod,  and  while  an  unusually  earnest 
effort  was  in  progress  to  increase  the  endowment,  made  proposals  to  the 
Trustees  of  the  College  of  New-Jersey,  at  Princeton,  for  a  union  of  the  two 
institutions.     Some  persons  refused  to  pay  over  the  moneys  which  they 
had  collected,  until  assured  that  such  negotiations  had  been  abandoned. 
The  Synod  of  1793  indorsed  their  action,  and  instructed  all  who  might 
have  funds  on  hand  for  the  College  to  retain  them.     In  1794,  the  removal  of 
the  College  to  some  point  nearer  New- York  City  was  declared  necessary  for 
the  completion  of  the  plan  that  had  first  been  proposed  in  1773.     The  Trus- 
tees would  not  consent  to  such  removal,  and  although  the  moneys  which  had 
been  collected  were  at  length  paid  over,  the  exercises  of  the  College  were 
again  suspended  in  1795.     Nine  of  the  graduates  of  this  period  were  after- 
ward licensed  by  the  Reformed  Church. 

queen's  college  as  a  xew-brcnswick   institution. 

Its  revival,  in  1807,  was  mainly  due  to  the  self-sacrificing  labors  of  Dr. 
Condict,  (Condict.)  As  a  citizen  of  New-Brunswick  he  desired  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  literary  institution  at  that  place.  Local  considerations  in- 
duced a  large  part  of  the  Trustees  to  second  his  plans.     The  movement  wae 


338  THE   INSTITUTIONS. 

diverted  from  its  original  purpose  by  the  action  of  the  Particular  Synod  of 
New-York,  which  refused  to  contribute  to  the  support  of  a  literary  institu- 
tion, but  promised  subscriptions  for  the  establishment  of  a  theological 
school.  A  covenant  was  eventually  adopted  in  September,  1807,  according 
to  which  the  General  Synod, 

1.  Suspended  the  efforts  which  were  in  progress  for  the  endowment  of 
the  Theological  Professorship. 

2.  Appointed  the  Trustees  agents  to  obtain  and  collect  subscriptions  in 
the  State  of  New-York,  for  the  support  of  a  Theological  Professorship  in 
the  College,  and  made  them  Trustees  of  the  funds  which  should  be  raised. 

3.  Deposited  in  their  hands  the  moneys  already  collected. 

4.  Located  the  Synodical  Professorship  at  New-Brunswick. 

5.  Promised  money  for  the  erection  of  a  theological  hall,  and  the  purchase 
of  a  theological  library. 

6.  Sanctioned  the  efforts  of  the  Trustees  to  endow  the  literary  depart- 
ment of  the  College. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  Trustees  promised, 

1.  To  combine  its  literary  interests  with  a  decided  support  to  evangelical 
truth,  and  the  promotion  of  a  faithful  and  able  ministry  in  the  Dutch 
Church. 

2.  To  appropriate  all  moneys  raised  in  the  State  of  New-York  to  the 
support  of  the  Theological  Professorship  and  the  assistance  of  indigent 
students. 

3.  To  call  the  permanent  Professor  of  the  Synod  as  soon  as  suflficient 
funds  should  be  secured. 

No  provision  was  made  for  the  removal  of  the  theological  school,  nor  for 
the  reversion  of  its  funds  in  case  of  the  failure  of  the  literary  department. 

Ten  thousand  dollars  were  immediately  subscribed  by  the  Collegiate 
Church  for  the  theological  fund,  and  the  College  went  into  operation.  Dr. 
Condict  taking  charge  as  president  x^ro  tern.  The  department  of  moral 
philosophy  was  also  assigned  to  him.  Robert  Adrain  was  elected  Profes- 
sor of  Mathematics.  About  thirty  students  attended,  and  the  grammar 
school,  which  had  been  established  as  early  as  1800,  was  in  a  flourishing 
condition.  Dr.  Livingston  accepted  the  Professorship  of  Theology,  but  con- 
tinued to  reside  in  New- York,  as  the  salary  promised  was  very  inadequate. 
Larger  accommodations  became  necessary,  and  the  Trustees  attempted  the 
erection  of  the  building  at  present  occupied  by  the  College.  The  plot  of 
land,  embracing  six  and  a  quarter  acres,  was  obtained  from  the  estate  of 
James  Parker,  Esq.  Its  foundations  were  laid  in  1809.  Over  five  thousand 
dollars  of  the  theological  funds,  which  had  now  increased  to  sixteen  thou- 
sand, were  loaned  to  the  literary  department,  and  a  part  of  the  building  was 
soon  occupied.  Upon  receiving  a  second  call.  Dr.  Livingston  accepted  the 
less  arduous  part  of  the  President's  duties,and  removed  to  New-Brunswick ; 
the  government  of  the  students  was  retained  by  Dr.  Condict  as  vice-presi- 
dent.    The  unexpected  cost  of  the  edifice  prevented  the  fulfillment  of  the 


TUE   INSTITUTIONS.  339 

engagement  which  the  Trustees  made  with  Dr.  Livingston.  Dissatisfaction 
was  soon  expressed,  as  they  did  not  pay  him  the  interest  of  the  amount 
known  to  be  contributed  to  the  theological  fund.  The  trustees  acknow- 
ledged that  they  had  loaned  $5772.57  to  the  literary  department,  but  re- 
minded the  Synod  of  its  obligation  to  contribute  to  the  erection  of  the 
building,  as  it  was  designed  in  part  for  tlie  use  of  the  Theological  Professor. 
Three  thousand  dollars  of  the  theological  fund  was  appropriated  iu  1813, 
and  interest  allowed  on  two  thirds  of  the  amount  from  18011. 

A  medical  faculty  was  also  appointed,  and  several  doctors  of  medicine 
were  graduated. 

The  diversities  of  the  theological  and  literary  interests  now  appeared. 
While  the  Trustees  were  laboring  amid  great  embarrassments  for  the  com- 
pletion of  the  edifice,  the  attention  of  the  church  was  given  to  a  theological 
school,  organized  in  1812,  with  the  expectation  of  three  professorships. 
Dr.  Condict  was  succeeded  in  1811  by  an  alumnus  of  the  college.  Dr.  John 
Schureman,  a  young  man  of  great  promise  but  feeble  health.  Henry 
Vethake  succeeded  Dr.  Adrain  in  1813,  and  Rev.  Cornelius  C.  Vermeule  was 
elected  Professor  of  Languages  in  1814-.  The  number  of  students  continued 
encouraging,  but  the  dissatisfaction  of  the  church  in  the  administration  of 
tlie  theological  fund  increased.  From  a  report  of  the  Treasurer  in  1815,  it 
appeared  to  yield  only  five  per  cent.  The  embarrassment  of  both  the  Synod 
and  the  Trustees  increased,  and  in  1815  a  plan  was  proposed  laying  double 
duties  upon  the  Professors  of  the  theological  school,  and  dividing  their  sup- 
port. The  Trustees  were  unable  to  carry  it  out,  and  the  College  closed  in 
1816,  though  degrees  were  conferred  until  1818. 

The  college  edifice  was  gratuitously  offered  to  the  Synod,  with  some  re- 
servations in  behalf  of  the  Grammar  School,  for  the  use  of  the  Seminary, 
and  support  was  promised  as  long  as  the  Synod  should  continue  it  at  New- 
Brunswick,  or  until  the  literary  exercises  should  be  again  resumed.  But  the 
c»venant  of  1807  was  not  repealed,  nor  did  the  Trustees  give  up  the  theo- 
logical fund. 

During  these  nine  years,  eight  young  men  were  prepared  for  the  Seminary. 
Among  the  other  graduates  was  Cornelius  L.  Hardenbergh,  a  grandson  of 
the  first  president,  and  subsequently  Professor  of  Law  in  the  institution. 

An  attempt  which  was  now  made  to  remove  the  Seminary  to  the  citj''  of 
New-York  disclosed  a  fact  hitherto  overlooked — that  the  theological  fund 
was  appropriated  to  the  support  of  a  Professorship  in  the  now  closed  Col- 
lege. The  Trustees  refused  to  release  the  Synod.  The  consequent  dissatis- 
faction was  increased  by  their  unwillingness  to  use  the  surplus  income  aris- 
ing from  the  Van  Benschoten  fund  for  the  support  of  the  seminary.  Investi- 
gation also  showed  that  neither  of  these  funds  had  been  carefully  adminis- 
tered. A  claim  was  presented  by  the  Synod,  for  that  part  of  the  theologi- 
cal fund  which  the  Trustees  had  used  in  the  erection  of  the  College  building 
without  the  consent  of  the  Synod.  A  most  unpleasant  and  protracted 
altercation  ensued,  in  the  course  of  which  the  Synod  claimed  entire  control 


340  THE    INSTITUTIONS. 

of  the  theological  fund,  and  the  Trustees  charged  rent  to  the  amount  of 
$600  a  year  for  the  building,  which  they  had  offered  gratuitously  in  1816. 
Legal  measures  were  threatened.  It  was  finally  adjusted  by  the  transfer 
of  the  entire  College  property  to  the  Synod,  "free  from  any  conditions  or 
restrictions  whatsoever."  In  consideration  of  this  transfer  the  Synod  can- 
celed its  claim  of  $4000,  ($220D  principal  and  $1800  interest,)  and  assumed 
a  note  of  the  Trustees  amounting  to  about  $4800.  The  Synod  thus  paid  a 
little  over  $12,000.  More  than  $30,000  had  been  expended,  yet  only  one 
recitation-room  had  been  furnished.  Its  appearance  in  1823  is  described  by 
one  that  attended  the  grammar  school  as  follows :  "  We  passed  in  those  days 
through  no  massive  iron  gateway,  through  no  portended  academic  grove,  to 
reach  the  school.  The  College,  unadorned  by  cupola  or  dome,  stood  lonely 
and  bare  upon  its  bleak  little  eminence,  exposed  to  the  scorching  rays  of 
the  sun  in  summer,  without  a  tree  to  shade  us  as  we  approached  it,  or  to 
break  for  us  in  winter  the  chilling  blasts  of  the  whistling  north  wind.  Half 
a  dozen  sickly,  stunted  trees,  'tis  true,  unscientifically  planted  in  their  beds  of 
shale  and  gravel,  vegetated,  without  growing,  at  magnificent  distances  from 
each  other,  leaving  us  ample  room  under  the  broad  canopy  of  the  sky  to 
play  our  game  of  corner  ball.  The  grounds  were  surrounded  and  divided 
into  three  parts  by  a  rough  board  fence,  except  in  front,  where  the  inclo- 
sure  and  the  intersecting  lines  were  drawn  by  a  whitewashed  paling,  not 
always  in  good  repair — for  sometimes  the  cow  could  stray  out  of  pasture  in 
the  east  or  west  end ;  or  a  stray  pig  could  wander  in,  threatening  serious 
damage  to  the  vegetable  or  corn  patch,  planted  in  a  portion  of  either  lot  for 
the  benefit  of  the  professor's  or  rector's  commissariat  of  subsistence.  Pro- 
fessor Ludlow  lived  in  the  east,  and  the  rector,  Wm.  Mabon,  in  the  west  end. 
Through  this  paling,  at  one  of  two  rickety  gates,  scarcely  upheld  on  their 
hinges  by  their  loose  or  decaying  posts,  we  gained  access  to  the  barren  cam- 
pus, fit  emblem  in  its  fallowness  of  the  applicant  for  a  form  in  the  only  hall 
of  study  which  the  college  then  contained.  And  except  that  hall,  which  was 
the  west  front  room  on  the  ground  floor,  and  a  kitchen  and  store-room  intru- 
sion into  it  on  either  side,  for  the  residences  in  the  wings,  the  whole  centre 
portion  of  the  building  was,  so  far  as  we  knew,  given  over  to  spiders,  and 
the  dust  of  ages  which  had  settled  on  their  webs — perhaps  to  owls  and  gob- 
lins, for  Waverley  had  not  yet  superseded  The  Mysteries  of  Udolpho  and 
The  Castle  of  Otranto,  and  none  of  us  were  hardy  enough  to  undertake  its 
exploration." 

RUTGERS   COLLEGE   IN   UNION   WITH   THE   THEOLOGICAL   SEMINARY. 

Immediately  after  the  death  of  Dr.  Livingston,  in  1825,  Dr.  John  De  Witt, 
Professor  of  Biblical  Literature  and  Ecclesiastical  History,  proposed  the  revival 
of  the  College  in  hope  of  increasing  the  number  of  theological  students,  and 
was  seconded  by  Dr.  Milledoler.  The  Synod  M'as  able  to  make  more  gen- 
erous offers  than  in  1815,  as  its  funds  had  been  very  much  increased  by  the 
unexpected  success  of  a  committee,  appointed  in  1822,  of  which  Abraham 
Van  Nest  was  chairman,  for  the  endowment  of  the  Professorship  of  Bibli- 


THE    INSTITDTIONS. 


341 


cal  Literature  and  Ecclesiastical  History.  Over  $50,000  were  eventually  sub- 
scribed, the  $27,000  contributed  by  the  northern  section  of  the  church  be- 
ing appropriated  to  a  new  Professorship.  The  ministerial  members  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  took  prompt  action.  The  movement  undoubtedly  gained 
impulse  by  the  election  of  Abraham  Van  Nest  as  a  trustee,  and  in  Septem- 
ber, IS'25,  an  additional  covenant  was  adopted  by  which  the  Synod, 

1.  Allowed  the  trustees  the  free  use  of  such  parts  of  the  Seminary  build- 
ing as,  in  the  judgment  of  the  professors,  were  necessary  for  collegiate  ex- 
ercises. 

2.  Assigned  to  the  Theological  Professors  such  literary  duties  as  the 
Synod  deemed  best  calculated  to  promote  the  mutual  interests  of  loth  insti- 
tutions. 

3.  Allowed  the  Trustees  the  tuition  money  for  the  support  of  the  Pro- 
fessors appointed  by  them. 

4.  Promised  to  pay  the  salaries  of  the  Theological  Professors,  and  to  make 
up  all  deficiencies  in  the  salaries  of  the  other  Professors,  in  fixing  which  it 
bad  a  concurrent  voice. 

The  Trustees  obligated  themselves, 

1.  To  revive  the  literary  exercises  as  soon  as  possible. 

2.  To  appoint  one  Professor  of  Languages  and  one  Professor  of  Mathe- 
matics and  Natural  Philosophy,  without  delay,  and  to  use  the  income  of 
the  College  in  their  support. 

3.  To  appoint  one  of  the  Professors  of  the  Seminary  President  of  the 
College  without  pay. 

•  4.  To  appoint  as  treasurer  the  treasurer  of  the  General  Synod,  and  to 
render  a  full  and  correct  statement  of  their  invested  funds  and  the  income 
arising  from  tuition  money,  as  often  as  required,  to  the  Board  of  Directors. 

The  Synod  reserved  the  right  of  dissolving  the  connection,  if  the  College 
could  not  be  sustained  withiout  impairing  the  funds  of  the  Seminary. 

The  original  distribution  of  duties  was  :  Moral  Philosophy,  Evidences  of 
Christianity,  to  the  Professor  of  Didactic  Theology ;  Belles  Zettres,  Elements 
of  Criticism  and  Logic,  to  the  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature  ;  Metaphys- 
ics and  Mental  Philosophy,  to  the  newly  elected  Professor  of  Church  His- 
tory. Grammatical  instruction  of  the  theological  students  in  Hebrew  and 
Greek  was  assigned  to  the  Professor  of  Languages.  Special  provision  was 
made  for  the  religious  education  of  the  students.  Biblical  recitations,  under 
the  conduct  of  the  President,  and  Sabbath  services  in  the  theological  hall 
were  appointed.  The  government  of  the  College  was  intrusted  to  a  board 
of  six  superintendents,  appointed  by  the  Synod  and  Trustees  in  equal  parts. 
Its  administration  was  given  to  a  faculty,  consisting  of  the  President,  Pro- 
fessors, and  Tutors.  That  the  course  of  education  might  be  more  beneficial, 
the  number  of  pay  students  was  limited  to  one  hundred.  It  was  deemed 
expedient  to  drop  the  name  of  Queen's,  as  it  recalled  the  condition  of  vas- 
salage from  which  the  nation  had  been  delivered.  The  present  name  was 
chosen  by  the  Synod,  in  consideration  of  the  character  and  services  of  Col. 
Henry  Rutgers. 


342  THE  INSTITUTIONS. 

Dr.  Woodbull  was  elected  to  the  new  Professorship  of  Church  History. 
Dr.  Milledoler  accepted  the  Presidency;  Eobert  Adrain,  LL.D.,  was  reelect- 
ed Professor'of  Mathematics,by  the  Trustees,and Rev. Wm.  C.  Brownlee,  Pro- 
fessor of  Languages.  The  College  was  again  opened  with  a  faculty  of  five  Pro- 
fessors, undertaking  the  work  of  at  least  ten.  Thirty  students  attended.  Dr. 
"WoodhuU  was  soon  removed  by  death,  and  Dr.  Brownlee  was  called  to  the 
Collegiate  Church.  These  vacancies  were  filled  by  the  election  of  Dr.  Can- 
non, and  Joseph  Nelson,  who,  though  blind,  discharged  his  duties  with  emi- 
nent ability.  Dr.  Adrain  was  succeeded  by  Theodore  Strong,  in  1827,  and 
Prof.  Nelson  by  Rev.  Alex,  McClelland,  1829.  In  spite  of  these  changes,  the 
number  of  students  increased  to  sixty  or  seventy.  The  building  was  adorn- 
ed with  a  cupola,  and  the  sound  of  a  bell  announced  to  the  citizens  of  New- 
Brunswick  that  the  College  was  again  alive.  A  grammar-school  building 
was  also  erected.  Additional  recitation-rooms  were  finished,  and  the  en- 
dowment was  increased,  especially  by  a  donation  of  $5000  from  Col.  Rut- 
gers. The  library,  for  which  the  Trustees  had  appropriated  $1800  as  early  as 
1815,  was  increased.  A  mineriilogical  cabinet  was  commenced,  and  a  society 
of  natural  history  organized  by  the  students.  Lewis  C.  Beck  was  elected 
Professor  of  Chemistry.  The  grammar  school  continued  to  prosper  under 
the  care  of  Rev.  Mr.  Mulligan,  who  was  succeeded  in  1830  by  Robert  0. 
Currie — at  the  time  of  his  appointment  a  student  in  the  seminary.  An 
English  and  scientific  school  was  organized  in  1832,  under  Mr.  Mortimer.  A 
medical  school  was  again  attempted,  but  soon  abandoned.  Medical  degrees 
were  seldom  conferred  after  1827. 

The  impossibility  of  maintaining  two  institutions  with  one  corps  of  Pro- 
fessors soon  appeared.  The  reputation  of  the  Seminary  was  injured,  and 
the  number  of  its  students  remained  very  small.  The  arrangement  for  in- 
struction in  the  grammatical  knowledge  of  Hebrew  was  also  found  to  be 
precarious.  During  the  sickness  which  preceded  the  resignation  of  Prof. 
Nelson,  his  duties  were  assigned  to  the  rector  of  the  grammar  school.  The 
incompatibility  of  the  literary  and  theological  duties  assigned  to  the  Profes- 
sors became  manifest  at  the  election  of  Dr.  McClelland  as  Professor  of  Bibli- 
cal Literature.  A  movement  was  therefore  made,  in  1832,  for  the  modifica- 
tion or  dissolution  of  the  connection  between  the  Seminary  and  the  College. 
It  failed  through  the  opposition  of  the  Trustees,  who  made  temporary  pro- 
vision for  the  relief  of  the  Professors,  by  the  election  of  Rev.  Dr.  Jacob  J. 
Janeway  to  the  Vice-Presidency,  and  to  an  unsalaried  Professorship  of  the 
Evidences  of  Christianity,  Rhetoric,  Belles  Zeitres,  etc.  The  deficiency  of  the 
plan  of  1825,  as  to  instruction  in  Hebrew,  was  also  met,  by  the  creation  of  a 
Professorship  of  Oriental  Literature,  to  be  held  by  the  Professor  of  Biblical 
Literature. 

The  College  continued  to  flourish.  Rev.  John  D.  Ogilby  accepted  the 
vacancy  in  the  Professorship  of  Language.  But  the  Seminary  remained  sta- 
tionary. Several  graduates  of  the  College  entered  other  theological  insti- 
tutions, and  the  efforts  of  the  church  to  increase  its  ministry  seemed 
futile.     The  opinion  gained  ground  that  the  interests  of  the  Seminary  de- 


THE   INSTITUTIONS.  343 

manded  the  release  of  its  professors  from  their  duties  in  the  College.     A 
committee,  appointed  by  the  Synod  of  183(5  to  confer  with  the  Trustee?, 
found  thcu^  unwilling  to  assume  an  independent  position  until  repossessed 
of  the  edifice  which  they  had  built.     The  offer  which  they  made  was  de- 
clined as  the  amount  was  insufRcient  to  build  a  new  theological  hall  and 
professorial  residences,  and  the  financial  difficulties  of  the  times  prevented 
an  appeal  to  the  churches.     There  was  reason  to  expect  a  marked  increase 
of  theological  students,  in  consequence  of  a  revival  of  religion,  which  oc- 
curred at  this  time  in  the  College,  and  the  second  attempt  to  separate  the 
two  institutions  resulted  in  resolutions  of  confidence  and  promises  of  sup- 
port.    The  expected  additions  to  the  Seminary  were  realized.     Thirty  of 
those  graduated  between  1837  and  1830,  entered  the  ministry  of  our  own 
denomFnation.      But  the  College  did  not  receive  the  entire  patronage  of 
the  church.     Some  of  the  pastors  who  had  desired  the  abolition  of  the 
covenant  relations  diverted  the  attention  of  youth  to  other  institutions, 
and  a  decreased  attendance  of  students  was  noticed  as  early  as  1S3G. 
The  class  of   1838  contained  only  fourteen,  and  a  very  large  proportion 
were  beneficiaries.     A  vacancy  in  the  course  of  instruction  was  occasioned 
by  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Janeway.     An  appeal  for  assistance  was  made  to 
the  Synod  of  1839,  which  declared  that  the  interests  of  the  College,  as  well 
as  those  of  the  Seminary,  required  their  separation.     It  was  apparently  ef- 
fected in  the  following  year.     Seventy-one  of  the  two  hundred  and  sixty- 
seven,  graduated  from  1825-40,  had  been  licensed  by  the  Reformed  Church  ; 
sevcrafof  them  have  rendered  important  political  services;    and  others 
have  contributed  to  the  development  of  the  sciences. 

RUTGERS   COLLEGE   PARTIALLY  IXDEPENDEN'T. 

By  the  legislation  of  1840,  an  independent  literary  faculty  was  created, 
the  Presidency  separated  from  the  Seminary,  the  Theological  Professors  ap- 
parently released  from  the  obligation  to  teach  in  the  College ;  and  its  entire 
administration,  including  the  appointment  of  the  President  and  Professors, 
the  providing  and  disbursing  of  its  funds,  and  the  controlling  and  di- 
recting of  its  concerns  generally,  given  to  the  Trustees,  who  also  received 
a  legal  instrument  guaranteeing  the  gratuitous  use  of  the  library-room,  the 
chapel,  and  recitation-rooms,  and  binding  the  Synod  not  to  sell  or  lease  the 
building  without  their  consent.     (M.  G.  8.  1839,  315.) 

Tuition  fees  for  beneficiaries  were  allowed  out  of  tlie  income  of  the 
educational  funds,  and  the  synodical  recommendation  of  the  institution 
was  renewed.  A  second  plan  of  professorial  duties  was  adopted,  assign- 
ing to  the  President  the  department  which  had  been  occupied  by  Dr.  Jane- 
way,  and  permitting  Dr.  McClelland  to  intrude  upon  the  proper  sphere  of 
the  Professor  of  Language.  These  numerous  changes  were  made  without 
a  formal  abrogation  of  the  covenants  of  1807  and  1825. 

Hon.  Abraham  B.  Ilasbrouck  accepted  the  Presidency,  and  a  season  of 
rapid  development  followed.     The  faculty  was  enlarged  by  the  appointment 


344  THE    INSTITUTIONS. 

of  Wm.  H.  Crosby,  A.M.,  Adjunct  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages,  and 
of  P.  J.  G.  Hodenpyl,  Professor  of  Modern  Languages.  The  former  be- 
came the  first  professor  of  Latin,  in  1846,  the  Greek  language  and  situa- 
tion being  retained  by  Dr.  Proudfit,  who  succeeded  Professor  Ogilby  in 
1840.  A  necessity  was  soon  felt  for  more  lecture-rooms,  and  through  the 
efforts  of  the  alumni  a  building  was  erected  for  the  use  of  the  literary 
societies  and  other  purposes,  west  of  the  old  edifice,  and  named  Van  Nest 
Hall,  in  honor  of  services  rendered  in  the  past.  A  residence  for  the  Presi- 
dent was  also  built,  and  a  fund  secured  for  his  support,  making  the  entire 
endowment  over  fifty  thousand  dollars. 

These  efforts  did  not  attract  the  patronage  of  the  public,  as  neighboring 
colleges  offered  still  greater  advantages.  The  interest  of  the  denomination 
was  destroyed  by  the  appeals  for  further  assistance,  and  the  acknowledg- 
ments of  imperfection  in  the  course  of  study,  which  were  annually  made  by 
the  Trustees ;  and  their  continued  presentation  of  claims  generally  consider- 
ed to  have  been  cancelled  by  the  resolution  of  1840  awakened  provocation 
as  well  as  surprise.  The  impatience  was  increased  by  the  evident  failure 
of  the  College  to  supply  students  for  the  Seminary,  after  the  influence  of 
the  revival  of  1837  ceased.  In  1847-8,  the  Synod  published  strictures 
upon  the  course  of  study  adopted  by  the  Trustees,  and  expressed  a  desire 
for  complete  separation.  During  the  investigation  which  followed,  it  was 
discovered  that  the  transfer  of  the  theological  fund  in  1828,  was  merely 
nominal,  the  Board  of  Directors  having  bound  the  Synod  to  use  its  income 
for  the  support  of  a  theological  professorship  in  Rutgers  College.  The 
Trustees  appear  to  have  claimed  the  restoration  of  this  fund,  as  a  condi- 
tion of  the  separation  which  the  church  had  so  frequently  attempted, 
although  for  ten  years  they  had  ignored  the  existence  of  any  such  Professor- 
ship, and  afterward  hesitated  to  revive  it.  Fear  of  losing  this  $10,000 
seems  to  have  changed  the  policy  of  the  Synod.  The  covenant  of  1807 
had  been  indirectly  abolished  in  1840,  and  the  Theological  Professors  re- 
lieved from  literary  duties.  But  the  report  adopted  in  1850,  while  re- 
affirming the  resolution  of  1840,  admitted  the  continued  eflBcacy  of  the  cove- 
nant of  1807,  and  the  obligation  of  the  Seminary  Professors  to  lecture  in  the 
College.  By  this  action  the  Synod  acknowledged  itself  to  be  without  any 
voice  in  the  government  of  the  literary  department,  and  yet  bound  to  keep 
a  part  of  the  College  building  in  repair  for  its  convenience,  to  furnish  gratui- 
tous instruction  in  the  Evidences  of  Christianity,  Moral  and  Mental  Philoso- 
phy, and  to  pay  tuition  fees  for  its  beneficiaries,  without  being  at  liberty 
to  place  them  in  other  institutions.  The  only  request  presented  by  the  Synod, 
(1850,)  to  the  Trustees,  was  for  the  election  of  Dr.  Van  Vranken  as  a  Profes- 
sor of  Theology  in  the  College.  {M.  G.  S.  viii.  89,  5.)  The  Trustees  were 
satisfied  and  hoped  that  no  change  would  be  made.  President  Hasbrouck 
resigned  during  the  controversy  which  preceded  the  establishment  of  these 
peculiar  relations.  The  vacancy  was  filled  by  the  election  of  Theodore 
Frelinghuysen,  a  family  connection,  but  not  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  Do- 
mine  at  Albany,  who  projected  the  establishment  of  an  academy  in  1755. 


THE    INSTITUTIONS.  846 

Several  other  changes  followed  at  short  intervals.  Dr.  McClelland  vras  suc- 
ceeded by  Dr.  Campbell,  in  1851 ;  Dr.  Cannon  by  Dr.  Ludlow,  in  1852  ;  Prof. 
Beck  by  Dr.  George  II.  Cook,  in  1853  ;  and  Wm.  Irvin  was  elected  to  the 
Professorship  of  Latin,  which  had  been  vacant  for  several  years. 

The  Trustees  had  learned  the  inexpediency  of  applying  to  the  Synod  for 
aid  in  meeting  their  annual  expenses,  and,  in  1850,  the  clause  of  the  cov- 
enant of  1825,  which  obliged  the  Synod  to  supply  all  deficiencies  in  the 
salaries  of  the  literary  Professors,  was  admitted  to  be  repealed.  They 
immediately  attcmped  to  increase  the  endowment  $10,000,  by  offering 
scholarships  for  ^500  each,  and  met  with  considerable  success.  Their  ac- 
commodations were  improved  by  the  removal  of  the  Seminary  to  the  newly- 
erected  Ilertzog  Hall.  Changes  in  the  Board  of  Trustees  led  to  a  complete 
change  in  the  character  of  the  faculty.  Several  of  the  Professors  were  re- 
tired, and  younger  men  elected.  In  ISCO,  Dr.  Van  Vranken  was  the  only 
Professor  remaining  of  those  who  welcomed  Frelinghuysen  to  the  Presi- 
dency in  1850.  A  new  Professorship  of  English  Literature  was  given  to 
Rev.  John  Forsyth,  D.D.  The  facilities  for  instruction  in  the  natural  sciences 
were  increased,  and  greater  prominence  given  to  their  study.  The  number 
of  students  was  considerably  increased  by  the  revival  of  1857,  the  classes 
of  1800  and  18G2  being  the  largest  that  have  yet  been  graduated.  The 
cotemporancous  increase  of  attendance  at  the  scminarj'  led  to  another  un- 
successful attempt  for  the  relief  of  the  Theological  Professors.  At  length 
the  inability  of  the  College  to  stand  alone  was  removed  by  the  earnest 
efforts  of  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Campbell,  who  succeeded  Mr.  Frelinghuysen  in  18G2. 
•A  plan  of  raising  $100,000,  for  salaries  alone,  in  scholarships  of  $100  or 
more,  was  carried  out ;  a  Collegiate  Church  Professorship  of  Rhetoric,  Logic, 
and  Mental  Philosophy  was  established,  to  the  relief  of  the  Professor  of 
Church  History  ;  and  the  duties  of  the  Theological  Professor  assigned  to 
the  President.  The  College  building  was  re-transferred  to  the  trustees  for 
$12,000,  on  the  conditions  that  it  shall  not  be  used  for  other  than  coUegiato 
purposes,  and  that  the  President  and  three  fourths  of  the  Trustees  shall 
always  be  members  in  full  communion  of  the  Reformed  Church.  In  1865, 
the  trustees  applied  for  the*  abrogation  of  the  covenant  of  1807.  The  Synod 
relinquished  the  right  of  appointing  the  Professor  of  Theology,  and  the 
college  entered  on  a  new  era  of  independence  and  prosi^erity.  It  had 
already  accumulated,  from  the  benefactions  of  the  denomination,  in  great 
part,  real  estate,  valued  at  $75,000,  and  an  endowment  of  about  $250,000. 
It  had  in  this  time  educated  276  young  men  for  the  Seminary,  nearly  half 
of  whom,  perhaps,  were  beneficiaries.  For  these  latter,  the  educational 
funds  had  paid  tuition  fees,  (1839-1865,)  when  the  trustees  remitted  their 
further  payment.  From  1817-1825,  while  the  Seminary  alone  was  in  opera- 
tion, the  average  number  of  licentiates  per  annum  was  six  and  five  ninths. 
From  1826-18G5,  it  was  nine  and  seven  eighths.  In  the  former  period  the 
educational  funds  of  the  church  were  very  small,  the  Van  Bunsshoten  fund 
being  but  slightly  productive.  In  the  latter,  a  Board  of  Education  was  or- 
ganized, and  beneficiaries  multiplied. 


346  THE   INSTITUTIONS. 

RUTGERS   COLLEGE,   ENTIRELY   INDEPENDENT, 

The  influence  of  a  clerical  President  may  already  be  seen.  The  course  of 
study  has  become  in  the  past  few  years  most  thoroughly  adapted  to  those 
who  have  the  ministry  in  view.  Elocution,  which  was  so  long  neglected,  re- 
ceives careful  attention,  and  an  attempt  is  being  made  to  give  elementary 
instruction  in  Hebrew  and  New  Testament  Greek.  A  system  of  biblical 
recitations,  also  guards  the  student  from  dangerous  errors,  in  morals  and 
faith.  The  prosperity  of  the  College  is  thus  an  object  of  increasing  interest 
to  our  denomination.  Its  contiguity  to  the  seminary  promises  to  yield  greater 
accessions  to  the  ministry  than  the  numberless  resolutions  of  Synods  and 
Trustees,  pursuing  an  impracticable  plan.  Its  claims  to  general  patronage 
have  not  been  affected  by  these  changes.  The  faculty  has  recently  been  en- 
larged by  the  appointment  of  Geo.  "W.  Atherton,  A.M.,  as  Professor  of 
History,  Political  Economy,  and  Constitutional  Law. 

A  scientific  school  was  organized  in  1864,  and  designated  by  the  Legisla- 
ture of  New-Jersey,  "  The  State  College  for  the  Benefit  of  Agriculture  and 
the  Mechanic  Arts,"  provided  for  by  an  act  of  Congress  in  1862.  It  was 
opened  in  1866.  Two  courses  of  study,  one  in  civil  engineering  and  mathe- 
matics, the  other  in  chemistry  and  agriculture,  have  been  adopted,  with  the 
approval  of  the  Board  of  Superintendents  appointed  by  the  State.  An  ob- 
servatory has  been  built  for  the  practical  study  of  astronomy,  and  a  farm 
of  one  hundred  acres  purchased  for  the  illustration  and  development  of  ag- 
ricultural science.  The  number  of  students  is  increasing.  Dr.  Cook,  the 
State  geological  surveyor,  who  has  recently  published  The  Geology  of  the 
State  of  WeiD- Jersey ,  has  been  elected  Professor  of  Agriculture,  Colonel  J. 
H.  Kellogg,  Professor  of  Engineering  and  Military  Superintendent,  and 
John  0.  Smock,  Professor  of  Mining  and  Metallurgy.  AV.  H.  P. 

Trustees  appointed  hy  the  Charter, 
William  Franklin,  Esq.,  Governor  or  Commander-in-Chief,  of  the  Colony  of 

New-Jersey,  ex  officio. 
Hon.  Peter  Kemble,  President  of  the  Council  of  New-Jersey,  ex  officio. 
Hon.  Frederick  Smyth,  Chief-Justice,  "        "  "        " 

Hon.  Cortlandt  Skinner,  Attorney-General       "        "  "        " 

Of  New-Jersey. 

Sir  William  Johnson,  Baronet,  Eev.  (Johannes)  Martinus  Van  Harliu- 

Eev.  Johannes  H.  Goetschius,  gin, 

"     Johannes  Leydt,  Eev.  Jacob  R.  Hardenbergh, 

"     David  Maurinus,  "    William  Jackson 

Of  New-YorJc. 

Rev.  Samuel  Verbryk,  Rev.  Eilardus  Westerlo, 

"    Barent  Vrooman,  "    John  Schuremau. 

"    (Johannes)  Maurice  Goetschius, 

Of  Pennsylvania. 
Rev.  Philip  Wyberg,  Rev.  Jonathan  Dubois. 


TUE   INSTITUTIONS. 


347 


Hendrick  Fisher, 
Peter  Zabriskio 
Peter  Ilascnclever, 
Peter  Schenck, 


Simon  Jolinson, 
Philip  Livingston, 
Johannes  Hardcnbergh, 
Abraham  Hasbrouck, 
John  Brinckorhoff, 
Nicholas  Stillwell, 
Martinus  Hoflman, 
Jacob  H.  Ten  Eyck, 


Of  New-Jersey. 

Tennis  Dey, 
Philip  French, 
John  Covenhoven, 
Henricus  Kuypcr. 

Of  New-York. 

Theodorus  Van  Wyck, 
Abraham  Lott, 
Robert  Livingston, 
Levi  Pauling, 
John  Haring, 
Isaac  Vrooman, 
Barnardus  Ryder. 


Present  Board  of  Trustees. 
Ex  Officio. 
His  Excellency,  Theodore  F.  Randolph,  Governor  of  the  State  of  New-Jersey. 
Hon.  Mercer  Beasley,  LL.D.,  Chief-Justice  "    "        "      "      "        " 

Hon.  George  W.  Robeson,  Attorney-General  "    "        "      "      "        " 


By  Election. 


NAMES. 

Rev.  WUliam  H,  Campbell,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
"William  Van  Deursen,  M.D., 
Rev.  James  B.  Hardenbergh,  D.D., 
Hon.  Peter  D.  Vroom,  LL.D., 

"    A.  Bruyn  Hasbrouck,  LL.D., 
Rev.  Thomas  De  Witt,  D.D., 

"    Abraham  Messier,  D.D., 

"    Gustavus  Abeel,  D.D., 

"    Thomas  E.  Vermilye,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
Hon.  Peter  Vredenburg, 
John  Hopper,  Esq., 
Hon.  Fred.  T.  Frelinghuysen,  LIj.D., 
J.  Romeyn  Brodhead,  LL.D., 
Maurice  E.  Viele,  Esq., 
Charles  W.  Swift,  Esq., 
Hon.  Robert  H.  Pruyn,  LL.D., 
Jumes  Suydam,  Esq., 
Peter  S.  Duryee,  Esq., 
Rev.  Benjamin  C.  Taylor,D.D., 

"    David  D.  Demarcst,  D.D., 

"     Thomas  C.  Strong,  D.D., 
Joeph  P.  Bradley,  LL.D., 
Hon.  John  A.  Lott,  LL.D., 
David  Bishop,  Esq., 
Rev.  Francis  ^L  Kipp,  D.D., 


RESIDENCE.  DATE  OF  ELECTION. 

New-Brunswick,     Sept.  16, 1863. 


New-York  City, 
Trenton, 
Kingston,  N.  T., 
New- York  City, 

Somerville, 

Newark, 

New-York  City, 

Freehold, 

Paterson, 

Newark, 

New- York  City, 

Albany,  N.  Y., 

Poughkeepsie,  N.Y.,  " 

Albany,  N.  Y., 

New-York  City, 

Newark, 

Bergen, 

New-Brunswick, 

Ithaca,  N.  Y., 

Newark, 

Flatbush,  N.  Y., 

New-Brunswick, 

Fishkill.  N.  Y., 


Nov.  14, 1823. 
Dec.  5,  1825. 
July  15,  1828. 
July  17, 1837. 
April  7,  1840. 
July  22,  1845. 


July  24, 1849. 

U  C(  iC 

July  22,  1851. 
July  21,  1851. 
April  12, 1853. 
July  27,  1853. 


Sept.  29,    " 

July  1,  1857. 

April  13, 1857. 
((     ((      It 

June  29,    " 
>(        «    (( 

Oct.  6, 1860. 


348  THE   INSTITUTIONS. 

Henry  L.  Janeway,  Esq.,  New-Brunswick,  April  8, 1863. 

Rev.  Jolm  H.  Manning,  D.D.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  June  16, 1863. 

Edward  L.  Brayton,  Esq.,  Utica,             "  "      "      " 

Johnson  Letson,  Esq.,  New-Brunswick,  "      "       " 

A.  O.  Zabriskie,  LL.D.,  Jersey  City,  "      "      « 

Rev.  Garret  C.  Schanck,  Marlboro,  Aprilll,1866. 

James  A.  "Williamson,  Esq.,  Jersey  City,  "    "      " 

Stafford  R.  W.  Heath,    "  Newark,  "    "      « 

Jacob  W.  Jewett,  Esq.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.Y.,   "    "      " 

Rev.  Talbot.  W.  Chambers,  D.D.,  New-York  City,  June  17, 1868. 

Presidents. 
Rev.  Jacob  R.  Hardenbergh,  D.D.,  appointed,  1771 ;  died,  1790. 
Rev,  John  H.  Livingston,  D.D.,  S.T.P.,  appointed,  1810  ;  died,  1825. 
Rev.  Philip  MiUedoler,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  S.T.P.,  appointed  1835 ;  resigned, 
1840. 
Hon.  A.  Bruyn  Hasbrouck,  LL.D.,  appointed,  1840  ;  resigned,  1850. 
Hon.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  LL.D.,  appointed,  1850 ;  died,  1863. 
Rev.  Wm.  H.  Campbell,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  appointed,  1863. 

Vice-Presidents. 

APPOINTED. 

1809.  Rev.  L-a  Condict,  D.D.,  deceased,  1811. 
1811.  Rev.  John  Schureman,  D.D.,  college  suspended,  1816. 
1833.  Rev.  Jacob  J.  Janeway,  D.D.,  resigned,  1838. 
1861.  George  H.  Cook,  Ph.D.,  LL.D. 

Professors. 

1771.  John  Taylor,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philoso- 
phy ;  resigned,  1793. 

1809.  Rev.  Ira  Condict,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy ;  deceased, 
1811. 

1809.  Robert  Adrain,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  ;  resigned,  1813. 

1811.  Rev.  John  Schureman,  D.D.,  S.T.P.,  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy 
and  Belles  Lettres ;  college  suspended,  1816. 

1813.  Henry  Vethake,  A.M.,  Professor  of  Mathematics ;  vacated,  1814. 

1814.  Rev.  Cornelius  C.  Vermeule,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Languages ;  resigned, 
1815. 

1835.  Rev.  Philip  MiUedoler,  D.D.,  S.T.P.,  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy  ; 
resigned,  1840. 

1835.  Rev.  Wm.  C.  Brownlee,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Languages ;  resigned, 
1836. 

1835.  Rev.  Selah  Woodhull,  D.D.,  S.T.P.,  Professor  of  Metaphysics  and 
Mental  Philosophy,  deceased,  1836. 

1835.  Rev.  Jno.  De  Witt,D.D.,  S.T.P.,  Professor  of  Belles  Lettres,  Elements  of 
Criticism,  and  Logic ;  deceased,  1831. 

1835.  Robert  Adrain,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Mathematics ;  resigned,  1839. 

1836.  Rev.  James  S.  Cannon,  D.D.,  S.T.P.,  Professor  of  Metaphysics  and 
Mental  Philosophy ;  deceased,  1853. ' 


TUE  INSTITUTIONS.  349 

1826.  Joseph  Nelson,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Languages  ;  resigned,  1829. 

1827.  Theodore  Strong,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Phi 
losophy ;  emeritus,  1859. 

1829.  Rev.  Alexander  McClelland,  D.D.,  S.T  P.,  Professor  of  Languages ; 
resigned,  1832. 

1830.  Lewis  C.  Beck,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Natural  History  ; 
deceased,  1853. 

1832.  Ecv.  Jno.  D.  Ogilby,  A.M.,  Professor  of  the  Latin  and  Greek  Lan- 
guages ;  resigned,  1840. 

1833.  Rev.  Alexander  McClelland,  D.D.,  S.T.P.  Professor  of  Oriental  Lit- 
erature ;  resigned,  1861. 

1833.  Rev.  Jacob  J.  Janeway,  Professor  of  Evidences  of  Christianity, 
Political  Economy,  Belles  Lettres,  etc.  resigned,  1839. 

1840.  lion.  A.  Bruyn  Hasbrouck,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Constitutional  and 
International  Law,  Political  Economy,  Rhetoric,  and  Belles  Lettres;  resigned, 
1850. 

1840.  Rev.  John  Proudfit,  D.D.,  Professor  of  the  Latin  and  Greek  Lan- 
guages ;  resigned,  1845. 

1841.  Vniliam  H.  Crosby,  A.M.,  Adjunct  Professor  of  the  Latin  and 
Greek  Languages,  resigned,  1845. 

1841.  Rev.  Sarc.uel  A.  Van  Vranken,  D.D.,  S.T.P.,  Professor  of  Evidences  of 
Christianity  and  Logic ;  deceased,  1861. 

1841.  P.  J.  G.  Hodcnpyl,  Professor  of  Modem  Languages;  resigned,  1846. 

1845.  Rev.  John  Proudfit,  D.D.,  Professor  of  the  Greek  Language  and  Lit- 
erature ;  vacated,  1859. 

1845.  Wm.  H.  Crosby,  A.M.,  Professor  of  the  Latin  Language  and  Litera- 
ture ;  resigned,  1849. 

1846.  Rev.  Charles  R.  Von  Romondt,  Professor  of  Modern  Languages ;  re- 
signed, 1859. 

1850.  Hon.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  International  and 
Constitutional  Law,  and  Moral  Philosophy ;  deceased,  1862. 

1851.  Rev.  William  H.  Campbell,  D.D.,S.T.P.,  Professor  of  Rhetoric  ;  re- 
signed, 1859. 

1852.  John  Ludlow,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  S.T.P.,  Professor  of  Mental  Philosophy  ; 
deceased,  1857. 

1853.  Geo.  H.  Cook,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Natural 
Science. 

1854.  William  Irvin,  A.M.,  Professor  of  the  Latin  Language  and  Litera- 
ture ;  vacated,  1859. 

1857.  Rev.  S.  M.  Woodbridge,  D.D.,  S.T.P.,  Professor  of  Mental  Philoso- 
phy ;  resigned,  1864. 

1859.  Rev.  Howard  Crosby,  D.D.,  Professor  of  the  Greek  Language  and 
Literature  ;  resigned,  1863. 

1859.  T.  Romeyn  Beck,  A.M.,  Professor  of  the  Latin  Language  and  Lite- 
rature ;  resigned,  1860. 

1859.  Marshal  Hcnshaw,  A.M.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  ;  resigned,  1863. 

1859.  Gustavus  Fisher,  Professor  of  Modern  Languages  and  Literature. 

1860.  Rev.  John  Forsyth,  D.D.,  Professor  of  the  English  Language  and 
Literature ;  resigned,  1863. 


350  THE   INSTITUTIONS. 

1860.  Eev.  De  Witt  T.  Reiley,  A.M.,  Professor  of  fhe  Latin  Language  and 
Literature,  and  Rector  of  Grammar  School. 

1861.  Rev.  Joseph  F.Berg,  D.D.,  S.T.P.,  Professor  of  Evidences  of  Christian- 
ity ;  resigned,  1867. 

1863.  Rev.  Wm.  H.  Campbell,  D.D.,  S.T.P.,  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy . 
1863.  Rev.  David  Cole,  A.M.,  Professor  of  the  Greek  Language  and  Lit- 
erature ;  resigned,  1866. 

1863.  David  Murray,  A.M.,  Professor  of  Mathematics,  Natural  Philosophy, 
and  Astronomy. 

1864.  Rev.  T.  S.  Doolittle,  Professor  of  Rhetoric,  Logic,  and  Mental  Philos- 
ophy. 

1865.  Luther  H.  Tucker,  A.M.,  Professor  of  Agriculture  ;  resigned,  1866. 

1866.  Rev.  Jacob  Cooper,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of  the   Greek  Language  and 
Literature. 

1866.  Col.  Josiah  H.  Kellogg,  Brevet  Major,  U.  S.  A.,  Professor  of  Engineer- 
ing and  Military  Superintendent. 

1867.  Rev.  Wm.  H.  Campbell,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of    Evidences  of 
Christianity. 

1867.  George  H.  Cook,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of  Agriculture. 

1869.  John  Conover  Smock,  Professor  of  Mining  and  Metallurgy. 

1868.  Geo.  W.  Atherton,  A.M.,  Professor  of  History,  Political  Economy, 
and  Constitutional  Law. 


HOPE  COLLEGE,  AT  HOLLAND,   MICHIGAN. 

The  extension  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  the  West,  especially  by  the 
large  immigration  of  Hollanders  about  184G-7,  early  suggested  the  impor- 
tance of  educational  institutions  in  that  section  of  our  land.  Indeed,  as 
early  as  1843,  this  subject  was  a  matter  of  synodical  deliberation.  In  1848 
the  exhaustive  report  on  the  state  of  the  church,  made  by  Rev.  James 
Romeyn,  brought  the  topic  again  to  public  attention.  A  civil  and  parochial 
school  had  already  been  started  in  the  new  Holland  settlement,  chiefly 
through  the  care  of  Rev.  Dr.  Van  Raalte,  soon  after  colonization.  In  1850, 
this  was  taken  partially  under  the  care  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions, 
and  some  funds  furnished  it  from  the  east,  and  a  higher  character  given  to 
it.  The  next  year,  Mr.  W.  W.  Taylor,  of  Geneva,  New-York,  took  charge 
of  it.  Two  years  later,  the  whole  enterprise  was  placed  under  the  care  of  the 
Board  of  Education.  In  1854  some  of  its  students  passed  into  Rutgers  College. 
Mr.  Taylor  was  now  succeeded  by  Rev.  F.  P.  Beidler,  who  also  preached 
in  English.  In  1855,  Rev.  John  Van  Vleck  was  appointed  Principal  of  the 
Holland  Academy  and  missionary  preacher  in  the  colony,  and  a  couple  of 
years  after,  a  building  was  erected  on  grounds  donated  by  Dr.  Van  Raalte. 
Mr.  Abraham  Thompson  was  also  appointed  this  year  as  an  additional  in- 
structor. 

Rev.  Giles  Van  De  Wall  succeeded  Mr.  Thompson  in  1858,  while  Mr. 
Van  Vleck  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Philip  Phelps,  Jr.,  the  following  year, 


THE  INSTITUTIONS.  351 

whose  cfTorts  soon  increased  the  property  of  the  institution.  In  ISfil,  by 
the  resignation  of  Mr.  Van  l)c  AVall,  Mr.  Phelps  ■was  loft  alone  for  two 
years.  In  this  interval,  however,  a  gymnasium  was  built  by  the  students, 
and  the  freshmen  class  of  the  nascent  college  was  formed,  while  the  missionary 
work  connected  with  the  institution  resulted  in  the  organization  of  Hope 
Church.  Synod  approved  the  forming  of  a  collegiate  department  in  1803, 
and  appointed  a  Board  of  Superintendents  over  it.  The  following  year, 
Synod  recommended  the  germinal  College  to  the  churches  for  an  endowment. 
Efforts  to  collect  funds  were  begun  among  the  llolhindcrs.  Revs.  P.  J. 
Oggel,  and  T.  Romeyn  Beck,  having  been  appointed  Professors  in  the  fall 
of  18C3,  entered  on  their  duties  in  January,  IBC-i,  and  the  following  year, 
to  facilitate  the  work  of  endowment.  Rev.  J.  M.  Ferris  temporarily  ac- 
cepted a  Professorship,  in  addition  to  the  missionary  charge  at  Grand  Rap- 
ids. Pr.  Phelps,  in  the  mean  time,  commenced  a  systematic  plan  for  the 
endowment  of  the  institution. 

This  institution  was  duly  incorporated  as  Hope  College,  in  May,  1866,  and 
the  following  July  Dr.  Phelps  was  inaugurated  as  its  first  President.  The 
same  month  the  first  class  was  graduated,  and  was  permitted  to  begin 
theological  studies  at  this  institution.  Revs.  Charles  Scott  and  Cornelius 
E.  Crispell  were  appointed  additional  Professors.  The  following  year.  Dr. 
Tan  Raalte  gave  them  a  valuable  tract  of  land  within  the  city  limits,  while 
a  beautiful  peninsula  of  nearly  nine  hundred  acres  was  purchased  as  a 
financial  basis,  and  for  the  establishment  of  a  scientific  school.  Their  lots, 
buildings,  and  fixtures  are  now  valued  at  more  than  $25,000,  while  the 
present  valuation  of  real  estate,  for  the  market,  is  $15,000,  and  their  en- 
dowment approaches  $50,000,  besides  many  outstanding  pledges.  A  pro- 
posal was  made  to  the  Synod  of  1868  to  allow  this  institution  to  become  a 
university  under  the  title  of  "  Hope  Haven  University,"  which  proposition 
is  now  pending. 

President. 
Rev.  Philip  Phelps,  D.D.,  also  Professor  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Philoso- 
phy. 

Professors. 
gev.  Peter  John  Oggel,  A.M.,  of  Sacred  Literature. 
Rev.  Theodorick  Romeyn  Beck,  A.M.,  of  Latin  and  Greek  Language  and 

Literature. 
Rev.  Charles  Scott,  A.M.,  of  Chemistry  and  Natural  History. 
Rev.  Cornelius  Eltinge  Crispell,  D.D.,  of  Mathematics,  Natural  Philosophy, 
and  Astronomy. 

of  Logic,  Rhetoric,  and  English  Literature. 

Cornelius  Doesburg,  Tutor  in  Modem  Languages. 


352  THE    INSTITUTIONS. 

THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARIES. 

PRELIMINARY    METHODS. 

The  desire  to  educate  young  men  for  the  ministry  in  this  country  was 
the  cause  of  an  unhappy  strife.  (Historical  Introduction.)  The  church 
had  been  accustomed  to  receive  most  of  her  ministers  from  Europe.  In 
1658  the  first  young  man  went  from  this  country  to  Holland  to  be  educated 
and  ordained.  (Megapolensis,  S.)  The  number  which  took  this  trouble  was 
comparatively  few.  As  far  as  appears,  there  were  not  more  than  a  dozen 
up  to  the  year  1770.*  Prior  to  this  date,  about  seventy  ministers  had 
come  to  America,  to  oflQciate  in  the  Hollandish  branch  of  the  Reformed 
Church,  and  about  the  same  number  to  officiate  in  the  German  branch^ 
The  Coetus  and  the  American  Classis,  during  their  day,  (1747-71,)  licensed 
about  a  dozen  young  menf  to  preach  the  Gospel,  while  the  Conferentie 
licensed  but  a  single  one.f  Boehm  had  been  ordained  in  1729,  and  Schuyler 
in  173G,  by  special  permission  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  which  stimu- 
lated the  desire  for  an  American  judicatory,  asked  for  the  next  year. 
Goetschius  had  been  ordained  by  the  Presbyterian  Synod  of  Philadelphia, 
in  1737,  for  the  German  Reformed  Church,  and  a  year  later,  his  son,  J.  H. 
Goetschius,  had  been  ordained  on  individual  responsibility,  (Goetscqius, 
J.  H.,)  but  reordained  ten  years  later  ;  while  John  Van  Driessen  had  gone 
to  New-Haven  for  ordination,  as  early  as  1727.  Morgan  had  officiated  at 
Freehold,  (1709-1731,)  for  the  Dutch,  in  connection  with  a  Scotch  Presby- 
terian church,  he  remaining  a  member  of  the  Presbytery  of  Philadelphia. 
The  young  men  who  had  studied  in  this  country,  previous  to  1770,  had 
found  their  preceptors  chiefly  in  Erickzon,  the  Frelinghuysens,  Goetschius, 
Leydt,  Hardenbergh,  and  Westerlo.  Ritzema  and  Kails  were  the  pre- 
ceptors of  the  only  Conferentie  student.  In  each  case  of  licensure  in  this 
country,  special  permission  was  required  from  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam, 
These  applications  also  were  sometimes  refused. 

But  while  the  Coetus  party  was  struggling  for  independent  American 
judicatories,  and  contemplating  how  to  form  regular  educational  institutions, 
the  opponents  to  their  plans  procured  the  insertion  of  a  clause  in  the  char- 
ter of  King's,  (now  Columbia)  College,  giving  the  Consistory  of  the  Church 
in  New-York  the  right  to  appoint  a  Professor  of  Theology  in  that  institu- 
tion. Ritzema  was  then  a  director,  and  many  of  his  friends  wished  him  to 
be  appointed.  His  colleague  at  this  time  was  De  Ronde.  The  Classis  of 
Amsterdam  also  signified  their  assent  to  this  plan  of  a  professorship,  and 
encouraged  it  for  several  years. 

In  the  mean  time  the  Rev.  Theodore  Frelighuysen  had  been  delegated  to 
^^11'     go  to  Holland  by  the  Coetus  party,  to  solicit  funds  to  found  an  academy  or 

*  Megapolensis,  S. ,  Bertholf,  Fryenmoet,  four  of  the  Frelinghuysens,  Komeyn,  T.,  Scliune- 
man,  Vrooman,  Van  Harlingen,  and  Livingston,  who  fitly  terminated  the  custom. 

t  Licensed  by  the  Coetus :  Vanderlinde,  Leydt,  Verbyck,  Goetschius,  Barcolo,  Harden- 
bergh, Marinus.  By  the  American  Classis :  Frelinshuysen,  H.,  Van  Nist,  Du  Bois,  B.,  Eo- 
meyn,  D.,  and  Schoonmakers,  H.  and.  M. 

t  By  the  Conferentie :  Lydekker. 


nri 


THE   INSTITUTIONS.  353 

seminarj',  in  which  should  be  taught  both  the  arts  and  theology.  They 
wore  encouraged  to  this  step  by  the  liberal  aid  which  Schlatter  had  received 
in  Europe,  to  support  the  German  churches.  (Sciilattek.)  Probably  the 
formal  organization  of  the  Confcrontie  delayed  his  departure,  but  four  ^xj?*- 
years  later  he  attempted  to  carry  out  the  plans  of  Coctus.  The  following 
was  his  commission : 

OMNIBUS    HAS    LITERAS    LECTURIS,    SALUTEM    IN   DOMINO. 

Quia  expediens  est,  ad  <iloriam  Dei  summi  numinis,  salutemque  generis 
humani  conduccns,  in  illis  Torrae  finibus  nupere  inhabitatis,  seminaria  vera; 
sophiae,  demum  sequsB  doctrina)  erigere,  ut  filiorum  hominxuu  sapientia 
virtuto,  infucataque  pietate  imbucrentur  :  Idea  nos,  pastores,  et  Presbyteri 
Refonuatae  Ecclesiae  utriusque  provincife,  nempe  Novo  Eboraco,  et  Cesarien- 
eis  in  America  Boreali,  pacto  internos  unitate  foederis,  in  coetu  congregati 
concludimus  in  hisce  temporibus  criticis  summa  niti  ope,  in  timore  Dei, 
Academiam,  seminariumve  plantare  ad  juventutem  studiis  destinatam  in 
Unguis  doctis,  artibus  liberalibus,  scientiisque  philosopliicis  instituendam 
sitque  schola  Prophetarum  in  qua  juveniles  Levitae,  et  Nazarei  Dei  ad  sacrum 
ministeriale  munus  in  ecclesia  Dei  obeundum  preparentur.  Enimvero  dum 
regio  nostra  adhuc  nova  est,  et  non  tanto  sere  praedita  est,  quantum  ad  opus 
praescriptum  requiritur,  ideo  magnopere  petimus  ab  omnibus  bene  dispositis, 
imploramusque  eos  velint  nobis  argenti  succurrere  manu  dando  aliquid  ad 
promotionem  magni,  et  maxime  necessarii  operia  suscepti.  Et  nos  delega- 
mus,  et  auctoritate  liisce  Uteris  munimus  Reverendum  Dominum  Theodorujn 
Frelingbuysen,  Albaniensis  ecclesiae  Reformatae  Pastorem  fidelissimum,  peti- 
tionem  nostram  humillimam,  ubicunque  Providentia  Dei  viam  pandet,  pro- 
.  ferrc,  rationos  ponderosas  huj us  propositi  plenius  explicare,  dona  accipere, 
et  in  omnibus  sic  agere  ut  illi  utile,  et  necessarium  videbitur  ad  promo- 
tionem rei  predictae,  daturus  fratribus  unitate  fsederatis  de  omnibus  accura- 
tam  rationem.  Oramus  igitur,  velit  Deus  OmnisuflBciens  iter  suum  trans 
Oceanum  felix,  et  prosperum  reddere,  animos,  et  manus  bene  dispositorum 
aperrire,  et  eorum  dona  nobis  collata  largiter  remimerare  in  hoc,  et  in  seculo 
futiiro.  Actum  in  c^etuali  conventu  nostro  babito  Neo  Eboraco,  dietrigesimo 
mensis  Mail,  Anno  Domini  Nostri  Millesimo,  Septingentesimo,  Quinqua- 
gesimo  quinto. 

Ex  nomine,  et  auctoritate  totius  Coetus, 

Reinhardt  Ekickzon,  p.  t.  Praeses. 

Johannes  Leydt,  p.  t.  Scriba. 

Benjamin  Metn^ma. 

IlLPiANtrs  Van  Sinderen. 

Johannes  Henrictjs  Goetschius. 

J.  C.  Frtenmoet. 

Samuel  Ver  Bryck. 

David  Marinus. 

Bakent  Vrooman. 

Johannes  Schuneman. 

Thomas  Romeyn. 
fie  sailed  Oct.  10th,  1750,  but  he  never  returned,  and  his  fate  is  un. 
known.     (Frelinghuysen,  T.) 
23 


354  THE   INSTITUTIONS. 

Eight  years  later,  when  Mr.  J.  H.  Livingston  was  in  Holland  preparing 
1767.  for  the  ministry,  he  proposed  to  his  friends  in  America  that  both  the  con- 
tendinf  parties  should  fix  on  some  poor  but  sprightly  boy  and  send  him  to 
Holland,  to  be  specially  trained  for  a  professor  in  the  American  churches, 
(liberal  friends  in  Holland  promising  to  defray  the  expenses ;)  and  thus, 
ultimately,  perhaps  the  schism  might  be  healed  and  the  church<es  here 
supplied  with  a  satisfactory  ministry. 

But  soon  after  this  he  formed  the  acquaintance  of  Dr.  Witherspoon,  who 
had  been  called  from  Great  Britain  to  take  the  presidency  of  the  college  at 
Princeton,  and  M'ho  visited  Holland  before  embarking  for  America.  At- 
tempts were  now  made  to  secure  arrangements  for  the  education  of  a  min- 
istry for  the  Reformed  Church  at  the  Princeton  institutions,  but,  the  party 
leaders  in  America  objecting  to  the  proposition,  the  plan  failed. 

At  length,  when  a  union  of  the  two  parties  was  effected,  one  of  the  arti- 
1771,  cles  of  union  expressly  stipulated  that  one  or  more  Professors  of  Theology 
should  be  chosen  from  the  Netherlands  by  the  advice  of  the  Classis.  An- 
other article,  apparently  added  as  an  amendment,  stipulates  that  such  Pro- 
fessor should  have  no  connection  with  any  English  academies,  but  should 
deliver  lectures  on  theology,  etc.,  in  their  own  houses*  This  expression 
was  intended  to  destroy  every  thought  of  union,  not  only  with  the  Prince- 
ton institutions,  but  especially  with  King's  or  Queen'st  College,  as  a  Pro- 
fessorship in  either  of  these  latter  two  would  necessarily  have  had  a  parti- 
san appearance.  None  of  these  institutions,  not  even  Queen's,  is 
mentioned  by  name  in  the  articles  of  union.  Yet  young  men  were  only 
to  begin  their  theological  studies  upon  the  presentation  of  suitable  testimo- 
nials of  a  liberal  education. 

As  Synod  had  no  funds,  no  immediate  steps  were  taken  by  it  to  call  a 
Professor.  Some  of  the  principal  churches  in  the  North  yet  standing 
aloof  from  the  union,  it  was  feared  that  premature  action  might  endanger 
.the  prospects  of  the  theological  endowment.  The  disturbed  political  con- 
dition of  the  countrj"-  also  made  it  impossible  to  proceed,  so  that  the  Pro- 
fessorship was  not  really  established  till  the  close  of  the  Revolution.  In 
the  mean  time  Synod  advised  students  to  study,  at  their  own  convenience, 
with  Drs.  Livingston,  Westerlo,  Rysdyck,  Hardenbergh,  or  Goetschius. 
During  this  period  only  thirteen  students  were  licensed,  or  passed  into  the 
ministr3^J 

But  while  the  subject  of  the  Professorship  was  thus  pending,  the  trustees 

*  It  was  not  contemplated  that  tliey  should  have  a  pastoral  charge  at  the  same  time,  hut  a 
fund  was  to  be  raised  to  support  them.  It  was  also  enjomed  that  they  should  preach  every 
few  weeks  in  the  place  of  their  residence,  both  for  the  relief  of  the  minister,  and  to  afford  to 
the  student  an  example  of  a  well-composed  discourse. 

t  Queen's  College  could  be  called  an  English  institution,  because  its  records  and  all  its  busi- 
ness must  be  carried  on,  by  the  terms  of  the  charter,  in  the  English  language,  and  it  was  to 
have  an  English  department. 

X  Van  Voorhees,  Van  Bunschooten,  Goetschius,  J.  M.,  Van  Nest,  R.,  Froeligh,  S.,  Goet- 
schius, S.,DeWitt,  P.,  Leydt,  M.,  Lansing,  N.,  Van  Arsdale,  S.,  Blauvelt,  I.,  Duryee,  J.,and 
Romeyn,  T.  P.        - 


r.Ti. 


THE   INSTITUTIONS.  355 

of  Queen's  College  sought  to  carry  out  the  plans  of  the  Coelus  party,  by 
calling  Rev.  John  Brown,  of  Haddington,  England,  to  hccome  their  Profes- 
sor of  Divinity.  lie,  however,  declined.  Tiieir  funds  soon  after  this 
reached  the  sum  of  £4000.  They  sub.sequently  wrote  to  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam,  and  to  the  Theological  Faculty  at  Utrecht,  to  recommend  to 
them  a  Professor  of  Theology,  to  be  also  President  of  their  College,  and  a 
member  of  the  ecclesiastical  judicatories  in  America.  Synod  now  ventured 
to  indorse  this  action  of  the  Trustees,  (though  trenching  closely  on  the 
articles  of  union.)  virtually  promising  to  accept  their  Professor,  if  their 
plans  should  succeed.  Synod  also  now  wrote  to  the  Chassis  concerning 
their  action,  at  the  same  time  promising  the  Trustees  to  help  them  in  secur- 
ing funds  from  the  churches,  but  binding  the  Trustees,  by  the  forfeiture  of 
their  funds,  to  certain  congregations  to  be  named,  that  their  Professor  of 
Divinity  should  belong  to  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  in  fellowship  with 
the  Church  of  the  Netherlands.  The  Classis  responded  to  theconnnunica- 
tions  of  both  Synod  and  the  Trustees,  asking  for  further  information. 
Probably  this  attempted  union  made  them  suspect  the  existence  of  party 
spirit  yet  surviving.  The  Synod  also  betrays  anxiety  lest  their  conduct, 
in  ihe  expressive  language  of  their  own  minutes,  should  be  overliauled. 
The  next  year,  however,  the  Classis,  with  the  concurrence  of  the  Theologi- 
cal Faculty  at  Utrecht,  recommended  their  last  American  student.  Dr. 
Livingston,  as  the  Professor.  But  the  battle  of  Lexington  had  already 
been  fought,  and  the  subject  was  postponed. 

UNENDOWED     PUOFESSORSniPS. 

At  the  close  of  the  Revolution,  the  subject  of  the  Professorship  at  once 
occupied  the  attention  of  the  churches.  Dr.  Livingston  was  in  fovor  of 
having  a  Divinity  Hall  opened  in  New-Brunswick,  because  it  was  the  most 
central  place,  for  all  portions  of  the  Reformed  Church — the  Dutch  in  New- 
York  and  New-Jersey,  and  the  Germans  in  Pennsylvania.  The  idea  of  a 
Professorship  in  Columbia  College  he  considered  unwise;  he  would  have 
cordially  indorsed  a  union  with  the  Princeton  institutions,  but  believed 
that  prejudices  were  too  strong  to  effect  it.  He  expressed  the  ardent  wish 
that  all  the  churches  of  the  Reformed  Faith  might  be  united  in  one  grand 
national  body;  he  believed  it  to  be  practicable,  and  that  it  would  ulti- 
mately be  accomplished. 

But  the  Trustees  of  Queen's  College  now  found  themselves  without  funds. 
They  sought  again  the  patronage  of  the  church,  but  Synod  felt  inclined  to 
postpone  the  consideration  of  their  proposals.  The  Legislature  of  New- York  --0, 
had  just  passed  an  act  relative  to  the  establishment  of  a  University,  and  it 
was  thought  best  to  wait  for  further  developments.  The  church  of 
Schenectady  solicited  the  establishment  of  a  Seminary  in  that  place,  while 
Ilackensack  put  in  a  similar  plea,  especially  if  the  College  should  be  remov- 
ed from  New-Brunswick.  Synod  also  now  believed  that  the  Theological 
Professorship  would  and  ought  to  exist  alone,  without  connection  with  any 


17£3. 


356  THE    INSTITUTIONS. 

College.  Yet  they  felt  under  obligation,  since  the  institution  at  New-Bruns- 
wick had  been  partially  received  under  their  care,  that  it  should  have  their 
influence  in  reference  to  an  endowment,  and  exhorted  the  Trustees  to  keep 
it  alive.  They  also  encouraged  the  proposition  from  Schenectady,  believing 
that  a  college  there  would  not  conflict  with  the  institution  at  New-Bruns- 
wick, and  appointed  a  committee  to  assist  in  its  formation.  But  they  re- 
solved that  their  Theological  Professor  should  reside  in  New-York,  ajid  re- 
quested the  Consistory  of  the  Church  in  that  city  to  make  the  best  ar- 
rangement possible  with  him. 

In  October,  1784,  Dr.  J.  H.  Livingston  was  chosen  Professor  of  Theology, 
and  Dr.  H.  Meyer,  pastor  at  Totowa  and  Pompton  Plains,  Professor  of  Lan- 
guages. No  student  could  be  admitted  to  examination  for  licensure  without 
producing  a  certificate  from  Dr.  Livingston,  and  for  which,  as  a  suitable 
Tionorarium,  he  was  to  receive  five  pounds.  The  Church  of  New-York  was 
requested  to  relieve  the  Professor  of  part  of  his  services,  but  this  was  done, 
for  the  first,  twelve  years  later.  Dr.  Livingston  assumed  his  position  on 
the  nineteenth  day  of  May,  1785,  by  delivering  a  learned  and  elegant  ad- 
dress in  Latin,  on  "The  Truth  of  the  Christian  Religion,"  in  the  church  in 
Garden  street. 

But  the  expense  of  living  in  the  city  was  too  great  for  many  of  the  stu- 
dents, and  some  therefore  continued  to  prosecute  their  studies  under  their 
own  pastors,  or  other  ministers.  This  compelled  Synod,  in  two  years  after 
1786.  the  appointment  of  their  Professor,  to  appoint  a  suitable  Lector  in  Theology, 
and  all  were  exhorted  to  seek  instruction  from  the  Professor  or  the  Lector. 
Dr.  Meyer,  of  Pompton  Plains,  was  appointed  also  to  this  station. 

In  May,  1791,  for  the  first.  Synod  took  active  measures  to  attempt  to  raise 
a  fund  for  the  support  of  the  Professor.  He  had  as  yet  received  only  a  few 
7i07i07'aria,  from  students  who  were  able  to  pay,  and  Synod  had  paid  the 
same  for  a  few  others.*  It  was  therefore  proposed  that  a  subscription  should 
be  circulated  through  the  congregations,  that  the  moneys  should  be  paid 
semi-annually  in  six  installments,  and  should  be  deposited  as  a  capital  fund 
in  the  Bank  of  New-York,  or  some  National  Bank,  and  that  it' should  be  al- 
lowed to  accumulate  till  a  sufficient  fund  were  procured.  Mr.  Peter  Wilson, 
of  New-York,  was  made  the  agent  to  receive  the  funds,  and  the  Consistory  of 
the  Church  in  New- York  was  made  the  trustees  of  the  same.  This  action 
Qpt  alarmed  the  Trustees  of  Queen's  College,and  again  they  zealously  urged  their 
l'*^^*  institution  on  the  attention  of  Synod,  and  secured  a  postponement  of  the 
above  action.  They  requested  Synod  to  recommend  to  them  some  Profes- 
sor of  Theology,  to  be  also  President  of  their  College,  in  agreement  with  the 
expectations  excited  in  1773.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  confer  with 
them  in  reference  to  the  best  method  of  raising  funds,  but  Synod  declined 
for  the  present  to  recommend  a  Theological  Professor  to  them,  till  their  in- 
stitution was  properly  endowed.     The  next  year  two  new  Lectors  in  Theolo- 

*  Before  the  Professorate  was  established,  each  student,  in  general,  paid  five  pounds  for 
his  licensure,  and  the  church  receiving  a  licentiate  paid  fifteen  pounds,  to  Synod. 


THE    IXSTITUTIOXS.  357 

gy  were  appointed  for  the  convenience  and  economy  of  the  students,  name-     ^'^■ 
ly,  Solomon  Froeligh,  at  Ilackcnsack,  and  Dirck  Romeyn,  at  Schenectady. 

The  next  year  Synod  was  greatly  offended  because  the  Trustees  of  Queen's 
College  had  made  propositions  to  the  Trustees  of  the  College  at  Princeton, 
without  consulting  with  Synod  to  unite  with  them.  Synod  therefore  direct- 
ed that  any  ministers  having  funds  in  hand  for  Queen's  College,  should  re- 
serve them  till  further  directed,  and  all  action  for  the  endowment  of  a  Theo- 
logical Professor  in  that  institution  was  for  the  present  suspended.  The 
Classis  of  Ilackcnsack  also  now  complained  that  the  Synodical  Professor- 
ship had  been  constantl)-  interfered  with  through  the  distraction  occasioned 
by  the  propositions  of  the  Trustees,  and  that  if  a  Professorship  of  Theology 
■were  established  in  that  institution,  it  would  be  only  a  subordinate  oflice. 
They  urged  Synod  to  establish  a  professorial  school  at  once,  and  have  a 
Professor  to  devote  his  whole  time  to  it  alone.  Synod  agreed  with  the  Clas- 
sis of  Ilackcnsack,  and  lamented  that  various  advc;rse  circumstances  had 
frustrated  their  plans  from  time  to  time.  They  therefore  now  determined 
to  renew;  their  efforts  to  endow  an  independent  Theological  Professorship,  j^gg 
which  efforts  had  been  suspended  for  two  years  and  a  half,  in  behalf  of  the 
Trustees  of  Queen's  College. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  newly  constituted  General  Synod,  in  June, 
1794,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  report  during  the  session  on  this  sub- 
ject. Revs.  D.  Romeyn,  S.  Froeligh,  and  E.  Van  Bunschoten  were  the 
committee,  with  three  elders.  They  reported  that  no  union  could  be  effect- 
ed with  Queen's  College  as  long  as  it  was  situated  at  New-Brunswick,  that 
it  ought  to  be  removed  to  Bergen  or  Hackensack,  and  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  confer  with  the  Trustees  on  this  subject.  But  at  the  same  time 
they  reported  that  the  Divinity  School  could  not  flourish  in  New- York,  on 
account  of  the  price  of  living  ;  that  its  continuance  there  prevented  the  col- 
lection of  a  fund ;  that  the  Professor  ought  to  remove  to  Flatbush,  where  a 
classical  academy  alreadA' existed,  or  to  some  other  convenient  place.  The 
Consistory  of  the  Church  in  New-York  were  again  asked  to  relieve  the  Pro- 
fessor of  some  of  his  duties,  and  to  make  a  just  and  equitable  arrangement 
with  him.  Synod  also  promised  to  urge  on  the  matter  of  the  fund  as  fust  as 
possible.  They  now  requested  Peter  Wilson,  John  Vanderbilt,  Robert 
Benson,  and  Richard  Varick  to  become  the  trustees  of  said  fund,  instead  of 
the  New-York  Consistory,  the  Synod  having  no  corporate  existence.  The}', 
moreover,  now  permitted  the  moneys  which  had  been  collected  for 
Queen's  College  to  be  paid  over  to  the  Trustees,  as  all  thought  of  coalition 
with  Princeton  College  was  abandoned.  If  the  Trustees  should  become  will- 
ing to  move  the  location  of  their  college  within  three  months,  the  commit- 
tee appointed  to  confer  with  them  were  empowered  to  call  an  e.xtra  meeting 
of  Synod.     A  copy  of  the  action  of  1794-  was  sent  to  every  church. 

Owing,probably,to  difficulties  in  making  the  necessary  arrangements  with 
his  consistory,  Prof.  Livingston  did  not  remove  to  Flatbush  till  the  spring  of 
1796,  relinquishing  half  of  his  services,  and  half  of  his  salary  in  the  city,  and 
receiving  nothing  in  return.     He  spent  four  days  at  Flatbush  every  week, 


358  THE    INSTITUTIONS. 

preaching  in  the  city  each  Sabbath.  The  number  of  his  students  at  once 
doubled.     Every  thing  appeared  to  be  encouraging. 

But  in  October,  1796,  the  Professor  sent  a  desponding  letter  to  the  Par- 
ticular Synod,  owing  to  the  apparent  lack  of  earnest  efforts  to  endow  the 
Professorship.  He  reviews  the  history,  stating  that  our  churches  in 
America,  as  in  Europe,  felt  the  importance  of  an  educated  ministry,  that 
they  were  the  first  which  contemplated  a  Theological  Institution,  and  that 
with  perseverance  they  might  now  have  had  a  respectable  establishment. 
Other  churches  were  waiting  to  see  our  success.  The  principal  article  of 
union  in  1771  was  the  establishment  of  a  Theological  Professorship,  which 
they  had  promised  the  mother  church,  as  one  of  the  terms  of  independence, 
should  be  at  once  attended  to.  The  plan  had  been  maturely  organized  in 
1789,  and  Synod  solemnly  pledged  to  support  the  institution.  It  was  be- 
lieved the  establishment  ought  to  exist  without  connection  with  any  college; 
and  constant  action,  though  in  vain,  had  been  taken  concerning  its  endow- 
•ment.  He  stated  that,  from  a  sense  of  duty,  he  had  now,  at  the  request 
of  Synod,  for  twelve  years,  added  these  cares  to  his  pastoral  labors,  even 
to  the  injury  of  his  health,  in  hopes  of  a  respectable  result.  He  had  left 
the  city,  at  the  price  of  half  his  salary,  to  please  the  Synod.  But  the  Par- 
ticular Synod  of  May,  1796,  to  which  he  had  reported  his  removal,  had  not 
even  passed  an  approving  resolution,  much  less  had  taken  any  decisive 
steps  to  carry  into  effect  the  action  of  General  Synod  of  1794.  Tie  Pro- 
fessorate had  therefore  been  forsaken,  and  received  no  countenance  from 
Synod.  He  feared  that  the  church  now  did  not  honestly  intend  to  have 
any  such  institution,  whatever  had  been  the  intention  in  1771.  He  declared 
his  great  anxiety  on  this  matter,  for  no  personal  reasons,  but  for  the  good 
of  the  church,  and  that  he  as  an  individual  could  not  struggle  much  longer 
alone  amid  all  the  discouragements  which  arise  from  public  neglect.  He 
declared  his  convictions  that,  as  long  as  he  by  his  private  exertions  con- 
tinued thus  to  supply  the  necessities  of  the  church,  no  results  would  be 
accomplished ;  that  the  institution  could  not  long  live  under  present 
arrangements,  and  therefore  he  thought  that  if  this  Sj'nod  deemed  it 
improper  to  do  any  thing,  it  were  better  for  him  to  discontinue  his 
lectures. 

Such  a  proposition  alarmed  Synod,  and  they  resolved  at  once  to  carry 
out  the  propositions  of  1794.  They  ordered  a  subscription  paper  to  be 
printed,  accompanied  by  a  circular  letter,  to  be  sent  to  every  church, 
while  they  earnestly  requested  the  Professor  to  continue  his  labors. 

But  the  policy  of  Synod  now  proved  to  be  wavering.  The  next  June 
jrjg,.  they  unexpectedly  and  strangely  determined  that  it  was  not  expedient  to 
press  these  matters  at  present.  Financial  difficulties,  growing  out  of  the 
revolutions  in  Europe,  may  have  been  the  cause.  They  therefore  thanked 
the  Professor  for  his  gratuitous  services,  and  declared  that  it  would  be 
highly  acceptable  if,  under  all  these  discouragements,  he  would  continue 
to  discharge  the  duties  of  his  office.  And  as  it  was  exceedingly  inconve- 
nient for  all  students  to  get  the  certificate  of  the  one  Professor,  and  as  dif- 


THE   IXSTITUTIONS. 


n59 


fcrent  localities  would  become  interested  by  a  Professor  residmg  in  them 
Synod  now  nu.dc  the  Lectors  of  1792,  (Drs.  Froeligh  and  Romeyn,)  fa  1 
Professors  The  Professors  were  requested  to  accept  of  £10  from  each 
student  or,  where  the  student  could  not  pay,  Synod  would  do  it  for  them. 
Dr  Livingston  accordingly  relinquished  his  school  at  Flatbush,  and  return- 
ed to  the>ull  duties  of  his  parochial  charge,  teaching  meantime  as  before. 

In  May  1709,  the  Particular  Synod,  forgetting,  apparently,  that  its 
powers  were  not  as  great  as  before  the  constitution  of  General  Synod,  to 
which  body  alone,  by  the  Constitution  of  1792,  appertained  the  appoint- 
ment of  Professors— the  Particular  Synod  appointed  Drs.  Froeligh,  IJassett, 
and  G.  A.  Kuypcrs  teachers  in  the  Hebrew  language. 

In  1800,  a  committee  of  one  minister  and  one  elder  from  each  Classis 
was  appointed  to  collect  all  the  acts  on  this  subject,  and  report  what  mea- 
sures were  necessary  to  render  the  Professorship  respectable  and  useful. 
It  was  now  proposed  that  the  sum  of  two  shillings  be  laid  on  every  church- 
member  annually  for  six  years,  and  that  collectors  be  appointed  and  receive 
five  per  cent  for  their  trouble,  and  that  the  questor  of  Synod  take  charge 

of  the  funds. 

But  experience  soon  decided  that  the  action  of  1797  was  bad.  The  good 
effects  anticipated  did  not  appear.  It  was  therefore  determined  to  bring 
back  the  institution  to  its  primitive  state.  It  was  now  declared  tliat  the  ^goi. 
election  of  the  two  additional  Professors  in  1797  was  a  mere  temporary  ex- 
pedient to  meet  certain  circumstances  which  then  existed,  and  that  these 
Professors  should  continue  to  possess  the  honors  and  emoluments  of  their 
offices  during  their  lives  or  good  behavior,  but  should  have  no  successors ; 
that  the  advantages  of  an  education  in  a  city  like  New-York  outweighed 
all  other  considerations,  dnd  therefore  that  the  city  was  the  most  eligible 
place  in  which  to  establish  a  Theological  School.  The  Consistory  of  the 
Church  of  Xcw-York  also  reminded  Synod  that  by  the  charter  of  Columbia 
College,  they  had  a  right  to  appoint  a  Theological  Professor  in  that  institu- 
tion, and  that  thus,  support,  honor,  and  permanency  might  be  afforded  the 
Professor,  and  the  establishment  put  on  a  solid  foundation.  Dr.  Living- 
ston, accordingly,  was  now  elected  the  one  permanent  Professor  of  the  Gene- 
ral Synod.*  Thus,  it  was  thought,  the  professorial  endowment  would  be 
the  sooner  realized.  The  Consistory  of  the  Church  of  New-York  was  again 
appointed  as  the  trustee  of  the  funds  which  might  be  raised,  but  Synod 
declined  to  blend  their  Theological  Professorate  with  any  establishment  not 
derived  from  the  immediate  authority  of  the  Netherlands  Reformed  Church- 
es. Two  Professors  of  Hebrew  were  also  now  appointed,  namely :  Revs. 
John  Bassett  and  Jeremiah  Romeyn.  Students  desiring  to  be  examined 
by  Classis  for  hcensure,  must  also  have  a  certificate  of  lingual  attainments 
signed  by  one  of  these.  The  Professors  of  Hebrew  appointed  by  the  Par- 
ticular Synod  in  1799  were  now  disallowed,  by  the  refusal  of  the  Synod  to 
permit  their  certificates  to  be  honored. 

*  He  had  held  Ms  office  before,  under  the  election  of  the  old  provisional  synod,  before  the 
General  Synod  was  constituted. 


360  THE    INSTITUTIONS. 

In  1806  three  ministers  were  elected  from  each  Classis,  to  obtain  sub- 
scriptions and  collect  moneys  for  the  permanent  professorial  fund.  But 
every  expedient  seemed  to  be  unavailing.  The  resolutions  and  plans  of 
the  Synod  seemed  to  be  futile.  The  uncertainty  of  location  seemed  to  de- 
stroy every  effort.  The  prospects  grew  faint  and  dubious.  The  most 
sanguine  friends  of  the  Professorate  were  ready  to  despair  concerning  it. 

But  at  this  juncture,  after  thirteen  years'  interruption,  the  Trustees  of 
1807.  Queen's  College  made  a  proposition  which  prepared  the  way  for  the  ultimate 
success  of  the  Theological  Professorship.  They  were  now  excited  to  revive 
their  College,  and  to  make  it  especially  subservient  to  the  Professorate  of 
Theology— in  short, to  unite  this  Professorate  and  the  College.  The  Trustees, 
for  some  reason,  applied  first  to  the  Particular  Synod  of  New-York,  which 
approved  and  recommended  the  plan,  providing  that  all  the  moneys  raised 
in  the  State  of  New- York  should  be  applied  to  the  endowment  of  a  Theo- 
logical Professorship.  General  Synod  sanctioned  the  revival  of  the  College 
and  the  union  proposed. 

A  covenant  wa  sthen  drawn  up  between  the  parties,  in  which  the  Trus- 
tees promised  to  combine  the  literary  interests  of  the  College  with  a  decided 
support  to  evangelical  truth,  and  the  promotion  of  an  able  and  faithful 
ministry  in  the  Dutch  Church  ;  that  the  funds  raised  in  New-York  should 
be  appropriated  to  the  support  of  a  Theological  Professorship  in  the  College, 
and  to  the  assistance  of  poor  and  pious  young  men  pi-eparing  for  the  min- 
istry; that  the  Trustees  should  hold  the  funds  for  the  Theological  Professor- 
ship, and  should  call  the  Professor  elected  by  Synod  as  soon  as  their  funds 
would  allow  ;  that  a  permanent  Board  of  Superintendents  be  appointed  by 
the  Synod,  to  superintend  the  Theological  Institution,  to  aid  the  Professor 
in  arranging  the  course  of  instruction,  to  attend  fhe  examination  of  students 
in  theology,  and  to  be  known  by  the  name  of  "The  Superintendents  of  the 
Theological  Institution  in  Queen's  College ;"  that  the  Synod  provide  money 
for  a  library ;  and  both  parties  were  to  unite  in  erecting  the  necessary 
buildings — money,  even,  if  needed  for  this  purpose,  to  be  taken  from  the 
professorial  fund. 

Synod  now  enjoined  collections  to  be  taken  up  in  all  their  churches  in 
the  State  of  New-York,  to  help  in  the  erection  of  the  necessary  buildings. 
It  was  resolved  that  the  Board  of  Superintendents  consist  of  nine  mem- 
bers, three  to  be  taken  from  each  Particular  Synod,  and  three  from  the 
clerical  members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

The  efforts  to  collect  funds  by  the  Trustees  were  crowned  with  unex- 
pected success.  The  Church  of  New- York  at  once  gave  $10,000,  and  the 
Church  of  Harlem,  $400. 
Aug.  In  less  than  a  year,  the  Trustees  called  Dr.  Livingston,  as  their  Pro- 
fessor of  Theology,  according  to  the  covenant,  offering  him  $750,  and  $250 
additional  as  President  of  the  College.  He  at  first  declined  the  latter  office, 
but  ultimately  accepted,  a  Vice-President  being  appointed  to  take  the  burden 
of  the  duties.  He  did  not  immediately  remove  to  New-Brunswick,  but  waited 
till  the  churches  under  his  care  should  be  somewhat  provided  for,  and  also 


1808. 


Mar. 


TlIK   INSTITUTIONS.  361 

lest  his  removal  might  retard  the  increase  of  the  professorial  fand.  In 
February,  1810,  the  Trustees  offered  him  $050,  additional.  He  now,  after 
a  pastorship  of  forty  years,  and  a  Professorship,  without  compensation,  of  JJJJ 
twenty-six,  in  the  city,  at  the  age  of  sixty-four,  broke  all  the  ties  he  had 
there  formed,  and  removed  to  New-Brunswick.  lie  had  given  his  professo- 
rial certiHcatc,  up  to  this  time,  to  about  ninety  students.  By  his  re- 
moval he  sacrificed  a  salary  of  ^'2500  in  his  pastoral  charge.  He  cast  him- 
self, in  faith,  upon  the  churches,  trusting  that  they  would  provide  the  ne. 
cessary  support.  In  December  of  the  same  year,  considering  the  great  sacri- 
fices he  hadjnade,  the  Trustees  increased  his  salary  to  §1700,  allowing 
also  $300  for  house-rent,  promising  that  if  there  were  any  deficiency,  it 
should  be  made  up  as  soon  as  funds  permitted.  Two  years  after  this,  when 
his  receipts  from  the  Trustees  had  only  amounted  to  $1200,  he  generously 
renounced  all  charges  for  the  balance  against  them.  The  Trustees  had  been 
embarrassed  in  their  operations  by  a  money  crisis  in  the  country. 

THEOLOGICAL    SEMINARY    AT    NEW-BRUNSWICK. 

Dr.  Livingston  opened  the  Seminary  in  October,  1810,  with  five  students, 
of  whom  the  venerable  Dr.  De  Witt,  of  New-York,  alone  survives.  But  a  few 
days  before  he  left  New-York,  he  wrote  a  letter  to  his  venerable  brother  in 
the  ministry,  Rev.  Elias  Van  Bunschooten,  suggesting  the  propriety  of  his 
devoting  a  portion  of  his  property  to  the  benefit  of  the  Theological  Insti- 
tution.* The  effort  was  not  in  vain,  but  resulted  in  the  endowing  of 
the  Trustees  in  the  sum  of  $14,050,  which  was  increased  by  his  will  to 
$17,000.  The  income  of  this  fund  was  to  be  appropriated  to  the  support 
"  of  pious  youth,  who  hope  they  have  a  call  of  God  to  preach  the  Gospel  of 
Jesus  Christ."  It  at  present  exceeds  $20,000,  and  has  been  the  means  of 
educating  about  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  young  men  for  the  ministry. 

In  1812,  Dr.  Livingston  sent  in  his  first  report  to  Synod,  in  which 
he  briclly  reviewed  the  facts,  and  stated  the  present  condition  of  the  Semi- 
nary, urging  the  necessity  of  prompt  and  vigorous  action  respecting  the 
endowment.  At  the  same  time  the  Board  of  Superintendents  was  fully 
organized  by  the  adoption  of  a  detailed  plan  respecting  the  government  of 
the  Theological  School.  Synod  was  to  have  complete  control  of  it  in  every 
particular,  appointing  its  Superintendents  trienniall}',  choosing  three  from 
each  of  the  Particular  Synods,  and  three  from  the  cl-erical  members  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees.  These  were  to  superintend  the  examinations  for  pro- 
fessorial certificates,  and  have  complete  control  over  the  students.  Three 
Professors,  however,  were  declared  to  be  necessary,  before  the  institution 
should  be  regarded  as  completely  organized,  each  of  whom  should  then 
deliver  three  lectures  a  week.  A  sermon  was  to  be  exhibited  each  week  by 
one  of  the  students,  on  a  topic  assigned  him  ;  the  course  of  study  was  to  be 
three  years.  Each  student  was  to  be  taught  natural,  didactic,  polemic,  and 
practical  theology  ;  biblical  criticism ;  chronology  and  ecclesiastical  history  ; 

*  This  letter  is  printed  in  Livingstones  Life,  and  in  New-Brunswick  Review. 


1813. 


362  THE   INSTITUTIONS. 

the  form  and  administration  of  church  government,  and  pastoral  duties; 
and  to  be  able  to  read  the  Scriptures  fluently  in  the  original  languages.  At 
the  end  of  three  years  they  were  to  submit  to  an  examination  for  a  pro- 
fessorial certificate,  upon  which  testimonial  they  were  to  be  admitted  to 
examination  for  hcensure  before  their  respective  classes. 

Dr.  Bassett  now  resigned  his  position  as  Professor  of  Hebrew,  and  Rev. 
J.  M.  Van  Harlingen,  of  Millstone,  was  appointed  in  his  place. 

From  this  time  the  Board  of  Superintendents  has  regularly  met,  and  has 
examined  more  than  five  hundred  students. 

Fears  were  entertained  for  the  welfare  of  the  Seminary  on  account  of 
the  waning  of  the  College,  about  this  time.  The  Trustees  continued  to  be 
embarrassed.  The  erection  of  the  building  had  involved  them  in  debt. 
Synod  appropriated  $3000  of  the  Theological  fund,  to  aid  in  defraying  the 
expenses  of  the  building.  In  1815  the  plan  of  a  Theological  College  was  pro- 
posed by  Dr.  Livingston,  having  for  its  object,  jirimai'ily,  the  education  of 
young  men  for  the  ministry.  Others,  preparing  for  other  professions, 
might  be  admitted  sjyeciaJi  gratia,  to  a  limited  number.  Its  corps  of  teach- 
ers should  consist  of  a  Professor  of  Theology,  of  Biblical  Criticism,  and  of 
Ecclesiastical  History,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Synod,  and  a  Professor  of 
Mathematics,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Trustees;  the  Theological  Professors 
were  also  to  perform  duties  in  the  College,  according  to  the  appointment  of 
the  Trustees ;  the  two  funds  were  to  be  blended  in  one,  and  Synod  was  to 
pay  half  the  salaries  of  their  Professors.  The  plan  was  adopted  in  October, 
1815,  but  the  Trustees,  being  embarrassed  in  their  operations,  were  not  en- 
abled to  carry  it  out  till  after  ten  years.  About  this  time  also  the  German 
Eeformed  Church  made  propositions,  informally,  in  reference  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  common  theological  institution  for  the  two  denominations. 
It  was,  perhaps,  owing  partly  to  the  complicated  relations  of  our  own  Semi- 
nary that  this  plan  could  not  now  be  entertained.  Dr.  Livingston,  how- 
ever, at  his  own  expense,  published  an  address  to  the  German  Reformed 
Churches  in  the  United  States,  replete  with  valuable  information  and  coun- 
sel, urging  them  to  establish  a  theological  seminary  for  themselves. 

The  propriety  of  removing  the  Seminary  to  New-York, or  even  to  Schenec- 
tady, was  now  seriously  discussed,  and  Dr.  Livingston  even  favored  it  for 
a  time.     But  the  Trustees  who  held  the  funds  would  not  consent  to  it. 

In  1814,  the  Board  of  Superintendents  suggested  forcibly  to  Synod  the 
necessity  of  another  Professor.  To  this  end  the  Church  of  Albany  offered  to 
contribute  annually  $750,  and  the  Church  of  New-Brunswick  $200,  for  a 
term  of  six  years.  Synod  accordingly,  and  to  the  great  relief  of  the  now  aged 
Livingston,  the  next  year,  elected  Rev.  John  Schureman  Professor  of  Pastoral 
Theology  and  Ecclesiastical  History.  After  his  death,  in  1818,  the  second 
Professorship  embraced  the  departments  of  Oriental  Literature  and  Ecclesias- 
tical History.  Rev.  Thomas  De  Witt  having  declined  an  appointment  to 
this  position.  Rev.  John  Ludlow  was  chosen,  who  continued  in  this  depart- 
ment for  five  years,  when  Rev.  John  De  Witt  was  chosen  his  successor. 

The  further  endowment  of  the  institution  now  weighed  heavily  on  Dr. 


THE   INSTITUTIONS.  oG3 

Livingston's  miiul.  lie  felt  that  unless  spcedj'  measures  were  taken  for  this 
end,  the  institution  must  die.  In  1822,  subscriptions  were  started.  Dr.  Liv- 
ingston heading  them  with  $500,  and  nearly  $27,000  were  subscribed  within 
a  year,  in  the  Particular  Synod  of  New-York. 

The  Particular  Synod  of  Albany  now  made  efforts  to  endow  a  Third  Pro- 
fessorship. Dr.  L.  saw  this  enterprise  in  its  inception,  but  did  not  live  to 
see  it  completed.  He  however  lived  long  enough  to  see  that  success  was 
certain,  and  that  the  institution  for  whicli  he  had  sacrificed  so  much,  during 
forty  )'ear3^was  established  on  a  firm  foundation.  Different  Professors  in 
different  parts  of  the  church  had  been  appointed,  for  the  convenience  of  stu- 
dents, and  Dr.  Livingston  had  had  an  assistant  most  of  the  time  in  New-Bruns- 
wick ;  but  it  was  only  after  his  death,  though  in  the  same  j^car,  that  the  Theo- 
logical Institution  was  fully  organized  by  the  full  complement  of  Professors — 
De  Witt,  Milledoler,  and  Schurcman.  The  Particular  Synod  of  Albanj"-  by 
the  fall  of  1825  had  subscribed  about  $27,000  also,  for  the  endowment  of 
the  Third  Professorship.  It  was  several  years  before  these  moneys  were 
paid  in,  (some  of  the  subscriptions  indeed  were  lost,)  but  in  the  mean  time, 
the  Church  of  New-York,  for  several  years,  gave  $1750  per  annum,  and 
other  churches  or  friends  assisted  in  meeting  the  deficiency.  Synod  now 
purchased  the  College  building  in  payment  of  the  obligations  of  the  Trus- 
tees to  them.  The  Trustees  had  saved  the  Professorate  in  1807  by  taking 
it  under  their  care,  and  the  Synod  now  saved  the  College  from  extinction 
by  a  similar  kindness.  The  plan  proposed  in  1815  was  substantially  revived. 
The  Theological  Professors  became  Professors  also  in  the  College,  and  thus 
that  institution,  under  the  name  of  Rutgers,  was  reopened.  (Rutoeks 
College.) 

In  1824,  the  first  change  was  made  in  reference  to  the  appointment  of  the 
Board  of  Superintendents.  Henceforth  two  from  each  Classis  were  to  be 
appointed,  to  constitute  this  Board,  except  from  the  Classis  of  New-York, 
which  was  to  have  four  members — all  to  be  appointed  by  Synod.  Ten 
years  later,  the  Classes  were  permitted  to  nominate,  and  Synod  confirmed 
them.  In  1838,  the  plan  was  again  changed,  limiting  the  number  to  one 
from  each  Classis,  and  only  one  third  of  that  number  were  to  be  elected 
each  year,  to  prevent  an  entire  change  at  once  in  the  Board.  The  next 
year,  however,  Synod  resumed  its  right  of  appointing  the  whole  Board 
itself;  but  in  1841,  the  plan  of  1838  was  again  adopted.  In  1848,  at  an 
extra  session  of  Synod,  the  plan  was  entirely  changed,  so  that  eight  .should 
constitute  the  Board, an  equal  number  to  come  from  each  Particular  Synod  ; 
but  this  action  was  rescinded  the  next  June,  and  the  former  plan  resumed, 
and  thus  has  since  remained. 

Death  almost  immediately  invaded  the  Professorship,  as  Dr.  AYoodhull 
died  within  a  year  of  his  appointment,  and  Dr.  James  S.  Cannon  was  elected 
in  his  place. 

In  1828,  the  old  professorial  fund,  which  had  been  the  cause  of  much 
misunderstanding,  was  transferred  to  General  Synod,  and  the  same  year 
a  Board  of  Education  was  estabhshed,  and  to  which,  having  been  rcmo- 


364  THE    INSTITUTIONS. 

(Jelled  in  1831,  were  committed  all  the  educational  interests  of  the  church, 
as  well  as  the  immediate  care  of  the  beneficiaries.  (Board  of  Education.) 
In  1832,  Dr.  De  Witt  having  died,  Dr.  Alexander  McClelland  took  the 
chair  of  Biblical  Literature.  Three  years  later  the  Theological  Professors 
were  organized  into  a  Faculty,  to  hold  monthly  meetings,  and  exercise  a 
general  supervision  over  the  students. 

In  1841,  the  students  complained  of  the  requirement  to  commit  MarFs 
Medulla,  which  led  to  the  adoption  of  a  new  plan  for  the  Didactic  Professor, 
namely,  to  deliver  lectures  on  theology.  This  action,  however,  led  to  the 
resignation  of  Dr.  Milledoler.  Rev.  Samuel  A.  Van  Vranken  was  elected 
to  his  place.  The  Theological  Professor  was  now  relieved  from  the  Presi- 
dency of  the  College. 

In  1851,  Dr.  William  H.  Campbell  succeeded  Dr.  McClelland  in  the 
department  of  Biblical  Literature,  and  the  next  year  Dr.  John  Ludlow 
succeeded  Dr.  Cannon,  who  had  been  stricken  down  by  disease,  and  de- 
clared to  be  Emeritus  Professor.     He,  however,  died  in  the  same  year. 

The  want  of  a  theological  hall  separate  from  the  college  building  began 
now  to  be  seriously  felt.  Several  young  men  were  known  to  have  gone 
elsewhere  to  study,  on  account  of  the  high  price  of  board  in  New-Bruns- 
wick. Elsewhere  they  could  board  in  commons.  The  students  drew  up 
a  memorial,  stating  their  difficulties  and  their  wants,  and  which  paper 
passed  through  the  hands  of  the  Faculty  to  the  Board  of  Superintendents. 
The  Board  took  immediate  action  on  it,  and  their  efforts  were  crowned  with 
complete  success.  At  the  personal  solicitation  of  Dr.  Ludlow,  Mrs.  Anna 
Hertzog,  of  Philadelphia,  donated  $30,000  for  its  erection,  with  the  condi- 
tion that  it  should  be  called  "  The  Peter  Hertzog  Theological  Hall."  Col. 
James  Neilson  then  gave  a  lot  of  ground,  valued  at  $14,000  ;  Mr.  David 
Bishop  gave  an  adjoining  lot,  valued  at  $1200  ;  Mr.  Charles  P.  Dayton 
gave  an  adjoining  lot ;  and  $2000  were  given  by  Messrs.  Francis  and 
Wessel  Wessells,  of  Paramus,  N.  J.,  to  purchase  still  additional  land,  to 
make  the  rectangle  complete.  The  building  was  speedily  erected,  and  in 
it  are  dormitories,  refectory,  lecture-rooms,  chapel,  and  library. 

The  next  year.  Dr.  Ludlow,  after  a  protracted  illness,  was  called  away, 
and  Dr.  Samuel  M.  Woodbridge  was  elected  in  his  place.  Synod  also  engaged 
Dr.  G.  W.  Bethune  for  one  year,  to  give  a  course  of  lectures  on  Pulpit 
lf-56.  Eloquence,  to  the  students.  On  the  1st  day  of  January,  1861,  Dr.  Van 
Vranken  died,  and  Dr.  Joseph  F.  Berg  was  elected  in  his  place.  Two 
years  later,  Dr.  John  De  Witt  was  chosen  to  the  chair  of  Biblical  Litera- 
ture, made  vacant  by  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Campbell.  About  this  time, 
also,  the  Theological  Professors  were  relieved  of  further  duties  in  the  Col- 
lege. In  1864  the  Synod  transferred  the  college  property  back  to  the 
Trustees,  and  the  next  year  the  covenants  of  1807  and  1825  were  finally 
annulled.  The  money  thus  accruing  was  devoted  to  the  erection  of  the 
beautiful  professorial  residences  then  in  course  of  erection.  The  same 
year,  a  Fourth  Professorship,  namely,  of  Sacred  Rhetoric  and  Pastoral 
Theology,  which  had  been  suggested  and  desired  for  many  years,  was,  by 


THE   INSTITUTIONS.  365 

a  very  general  subscription  through  the  churches,  secured,  and  Dr.  David 
D.  Demarcst  was  elected  to  tliis  position.  The  Hertzog  Theological  Hall, 
and  three  of  the  four  contemplated  professorial  residences,  now  stand  in  a 
beautiful  plot  of  seven  acres,  overlooking  the  great  higliway  between  the 
metropolis  and  the  capital  of  the  nation.  The  professorial  endowment  now 
reaches  the  sum  of  $134,000.  But  it  will  readily  be  seen  that  this  amount 
is  very  inadequate  for  an  endowment  of  the  Institution  in  times  so  different 
from  those  which  existed  at  its  first  establishment  and  early  development. 
A  ver}'  large  amount  of  money  is  still  needed  to  carry  out  the  plans  de- 
manded for  thorough  theological  education  at  the  present  da}'.  The  friends 
of  the  church  can  do  her  no  better  service  than  by  providing  generously 
for  this  institution.  By  direction  of  the  General  Synod,  an  eflbrt  is  now 
making  for  adding  largely  to  the  endowment,  and  which  is  meeting  with 
gratifying  success. 

Professors. 
Rev.  John  H.  Lfvingsto?;,  D.D., 
Professor  of  Didactic  Theology,  etc.,  1784-1 825.    At  New-Tork  or  on  Long 
Island,  1784-1810.    At  New-Brunswick,  1810-25. 

Eev.  HERMANtrs  Meter,  D.D., 
Professor  of  Languages  at  Pompton  Plains,  1784^91. 
Lector  in  Theology  "  "        1786-91. 

Eev.  Solomon  Feoeligh,  D.D., 

Lector  in  Theology  at  Hackensack,  1792-7. 

Professor  of  Didactic  Theology  at  Hackensack,  1797-1823. 
Rev.  DiRCK  ROMETis,  D.D., 

Lector  in  Theology  at  Schenectady,  1792-7. 

Professor  of  Didactic  Theology  at  Schenectady,  1797-1804. 
Eev.  John  Bassett,  D.D., 

Professor  of  Languages  at  Bogbt,  (Schoharie  Co.,  N.  T.,)  1804-12. 
Rev.  Jeremiah  Romeyn,  D.D., 

Professor  of  Languages  at  Linlithgo,  1804-6. 
Eev.  John  M.  V.vn  Harlingen,  D.D., 

Professor  of  Languages  and  Ecclesiastical  History  at  Millstone,  1812-13. 
Eev.  John  Schihreman,  D.D., 

Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History  and  Pastoral  Theology  at  New-Bruns- 
wick, 1815-18. 
Rev.  James  S.  Cannon,  D.D.,  pro  Urn., 

Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History  and  Pastoral  Theology,  1818-19. 
Rev.  John  S.  Mabon,  D.D.,  pro  tern., 

Professor  of  Languages,  1818-19. 
Rev.  John  Ludlow,  D.D., 

Professor  of  Biblical  Literature  and  Ecclesiastical  History,  1819-23. 
Eev.  John  De  Witt,  D.D., 

Professor  of  Biblical  Literature  and  Ecclesiastical  BUstory,  1823-31 


366  THE    INSTITUTIONS. 

Rev.  PHIXIP  MrLLEDOLER,  D.D., 

Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology,  1825^1. 
■Rev.  Selah  S.  Woodhull,  D.D., 
Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History,  Churcli  Government,  and  Pastoral  The- 
ology, 1825-6. 
Rev.  J.vjsiES  S.  Cannon,  D.D., 
Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History,  Church  Government,  and  Pastoral  The- 
ology, 1826-52. 
Rev.  Alexander  McClelland,  D.D., 

Professor  of  Biblical  Literature,  1832-51. 
Rev.  Samuel  A.  Van  Vranken,  D.D., 

Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology,  1841-61. 
Rev.  William  H.  Campbell,  D.D., 

Professor  of  Biblical  Literature,  1851-63. 
Rev.  John  Ludlow,  D.D., 
Professor  of  Pastoral  Theology,  Ecclesiastical  History,  and  Church   Gov- 
ernment, 1852-7. 
Rev.  Samuel  M.  Woodbridge,  D.D., 
Professor  of  Pastoral  Theology,  Ecclesiastical  History,  and  Church  Gov- 
ernment, 1857- 
Rev.  Joseph  P.  Berg,  D.D., 

Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology,  1861- 
Rev.  John  De  Witt,  D.D., 

Professor  of  Biblical  Literature,  1863- 
Rev.  David  D.  Demarest,  D.D., 
Professor  of  Pastoral  Theology  and  Sacred  Rhetoric,  1865- 


THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY  AT  HOLLAND,  MICH. 

In  1S66,  the  first  graduating  class  of  Hope  College  was  permitted  by  the 
General  Synod  to  begui  their  theological  studies,  under  the  Professors 
ah'eady  officiating  in  the  College.  Synod  also  appointed  a  special  com- 
mittee to  be  present  the  next  year  at  their  examination  in  their  theological 
studies,  and  who  reported  to  Synod  at  their  session  in  Geneva  in  1867. 
Hereupon  Synod  appointed  Rev.  Dr.  Crispell,  Professor  of  Theology,  and 
invited  the  other  Professors  in  Hope  College  to  act  as  Theological  Lectors. 
The  members  of  the  Board  of  Superintendents  of  the  Theological  Seminary 
at  New-Brunswick,  belonging  to  the  Particular  Synod  of  Chicago,  were 
appointed  as  the  Board  of  Superintendents  of  this  new  institution,  and  a 
goodly  number  of  students  are  already  in  attendance.  It  is  now  known 
as  "  The  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Reformed  Church  at  Holland, 
Michigan." 


THE   INSTITUTIONS.  367 

Profesnor. 
Rev.  CoBNELrus  E.  Crispell,  D.D., 
Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Tlieologry,  1867 — 

Lectors. 
Rev.  Charles  Scott, 

Lector  in  Church  History,  1867 — 
Rev.  TnEODOKio  Rometn  Beck, 

Lector  in  Biblical  Criticism  and  Philology,  1SC7 — 
Rev.  Petek  J.  Oggel, 

Lector  in  Sacred  Rhetoric  and  Pastoral  Theology,  1867 — 
Rev.  Philip  Phelps,  D.D., 

Lector  in  Exegetlcal  Theology,  1867 — 


THE    BOARDS. 


DOMESTIC   MISSIONS. 

FIRST  PKUIOD.      178G-180G. 


Untii,  the  independence  of  the  American  Reformed  churches  in  1772 
they  were  themselves  missionary  ground.  At  the  close  of  the  Revolution 
the  list  of  Dr.  Livingston  shows  eighty-five  churches,  thirty-two  minis- 
ters, serving  fifty-three  of  these  churches,  and  two  licentiates.  But  of 
these  ministers,  several  were  old,  and  soon  laid  aside,  while  not  a  few  new 
settlements  of  families  of  the  Reformed  Faith  were  springing  up,  presenting 
favorable  opportunities  for  church  extension.  In  178G,  the  old  Synod 
took  the  first  action  on  the  subject,  appointing  Messrs.  Westerlo,  D.  Ro- 
meyn,  H.  Schoonmaker,  and  II.  Meyer  a  committee  to  devise  some  plan  for 
sending  the  Gospel  to  the  destitute  localities,  and  to  report  to  the  next 
Synod.  This  action  was  induced  by  a  request  from  the  inhabitants  of 
.  Saratoga  to  be  furnished  with  the  preaching  of  the  Word.  The  Classis  of 
Albany  was  requested  to  attend  to  their  wants,  in  the  mean  time,  by  occa- 
sional supplies.  Plans  were  presented  the  next  year,  but  the  subject 
postponed,  and  Dr.  Ilardenbergh  added  to  the  committee.  They  finally 
recommended  that  voluntary  collections  be  taken  up  in  all  the  congrega- 
tions, as  manifestations  of  their  love,  to  aid  in  the  extension  of  the  church. 
This  was  the  first  effort  of  the  kind  in  our  churches.  The  moneys  so  col- 
lected were  to  be  laid  on  the  tables  of  the  Classes,  and  through  them 
transferred  to  the  Synod.  With  these  means,  ministers  and  licentiates 
were  enabled  to  visit  destitute  localities  on  short  tours,  and  preach  the 
Gospel,  and  organize  churches.  Each  Classis  was  also  speciall}-  directed 
to  look  after  the  destitute  fields  within  their  own  bounds.  In  1791, 
appeals  came  from  Hardy  Co.,  at  the  head-waters  of  Hie  Potomac,  in  West- 
Virginia,  asking  for  help.  Tlicy  were  supplied  through  the  ordination  of  a 
Christian  physician  residing  there,  (Jennings.)  The  subject  of  church  ex- 
tension is  found  inserted,  as  an  item  in  the  regular  business  of  each  Classi.s, 
as  early  as  1790,  and  moneys  began  to  come  into  Synod's  hands  for  this 
cause.  A  classis  at  this  time  would  collect  from  ten  to  twent3'-five  pounds 
annually.  Synod  could  now  begin  to  act.  A  committee  was  appointed  tO' 
find  persons  willing  to  undertake  the  tours  proposed,  while  the  Classis  of 
Albany  was  requested  still  to  take  special  charge  of  the  needy  in  their  vi- 
cinity. The  next  year,  Synod  made  the  Deputaii  Synodi,  a  committee  oa 
24 


1794. 


370  THE    BOARDS. 

church  extension,  to  take  entire  charge  of  the  matter,  and  report  to 
Synod;  but  with  the  constitution  of  the  General  Synod,  two  years  later, 
their  duties  in  this  office  seem  to  have  ceased.  Appeals  also  came  from 
the  distant  Kentucky,  and  from  the  Susquehanna.  In  1792,  Andrew 
Gra}',  of  Poughkeepsie,  undertook  a  tour  to  the  latter  region,  spending  six 
weeks,  while  his  pulpit  was  supplied  by  Synod.  Two  years  later  the 
brethren  Cornelison  and  S.  Ostrander  consented  to  make  similar  tours, 
the  former  going  up  the  Delaware  as  far  as  the  Great  Bend,  and  thence 
across  to  the  Susquehannah,  and  down  the  same  to  Wyoming,  spending 
eight  weeks ;  while  the  latter  proceeded  from  Catskill  to  Jericho,  at  the 
Unadilla,  and  thence  to  Schenenas,  Cherry  Valley,  and  the  Onondaga,  for 
the  same  length  of  time.  Mr.  Cornelison  established  the  first  church  in 
our  domestic  missionary  efforts,  at  Tioga,  under  the  name  of  the  Church 
'of  Union,  in  the  Chenango  valley,  near  Binghamton,  (1794.) 

In  1796,  the  people  of  Salt  River,  Mercer  Co.,  K3^,  forwarded  a  call  to 
the  Classis  of  New-Brunswick,  earnestly  requesting  them  to  fill  it.  They 
had  now  been  crying  for  help  for  six  years  in  vain.  Peter  Labagh,  a  stu 
dent  of  Froeligh,  offered  to  visit  this  field,  provided  he  could  be  ordained 
as  a  missionary  before  going.  Synod  consented,  and  the  Classis  of  Hack- 
ensack,  to  which  he  belonged,  put  the  call  in  his  hands.  Furnished  with 
£30,  he  started.  He  organized  a  church  of  one  hundred  families  at  Salt 
River,  but  on  account  of  their  distance,  their  unsettled  state,  and  the  im- 
■probability  of  his  denomination  extending  in  that  remote  locality,  he  re- 
turned their  call.  About  the  same  time,  George  BrinkerhoflF  undertook  a 
mission  to  the  Genesee  country,  spending  eight  weeks.  The  Classis  of 
Albany  urged  again  on  Synod  the  duty  of  devising  some  effectual  way  to 
meet  the  many  prayers  which  were  made  for  the  bread  of  life.  Synod, 
however,  only  postponed  the  further  consideration  of  their  request.  In 
1797,  John  Duryee  and  Peter  Stryker,  and  in  1798,  Jacob  Sickles  and 
Samuel  Smith,  undertook  similar  missions  to  those  already  mentioned,  but 
the  particulars,  with  the  minutes  of  1797,  are  lost.  At  the  close  of  the 
century  all  the  Classes  were  forwarding  money,  (most  of  the  churches  con- 
tributing,) except  the  Classis  of  Kingston,  for  the  cause  of  church 
•extension. 

In  the  mean  time,  the  Classis  of  Albany  became  especially  prominent  for 
its  zeal  in  this  cause.  In  1798,  they  employed  Robert  McDowell,  one  of 
their  ministers,  as  their  missionary  to  Canada,  who,  in  a  short  time,  organ- 
ized six  large  churches,  embracing  more  than  four  hundred  families,  along 
the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  northern  shores  of  Ontario.  The  people  there 
seemed  hungry  for  the  bread  of  life.  In  1800,  he  permanently  settled  over 
three  of  these  churches.  (McDowell.)  Six  other  missionaries  were  also 
employed  by  them,  drawing  their  expenses  from  the  funds  of  Synod.  Sy- 
nod, in  the  year  1800,  formally  appointed  the  Classis  of  Albany  to  take 
charge  of  all  the  missionary  operations  in  the  North.  {M.  G.  8.  i.  307,  an 
interesting  report.)  With  the  increase  of  churches,  several  new  classes 
were  organized  at  the  opening  of  the  present  century.     The  Classis  of 


THE   BOAIIDS.  371 

ITackensack  was  divided  into  those  of  Bergen  and  Paramus  ;  the  Classis  of 
Kingston  into  those  of  Ulster  and  Poiighkcepsic ;  the  Classis  of  Albany 
into  those  of  Rensselaer,  xVlbany,  and  Montgomery  ;  which,  together  with 
the  Classes  of  New-York  and  New-Brunswick,  made  nine  in  number,  in  the 
year  1800. 

But  the  cause  somewhat  languished  after  this  for  want  of  men.  The 
means  furnished,  also,  were  small.  Yet,  in  ISO-t,  the  Hrst  legacy  for  any  of 
the  benevolent  operations  of  the  church  was  left,  by  a  Christian  lady, 
Sarah  I)e  Pcystcr.  Upon  inquiry.  Synod  informed  her  executors  that  the 
Classis  of  Albany  was  their  society  for  receiving  such  funds. 

But  for  eight  j-ears,  now,  Canada  had  been  the  sole  field  of  operations 
The  Classis  of  New-Brunswick  complained  that  there  were  destitute  places 
within  their  bounds  which  ought  to  participate  in  the  funds.  Their  church- 
es in  Sussex  Co.,  N.  J.,  were  too  far  off  for  the  unaided  efforts  of  the  min- 
isters. In  1806,  therefore,  the  Particular  Synod  of  New-York  requested 
General  Synod  to  resume  the  immediate  management  of  all  the  missionary 
operations  of  the  church  which  had  been  confided  to  the  Classis  of  Albany 
This  was  done.  Thus  ends  the  first  period  of  twenty  years  of  the  mis- 
sionary oi)erations  of  the  Reformed  Church. 

SECOND    PERIOD.      180G-1822. 

Synod  now  appointed  a  special  committee  of  four  ministers  and  tour 
elders,  with  plenary  powers,  to  whom  should  be  confided  all  her  missionary 
operations.  They  were  located  in  Albany  till  1819,  when,  with  the  final 
abandonment  of  the  Canadian  missions,  they  were  directed  henceforth  to 
locate  in  New-York.  They  received  all  the  missionary  documents  from  the 
Classis  of  Albany,  and  the  members  of  the  committee  held  their  appoint- 
ment during  the  pleasure  of  Synod.  They  were  known  as  the  "  Standing 
Committee  of  Missions  for  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  America." 

This  standing  committee  commenced  their  operation  on  the  old  plan — 
short  tours  by  settled  pastors.  But  these  reported  the  unsatisfactorincss  of 
such  efforts.  Messrs.  Bork,  C.  Ten  Eyck,  and  P.  D.  Froeligh,  in  180G,  went 
west  from  Albany  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  thence  to  Lake  Ontario, 
and  down  the  St.  Lawrence  to  Ogdensburgh,  and  up  the  same  river  on  the 
Canada  side,  and  along  the  lake,  all  the  way  round  to  Niagara,  and  thence 
home,  visiting  many  settlements,  and  organizing  five  new  churches  in 
Canada.  Three  ^--ears  later,  Messrs.  Sickles  and  IL  Ostrander  traversed 
the  same  ground,  the  parties  having  spent  about  three  months  each  time. 
They  found  the  state  of  religion  very  low,  though  they  were  treated  with 
civility  and  kindness.  Settled  ministers  were  wanted.  The  next  year, 
(1810,)  John  Beattie  went  over  the  same  route  and  organized  an  additional 
church  at  York,  in  Canada,  spending  nearly  five  months.  From  that  time 
till  the  close  of  the  war  with  Great  Britain,  only  one  laborer  visited  that 
region,  namelj',  John  Duryee.  In  1817,  John  F.  Schermerhorn  and  Jacob 
Van  Vechten,  and  in  1818-19,  Cornelius  Bogardus,  again  visited  those 


3'72  THE    BOARDS. 

churches,  and  a  Presbyterian  licentiate,  Mr.  Allen,  was  also  emploj^ed  by 
the  committee.  During  all  this  time,  (1798-1819,)  Mr.  McDowell  had  been 
faithfully  laboring  in  his  own  charges  in  Canada.  There  were  yet  eleven 
of  those  mission  churches  existing.  They  earnestly  sought  for  two  more 
ministers  to  settle  there  and  organize  a  Classis,  but  they  could  not  be 
found,  or  hopes  excited  were  disappointed. 

But  the  church  was  becoming  disheartened  by  the  distance,  and  the 
want  of  men  and  means.  Their  missionary  funds  had  not  exceeded  yet 
$400  per  year.  Complaints  were  heard  from  many  quarters.  There  were 
many  calls  from  churches  in  the  Union,  and  nearer  home.  By  resolution, 
the  field  had  been  limited  to  Canada  and  the  routes  thither.  In  1815, 
Synod  permitted  operations  elsewhere  in  the  States.  A  mission  to  Deer 
Park,  (Port  Jervis,)  by  C.  C.  Eltinge,  in  1816,  resulted  in  his  settlement 
there,  where  he  continued  for  twenty-seven   years. 

With  the  transfer  of  the  committee  to  New-York,  the  Canadian  churches 
were  quietly  abandoned.  One  minister  in  each  Classis  was  now  written  to, 
that  the  proper  fields  at  home  might  become  known.  Some  of  the  Classes 
had  begun  to  retain  their  money,  for  their  own  missionary  necessities.  Her- 
kimer, Fulton,  Schoharie,  Saratoga,  Washington,  and  Warren  Counties,  N.Y., 
Sussex,  N.  J.,  Pike,  Pa.,  and  the  locality  of  Spotswood,  N.  J.,  were  the  fields 
now  opening  to  view.  A  church  was  soon  organized  at  Spotswood,  through 
the  labors  of  Van  Hook.  Isaac  Ferris  labored  for  three  months  along  the 
Mohawk,  and  received  a  call  to  Manheim,  but  declined.  Mr.  Switz  follow- 
ed him  there,  for  the  same  period.  The  next  year,  Messrs.  Ketchum  and 
Fort  were  sent  to  that  locality,  and  also  Mr.  Van  Hook,  after  having  spent 
a  short  time  at  Stillwater  in  Sussex  Co.,  N.  J.  Cent  societies  were  also 
started  at  this  time,  in  many  churches,  but  with  small  results. 

During  the  three  years  of  the  committee  in  New-York,  besides  the  church 
at  Spotswood,  others  were  organized — one  at  Oppenheim,  one  at  Fayette, 
Seneca  Co.,  and  one  at  Le  Roy,  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.  Eight  missionaries 
had  been  employed.  In  1821,  Synod  appointed  Messrs.  Knox,  Milledo- 
ler,  and  WoodhuU  a  committee  to  draw  up  a  new  plan  for  missionary  opera- 
tions, and  to  report  to  next  Synod.  But  their  action  was  forestalled  by 
individual  efforts.  At  the  suggestion  of  Paschal  N.  Strong,  a  number  of 
pious  individuals,  in  January,  1822,  organized  themselves  into  a  society,  to 
be  known  as  "  The  Missionary  Society  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church." 
The  formation  of  this  Society  was  mad£  known  to  the  synod,  and  the  matter 
was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Missions.  Its  birth  was  hailed  with  joy. 
Its  board  of  managers  was  made  Synod's  Standing  Committee  on  Missions, 
and  all  the  churches  were  exhorted  to  form  auxiliary  societies,  not  only  for 
domestic  but  for  foreign  missionary  operations.  During  this  period,  three 
Classes  were  organized,  namely,  Long  Island,  1813,  Philadelphia,  1814, 
and  Washington,  1818. 

THIRD  PERIOD — 1822-32. 

j  The  policy  of  the  new  society  was  to  employ  as  many  of  the  graduates 


THE   BOARDS.  373 

of  the  seminary  as  were  willing  to  undertake  missions,  to  have  auxili;iry 
societies  in  every  congregation,  and  to  take  up  collections  at  the  monthly 
concerts  for  prayer.  They  published  reports  each  year,  which  were  scat- 
tered through  the  churches.  This  society  was  the  beginning  of  a  new  life. 
It  was  felt  that  a  brighter  day  was  dawning.  Nearly  $2000  were  contri- 
buted in  the  first  four  months,  and  the  amount  increased,  in  the  sixth  year, 
to  more  than  $5000.  During  the  ten  years  of  the  existence  of  this  society, 
thej'  collected  more  than  $30,000,  andaidedabout  100  churches  or  stations, 
and  130  missionaries.  This  society  also  started,  in  182G,  the  Magazine  of 
the  R.  D.  Church,  issued  monthly,  and  which,  four  j'ears  later,  was  trans- 
formed into  the  Christian  Intelligencer. 

They  confined  their  efforts  to  the  then  limits  of  the  church,  in  strength- 
ening and  establishing  present  organizations,  rather  than  extending. 

But  the  Particular  Synod  of  Albany  felt  at  lenijth  that  they  were  remote 
from  the  Board,  and  did  not  receive  all  the  help  which  their  destitute  locali- 
ties demanded,  and  accordingly,  in  1828,  the  Synod  directed  that  a  Northern 
Board  be  appointed  by  the  Missionary  Society,  to  act  under  them.  They 
were  accordingly  organized,  and  appointed  J.  F.  Schermerhorn  their  agent, 
(1820,)  to  call  forth  the  resources  of  the  church,  and  determine  ihe  proper 
missionary  fields.  There  were  at  the  time  (1830)  159  ministers,  12  licen- 
tiates, and  19-t  churches,  of  which  33  were  vacant,  and  2G  in  need  of  aid. 
Mr.  S.  gave  a  new  impetus  to  the  work  of  benevolence  in  the  church.  But 
the  Northern  Board  was  dissatisfied  with  present  arrangements.  They 
were,  in  fact,  only  a  sub-committee  of  the  society  in  New-York,  to  which 
every  thing  must  be  finally  referred.  They  were  much  crippled  in  their 
operations.  They  could  do  nothing  independentlj'.  They  kindly  asked 
that  the  wisdom  of  Synod  would  consider  the  matter.  The  Missionary 
Society  was  not  wholly  under  the  control  of  Synod.  Some  collisions  had 
occurred.     Mr.  Schermerhorn  had  been  discharged  by  the  N.  Y.  society  in 

1830.  It  was  felt  that  Synod  should  have  full  power  over  all  the  missiona- 
ry operations  of  the  church.  Synod  accordingly  notified  the  society  that 
the  officers  whom  thej^  had  recently  elected  should  be  continued  during  the 
present  year,  but  that  next  year  their  number  should  be  reduced  to  15, 
(one  half,)  and  Synod  would  elect  them,  and  they  were  requested  to  alter 
their  constitution  accordingl}'.  Their  duties  were  also  limited  to  the  Par- 
ticular Synod  of  New-York,  while  Synod  elected  15  for  a  similar  society  in 
the  north.  Mr.  Schermerhorn  was  also  appointed  general  agent  of  the  church, 
at  a  salary  of  $1300  a  year,  to  be  raised  tjy  private  subscription.  But  the 
old  society  in  New-York  refused  to  conform  to  the  injunction  of  Synod.  In 

1831,  therefore,  Synod  changed  the  basis  of  all  the  operations,  by  constituting 
the  Board  of  Missions.  The  benevolence  of  the  church  was  for  a  few  years 
nearly  equally  divided  between  the  two  societies,  but  at  length  the  old  socie- 
ty became  au.xiliary  to  the  new  Board.  In  1831,  forty-five  missionary  sta- 
tions were  reported.  During  this  period,  four  Classes  were  organized,  name- 
ly, Schenectady,  Cayuga,  and  Schoharie,  1820,  and  the  South  Classis  of 
New- York,  1828. 


374  THE    BOAEDS. 

FOURTH  PERIOD — 1831  TO  PRESENT  TIME. 

This  Board  of  Missions  had  all  the  mission  operations  of  the  church  com- 
mitted to  its  hands.  Mr.  Schermerhorn  went  at  once  vigorously  to  work. 
More  than  $5400  crowned  his  efforts  in  the  first  year,  and  eight  new 
churches  were  organized  and  pastors  installed  over  them.  Yet  there  exist- 
ed great  prejudice  against  the  employment  of  an  agent.  Unkind  remarks 
were  made  concerning  him.  Dr.  C.  C.  Cuyler,  in  1832,  ably  vindicated  the 
necessity  and  propriety  of  the  office,  and  Mr.  Schermerhorn  was  elected  a 
third  time  to  this  position  ;  but  he  now  declined,  and  Rev.  A.  H.  Dumont 
was  elected  in  his  place.  The  old  Missionacy  Society  continued  to  send 
tlieir  reports,  but  Synod  declined  to  take  any  action  on  them.  Great  excite- 
ment prevailed  on  the  whole  subject,  for  a  couple  of  years,  and  the  church 
paper  was  filled  with  the  discussion.  Mr.  Dumont's  efforts,  for  the  single 
year  of  his  service,  secured  about  $5200.  But  in  1838,  for  some  reason, 
Synod  was  mistakenly  induced  to  discontinue  the  agency ;  but  with  bad  re- 
sults, the  receipts  falling  off  $2400,  the  first  year.  The  old  Missionary 
Society  now  consented  to  become  auxiliary  to  the  Board,  and  their  receipts 
swelled  the  total  to  $5G00.  The  German  Church  also  about  this  time  made 
informal  overtures  for  united  efforts  to  help  their  churches  in  Central  Penn- 
sylvania. For  nine  years  the  Board  depended  on  classical  agents.  During 
this  time,  (1837,)  the  first  church  of  the  denomination  was  organized  in  the 
"West,  at  Fairview,  111.  Other  churches  were  subsequently  organized  in 
Michigan,  Illinois,  and  the  territory  of  Wisconsin.  In  1841,  these  were  suf- 
ficient to  organize  the  Classes  of  Illinois  and  Michigan,  and  ten  years  later 
the  Classis  of  Holland.  The  yearly  benevolence  during  this  period,  for  this 
cause,  only  amounted  to  four  or  five  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  though 
it  had  sometimes  exceeded  $6000,  in  earlier  years,  (1830-85.)  About  35 
churches  per  annum  received  aid  from  the  board.  But  in  1842  a  financial 
secretary  was  appointed,  Rev.  Ransford  "Wells,  to  take  the  general  superin- 
tendence of  both  the  Foreign  and  Domestic  Missions,  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion, and  the  Sabbath-School  Union.  The  next  year,  in  consequence  of  en- 
larged operations  and  the  need  of  increased  services,  a  division  of  duties 
was  made — those  pertaining  to  the  western  missions  being  placed  in  the 
hands  of  Rev.  B.  C.  Taylor,  and  those  pertaining  to  the  eastern,  in  the 
hands  of  Rev.  G.  H.  Fisher.  The  cause  was  now  in  a  prosperous  condition. 
Many  churches  were  organized  and  assisted.  In  1844,  however,  Dr.  'W'ells 
resigned,  and  the  loss  of  the  financial  agent  was  plainly  visible.  During 
the  last  year  of  his  labors,  the  receipts  of  the  Board  reached  the  sum  of 
$9516,  and  the  subsequent  year  they  decreased  nearly  $3000.  The  name 
of  the  Board  was  also  at  this  time  changed,  from  the  "  Board  of  Missions," 
to  the  "Board  of  Domestic  Missions  of  General  Synod.".  The  secretaries 
of  the  cast  and  the  west  continued  their  labors  till  1849.  In  1845,  the  Sy- 
nod appointed  Rev.  Dr.  Ferris  to  visit  the  western  field  and  report  its  con- 
dition. About  this  time  also  the  large  immigration  of  Hollanders  began  ; 
they  settled  in  Michigan  and  adjoining  States.     These  naturally,  to  a  large 


,  THE    BOARDS.  375 

extent,  unitotl  with  the  Reformed  Church.  -^.They  were  driven  liithcr  hy  re- 
ligious persecution.  {See  p.  10.)  Operations  were  soon  greatly  enlarged, 
and  in  1849  the  Board  was  reorganised,  and  Rev.  John  Garretson  chosen  as 
the  secretary. 

During  the  following  decade  of  years  no  less  than  one  hundred  and  fifty 
new  churches  were  organized,  many  of  them  under  the  auspices  of  the  Do- 
mestic Board.  During  this  same  time  the  receipts  more  tiian  doubled,  reach- 
ing, in  the  year  of  Dr.  Garretson's  resignation,  the  sum  of  nearly  §17,000. 
Rev.  Anson  Du  Bois  succeeded  Dr.Garretson,  and  having  served  in  this  capa- 
city for  three  years,  Rev.  Go^^n  Talmage  took  his  place.  Rev.  Cyrus  Vander- 
veer  succeeded  for  a  brief  space,  (July,  18G7 — April,  1868,)  and  the  posi- 
tion is  now  occupied  bj'^  Rev.  Jacob  "West.  The  receipts  for  the  year  end- 
ing April,  1868,  were  $28,470.  The  number  of  Classes  during  the  existence 
of  this  Board  has  more  tlian  doubled.  The  Board  during  tlie  3'ear  1808  em- 
plo3'ed  seventy-three  laborers  and  assisted  seventy-nine  churches.  These 
churches  contributed  to  tlie  funds  of  the  Board,  for  the  year  ending  April, 
1808,  about  $1250.  The  Board  of  Domestic  Missions  was  incorporated  in 
1867,  and  now  holds  its  own  funds,  these  having  been  previously  held  by 
the  Board  of  Corporation. 

In  1854,  the  plan  of  a  Church  Building  Fund  was  proposed,  in  accordance 
with  a  provision  in  the  original  constitution  of  the  Board.  The  original  de- 
sign was  to  secure  a  capital  fund  of  not  less  than  $25,000,  to  loan  to  feeble 
churches,  for  the  erection  of  their  buildings,  to  an  amount  not  to  exceed 
one  fifth  of  the  cost  of  such  building.  The  Board  of  Corporation  was  to 
take  a  first  bond  and  mortgage  of  the  consistory,  exacting  no  interest,  but 
said  bond  becoming  immediately  payable  in  case  of  any  change  of  eccle- 
siastical relations.  But  nothing  effectual  was  done  for  sevei'al  years.  In 
1861,  and  again  in  1862,  the  plan  was  modified ;  henceforth  applications 
from  churches  were  only  to  come  through  the  Classis,  stating  the  amount 
required,  and  the  amount  to  be  raised  by  the  people.  A  first  bond  and 
mortgage  was  to  be  given,  payable  in  one  year,  the  interest  to  be  remitted 
at  the  discretion  of  the  Board  ;  but  then  such  church  was  to  take  up  a 
yearl)''  collection  for  the  fund.  Every  church  aided  was  expected  to  pa}^  back 
the  aid  received,  as  soon  as  possible ;  no  cliurch  can  receive  aid,  which 
would  have  a  debt  remaining.  This  fund  has  now  reached  an  amount  of 
about  $35,000,  most  of  which  has  been  loaned  to  feeble  churches. 

BOARD    OF    EDUCATION. 

An  Educational  Society  was  organized  independently,  in  the  year  1828, 
for  the  purpose  of  assisting  needy  students  in  their  preparation  for  the 
ministr}'.  In  the  last  century,  and  early  part  of  this,  a  fee  of  £15  had 
been  exacted  from  each  church  calling  and  settling  a  licentiate,  and  a  fee  of 
£0,  generally,  from  each  student,  on  receiving  his  license  to  preach.  From 
these  moneys  indigent  students  were  sometimes  assisted,  or  the  professorial 


376  THE   BOARDS. 

fee  for  a  diploma  was  paid,  if  the  student  were  unable  to  meet  the  ex 
pense  himself.  When  a  fund  for  the  support  of  a  professorship  began  to 
be  raised,  it  was  also  stipulated  that  needy  students  should  be  assisted  from 
the  same.     (Theological  Seminaries.)- 

In  1812,  it  was  ordered  that  collections  should  be  taken  up  in  the  churches 
for  this  object.  A  committee  was  also  appointed  at  the  same  Synod  to 
confer  with  the  trustees  of  Queen's  College  concerning  the  provision  of  a 
fund  to  meet  the  necessities  of  the  students,  while  the  Board  of  Superinten- 
dents were  also  permitted  to  draw  from  the  treasurer  of  Synod  such 
amounts  as  they  deemed  proper,  for  this  purpose.  The  copyright  of  the 
psalm  and  hymn  book  was  also  secured  to  Synod  for  the  benefit  of  students, 
the  publishers  being  requested  to  pay  Synod  six  cents  for  each  copy  sold. 
But  in  five  years  this  only  amounted  to  $240.  With  the  first  instalments 
of  the  Van  Bunschooten  bequest,  in  1814,  some  additional  help  was  obtain- 
ed. In  1815,  Miss  Rebecca  Knox,  of  Philadelphia,  (a  member  of  Dr.  Brod- 
head's  church,)  left  $2000,  for  the  support  of  students,  but  which  did  not 
become  immediately  available.  Cent  societies,  established  in  many  congre- 
gations, also  brought  in  means  to  some  extent.  From  all  these  sources, 
the  Board  of  Superintendents  distributed  $200,  in  the  year  1814,  spending 
in  addition  $120,  for  the  purchase  of  Hebrew  Bibles.  An  increasing  amount 
was  appropriated  each  year,  until  1819,  when  they  distributed  the  sum  of 
$1315  ;  but  the  amount  distributed  did  not  reach  as  high  a  figure  as  this 
again  till  1828,  the  same  year  in  which  the  Educational  Society  was  organ- 
ized. 

On  the  seventh  day  of  May,  1828,  a  number  of  ministers  and  friends  met 
in  the  lecture-room  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  in  the  city  of  New-York,  to 
consider  the  propriety  of  organizing  a  Board  of  Education.  Dr.  Milledoler 
was  called  to  the  chair,  who  opened  the  meeting  with  prayer.  The  circu- 
lar which  called  the  meeting  showed,  that,  at  a  free  conversation  on  the 
general  interests  of  the  church,  held  in  the  preceding  November,  between 
Rev.  Messrs.  Milledoler,  Knox,  Kuypers,  Brownlee,  Ludlow,  P.  Labagh, 
Schermerhorn,  and  De  Witt,  it  was  ascertained  that  a  general  desire  exist- 
ed for  more  efficient  action  in  the  missionary  and  educational  interests  of 
the  church.  Hence  this  meeting  at  the  call  of  a  committee,  to  organize  a 
Board  of  Education.  A  constitution  was  at  once  adopted  containing  twelve 
articles,  stating  the  objects  of  the  Board,  the  terms  of  annual  and  life  mem- 
berships, the  manner  of  government,  through  the  necessary  officers  and  an 
executive  committee,  and  the  manner  of  receiving  beneficiaries.  Any  do- 
nation of  $1500  or  more,  for  the  founding  of  a  scholarship,  was  to  be  dis- 
tinguished by  the  name  of  the  donor.  Col.  Henrj'  Rutgers  was  elected  the 
first  president.  An  address  was  at  once  prepared  by  a  committee,  consist- 
ing of  Drs.  Mathews,Brow'nlee,  and  De  Witt,  and  distributed  to  the  churches. 
The  amount  granted  to  a  beneficiary  was  then  limited  to  $90  per  an- 
num. They  designed  rather  to  aid  a  student  than  to  sustain  him  fully. 
Auxiliary  societies  existed  in  certain  of  the  Classes,  and  in  single  churches. 


THE   BOARDS.  377 

Durinc;  its  first  j'car  the  Board  ami  its  auxiliaries  assisted  about  twenty 
students.  In  1831,  this  Education  Society,  which  had  been  orjraiu'zed  by 
individual,  not  ecclesiastical,  action,  requested  General  Synod  to  take  charge 
of  it  as  its  own  Board.  This  was  proposed,  partly,  because  donations  be- 
gan to  be  left  to  it,  while  it  was  not  formally  connected  with  the  Synod, 
and  partly  to  increase  still  further  the  confidence  of  the  churches.  The 
old  otticers  were  reap[)ointed  by  Synod  as  its  officers,  and  a  committee 
was  appointed  to  remodel  it.  A  new  Board  was  accordingly  constituted  in 
1832,  and  the  funds  of  the  old  Board  turned  over  to  the  care  of  General 
Synod. 

The  organization  of  this  Board  was  the  beginning  of  a  new  life  for  the 
educational  interests  of  the  church.  A  number  of  scholarships  were  soon 
founded  by  individuals.  Many  of  these  were  allowed  to  accumulate  for  a 
time,  if  not  sufficient,  at  first,  to  meet  the  due  appropriations  to  the  students. 
The  following  is  the  list  of  them,  in  their  present  amounts,  with  the  )'ears 
in  which  they  were  founded  : 

scnoLAiisniPs. 

1828.  Heyer, $2500 

1830.  Henry  Rutgers,             ......  1700 

1830.  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer,     ......  1700 

1830.  William  P.  Van  Rensselaer, 1700 

1834.  The  Cornell,  by  Peter  Stryker,  of  Flatbush,        .            .            .  2350 

1834.  John  Wyckoff,  of  Ne-Shanic,               ....  2500 

1835.  Mrs.  Margaret  Burgess,  of  New-York,  ....  1700 
1837.  John  Clark,  of  New- York,  .....  3000 
1837.  James  Bogert,  Jr..  of  New- York,    .....  2000 

1837.  Isaac  L.  Kip,  by  his  sons,  .....  1700 

1838.  Tannake  Turk,  by  Miss  Anna  Turk,  of  New-York,  in  the  name 

of  her  late  Mother,  .....  1700 

1839.  Richard  Cadmus,  of  Bergen  Point,        ....  2000 

1841.     Stryker,  (by  accumulation  of  the  Cornell  Scholarship,)       .  2000 

1844.     Miss  Maria  Freeborne,  of  Flatbush        ....  2000 

1846.    Hornbcck,  (two,)        .  .....  4000 

1850.     James  Bogert,  Jr.,  of  New- York,  ....  2000 

1853.  Cor.  C.  Cuyler,  by  his  son  Theodore  Cuyler,  Esq.,  of  Philadel- 

phia,       ........       2000 

1854.  Margaret  Ten  Evck, )  ,  ,,  (  .  .  2000 
1854.     Catalina  Ten  Eyck,    \  ^^  ^^^^ff^^et  Ten  Eyck,  -J           _            _       oq^^q 

1857.  Moses  Cowan,              ....             .             .  2500 

1860.  Daniel  J.  Schanck,  of  Monmouth  Co.,  N.  J.,         .            .            .  3000 

1860.  James  Suydani,            .....             .  10,000 

1863.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  Do  Witt,  by  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  De 

Witt,  of  New-York,            .....  2500 

1805.  Edward  Lansing  Pruyn,    ......  2500 

1867.  Gerrit  Y.  Lansing,        .......    2500 


3V8  THE    BOAEUS. 

1867.  Maria  Lefferts,         .......   |4750 

1868.  Josliua  Hornbeck,  ......  2000 

1868.     James  Suydam,        .......    2000 

These  scholarships,  together  with  the  Van  Bunschooten  and  Knox  Funds, 
and  more  recently  the  Smock  Fund,  ($500,  1859,)  the  Mandeville  Fund, 
($2000,  1865,)  and  the  Voorhees  Fund,*  ($26,000,  1867,)  all  under  the 
care  of  the  trustees  of  Rutgers  College,  make  a  capital  of  more  than  $120,- 
000,  for  the  education  of  students  for  the  ministry,  besides  the  annual 
church  collections  and  private  gifts,  now  about  $10,000  per  annum.  Thus 
has  this  department  of  the  Church  grown,  from  comparatively  insignificant 
beginnings.  During  the  year  ending  with  May,  1868,  $5239  were  distribu- 
ted among  forty-six  students,  and  nearly  the  same  amount  to  professors 
and  teachers  in  Hope  College — this  institution  being  yet  partially  dependent 
on  the  Board  of  Education,  having  matured  under  its  auspices  from  a  mere 
academical  to  a  collegiate  character;  parochial  schools  are  also  helped  to 
some  extent  by  this  Board.  In  1865,  Synod  empowered  this  Board  to  en- 
large its  sphere  of  operations,  and  cooperate  with  the  Classes  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  academies  and  classical  schools  within  their  bounds.  The  Van 
Bunschooten  and  Knox  Funds  remain  under  the  care  of  the  trustees  of  Rut- 
gers College,  as  the  Sjmod  was  unincorporated  when  these  funds  were 
donated.  On  account  of  the  recently  increased  endowment  of  this  college, 
tuition  fees  are  not  now  exacted  of  beneficiaries.  About  one  third  of  the 
present  ministry  of  the  church  are  indebted  to  the  Board  of  Education  for 
assistance,  while  preparing  for  the  ministry. 

Rev.  J.  F.  Schermerhorn,  the  general  agent  of  all  the  benevolent  opera- 
tions of  the  church,  was  active  in  collecting  funds  for  this  Board,  1830-32. 
Rev.  A.  H.  Dumont  succeeded  him,  for  a  single  year.  Contributions 
amounted  to  about  $8000  per  annum,  at  this  time,  although  diminished  in 
1832  by  the  epidemic.  For  the  next  decade  of  years,  the  services  of  a  spe- 
cial secretary  were  dispensed  with,  classical  agents  being  employed  to  rep- 
resent the  educational  interests  of  the  church.  In  1843,  Rev.  Ransfor 
Wells  was  appointed  as  a  financial  secretary  to  take  the  general  superin- 
tendence of  all  the  boards.  He  occupied  this  position  for  only  two  years. 
Again,  for  more  than  half  a  score  of  years,  the  Board  remained  without  a 
corresponding  secretary,  but  its  small  receipts  (less  than  $1700,  in  1855,) 
compelled  them  to  seek  a  more  efficient  plan  of  operations.  Rev.  J.  A.  H, 
Cornell  was  accordingly  appointed  to  this  office,  in  1855,  under  whose  en- 
ergetic efforts  this  Board  was  thoroughly  revived.  In  1857  the  Board  was 
reorganized.  At  the  end  of  the  six  years  of  his  service  the  contributions 
of  the  churches  for  this  cause  had  increased  nearly  six-fold.  Upon  his  re- 
signation, from  ill-health,  in  1861,  Rev.  John  L.  See  was  appointed  as  his 
successor,  who  is  the  present  incumbent. 

*  It  seems  the  benefit  of  this  fund  is  limited  to  'he  aiding  of  young  men,  who  are  candi- 
dates for  the  ministry,  while  pursuing  their  studies  in  Rutgers  College. 


THE   BOARDS.  379 


BOARD   OF  PUBLICATION. 


This  Board  was  organized  in  1855,  the  incipient  steps  for  its  organization 
having  been  taken  by  the  General  Synod  the  previous  year.  It  is  com- 
posed of  twelve  ministers  and  twelve  laymen,  one  third  part  of  whom  arc 
elected  annually  by  the  General  Synod. 

To  this  board  are  intrusted,  with  such  directions  and  instructions  as  may 
from  time  to  time  bo  given  b}''  the  General  Synod,  the  superintendence  of 
all  the  publications  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,  and  the  circuhuion 
of  such  works  pertaining  to  the  history,  government,  doctrines,  and  re- 
ligious literature  of  said  church,  and  of  other  evangelical  denominations,  as 
shall  be  properly  approved. 

Regarding  the  evangelical  press  as  the  co-worker  of  the  pastor,  in  sup- 
plementing his  labors  for  the  spread  of  the  truth  and  the  growth  of  the 
church,  its  publications  are  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  a  healthy  church 
life  and  to  the  preservation  of  unity  and  purity  of  faith  among  its  members. 

In  addition  to  works  of  a  denominational  value,  the  Depository  of  the 
Board,  at  103  Fulton  Street,  New- York,  has  constantly  on  hand  a  variety 
of  desirable  publications,  both  of  its  own  issues  and  of  other  publishing 
houses,  suited  to  promote  the  general  interests  of  religion  and  to  furnish 
sound,  instructive  reading  for  our  rapidly  increasing  population.  It  has 
also  a  choice  selection  of  Sahhath-scliuul  looJcx,  and,  as  far  as  its  means  will 
allow,  makes  donations  to  needy  schools. 

The  Board  entered  upon  its  work  with  an  empty  treasury,  and  has  been 
retarded  in  its  operations  from  the  want  of  funds.  Its  history,  however,  is 
an  illustration  of  growth  under  pressure.  Friends  came  with  timely  aid  to 
its  relief  It  has  recently  received  a  legacy  of  $5000.  The  General  Synod, 
regarding  it  as  an  important  agency,  commended  it  to  the  churches  for  a 
working  capital  of  $30,000.  Of  this  sum,  three  thousand  dollars  have  just 
been  secured. 

The  ofiBcers  of  this  Board  are  the  following,  namely  : 

Rev.  Thomas  De  Witt,  D.D.,  President. 

Rev.  Isaac  Ferris,  D.D.,  Vice-President. 

Rev.  John  A.  Lansing,  D.D.,  Cor.  Secretary. 

Peter  Duryee,  Esq.,  Treasurer.  J.  A.  L. 


FOREIGN  MISSIONS. 

THE  CnURCn  OF  THE  NETHERLANDS. 

The  Reformed  Church  of  the  Netherlands,  more  than  two  centuries  ago, 
preached  the  Gospel  to  the  heathen  as  opportunities  were  presented.  The 
merchants  of  the  United  Provinces  were  enterprising,  the  seamen  full  of 
courage,  and,  organized  as  an  East-India  Company,  they  established  com- 
mercial colonies  at  many  points  upon  the  coast  of  Asia,  and  on  many  of 


380  THE   BOARDS. 

the  contiguous  islands.  The  company,  the  government,  and  the  church 
worked  together  to  supply  the  settlements  with  Christian  pastors.  These 
godly  men  were  moved  with  compassion  for  the  multitudes  of  heathen  sur- 
rounding them.  They  learned  many  of  the  languages  of  Asia,  preached  to 
Buddhists  and  Mohammedans,  and  translated  Christian  books  into  Tamil, 
Malaj^  Chinese,  etc.  The  government  and  church  at  home  assisted  the 
colonial  pastors  generously,  although  not  always  wisely. 

The  first  clergj^man  from  Holland  arrived  in  Batavia  in  the  year  1598. 
In  1620,  Christian  worship  was  fully  established.  It  was  at  first  conducted 
in  the  Portuguese  and  Chinese  languages.  Rev.  Messrs.  Dubbledryk  and 
Candidius  were  probably  the  first  ministers  sent  to  the  East-Indies.  The 
former  was  soon  suspended  for  immoral  conduct ;  the  latter,  by  insisting 
upon  monogamy  among  the  natives,  awakened  such  a  spirit  of  opposition 
that  it  was  considered  prudent  to  transfer  him  to  Formosa  in  1627  ;  the 
government  cautioning  him  not  to  give  offense  to  the  Chinese  and  Japanese 
emperors. 

Soon  after  1630,  the  Netherlands  East-India  Company  supported  clergy- 
men of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Ceylon^  Sumatra,  Java,  Amioyna,  Hereso- 
ria,  Isles  of  Banda,  Goromandel,  Surat,  China,  Formosa,  Siam,  and  Ja2yan. 
In  all  these  countries,  or  dependencies,  churches  and  school-houses  were' 
built  by  the  combined  action  of  the  company,  the  government,  the  church 
at  home,  and  the  colonists. 

Many  translations  were  made.  For  the  use  of  the  Tamils  of  Cej'lon  and 
India  the  Bible  was  partially  translated.  Versions  M'ere  also  made  in 
Chinese  and  Malay  of  portions  of  the  Scriptures.  The  catechism  of  the 
clunxh  was  published  in  Tamil,  Chinese,  and  Malay,  and  was  translated 
into  some  of  the  more  local  dialects. 

It  is  stated  in  Newcomb's  Encyclopedia  of  Missions,  upon  what  authority 
we  do  not  know,  that  the  clergymen  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Asia  did 
not  learn  the  language  of  the  natives,  but  preached  through  interpreters. 
This  is  no  doubt  true  of  some,  but  not  of  all,  for  there  is  sufficient  proof 
that  translations  were  made  ;  they  are  in  existence  to  this  day. 

To  thousands  of  men  the  Gospel  was  preached.  In  the  province  of 
Jaifna  alone,  in  Ceylon,  there  were  thirty-four  churches  appropriated  to  the 
use  of  the  native  population,  in  which  63,000  hearers  gathered,  exclusive  of 
2000  baptized  slaves,  while  the  schools  connected  with  them  had  over 
16,000  native  children  in  regular  attendance.  Thousands  of  natives,  in 
Ceylon,  in  Batavia,  in  Formosa,  were  baptized  on  professing  an  intellectual 
assent  to  the  word  of  God.  It  is  unnecessary  to  quote  the  number  report- 
ed and  on  record.  In  accordance  with  the  universal  practice  of  the  Chris- 
tian church  of  that  day,  men  were  unwisely  admitted  to  church-fellow- 
ship if  able  to  give  a  tolerably  clear  statement  of  essential  doctrines,  and  on 
expressing  a  belief  in  the  same.  Evidences  of  conversion  and  a  statement 
of  Christian  experience  were  nowliere  required.  Beside  this,  employment 
under  the  government  was  given  only  to  the  natives  who  had  made  such  a 
profession.     This,  too,  was  in  accordance  with  almost  universal  custom. 


TUE    BOAKDS.  381 

Intended  as  an  encouragement,  it  acted  mainly,  almost  exclusively,  as  a 
bribe.* 

The  disposition  of  the  Church  of  the  Netherlands  may  be  learned  from 
the  fact  that,  between  1G15  and  1725,  no  less  than  33G  ministers  had 
labored  en  the  islands  or  mainland  of  what  was  then  commonly  called  the 
East-Indies.  Some  were  only  the  pastors  of  the  colonists  from  the  United 
Provinces,  others  were  truly  missionaries  to  the  heathen. 

AVhen  the  government  of  the  Netherlands  was  exhausted  by  long  and 
costly  wars,  undertaken  for  the  defense  and  preservation  of  Christianity 
and  civil  libert}',  and  became  unable  to  reenforce  many  of  its  Asiatic  com- 
mercial posts,  they  were  overpowered  by  the  superior  numbers  of  the  Eng- 
lish ships  and  forces,  and  brought  under  the  English  government.  The 
English  East-India  Company  not  only  totally  neglected  the  Christian  work 
begun  by  the  Hollanders  in  Asia,  but  discouraged  and  opposed  all  attempts 
to  win  the  natives  to  Christian! tj*. 

The  Holland  settlement  on  Formosa  was  overpowered  and  broken  up  by 
Chinese  pirates,  the  home  government  having  neither  money  nor  men  to 
spare  for  the  succor  of  its  colonies ;  both  had  been  spent  in  a  terrible  con- 
flict with  the  Papacy  and  despotism. 

THE    CnURCn    IN    AMERICA. 

The  emigrants  from  the  Netherlands  to  America  had  a  disposition  like 
that  of  those  who  had  formed  Christian  colonies  in  Asia,  and  at  a  very  early 
date  their  pastors  began  to  preach  to  the  Indians.  At  various  localities  in 
New-York  and  New- Jersey  tradition  testifies  that  the  Gospel  was  preached 
to  the  red  man  by  the  pastors  of  the  Reformed  churches,  and  prayers  offered 
by  the  people  for  his  conversion  and  salvation.  Recorded  particulars  of 
this  work  are  preserved  onh'  in  connection  with  the  settlement  at  Alban}'. 
In  lG4o,  Rev.  Mr.  Megapolensis  began  to  labor  among  the  Mohawk  Indians 
living  near  what  is  now  called  Albany.  This  was  three  years  previous 
to  the  labors  of  Rev.  John  Eliot,  of  Roxbur}^,  Mass.,  among  the  Indians 
of  that  locality.  Large  numbers  of  the  Mohawks  attended  the  preaching 
of  Megapolensis,  who  had  become  quite  a  fluent  speaker  in  their  language. 
Many  of  them  were  truly  conveited,  baptized,  and  received  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  tlie  Reformed  church  of  Albany.  The  baptismal  register  of  that 
church  contains  the  names  of  many  of  these  converts,  of  whom  the  greater 
proportion  were  of  adult  j'ears. 

The  work,  so  well  begun  by  this  good  man,  was  carried  on  with  equal  zeal 

*  In  Great  Britain  Nonconformists  were  excluded  from  office,  and  every  denomination 
included  large  numbers  of  men  who  had  professed  only  an  intellectual  assent  to  the  truth. 
In  New-England,  when  it  was  proposed  that  candidates  for  church-membership  should  give 
evidence  of  conversion,  the  proposition  met  a  general  and  earnest  opposition  ;  and  in  some 
of  the  States  a  man  could  not  obtain  office  unless  he  was  a  member  of  the  church.  Yet,  by 
writers  in  Great  Britain  and  New-England,  the  work  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Asia,  from 
1615  to  about  ITiO,  is  almost  uniformly  presented  in  such  a  form  as  to  leave  the  impression 
that  that  church  was  guilty  of  unusual  folly. 


382  THE   BOARDS. 

by  his  successors  in  the  pastoral  office.  The  Rev.  Godfrieclus  Dellius,  settled 
in  Albany  in  1683,  labored  with  much  success  among  these  red  men. 
During  his  ministry,  in  1691,  the  Indians  petitioned  the  English  governor, 
IJenry  Slaughter,  that  his  excellency  "will  for  the  future  take  an  especial 
care  that  we  may  be  instructed  in  the  Christian  religion."  The  governor 
returned  a  favorable  reply.  In  1703  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lydius,  the  successor  of 
Dellius,  labored  among  the  Mohawks,  receiving  the  countenance  of  the 
governor,  and  having  from  him  a-  special  pecuniary  provision  in  considera- 
tion of  the  work.  When  Lydius  died  there  were  thirty  Indian  communi- 
cants in  the  church  of  Albany. 

The  success  of  the  work  attracted  attention  in  Great  Britain,  and  in  A 
New  GeogrcqMcal  and  Historical  Grammar,  edited  by  a  Mr.  Salmon,  and 
published  in  London  in  1760,  a  famous  book  at  the  time,  it  is  said  in  regard 
to  the  Mohawks:  "At  Albany  they  are  all  brought  to  the  profession  of 
Christianity,  and  all  baptized ;  and  some  of  them  seem  to  have  a  tolerable 
notion  of  it,  and  have  earnestly  desired  a  missionary  to  be  sent  among 
them;  and  to  encourage  this  good  disposition  in  them,  the  Society  (for  the 
Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts)  appointed  a  catechist  among 
them,  a  native  of  America,  who  has  resided  among  them  and  applied  him- 
self to  the  study  of  their  language,  and  met  with  very  good  success."  The 
Rev.  llv.  Freeman  also,  the  pastor  of  the  Reformed  church  of  Schenectady, 
about  1700,  took  great  pains  to  instruct  the  Mohawks  who  came  to  that 
city.  He  reported  to  the  Society  already  mentioned  that  "he  had  trans- 
lated into  Indian  the  morning  and  evening  prayers  of  our  liturgy,  the  whole 
Gospel  of  St.  Matthew,  the  first  three  chapters  of  Genesis,  several  chapters 
of  Exodus,  several  Psalms,  many  portions  of  the  Scriptures  relating  to  the 
birth,  passion,  resurrection,  and  ascension  of  our  Lord ;  and  several  chap- 
ters of  the  first  Epistle  to  the  Corinthians,  particularly  the  fifteenth  chap- 
ter, proving  the  resurrection  of  the  dead."'  He  also  translated  the  Ten 
Commandments  and  the  Apostles'  Creed.  These  translations  were  pre- 
sented to  the  Society,  and  some  of  them  were  printed  in  the  city  of  New- 
York  about  1713. 

From  this  early  period  to  the  present,  the  Reformed  Church  which  came 
from  the  Netherlands  to  the  United  States  has  been  heartily  engaged  in  the 
endeavor  to  win  pagan  peoples  to  the  knowledge  and  love  of  Christ. 

MISSIONARY    ORGANIZATIONS. 

In  November,  1796,  the  New- York  Missionary  Society  was  formed  in 
the  city  of  New- York.  The  Presbyterian,  Reformed,  and  Baptist  Churches 
were  represented  in  its  membership.  During  the  first  year  of  its  existence 
one  thousand  dollars  were  contributed  for  the  support  of  its  work.  A 
missionary  was  sent  to  the  Chickasaw  Indians,  in  Georgia ;  aid  was  granted 
to  the  Rev.  John  Sergeant,  a  missionary  to  the  Stockbridge  Indians,  Connec- 
ticut ;  and  an  Indian  preacher,  named  Paul  CufFee,  was  supported  amongst 
the  Indians  of  Suffolk  County,  Long  Island.     In  1800,  the  Society  added  a 


THE   BOARDS.  383 

missionary  (o  the  Tiiscaroras  and  Scnccas  in  Western  New-York,  employ- 
ing also,  by  his  request,  Niciiolas  Oiisick  as  a  native  helper.  'J'his  work 
was  continued  with  considerable  success  for  a  number  of  ja-ars. 

The  iirst  printed  list  of  officers,  that  ha.s  come  down  to  us,  the  one  pub- 
lished in  17'J!),  has  the  following  names: 

John  Rodgers,  D.D.,  President. 

John  II.  Livingston,  D.D.,  Vice-President. 

Mr.  Divie  Bethune,  Treasurer. 

Rev.  John  M.  Mason,  Secretary. 

Rev.  Samuel  Miller,  Clcrl: 

AVilliamLinn,  D.I).,  John  McKnight,  D.D.,  Rev.  GerardusKuypers,  Rev. 
John  N.  Abeel,  Peter  Wilson,  LL.l).,  Thomas  Mackaness,  Esq.,  Anthony 
Post,  Esq.,  Leonard  Bleecker,  Esq.,  Mr.  George  Lindsay,  Mr.  George  War- 
ner, Mr.  John  Bingham,  Mr.  John  Mills,  Directors. 

A  remarkable  feature  of  the  method  adopted  by  this  organization  is  found 
in  the  "Plan  for  social  prayer,"  adopted  January  18th,  1708.  By  this  plan 
a  union  prayer-meeting  was  established  by  these  resolutions : 

"1.  That  the  second  Wednesday  evening  of  every  month,  beginning  at 
candlelight,  be  observed,  from  February  next,  by  the  members  of  the  soci- 
ety, and  all  who  are  willing  to  join  with  them,  for  the  purpose  of  offering  up 
their  praj'ers  and  supplications  to  the  God  of  grace,  that  he  would  be  pleased 
to  pour  out  his  Spirit  on  his  church,  and  send  Ids  Gospel  to.all  nations  ;  and 
that  he  would  succeed  the  endeavors  of  this  societ}^,  and  all  societies  insti- 
tuted on  the  same  principles,  and  for  the  same  ends. 

"2.  That  these  evenings  of  prayer  be  observed  in  rotation,  in  the 
churches  of  this  city  to  whose  judicatories  they  may  be  acceptable,  and 
of  which  there  is  a  minister  belonging  to  this  society ;  beginning  with  the 
Old  Presbyterian  Church,  and  proceeding  next  to  the  Scots  Presbyterian 
Church,  next  to  the  New  Dutch  Church,  next  to  the  First  Baptist  Church, 
next  to  the  Brick  Presbyterian  Church,  next  to  the  North  Dutch  Church, 
and  then  the  service  to  revert  to  the  place  it  began ;  provided  that,  if  the 
ministers  of  any  other  churches  become  members  of  the  societj^  a  due  pro- 
portion of  the  services,  in  the  regular  course,  be  performed  in  said  churches." 

This  custom  had  in  it  the  germ  of  the  monthly  concert. 

Before  this  society  Rev.  John  M.  Mason,  D.D.,  preached  on  Nov.  Tth,  1797, 
in  the  Old  Presbyterian  Church,  in  Wall  street,  his  notable  sermon  entitled 
"Messiah's  Throne,"  and  on  the  23d  of  April,  1799,  (the  annual  meeting 
having  been  adjourned  from  Nov.  '98  on  account  of  the  ravages  of  the  yel- 
low fever,)  Rev.  John  II.  Livingston,  D.D.,  preached  in  the  Scots  Pres- 
bj-tcrian  church,  in  Cedar  street,  his  famous  sermon  on  "  Ciirist  is  all,  and 
in  all."  Both  of  these  sermons  presented  the  declarations  of  the  Scriptures 
respecting  the  extension  of  the  Redeemer's  kingdom  over  the  whole  world, 
and  enforced  the  duty  of  the  church  to  evangelize  all  nations.  Both  of  the 
sermons  had  a  wide  circulation,  were  read  by  Ciiristians  in  all  parts  of  the 
countr}',  and  had  much  to  do  with  the  formation  of  a  desire  to  engage  in 
the  work  of  foreisrn  missions. 


384  THE   BOARDS. 

The  Northern  Missionary  Society  was  formed  during  a  meeting  which 
began  at  Lansingburgh,  N.  Y.,  on  the  11th  of  January,  1797,  when  a  con- 
stitution was  provisionally  adopted,  and  adjourned  to  meet  at  Albany,  N.  Y., 
on  February  14th,  1797,  when  the  constitution  was  amended,  altered,  and 
finally  adopted.  This  society  included  ministers  and  members  of  the  Re- 
formed, Presbyterian,  and  Baptist  churches.  The  officers  for  the  first  year, 
most  of  M'hom  were  continued  for  several  years,  were  as  follows  : 

Rev.  Dirck  Romeyri,  D.D.,  President. 

Rev.  James  Proudfit,  Vice-President.  ^ 

Rev.  John  Bassett,  Secretary. 

Rev.  Jonas  Coe,  Clerl: 

Rev.  Elbert  Willet,  Treasurer. 

Revs.  Dr.  John  B.  Smith,  John  Close,  Samuel  Smith,  Isaac  Labagh,  John 
B.  Johnson,  David  S.  Bogart,  William  McCauley,  Daniel  Marsh,  James  Mairs, 
John  Dunlap,  Anthony  T.  Braun,  Robert  F.  Smith,  Alexander  Proudfit, 
Jacob  Sickles,  General  James  Gordon,  Hunloche  Woodruff,  M.D.,  Messrs. 
Ebenezer  Clark,  Abraham  Eights,  Isaac  Ilutton,  Jacob  Vanderheyden, 
Abraham  Hunn,  General  Abraham  Outhout,  Messrs.  Elijah  Janes,  Corne- 
lius P.  Wyckoff,  Directors. 

This  association  was  similar  to  that  organized  in  New- York  Cit3\  It  con- 
tinued to  exist  until  about  1830.  It  sent  missionaries  to  the  Indians  of 
Central  and  Western  New- York.  Many  were  instructed  in  the  truth,  and 
led  to  repentance  toward  God,  and  fiiith  in  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

At  about  the  year  1800,  missionary  societies  were  formed  in  Connecticut, 
New-Jersey,  Massachusetts,  and  New-Hampshire.  All  instructed  the  Indians 
in  the  Word  of  God  ;  all  also  kept  in  view  the  work  of  evangelizing  pagan 
nations.  The  magazines  published  by  these  organizations  reported  the  work 
of  the  Moravians,  of  the  London  Missionary  Society,  then  engaged  on  the 
South-Sea  Islands,  and  of  the  attempts  made  to  introduce  the  Gospel  among 
the  people  of  Africa  and  India.  By  this  intelligence,  by  the  sermons 
preached,  the  appeals  made,  a  missionary  spirit  was  awakened  in  all  parts 
of  the  United  States,  which  at  last  culminated  in  the  formation  of  the 
American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions. 

In  the  year  181G,  overtures  from  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  and  the  Synod  of  the  Associate  Reformed  Church  were  presented 
to  the  General  Synod  of  the  Reformed  Church,  proposing  that  these  bodies 
should  engage  in  forming  a  missionary  association.  The  General  Sjmod 
acceded  to  the  plan  and  connected  itself  with  the  "United  Missionary 
Society."  This  organization  sent  missionaries  to  the  American  Indians. 
After  a  few  years,  as  pecuniary  embarrassments  increased,  it  was  proposed 
that  the  society  should  be  amalgamated,  as  it  was  termed,  with  the  Ameri- 
can Board.  The  proposition  was  discussed  with  much  earnestness  in  the 
General  Synod,  and  many  of  the  ministry  warmly  opposed  it;  but  in  1826 
the  measure  was  adopted,  and  the  United  Missionary  Society  merged  into 
the  American  Board.  Not  a  k^^.,  however,  in  the  Reformed  Church  were 
not  pleased  that  the  contributions  of  the  churches  were  used  only  for  the 


TIIU    IJOARDS.  385 

organization  and  snpport  of  Congregational  cluirchca  in  heathen  lands,  and 
that  no  provision  was  made  for  tlie  cstablislunent  of  churches  of  our  own 
order.  This  dissatisfaction  increased  until  18:J2,  when  a  plan  was  adopted 
by  the  Board  and  the  Church,  under  which  the  Church,  while  retaining  the 
advantages  of  a  connection  with  the  American  Board,  was  allowed  to  conduct 
missions  according  to  its  own  ecclesiastical  polity.  This  arrangement  con- 
tinued to  the  satisfaction  of  both  parties  until  the  Synod  of  1850.  In  1822 
"The  Missionary  Society  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church"  was  formed.  In 
1832  the  General  Synod  elected  "The  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Church."  This  superseded  tlic  former  society,  and  still 
exists  as  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions. 

In  185G  expression  was  given  through  the  Board  to  the  growing  convic- 
tion that  a  separation  from  the  American  Board  and  independent  action 
were  necessary,  in  order  to  produce  a  proper  sense  of  responsibility  and 
call  out  the  ability  of  the  church.  The  recommendation  of  the  Board  wa.s 
carefu'ly  considered  by  the  General  Synod  and  referred  to  the  Synod  of  the 
following  year.  During  the  sessions  held  in  Ithaca,  in  1857,  while  cnjoj-ing 
unusual  evidences  of  the  presence  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  the  Sj^nod  resolved 
to  discontinue  the  relations  that  had  existed  so  pleasantlj'  and  profitably, 
and  to  undertake  to  govern  and  maintain  its  own  missionary  operations. 
Through  the  mercy  of  God,  the  attempt  has  thus  far  been  successful. 

The  Reformed  Church  has  had  the  privilege  of  contributing  to  the  work 
of  foreign  missions  three  very  useful  men.  John  Scuddcr,  M.D.,  in  1819 
went  from  us  to  India.  He  was  commissioned  by  the  American  Board  as 
•the  medical  member  of  the  Ceylon  mission.  After  a  few  j^ears  he  was 
ordained  as  a  minister  of  the  word  of  God.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneers 
of  American  missions  among  the  Tamils.  God  gave  him  many  years,  and 
made  him  a  blessing  to  man}^  souls.  (Scuddek,  John.)  In  1829,  the  Rev. 
David  Abeel  was  sent  by  the  Seamen's  Friend  Society  to  Canton  as  a 
chaplain.  It  was  thought  that  by  such  an  appointment  Mr.  Abeel  would 
be  enabled  to  learn  the  language,  become  acquainted  with  the  customs  of 
China,  and  perhaps  to  preach  the  Gospel  to  the  people.  In  the  course  of 
the  year  Mr.  Abeel  became  a  missionary  of  the  American  Board.  He 
was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  American  missions  in  China.  Few  men  ac- 
complished more  in  conciliating  the  Chinese,  in  informing  the  Christians  of 
England  and  America  respecting  that  great  nation,  and  in  awakening  an 
interest  in  their  condition.  (Abeel,  David.)  In  1839,  C.  V.  A.  Van  Dyck, 
M.D.,  appointed  by  the  American  Board  as  the  missionary  physician  of  the 
Syria  mission,  left  the  Reformed  church  of  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.,  for  his 
field  of  labor.  God  has  granted  him  the  great  honor  of  completing  the 
Arabic  version  of  the  Word  of  God  that  had  been  begun  and  cariied  for- 
ward for  some  years  by  Rev.  Eli  Smith,  D.D.  By  a  council  composed  of 
missionaries,  which  held  only  that  meeting.  Dr.  Van  Dyck  was  ordained 
to  the  Gospel  ministry.  From  the  trustees  of  Rutgers  College  he  receivedl 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity,  never  more  worthily  bestowed.  (Van; 
Dyck,  C.  V.  A.) 
25 


386  THE   BOABDS. 


THE     MISSIONS. 


The  Borneo  Mission. — The  Rev.  David  Abeel  suggested  that  if  a  confer- 
ence were  had  with  the  Netherlands  Missionary  Society,  the  Reformed 
Church  might  be  able  to  secure  special  facilities  for  conducting  a  mission 
within  some  of  the  colonial  possessions  of  the  Dutch  government  in  the 
East-Indies.  lie  received  authority  to  visit  Holland  in  1834,  and,  after  in- 
terviews with  men  of  influence  and  authority  there,  he  recommended  to  the 
church  here  to  proceed  to  establish  a  mission  somewhere  within  Netherlands 
India.  In  the  following  year  Dr.  Abeel  visited  many  of  our  churches,  and 
awakened  a  great  interest  in  the  proposed  work.  Four  young  men  conse- 
crated themselves  to  the  service  of  the  church  in  this  new  and  difficult 
undertaking.  They  were  Elihu  Doty,  Elbert  Nevius,  William  Youngblood, 
of  the  class  which  graduated  that  year,  1836,  from  the  theological  seminary, 
^nd  Jacob  Ennis,  of  the  class  of  1835.  By  the  action  of  these  brethren  and 
itheir  addresses  a  more  earnest,  resolute,  and  general  missionary  spirit  was 
aroused  in  the  churches  than  had  ever  before  existed.  Miss  Azubah  C. 
■Condict,  the  sister  of  Mrs.  Nevius,  offered  herself  as  an  assistant  mission- 
ary and  was  commissioned.  Borneo  was  selected  as  the  field  to  be  occu- 
pied. This  company  sailed  during  the  sessions  of  the  General  Synod,  com- 
mended to  God  by  the  prayers  of  that  body,  while  the  whole  church  was 
moved  by  the  event. 

In  1838,  Revs.  William  J.  Pohlman  and  Frederick  B.  Thompson  were 
.accepted  as  members  of  this  mission,  and  sailed  for  the  East-Indies. 

In  1840,  a  further  reenforcement  was  sent,  consisting  of  the  Revs.  W.  T. 
Van  Doren  and  Isaac  P.  Stryker.  All  the  ministers  appointed  to  the  mis- 
sion thus  far  were  married,  except  Mr.  Stryker. 

In  1842,  the  Rev.  Wm.  H.  Steele,  unmarried,  sailed  for  Batavia  to  join 
the  Borneo  mission. 

The  mission  occupied  two  stations  on  the  Island  of  Borneo,  namely, 
Sambas  and  Pontianak.  Some  of  the  missionaries  devoted  themselves 
chiefly  to  the  Chinese  colonists  ;  the  others  labored  amongst  the  Dyaks.  On 
every  Sabbath  there  was  preaching  in  three  languages,  Dyak,  Malay,  and 
English,  at  the  mission  church,  and  religious  instruction  was  given  almost 
■daily  during  the  week.  A  school  for  Malay  children  was  conducted  by  Mr. 
Youngblood ;  another,  for  the  Chinese,  by  Mr.  Pohlman.  Nowhere  were  the 
missionaries  assailed  by  ridicule  or  persecution ;  the  mission  involved  a  very 
small  expenditure  of  money,  the  laborers  entreated  long  for  an  addition  to 
their  force,  but — Borneo  was  abandoned.  The  health  of  Mrs.  Nevius  com- 
pelled her  husband  to  return  with  her.  Mr.  Stryker  died  in  1842.  Messrs. 
Pohlman  and  Doty  left  for  China  in  1844.  In  1847,  Thompson  died  in 
Switzerland ;  Mr.  Youngblood's  health  failed,  and,  in  1849,  he  was  compelled 
to  return  to  the  United  States;  and  Mr.  Steele  was  summoned  home  to 
recruit  his  health  and,  if  possible,  obtain  a  reenforcement.  He  made  his 
appeal  to  the  Theological  Seminary  and  to  the  churches.  No  one  offered  to 
go  to  Borneo,  and  the  mission  was  abandoned. 


THE    BOARDS.  387 

It  should  bo  montionecl  that  the  government  of  the  Netherlands  com- 
pelled our  missionaries  to  reside  a  year  at  Batavia  before  allowing  them  to 
proceed  to  Borneo.  Mr.  Steele  onl}^  obtained  a  partial  release  from  this  re- 
striction. His  residence  in  Batavia  was  not  prolonged  beyond  eight 
months.  The  fact  that  the  Island  of  Borneo  was  ruled  by  the  kingdom  of 
the  Netherlands  was  productive  of  no  benefit,  yielded  no  facilities  for  the 
work  to  the  mission,  at  any  time. 

TuK  Amoy  Mission. — In  1842,  when  Amoy  had  just  been  made  one  of  the 
five  open  ports  of  China,  Rev.  David  Abeel,  D.U.,  visited  the  cit}^,  and  re- 
ported that,  in  his  judgment,  it  presented  a  promising  field  for  the  exercise 
of  the  missionary  spirit  of  the  church.  lie  wrote,  also  to  Messrs.  Doty  and 
Pohlman,  who  had  given  themselves  to  the  Chiricse  of  Borneo,  to  come  to 
Amoy.  They  wished  to  go,  for  their  hearts  could  know  no  rest  among 
colonial  Chinese  since  the  gates  of  the  empire  itself  had  been  pried  open 
by  war.  In  April,  184-1:,  these  two  brethren  with  their  families  left  Borneo 
for  Amoy.  Before  he  had  an  opportunity  to  enter  this  inviting  field,  Mr. 
Pohlman  was  drowned,  and  a  useful  life,  a  clear  light,  was  quenched. 

The  Rev.  J.  V.  N.  Talmagc,  D.D.,  was  commissioned  as  a  member  of  this 
mission  in  1847;  Rev.  J.  S.  Joralmon,  in  1855;  Revs.  Daniel  Rapalje  and 
Alvin  Ostrom,  in  1858 ;  Rev.  John  E.  Watkins,  in  18G0;  the  Rev.  Leonard 
^Y.  Kip  and  Augustus  Blauvelt,  in  1801;  Rev.  J.  11.  Van  Doren,  in  18G4; 
and  the  Rev.  John  A.  Davis,  in  1868. 

The  Rev.  Elihu  Doty  died  at  sea,  while  returning  home  to  recruit,  in 
1865  ;  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Watkins  and  wife  were  probably  lost  at  sea — the  ship 
that  carried  them  was  not  heard  from ;  the  Rev.  J.  S.  Joralmon  and  wife 
on  account  of  continued  sickness  were  compelled  to  withdraw  from  the  ser- 
vice of  the  Board  in  1800;  Rev.  A.  Ostrom  and  wife  were  so  disabled  by  ill 
health  as  to  make  their  return  to  this  country  necessary,  in  1864;  and  the 
Rev.  A.  Blauvelt  and  wife  were  also  forced,  by  the  same  cause,  to  leave  the 
mission,  in  1804. 

The  force  engaged  at  the  present  time  (May,  1869)  consists  of  Revs.  J.  V. 
N.  Talmage,  D.D.,  and  wife,  D.  Rapalje,  J.  A.  Davis  and  wife,  and  Rev.  L. 
W.  Kip  and  wife,  and  Rev.  J.  II.  Van  Doren,  at  present  in  this  country  to 
recruit. 

The  mission  has  been  continually  blessed  by  the  Head  of  the  Church, 
and  has  often  enjoyed  the  gracious  influences  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  The 
chief  centre  of  the  work  has  been  and  is  at  the  city  of  Amoy. 

The  progress  of  the  mission  can  be  learned  from  a  comparison  of  the  re- 
ports rendered  on  Doc.  31st,  1857,  and  Dec.  31st,  1868.  In  1857,  the  gen- 
eral Synod  separated  from  the  American  Board.  The  reports  are  as  fol- 
lows : 

Dec.  31, 1857.  Force. — Three  missionaries  and  two  assistant  missionaries, 
seven  native  helpers. 

Churches. — One  at  xVmoy,  one  at  Chioh-be.  The  church  at  Amoy  had  two 
places  of  worship. 


388  THE   BOARDS. 

Communicants. — Amoy,  137;  Chioh-be,  35.  Received  during  the  year 
at  Amoy,  19;  at  Chioh-be,  4. 

Schools.— OwQ  at  Amoy,  and  one  at  Chioh-be.  There  was  also  a  small 
theological  class. 

From  the  origin  of  the  mission  to  Dec,  1857,  the  whole  number  received 
into  the  membership  of  the  churches  had  been  192. 

Bee.  31,  1868.  Force. — Three  missionaries  and  two  assistant  missiona- 
ries, and  Mr.  Davis  and  wife  on  the  way  to  join  the  brethren  at  Amoy. 
Two  native  pastors,  IG  native  helpers,  and  7  young  men  in  the  theologi- 
cal class,  with  one  medical  student  taught  at  the  dispensary  and  hospital. 

Churches. — Two  at  Amoy,  both  self-supporting;  one  at  Chioh-be,  one  at 
0-Kang,  with  out-stations  at  Tc-soa,  Ang-tung-thau,  Tong-an,  Chiang-chiu, 
and  Chathaupo. 

Communicants. — First  Church  of  Amoy,  150;  8  having  been  received 
during  the  3'ear.  Second  Church  of  Amoy,  109  ;  19  received  during  the  year. 
Chioh-be,  90  ;  11  received  during  the  year.  The  Church  of  0-Kang  was  or- 
ganized, just  at  the  close  of  the  year,  with  30  members,  all^rom  the  First 
Church  of  Amoy.     The  total  membership,  at  the  close  of  1868,  was  409. 

The  number  of  deaths  among  the  communicants,  from  Dec.  1857,  to  Dec. 
1868,  was  83. 

Schools. — Two  at  Amoy,  with  54  scholars,  and  one  at  Chioh-be,  with  20 
pupils. 

A  dispensarj''  and  hospital,  which  at  the  beginning  was  sustained  by  the 
English  Presbyterian  mission,  that  of  the  London  Society,  and  our  own, 
has  become  self-supporting.  About  5000  patients  each  year  are  treated 
in  his  valuable  institution,  and  the  missions  daily  hold  a  religious  service 
with  those  in  attendance. 

The  Aroot  Mission. — The  Rev.  John  Scudder,  M.D.,D.D.,  was  near  Mad- 
ras, Southern  India.  Mis  sons,  having  completed  their  classical  and  theologi- 
cal education,  were  coming  to  him  to  share  his  work.  He  and  they  desired  to 
cultivate  a  field  among  the  Tamils  hitherto  neglected,  and  to  be  allowed  to 
conduct  a  mission  of  their  own.  But  the  American  Board  could  not  spare 
Dr.  Scudder  from  the  Madras  Mission,  and  the  sons,  therefore,  were  author- 
ized to  occupy  the  North  and  South  Arcot  districts,  lying  west  of  Madras. 

The  Rev.  H.  M.  Scudder,  M.D.,  removed  from  Madras  to  Wallajanuggur, 
three  miles  east  of  the  city  of  Arcot,  in  January,  1851.  On  the  l-4th  of 
March  he  removed  to  a  residence  in  Arcot.  Rev.  W.  W.  Scudder  joined 
him  in  1853  ;  he  had  been  connected  with  the  Ceylon  Mission.  In  1853 
Rev.  Joseph  Scudder  also  engaged  in  the  work  at  Arcot.  These  brothers, 
with  their  father,  requested  the  Particular  Synod  of  New-York,  of  1853,  to 
allow  them  to  be  organized  as  a  Classis.  The  Synod  granted  the  request,  ap- 
pointing Dr.  Scudder  to  perform  this  service.  In  1854  the  Classis  of  Arcot 
was  regularly  constituted,  three  native  brethren,  who  had  removed  from 
Madras,  representing  the  eldership. 

At  that  time  scarcely  a  man  was  to  be  found,  except  those  who  within 


THE  HOARDS.  389 

two  years  had  listened  to  the  preaching  of  the  Scudders,  who  had  even  heard 
the  name  of  Jesus  Christ,  or  had  a  single  correct  idea  of  the  nature  of  Clod, 
or  the  duty  of  man  to  liis  fellows  and  his  Maker,  in  these  large  Arcot  dis- 
tricts, embracing  an  area  of  nearly  10,000  square  miles,  with  a  population 
of  over  two  millions  of  souls. 

Early  in  ISo-t,  Rev.  John  Scudder,  M.D.,  D.D.,  died  near  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  whither  he  had  gone  in  the  hope  of  retarding  the  decline  of  his 
strength.  His  death  was  widely  lamented.  His  services  to  the  Church  and 
the  cause  of  missions  had  been  of  the  highest  value.  During  the  same 
year  Revs.  Jared  AV.  and  Ezekiel  C.  Scudder  reached  Arcot,  and  were  ad- 
mitted to  the  Classis.  Miss  Louisa  Scudder  accompanied  them,  and  engaged 
in  the  work  as  an  assistant  missionar3^  The  Rev.  Joseph  Ma3-ou  sailed  from 
New- York  in  December,  1858,  and  reached  Arcot  on  the  Tth  da)"^  of  April, 
1859.  Rev.  Jacob  Chamberlain,  Jr.,  sailed  from  Boston  in  Dec,  1859,  and 
arrived  at  Arcot  in  April,  1860.  The  Rev.  Silas  D.  Scudder,  M.D.,  joined  the 
mission  in  Dec.  18G0,  and  Rev.  John  Scudder  during  the  summer  of  18G1. 

The  Rev.  Andrew  Sawyer  was  ordained  as  the  first  native  pastor,  early 
in  the  year  1859.  The  Rev.  Zechariah  John  wa=  ordained  to  the  gospel 
niinistr}'-  in  1SG7,  and  the  same  year  the  Rev.  S.  Ettirajooloo  was  received, 
by  letter,  as  a  member  of  the  Classis. 

In  Dec,  1859,  Rev.  Joseph  Scudder  and  wife  were  compelled  bj'  continued 
ill  health  to  return  to  this  countr3^  Miss  Louisa  Scudder  married  and  left 
the  service  of  the  mission,  but,  continuing  to  reside  in  India,  has  rendered 
valuable  assistance  on  many  occasions.  The  health  of  Rev.  Henry  M.  Scud- 
der, D.D.,  became  so  seriously  impaired  that  he  was  declared  incapacitated 
for  further  service  in  India,  and  was  directed  by  the  physicians  to  leave  the 
country  in  1864.     This  was  a  great  loss  to  the  mission. 

The  progress  of  this  mission  will  also  appear  from  a  comparison  of  the 
statistics  of  1857  with  those  of  1808.  The  reports  rendered  were  as  fol- 
lows: 

Dec.  31,  1857.  Force. — 6  Missionaries,  7  assistant  missionaries,  10  na- 
tive helpers. 

Churches. — 5,  namelv,  Vellore,  Arcot,  Chittoor,  Arnee,  Coonoor. 

Communicants. — Vellore,  42  ;  received  during  the  year,  23.  Arcot,  8, 
Chittoor,  46  ;  received  during  the  year,  6.  Arnee,  9.  Coonoor,  20.  Total 
125.  The  Christian  communitj'',  consisting  of  thos£  who  had  renounced 
heathenism  and  accepted  Christianity,  although  not  converts,  numbered 
302  souls. 

Schools. — 1-,  attended  by  87  pupils. 

Dec.  31,  1868.  Force. — 7  Missionaries,  7  assistant  missionaries,  3  native 
pastors,  18  native  catechists,  11  assistant  catecbists,  16  readers,  31  school 
teachers — one  a  woman. 

Churches. — 14;  out-stations,  25.  Communicants,  534  ;  received  during 
the  year,  95.     Christian  communit}',  2094. 

Schools. — About  24,  having  393  pupils. 

Seminaries. — 2  ;  one  containing 47  boys,  the  other,  46  girls.  A  preparandi 


390  THE    BOARDS. 

class  was  also  under  instruction,  including  26  scholars.  This  class  is  com- 
posed of  young  persons,  old  enough  to  judge  for  themselves,  who  have  re- 
nounced idolatry  and  are  seeking  religious  instruction.  The  class  prepares 
them  for  the  seminary.  The  contributions  of  the  churches  for  religious  and 
benevolent  purposes  amounted  to  about  3500  rupees,  equal  to  $1750  in 
gold. 

By  means  of  tours  into  the  outlying  country,  and  by  the  visitation  of 
the  villages  near  the  stations,  the  Gospel  was  preached  to  over  200,000 
souls  during  1868. 

The  mission  has  been  greatly  prospered,  and  has  advanced  rapidly  in  all 
the  departments  of  its  noble  work.  During  the  past  four  years  commodi- 
ous buildings  have  been  erected  for  the  Girls'  Seminary  at  Chittoor,  and  for 
the  Arcot  Seminary  for  boys  at  Vellore. 

The  hospital  and  dispensary  at  Arcot,  under  the  care  of  Rev.  S.  D.  Scud- 
der,  M.D.,  furnished  medical  treatment  for  21,000  out-patients  and  12,000 
in-patients  during  1868.  The  average  number  of  patients  each  day  was 
over  90.  To  these  and  the  friends  who  accompanied  them,  and  to  visitors 
from  the  vicinity,  the  word  of  life  has  been  preached  every  morning.  Bible 
readers  have  also  visited  the  wards  each  day,  and  often  twice  a  day.  The 
institution  has  won  the  confidence  of  the  government,  which  appropriates 
172  rupees  a  month  toward  its  support. 

The  Japan  Mission. — When  in  1858  the  empire  of  Japan  was  opened  to 
foreign  commerce,  and  foreigners  were  allowed  to  reside  at  Kanagawa,  let- 
ters were  received  by  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  from  Christians  of 
rarious  denominations,  who  had  visited  the  Island  of  Nipon  or  made  it 
their  residence,  and  from  Christians  of  various  denominations  in  the  Uni- 
ted States,  urging  that  as  the  Japanese  had  long  been  friendly  to  Hollan- 
ders, and  had  now  become  well  disposed  toward  the  Americans,  the  Re- 
formed Church  of  America,  representing  both  Hollanders  and  Americans, 
M-as  above  all  others  the  church  to  carry  the  Gospel  to  this  nation  of  thirty 
millions  of  souls.  In  obedience  to  the  opinion  of  Christendom,  the  Board 
began  seriously  to  consider  its  duty  in  this  matter.  The  subject  was  pre- 
sented at  the  monthly  concert  held  in  February,  1859,  in  the  South  Church 
corner  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Twenty-first  street,  New-York  City,  when  one 
of  the  elders  engaged  to  give  $800  annually  for  the  support  of  a  missionary 
in  Japan,  and  another  followed  with  a  similar  promise,  and  the  Church,  as  a 
church,  resolved  to  provide  annually  for  the  support  of  a  third  missionary. 
These  offers  were  thankfully  accepted  by  the  Board,  which  proceeded  at 
once  to  find  the  men  who  would  undertake  a  work  so  serious  in  its  nature 
and  so  likely  to  be  unsuccessful  for  many  years. 

The  Rev.  S.  R.  Brown,  D.D.,  the  pastor  of  the  church  of  Owasco  Outlet, 
oflfered  his  services.  They  were  gladly  accepted,  for  Dr.  Brown  had  been 
at  a  previous  time  for  many  years  a  missionary  in  China.  Mr.  Guido  F. 
Verbeck,  a  student  in  the  Presbyterian  Theological  Seminary  at  Auburn, 
also  requested  to  be  sent  to  Japan.     This  was  an  offer  not  to  be  refused ;  for 


THE   BOARDS.  391 

Mr.  Yerbcck,  besides  being  unusually  qualified  by  natural  abilities,  educa- 
tion, and  experience  for  such  work,  was  also  able  to  talk  the  language  of 
Holland,  which  some  of  the  Japanese  had  learned  to  converse  in.  D.  Sim- 
mons, M.D.,  a  young  physician  of  Williamsburgh,  connected  with  the  Re- 
formed Church  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  E.  S.  Porter,  D.D.,  requested 
to  be  sent  as  a  medical  missionary.  These  brethren,  with  their  wives,  and 
the  daughter  of  Dr.  Brown,  and  accompanied  by  Miss  Caroline  E.  Adriancc, 
sailed  from  New-York  on  the  7th  of  May,  18.j9,  and  reached  Kanagawa  on 
November  1st.     The  Rev.  James  II.  Ballagh  joined  the  mission  in  1802. 

Dr.  Simmons  and  wife  resigned  their  commissions  in  the  fall  of  1860. 
Miss  Adriance,  who  went  out  as  a  volunteer,  paying  her  own  expenses,  not 
finding  the  opportunity  she  desired  to  instruct  her  own  sex,  sailed  for 
Amoy,  where  she  was  appointed  an  assistant  missionaiy,  and  where  she 
died  in  1863. 

Rev.  Henry  Stout  was  commissioned  in  the  fall  of  18G8,  and  reached 
Nagasaki  in  March,  1869. 

Revs.  S.  R.  Brown,  D.D.,  and  J.  H.  Ballagh  have  been  located  at  Yoko- 
hama.    Revs.  G.  F.  Yerbeck  and  Henry  Stout,  at  Nagasaki. 

At  both  of  these  stations  the  missionaries  have  been  engaged  in  teaching 
in  the  government  schools.  Hundreds  of  young  men  belonging  to  the  mili- 
tary or  official  class  have  been  under  their  instruction.  A  considerable 
knowledge  of  Scriptural  truth  has  been  imparted  to  them.  By  means  of 
the  sale  and  gratuitous  distribution  of  thousands  of  copies  of  the  Bible  and 
New  Testament  in  Chinese,  and  Christian  books  and  tracts,  manj'  men  in 
various  portions  of  the  empire  have  become  acquainted  with  the  ti'uth. 
Many  inquirers,  apparently  sincere,  have  visited  the  stations.  Some  men 
of  influence  have  been  baptized,  and  admitted  to  the  fellowship  of  the 
church  of  Christ. 

The  translation  of  the  Word  of  God  has  occupied  much  of  the  time  of 
the  mission.  The  brethren,  at  the  beginning  of  1866,  had  made,  indepen- 
dently, versions  of  the  Gospels  and  some  other  portions  of  the  Scriptures, 
but  by  fires  occurring  during  that  and  the  following  year  these  manuscripts, 
the  products  of  protracted  labor,  were  consumed.  Since  then  a  transla- 
tion of  the  Gospel  according  to  Matthew  has  been  completed  by  the  concur- 
rent action  of  the  missions  of  the  Reformed  and  Presbyterian  Churches, 
and  is  nearly  ready  for  the  press. 

Although  the  law  of  Japan  forbids  any  of  its  subjects  to  become  Chris- 
tians under  penalty  of  death,  yet  no  restriction  has  been  put  upon  our  work, 
and  no  man  expressing  Christian  sentiments  has  been  at  all  molested. 

Rev.  J.  II.  Ballagh,  in  August,  1866,  began  a  public  Sabbath  service  in 
Japanese.  His  practice  has  been  to  read  a  portion  of  Scripture  and  ex- 
pound it,  at  the  same  time  hearing  and  answering  questions,  the  service 
beginning  and  closing  with  devotional  exercises.  The  average  attendance 
has  been  twenty  persons. 


392  THE   BOAEDS. 

CONTRIBUTIONS. 

In  closing  this  review  it  is  proper  to  notice  the  growth  of  Hberality  in 
the  Church  at  home.  From  1800  to  1810  there  were  contributed  from  two 
to  three  hundred  pounds  sterling,  (£2-300,)  each  year,  by  the  churches  con- 
nected with  the  New-York  and  the  Northern  Missionary  Societies.  While 
connected  with  the  American  Board,  the  denomination  gave,  in  1833,  $2106  ; 
in  1843,  $8748  ;  in  1853,  $10,957  ;  and  in  1856-7,  the  last  year  of  this  rela- 
tion, about  $13,000.  For  the  first  year  after  the  separation,  the  gifts  of  the 
churches  from  September,  1857,  to  June  1st,  1858,  were  $16,000;  for  the 
year  ending  on  April  30th,  1860,  they  M^ere  $33,000;  for  the  year 
closing  in  18G5,  they  were  $80,000.  For  the  year  that  has  just  closed 
the  denomination  has  given  $81,000  ;  of  this  $3000  has  been  received  from 
legacies,  and  $2000  from  interest  on  the  security  funds. 

By  the  gift  of  James  Suydam,  Esq.,  the  Board  was  furnished  with  a 
security  fund  of  $10,000.  To  this,  "Warren  Ackerman,  Esq.,  added  $10,000, 
By  appropriating  the  bequest  of  William  Mandeville,  Esq.,  of  New-York 
City,  amounting  to  $5000,  to  the  same  fund,  and  by  additions  made  by 
resolution  of  the  Board  from  the  ordinary  receipts,  the  security  funds 
have  reached  a  total  of  $30,000.  J.  M.  F. 


THE    WIDOWS'    FUND." 


The  delegates  from  the  Classes  of  New-York  and  Kingston  were  directed 
in  1773  to  urge  upon  Synod  the  propriety  of  establishing  a  fund  for  the  re- 
lief of  clerical  widows  and  orphans.  Sy'nod  requested  Dr.  Livingston  to 
draw  up  a  plan,  and  report  the  following  year.  He,  however,  then  only  re- 
ported progress;  but,  in  1775,  read  a  plan  for  a  royal  charter,  which  was 
approved  by  Synod,  and  measures  were  taken  to  obtain  such  charter  from 
the  provincial  governments  of  Xew-York  and  New-Jersey,  (the  Synod  yet 
having  no  corporate  legal  existence.) 

The  revolution,  however,  put  an  entire  stop  to  the  whole  business,  and 
it  was  not  till  twelve  years  later  (17S7)  that  further  action  was  taken  on 
the  matter.  A  report  was  made  the  following  yes^r,  and  a  plan  was  pro- 
posed, and  measures  to  secure  a  charter  were  taken — the  delinquent  Classes 
of  Hackensack  and  New-Brunswick,  in  the  mean  time,  being  directed  to  in- 
sert "Widows'  Fund"  in  the  list  of  their  lemmata,  the  other  Classes  hav- 
ing already  done  so.  But  the  subject,  after  this,  remained  in  an  entirely 
dormant  condition  for  twenty  years.  No  action  whatever  was  taken  by 
General  Synod  after  this  till  1809,  when  the  Particular  Synod  of  New-York 
sent  up  a  request  concerning  the  matter,  and  a  plan  for  a  Widows'  Fund. 
This  plan  General  Synod  indorsed,  and  recommended  to  ministers  and 
others  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  and  here  again  the  matter  for  a  time 
reposed. 

The  Particular  Synod  of  New-York,  however,  continued  to  agitate  the 
matter,  and,  in  1813,  again  requested  General  Synod  to  put  in  operation,  as 
soon  as  practicable,  some  plan  of  a  Widows'  Fund.  A  committee  was 
accordingly  appointed,  consisting  of  Revs.  Bradford,  Cuyler,  AVestbrook, 
and  Gosman,  and  Elder  Abram  Van  Yechten,  to  devise  and  initiate  a  plan. 
A  plan  is  accordingly  found  in  the  minutes  of  1814,  consisting  of  thirteen 
articles.  The  committee  state  that  it  w'as  no  slight  task  to  form  an  equita- 
ble plan  of  such  a  fund,  but  they  had  been  greatly  guided  by  the  laws  of  a 
similar  society  in  the  Episcopal  Church.  The  plan  stated,  in  brief,  that 
there  could  be  three  classes  of  members  to  said  fund,  according  as  they 
paid  $10,  $20,  or  $30  annually,  to  be  benefited  accordingly,  and  that  these 
subscriptions,  together  with  all  donations  and  legacies,  should  go  to  consti- 
tute a  permanent  fund,  the  income  of  which,  when  not  required,  should 
swell  the  principal.  The  annuities  should  be  five  times  the  sum  of  all  the 
annual  contributions,  provided  this  were  possible;  if  not,  in  a  pro-rata  pro- 
portion among  the  members ;  but  never  should  an  annuity  exceed  $750. 


394  THE  widows'  fund. 

If  only  five  premiums  had  been  paid,  then  the  beneficiary  should  receive 
ten  per  cent  on  the  amount  actually  contributed,  but  only  for  thirteen  years. 
If  more  than  five  or  less  than  fifteen  premiums  had  been  paid,  the  annuitant 
should  onlj'  receive  half  dividend,  until  the  other  half  should  make  up  the 
equivalent  of  fifteen  full  premiums — the  latter  number  making  one  a  full 
member  of  the  fund. 

Any  brother  who  should  marry  a  second  time  should  pay  one  extra  pre- 
mium. A  clerical  widow,  remarrying,  should  receive  thereafter  only  half 
the  annuity  to  which  she  was  previously  entitled.  A.  motherless  child,  or 
children,  should  receive  the  complete  annuity  for  thirteen  years,  or  a  final 
and  equitable  settlement  could  be  made  in  place  of  annuities,  if  desired.  Con- 
gregations could  pay  the  premiums  for  their  ministers,  and  clergymen  of 
other  denominations  could  belong  to  the  fund. 

The  Synod  of  1814  confirmed  this  plan  as  the  basis  of  the  Widows' 
Fund. 

But  after  this  foundation  was  laid,  a  long  Sabbath  ensued.  The  matter  is 
barely  referred  to  in  1816.  In  1822,  a  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of 
Revs.  C.  C.  Cuyler,  R.  Bronk,  and  Elder  Christian  Miller,  to  investigate  anew 
the  matter  of  the  Widows'  Fund,  and  report  in  1823.  They  were  not  ready. 
They  were  discharged,  and  another  committee  appointed  in  their  place,  consist- 
ing of  Messrs.  Jas.  A.  Hardenbergh,  A.  Van  Nest,  and  Peter  Sharpe.  This 
committee  made  no  report  from  year  to  year,  though  continued  for  seven 
years,  and  in  1830  they  were  discharged  and  no  further  action  taken,  and 
the  subject  remained  in  abeyance  till  1835.  In  this  year,  the  Classis  of 
Montgomery  recommended  their  churches  to  raise  a  fund  for  disabled  min- 
isters or  their  widows,  and  the  Particular  Synod  of  Albany  noticed  the  mat- 
ter, and  referred  it  to  General  Synod.  The  subject  was  by  them  referred 
to  a  special  committee,  consisting  of  Revs.  Jacob  Schoonmaker,  James 
Murphy,  John  H.  Bevier,  and  Elders  Isaac  Roosevelt  and  Benjamin  Wood. 
They  reported  to  refer  the  whole  matter  to  the  Board  of  Direction  of  Cor- 
poration, and  that  Revs.  James  Murphy,  Andrew  Yates,  and  Thomas  M. 
Strong  be  associated  with  said  Board,  and  that  they  report  at  the  next 
Synod.  But  at  the  time  specified,  no  report  was  received,  and  the  commit- 
tee was  discharged.  A  special  committee  was  then  appointed,  consisting  of 
Revs.  James  Murphy,  Cornelius  Bogardus,  and  Elder  P.  D.  Vroom,  who  made 
a  report  at  the  same  session,  (1836,)  which  was  accepted,  but  final  action 
deferred  till  the  next  year ;  the  report  in  the  mean  time  to  be  published  in 
the  Ghristian  Intelligencer^  (which  was  done  in  January,  1837,)  and  the  seve- 
ral Classes  were  asked  to  give  particular  attention  to  it,  and  to  express  their 
opinions  about  it.  The  Board  of  Direction  were  also  asked  to  take  charge 
of  the  fund,  to  which  they  agreed. 

In  the  Particular  Synod  of  Albany,  some  of  the  Classes  approved  the 
plan  completely,  and  some  partially.  In  the  Particular  Synod  of  New- 
York,  the  Classes  of  Bergen,  Paramus,  and  Poughkeepsie  urged  the  mat- 
ter on,  the  other  Classes  either  having  neglected  to  take  action,  or  declining 
to  express  an  opinion. 


THE  widows'  fund.  395 

General  Synod,  (1837,)  after  hearing  these  proceedings  of  Classes,  referred 
the  whole  matter  to  a  committee,  consisting  of  Revs.  James  Murphy,  Edwin 
Holmes,  and  Isaac  M.  Fisher,  and  Elders  llutton  and  Thompson,  who  re- 
ported at  the  same  session : 

"That  the  clergj'mcn  now  present  he  invited  to  sign  a  memorandum, 
promising  to  pay,  within  the  year,  $30  for  the  establishment  of  such  a  fund. 
That  the  churches  take  up  collections  about  the  first  Sabbath  in  October 
next  for  this  cause." 

Committees  were  also  appointed  to  solicit  contributions  in  the  different 
cities.  Each  Classis  was  directed  to  appoint  a  connnittce  for  a  similar  pur- 
pose, and  that  their  duties  be  done  without  delay ;  and  that  the  Board  of 
Direction  digest  the  plan  more  fully,  and  frame  by-laws,  and  that  explana- 
tory circulars  be  sent  to  the  churches.  Twelve  clergymen  at  once  paid  the 
amount,  making  $240. 

During  the  first  year,  premiums  and  donations  amounted  to  $05(3.32. 

The  circular  which  was  sent  to  tlie  churches  (see  p.  lOS,  session  1838) 
explained  the  plan  and  objects  of  the  fund.  It  was  to  be  under  control  of 
General  Synod.  A  payment  of  $20  annually  secured  an  interest  in  the 
fund,  which  should  become  available  to  applicants  after  it  had  reached 
$10,000,  after  which  premiums  and  donations  could  be  considered  in- 
come, if  so  desired.  The  maximum  allowance  to  disabled  ministers  or 
their  widows  should  be  $200  per  annum,  or  to  their  children,  if  wholly  or- 
phans, $75  per  annum  each,  till  sixteen  years  of  age.  If  the  funds  warrant, 
the  maximum  may  be  increased — the  whole  income,  be  it  more  or  less,  to  be 
divided,  pro  rata,  among  the  applicants.  Five  premiums,  however,  must 
have  been  paid  to  entitle  one  to  the  maximum  ;  if  not  so  many,  the  benefit 
to  be  in  due  proportion.  Failure  to  pay  the  premiums  forfeits  .the  member- 
ship in  the  fund;  the  marriage  of  a  widow  forfeits  her  claims,  but  not  the 
claims  of  the  children  under  sixteen,  who  shall  receive  as  if  full  orphans. 

The  committee  appointed  to  solicit  contributions  reported  that,  on  account 
of  the  financial  embarrassments  of  the  times,  (1837,)  they  had  not  thought 
it  wise  to  proceed.  Synod  directed  that  the  circular  of  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tion be  read  in  the  churches  before  the  collection.  Consistories  were  ex- 
horted to  make  their  pastors  members  by  an  annual  contribution,  (1839.) 
But  few  ministers,  however,  subscribed;  comparatively  few  contributions 
were  received,  and  but  few  Classes  were  heard  from.  The  Board  of  Cor- 
poration say  in  their  report  that  they  can  not  speak  on  this  subject  with- 
out pain,  considering  the  importance  of  the  fund,  as  it  disappointed  expec- 
tations. One  Classis  (that  of  Schoharie)  at  the  same  time  asked  Synod  to 
make  some  provision  by  which  poor  ministers  may  become  members  of  the 
fund.  Synod  at  this  time  appointed  a  standing  committee  consisting  of 
Revs.  Murphy,  Kittle,  and  Zabriskie,  and  Elders  Heyr  and  Houston,  to  be 
called  the  Committee  on  the  Widows'  Fund.  During  the  then  session,  they 
examined  into  its  condition  and  prospects,  and  reported  encouragingl3\ 
Two  years  had  produced  a  fund  of  three  thousand  one  hundred  and  fifty- 
five  dollars  and  twenty-one  cents.     The  committee  at  once  requested  in 


396  THE   WIDOWS     FUND. 

their  report  that  the  Board  of  Corporation  prepare  their  by-laws  and  sug- 
gestions, and  that  the  whole  plan  be  published  in  an  appendix  to  the  minutes 
of  Sj^nod.  A  modification  of  the  plan  was  also  adopted,  permitting  breth- 
ren to  withdraw  their  premiums  without  interest  if  they  desired.  The  sys- 
tem of  Classical  agencies  was  also  proposed,  and  the  Consistories  were 
directed  to  endeavor  to  keep  their  pastors  members  of  this  fund.  The  min- 
isters present  were  entreated  at  once  to  become  members  by  payment  in 
cash,  or  by  giving  their  notes.  The  plan,  as  now  amended,  is  accordingly 
found  in  an  appendix  to  the  minutes  of  1839. 

The  accumulation  was  still  ver3r  slow.  Up  to  June,  1840,  only  $5000 
had  been  obtained.  Many  of  those  who  had  originally  promised  had  not 
met  their  pledges.  In  1841,  it  stood  at  $6009  ;  in  1842,  at  $7550;  in  1843, 
at  $8733  ;  in  1844,  at  $9800.  Great  complaint  was  made  that  many  of  the 
original  subscribers  could  not  yet  receive  any  benefit  through  the  apathy  of 
others.  Five  and  ten  dollar  subscriptions  were  now  allowed,  with  benefit 
accordingly.  In  June,  1845,  the  fund  for  the  first  time  became  available. 
It  was  now  stipulated  that,  if  any  withdrew  the  premiums  paid,  i''  ■should 
be  taken  from  the  income,  and  not  the  principal.  Eight  years  h-a  been 
consumed  in  reaching  $10,000,  and  only  seven  churches  had  taken  up  col- 
lections. The  treasurer  was  henceforth  allowed  $150  per  annum  for  taking 
care  of  the  Widows'  Fund.  During  the  first  year  in  which  it  was  availa- 
ble, there  were  paid  $1100  as  annuities  from  its  income  and  collections,  to 
be  considered  as  income. 

They  now  proposed  and  made  an  effort  to  double  the  fund  during  the 
years  1846-7,  and  circulars  were  sent  accordingly  to  all  the  ministers,  and 
an  agent  was  appointed ;  but  this  hope  was  not  realized  till  eighteen  years 
after,  namely,  in  1864,  when  it  stood  at  $20,539.  The  amended  plan  was 
published  in  minutes  of  1846.  In  1849,  there  were  sixty-seven  subscribers 
and  seven  annuitants.  Six  subscribers  about  this  time  withdrew  their  pre- 
miums paid,  amounting  to  $560,  which  greatly  reduced  the  annuities.  The 
Board  of  Corporation  made  lamentable  reports  of  the  slow  progress  of  the 
fund.  They  suggest  that  there  must  be  some  radical  objection  to  it.  They 
had  reported  their  confidence  in  it  every  year,  till  every  body  had  seemed  to 
lose  confidence.  Synod  requested  again  that  Consistories  should  make  their 
pastors  members. 

In  1855,  the  Sustentation  Fund  was  started,  as  a  collateral  aid  to  the 
Widows'  Fund,  for  those  ministers  in  their  old  age  or  infirmities  who  had 
not  been  able  to  pay  the  twenty  dollars  premium  to  the  Widow's  Fund. 
The  widows  of  such  could  also  receive  aid  from  it.  Its  moneys  were  to  be 
deposited  with  the  New- York  Life  Insurance  and  Trust  Company,  or  to  be 
safely  invested  elsewhere.  It  was  under  the  same  officers  as  the  AVidows' 
Fund,  who,  moreover,  stated  their  fears  that  the  latter  would  be  injured  in 
its  prospects  thereby. 

In  1860,  by  the  withdrawal  of  premiums,  the  annuities  were  reduced  to 
almost  nothing,  and  the  same  difficulties  continued  for  two  or  three  years. 
And  when  at  length  some  radical  modifications  were  proposed,  a  panic  was 


THE    AVJDOWS'    FUND.  397 

created,  and  so  manj-  withdrew  tlic  premiums  paid  that  in  ISOi  no  annui- 
ties were  received  by  the  nienibors,  to  the  great  distress  of  nianj'.  At  last, 
the  modified  plan  proposed  bj-  Mr.  Jewett,  of  Poughkecpsie,  was  approved 
b}'  all  the  members,  and  is  the  present  plan,  and  hardlj^  liable  to  any  future 
modifications,  having  reached  a  comparative  degree  of  perfection.  Premi- 
ums of  $20,  $10,  or  $5  annually  make  a  clergyman  a  member  with  corre- 
sponding benefit,  interest  to  be  required  if  payments  be  protracted  more  than 
six  months;  neglect  for  a  whole  year  to  be  a  forfeiture  of  privilege.  An 
amount  yielding,  $20,  $10,  or  $5  interest  a  year  may  be  paid  at  once,  and 
at  death  of  part}-,  heirs  may  be  entitled  to  the  benefit  of  the  fund,  and  also 
to  withdraw  the  principal  advanced.  ^Members  may  now  withdraw  only 
seventy-five  per  cent  of  premiums  paid,  if  they  wish  their  membership  to 
cease,  and  then  only  after  nine  months'  notice,  provided  also  that  the  whole 
number  of  such  applicants  shall  not  be  entitled  to  receive  an  amount  great- 
er than  half  the  income  of  the  fund  in  any  one  year.  A  principal  sum, 
however,  may  be  wholly  withdrawn  after  due  notice.  Half  of  the  jannual 
premiums  and  collections  shall  go  to  the  income,  and  half  to  the  principal. 
At  least  five  annual  premiums  must  have  been  paid  to  entitle  one  to  the 
maximum  dividend.  If  not  five,  the  dividend  to  be  in  proportion.  A 
widow  marrying  forfeits  her  claim,  but  the  children  under  sixteen  do  not. 
These  general  provisions  and  modifications,  which  are  also  undoubted  im- 
provements, place  this  fund  on  a  foundation  better  than  ever  before.  It 
secures  large  annuities  not  only  by  a  more  rapidly  increasing  capital,  but 
also  prevents  those  sudden  panics,  which  once  reduced  the  annuity  to  noth- 
ing, when  the  full  amount  of  the  premiums  might  be  taken  from  the  income. 
The  capital  of  this  fund  now  amounts  to  nearly  $30,000. 


-I^ 


Date  Due 

1 

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